Media literacy in moroccan schools: An analysis of student awareness, teacher understandings and textbook content.

Capítulo completo en acceso abierto que hace parte de la obra Media and information literacy for the public good: UNESCO MILID Yearbook 2023.

Autores:
Mliless, Mohamed
Boulaid, Fouad
Tipo de recurso:
Part of book
Fecha de publicación:
2023
Institución:
Corporación Universitaria Minuto De Dios - Uniminuto
Repositorio:
Repositorio institucional UNIMINUTO
Idioma:
eng
OAI Identifier:
oai:repository.uniminuto.edu:10656/19463
Acceso en línea:
https://repository.uniminuto.edu/handle/10656/19463
https://doi.org/10.26620/uniminuto/978-958-763-705-2.cap.11
Palabra clave:
Alfabetización en información mediática
Escuela secundaria
Libros de texto
Morocco
374.0124
Media information literacy
Media literacy
Secondary school
Textbooks
Morocco
Literacy (Education) — Case Studies
Primary Education
Education and Development
Vocational Training
Media Literacy
Adult Literacy — Research
Rights
openAccess
License
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)
id Uniminuto2_adaa3e78cd7667019132fbd9173cd928
oai_identifier_str oai:repository.uniminuto.edu:10656/19463
network_acronym_str Uniminuto2
network_name_str Repositorio institucional UNIMINUTO
repository_id_str
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv Media literacy in moroccan schools: An analysis of student awareness, teacher understandings and textbook content.
title Media literacy in moroccan schools: An analysis of student awareness, teacher understandings and textbook content.
spellingShingle Media literacy in moroccan schools: An analysis of student awareness, teacher understandings and textbook content.
Alfabetización en información mediática
Escuela secundaria
Libros de texto
Morocco
374.0124
Media information literacy
Media literacy
Secondary school
Textbooks
Morocco
Literacy (Education) — Case Studies
Primary Education
Education and Development
Vocational Training
Media Literacy
Adult Literacy — Research
title_short Media literacy in moroccan schools: An analysis of student awareness, teacher understandings and textbook content.
title_full Media literacy in moroccan schools: An analysis of student awareness, teacher understandings and textbook content.
title_fullStr Media literacy in moroccan schools: An analysis of student awareness, teacher understandings and textbook content.
title_full_unstemmed Media literacy in moroccan schools: An analysis of student awareness, teacher understandings and textbook content.
title_sort Media literacy in moroccan schools: An analysis of student awareness, teacher understandings and textbook content.
dc.creator.fl_str_mv Mliless, Mohamed
Boulaid, Fouad
dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv Mliless, Mohamed
Boulaid, Fouad
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv Alfabetización en información mediática
Escuela secundaria
Libros de texto
Morocco
topic Alfabetización en información mediática
Escuela secundaria
Libros de texto
Morocco
374.0124
Media information literacy
Media literacy
Secondary school
Textbooks
Morocco
Literacy (Education) — Case Studies
Primary Education
Education and Development
Vocational Training
Media Literacy
Adult Literacy — Research
dc.subject.ddc.none.fl_str_mv 374.0124
dc.subject.keywords.none.fl_str_mv Media information literacy
Media literacy
Secondary school
Textbooks
Morocco
dc.subject.lemb.none.fl_str_mv Literacy (Education) — Case Studies
Primary Education
Education and Development
Vocational Training
Media Literacy
Adult Literacy — Research
description Capítulo completo en acceso abierto que hace parte de la obra Media and information literacy for the public good: UNESCO MILID Yearbook 2023.
publishDate 2023
dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv 2023
dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv 2024-06-13T14:53:01Z
dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv 2024-06-13T14:53:01Z
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv Book chapter
dc.type.spa.none.fl_str_mv Capítulo de libro
dc.type.coar.none.fl_str_mv http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_3248
format http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_3248
dc.identifier.citation.none.fl_str_mv Mliless, M., & Boulaid, F. (2023). Media literacy in moroccan schools: An analysis of student awareness, teacher understandings and textbook content. pp.263-294. Corporación Universitaria Minuto de Dios - UNIMINUTO.
dc.identifier.isbn.none.fl_str_mv 9789587637052
dc.identifier.uri.none.fl_str_mv https://repository.uniminuto.edu/handle/10656/19463
https://doi.org/10.26620/uniminuto/978-958-763-705-2.cap.11
dc.identifier.instname.none.fl_str_mv instname:Corporación Universitaria Minuto de Dios
dc.identifier.reponame.none.fl_str_mv reponame:Colecciones Digitales Uniminuto
dc.identifier.repourl.none.fl_str_mv repourl:https://repository.uniminuto.edu
identifier_str_mv Mliless, M., & Boulaid, F. (2023). Media literacy in moroccan schools: An analysis of student awareness, teacher understandings and textbook content. pp.263-294. Corporación Universitaria Minuto de Dios - UNIMINUTO.
9789587637052
instname:Corporación Universitaria Minuto de Dios
reponame:Colecciones Digitales Uniminuto
repourl:https://repository.uniminuto.edu
url https://repository.uniminuto.edu/handle/10656/19463
https://doi.org/10.26620/uniminuto/978-958-763-705-2.cap.11
dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv eng
language eng
dc.relation.ispartof.none.fl_str_mv Media and information literacy for the public good: UNESCO MILID Yearbook 2023.
dc.relation.uri.none.fl_str_mv https://repository.uniminuto.edu/handle/10656/19196
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)
dc.rights.uri.none.fl_str_mv http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
dc.rights.accessrights.none.fl_str_mv http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.rights.local.none.fl_str_mv Open Access
rights_invalid_str_mv Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
Open Access
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.format.extent.none.fl_str_mv 32 páginas
dc.format.mimetype.none.fl_str_mv application/pdf
dc.coverage.spatial.none.fl_str_mv Bogotá D.C.
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv Corporación Universitaria Minuto de Dios - UNIMINUTO
publisher.none.fl_str_mv Corporación Universitaria Minuto de Dios - UNIMINUTO
institution Corporación Universitaria Minuto De Dios - Uniminuto
bitstream.url.fl_str_mv https://repository.uniminuto.edu/bitstreams/f450febb-658f-4a86-af6d-6d76cf764a13/download
https://repository.uniminuto.edu/bitstreams/9b42a64f-dba1-4d2d-a5d0-c89638ee1aba/download
bitstream.checksum.fl_str_mv 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33
a7521b698864e80850f0a6a274aaceef
bitstream.checksumAlgorithm.fl_str_mv MD5
MD5
repository.name.fl_str_mv Repository - Uniminuto
repository.mail.fl_str_mv repositorio@uniminuto.edu
_version_ 1812494457908494336
spelling Mliless, Mohamed5ff5b3bb-83d2-4b06-af4a-a0292db1277dBoulaid, Fouadf17d095b-aca6-4ab6-8433-f1aba34e000cBogotá D.C.2024-06-13T14:53:01Z2024-06-13T14:53:01Z2023Mliless, M., & Boulaid, F. (2023). Media literacy in moroccan schools: An analysis of student awareness, teacher understandings and textbook content. pp.263-294. Corporación Universitaria Minuto de Dios - UNIMINUTO.9789587637052https://repository.uniminuto.edu/handle/10656/19463https://doi.org/10.26620/uniminuto/978-958-763-705-2.cap.11instname:Corporación Universitaria Minuto de Diosreponame:Colecciones Digitales Uniminutorepourl:https://repository.uniminuto.eduCapítulo completo en acceso abierto que hace parte de la obra Media and information literacy for the public good: UNESCO MILID Yearbook 2023.This study examines the state of media literacy in Morocco by employing a multimethod approach. To that end, we used a questionnaire to assess students’ (N = 700) awareness of the media literacy, an interview to gather teachers’ (N = 40) perspectives on the concept of media literacy in the educational domain, and content analysis to examine the concept’s availability in textbooks (N = 28) used to teach Arabic, French, and English in primary, middle and high schools. The results show that students know little about the concept, are not well-versed in media literacy, and use various media outlets without being critically briefed on their risks. Meanwhile, teachers recognize the importance of media literacy in assisting students in deconstructing media messages and identifying fake news and misinformation. To be successful in teaching media literacy, teachers postulate that they need to be well-trained and develop a professional attitude to media literacy in order to ensure a coherent and efficient implementation of the concept, and for this, they call for pedagogical materials. The results show that the pedagogical resources under study did not include courses, activities, or separate units on media literacy. Instead, the pedagogical material contained isolated and relegated lessons on the functions and effects of media and information technologies. We believe that three obstacles prevent media literacy integration in Morocco: students’ lack of awareness, teachers’ lack of professional development, and insufficient school pedagogical support. In sum, this study provides an opportunity to32 páginasapplication/pdfCorporación Universitaria Minuto de Dios - UNIMINUTOMedia and information literacy for the public good: UNESCO MILID Yearbook 2023.https://repository.uniminuto.edu/handle/10656/19196Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessOpen AccessAlfabetización en información mediáticaEscuela secundariaLibros de textoMorocco374.0124Media information literacyMedia literacySecondary schoolTextbooksMoroccoLiteracy (Education) — Case StudiesPrimary EducationEducation and DevelopmentVocational TrainingMedia LiteracyAdult Literacy — ResearchMedia literacy in moroccan schools: An analysis of student awareness, teacher understandings and textbook content.Book chapterCapítulo de librohttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_3248engAit Hattani, H. (2019). Media literacy education in secondary school: Teachers’ attitudes. Journal of Media Research, 12(1), 5–26.Abu-Fadil, M., Torrent, J., & Grizzle, A. (Eds.) (2016). Opportunities for media and information literacy in the Middle East and North Africa. Nordicom.Al-Faisal, A. A. (2016). An Iraqi perspective. In: Abu-Fadil, M., Torrent, J., & Grizzle, A. (Eds.) Opportunities for media and information literacy in the Middle East and North Africa. Nordicom, 79–86.Boujemaa, B. (2016). An Algerian perspective. In: Abu-Fadil, M., Torrent, J., & Grizzle, A. (Eds.) Opportunities for media and information literacy in the Middle East and North Africa. Nordicom, 87–94.Breakstone, J., Smith, M., Wineburg, S., Rapaport, A., Carle, J., Garland, M., & Saavedra, A. (2021). Students’ civic online reasoning: A National portrait. Educational Researcher, 50(8), 505–515.Brenner, M., Brown, J., & Canter, D. (1985). The research interview. Academic Press Inc.Burn, A., & Durran, J. (2007). Media literacy in schools practice: Production and progression. Paul Chapman Publishing.Carlsson, U. (2019). Understanding media and information literacy (MIL) in the digital age – A question of democracy. University of Gothenburg.Cohen, L., Manion, L., & Morrisson, K. (2005). Research methods in education. Routledge.Cunnings worth, A (1994). Evaluating and selecting EFL teaching materials. Biddles Ltd.Durra, Y. (2016). A Jordanian perspective. In: Abu-Fadil, M., Torrent, J., & Grizzle, A. (Eds.) Opportunities for media and information literacy in the Middle East and North Africa. Nordicom, 115–124.European policies initiative (EuPI) (2021) (2021). Media Literacy Index. https://osis.bg/?p=3750&lang=en.Floyd, C., & Thinz, G. (2016). Empowering children and youth in Tunisia. In: Abu-Fadil, M., Torrent, J., & Grizzle, A. (Eds.) Opportunities for media and information literacy in the Middle East and North Africa. Nordicom, 141–149.Garinger, D. (2001). Textbook Evaluation. http://www.teflweb–j.org/v1n1/ garinger.html.High Commission for Planning (HCP) (2020). Voluntary National Review of the Implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals. https:// www.hcp.ma/.Jahangard, A. (2007). Evaluation of EFL materials taught in Iranian public high school. The Asian EFL Journal Quarterly, 9(2), 130–150.Koltay, T. (2011). The media and the literacies: Media literacy, information literacy, digital literacy. Media, Culture and Society, 33(2), 211–221.Kubey, R. (1998). Obstacles to the development of media education in the United States. Journal of Communication, 48(1), 58–69.Kubey, R. W. (2003). Why U.S. media education lags behind the rest of the English speaking world. Television and New Media, 4(4), 351–370.Landry, N., & Basque, B. (2015). L’éducation aux médias: Contributions, pratiques et perspectives de recherche en sciences de la communication media literacy [Media literacy: Contributions, practices and research perspectives in communication]. Communiquer, 15. http://journals. openedition.org/communiquer/1664.Larouz, M. (2007). The requisites of educational/academic leadership for change and development, leadership and values. Proceedings of (MATE), 2007.Larouz, M., & Mliless, M. (2015). Students’ safety of private information on social media risks of dissemination and educational implications. In:. Libreria Universitaria The proceedings of the eighth international conference of ICT and language learning, 234–238.Lee, A. Y. L., & So, C. (2014). Media literacy and information literacy: Similarities and differences. Comunicar, 21(42), 137–146.Livingstone, S. (2004). What is media literacy? Intermedia, 32(3), 18–20.Logeswari, A., Chennupati, K. R., Shimray, S. R., & Chennupati, D. (2021). Awareness about media and information literacy among research scholars of Ppondicherry University: A survey. DESIDOC Journal of Library and Information Technology, 41(4), 250–259.Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research (MEHESR) (2009). For a new reform: Representation of the Emergency plan program 2009-2012. Ministry of National Education, vocational training, higher education and scientific research.Melki, J., & Maaliki, L. (2016). Helping Arab digital and media lteracy blossom: Three years of the media and digital literacy academy of Beirut (MDLAB). In: Abu-Fadil, M., Torrent, J., & Grizzle, A. (Eds.) Opportunities for media and information literacy in the Middle East and North Africa. Nordicom, 41–48.Atay, M., & Danju, I. (2012). Analysis of 1st grade and 5th grade textbooks and primary school students’ views about personal traits in gender role in society. Procedia – Social and Behavioral Sciences, 47, 64–73.Miekley, J. (2005). ESL textbook evaluation checklist. The Reading Matrix, 5(2). http://www.readingmatrix.com/readingprojects/, 28.Mliless, M., & Larouz, M. (2018). Smartphones use, dependency and addiction predictors among Moroccan university students. International Journal of Academic Studies, 1, 1–20.Nfissi, A. (2013). The state of the art of media and information literacy in Morocco. In: Carlson, U., & Culver, S. H. (Eds.) Media and information literacy and intercultural dialogue. MILID yearbook 2013. Nordicom.Nfissi, A., & Chouit, D. (2016). A Moroccan perspective. In: Abu-Fadil, M., Torrent, J., & Grizzle, A. (Eds.) Opportunities for media and information literacy in the Middle East and North Africa. Nordicom, 95–106.Nuseibeh, L., & Abu Arqoub, M. (2016). An overview from the occupied Palestinian territories. In: Abu-Fadil, M., Torrent, J., & Grizzle, A. (Eds.) Opportunities for media and information literacy in the Middle East and North Africa. Nordicom, 55–78.Oxstrand, B. (2009). Media literacy education: A discussion about media education in the Western countries, Europe and Sweden. University of Gothenburg.Pérez-Escoda, A., García-Ruiz, R., & Aguaded, I. (2020). Media literacy as a key component in new learning environments: E-learning, U-learning and social learning. In: Tornero, J. M. P., Orozco, G., & Hamburger, E. (Eds.) Media and information literacy in critical times: Re-imagining learning and information environments. UNESCO Chair on Media and Information Literacy for Quality Journalism, 285–294.Robinson, J. (1996). Introduction to media literacy education and media literacy education bibliography. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED403611.pdf.Saleem, N. E. (2016). A Sultanate of Oman perspective. In: Abu-Fadil, M., Torrent, J., & Grizzle, A. (Eds.) Opportunities for media and information literacy in the Middle East and North Africa. Nordicom, 125–132.Simon, H. A. (1971). Designing organizations for an information-rich world. In: Greenberger, M. (Ed.) Computers, communication, and the public interest. The Johns Hopkins Press, 37–72.Simon, H. A. (1978). Rational decision-making in business organizations. Nobel memorial lecture at Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA. https://www.nobelprize.org/uploads/2018/06/simon-lecture.pdf.Skierso, A. (191). Textbook selection and evaluation. In: Celce-Murcia, M. (Ed.) Teaching English as a second or foreign language. Heinle & Heinle Publishers, 432–453.Tarnoff, B. (2016, December 26). The attention merchants review: How the web is being debased for profit. https://www.theguardian.com/books/2016/ dec/26/the-attention-merchants-tim-wu-review.Tayie, S. (2016). An Egyptian perspective. In: Abu-Fadil, M., Torrent, J., & Grizzle, A. (Eds.) Opportunities for media and information literacy in the Middle East and North Africa. Nordicom, 107–114.United Nations alliance for civilizations (UNAOC) (2009). Mapping media education policies in the world: Visions, programs, and challenges. http:// unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0018/001819/181917e.pdf on May 16, 2015.UNESCO (2008). Comment promouvoir l’égalité entre les sexes par les manuels scolaires? Guide méthodologique à l’attention des acteurs et actrices de la chaîne du manuel scolaire [How to promote gender equality through textbooks? A methodological guide for actors in the textbook chain]. UNESCO.United Nations (UN) (2015). Resolution adopted by the general assembly on 25 September 2015 transforming our world: The 2030 Agenda for sustainable development. https://www.un.org/ga/search/view_doc. asp?symbol=A/RES/70/1&Lang=E.Wilson, C., & Hoechsmann, M. (2017). Évolution historique et perspectives actuelles [Historical development and current perspectives]. In: Letellier, A. S., & N. Landry, (Eds.). Presses de l’Université de Montréal L’éducation aux médias à l’ère numérique [Media literacy in the digital age], 27–47.Wineburg, S. (2021, June 1). How to improve American students’ fact-checking skills [Video] [YouTube]. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aP- 3Dx0LYwis&t=826s.Wineburg, S., Breakstone, J., Ziv, N., & Smith, M. (2020). Educating for misunderstanding: How approaches to teaching digital literacy make students susceptible to scammers, rogues, bad actors, and hate mongers. Stanford University Paper a-21322. https://stacks.stanford.edu/file/druid: mf412bt5333/Educating_for_Misunderstanding.pdf.Wu, T. (2016). The attention merchants: The epic scramble to get inside uur heads. Alfred Knopf.LICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain1748https://repository.uniminuto.edu/bitstreams/f450febb-658f-4a86-af6d-6d76cf764a13/download8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33MD52ORIGINALCapitulo11-Media and information literacy for the public good UNESCO MILID Yearbook_2023.pdfCapitulo11-Media and information literacy for the public good UNESCO MILID Yearbook_2023.pdfCapítulo de libroapplication/pdf877494https://repository.uniminuto.edu/bitstreams/9b42a64f-dba1-4d2d-a5d0-c89638ee1aba/downloada7521b698864e80850f0a6a274aaceefMD5310656/19463oai:repository.uniminuto.edu:10656/194632024-07-08 16:04:18.175http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)open.accesshttps://repository.uniminuto.eduRepository - Uniminutorepositorio@uniminuto.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