Skin mucus from cachama blanca (Piaractus orinoquensis) as a low-invasive method to assess welfare in fish

Skin mucus contributes to the ﬁsh defense against the surrounding environment and reﬂects the state of health of the ﬁsh; therefore, it is a low-invasive and non-lethal matrix appropriate to assess welfare. However, more information is required on the response to stressors in Latin America ﬁsh speci...