An early sequential bilingual methodology for three to five-year-old children from public early childhood development centers
: figuras, tablas
- Autores:
-
González Marín, Clara Inés
Arias Castaño, Enrique
Durango Isaza, Diana Carolina
Garzón Ríos, John Sebastián
Rodríguez López, Ana Isabel
- Tipo de recurso:
- Book
- Fecha de publicación:
- 2018
- Institución:
- Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira
- Repositorio:
- Repositorio Institucional UTP
- Idioma:
- eng
- OAI Identifier:
- oai:repositorio.utp.edu.co:11059/15518
- Acceso en línea:
- https://hdl.handle.net/11059/15518
https://doi.org/10.22517/9789587226775
https://repositorio.utp.edu.co/home
- Palabra clave:
- 370 - Educación
Inglés - Adquisición
Lenguaje y lenguas
Educación bilingüe
Lenguaje y lenguas
Enseñanza – Método bilingüe
Ingles - Enseñanza – Método bilingüe
Lengua inglesa – Estudio y Enseñanza (preescolar)
Adquisición de segundo lenguaje
Desarrollo del lenguaje en niños
- Rights
- openAccess
- License
- Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0)
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dc.title.spa.fl_str_mv |
An early sequential bilingual methodology for three to five-year-old children from public early childhood development centers |
title |
An early sequential bilingual methodology for three to five-year-old children from public early childhood development centers |
spellingShingle |
An early sequential bilingual methodology for three to five-year-old children from public early childhood development centers 370 - Educación Inglés - Adquisición Lenguaje y lenguas Educación bilingüe Lenguaje y lenguas Enseñanza – Método bilingüe Ingles - Enseñanza – Método bilingüe Lengua inglesa – Estudio y Enseñanza (preescolar) Adquisición de segundo lenguaje Desarrollo del lenguaje en niños |
title_short |
An early sequential bilingual methodology for three to five-year-old children from public early childhood development centers |
title_full |
An early sequential bilingual methodology for three to five-year-old children from public early childhood development centers |
title_fullStr |
An early sequential bilingual methodology for three to five-year-old children from public early childhood development centers |
title_full_unstemmed |
An early sequential bilingual methodology for three to five-year-old children from public early childhood development centers |
title_sort |
An early sequential bilingual methodology for three to five-year-old children from public early childhood development centers |
dc.creator.fl_str_mv |
González Marín, Clara Inés Arias Castaño, Enrique Durango Isaza, Diana Carolina Garzón Ríos, John Sebastián Rodríguez López, Ana Isabel |
dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv |
González Marín, Clara Inés Arias Castaño, Enrique Durango Isaza, Diana Carolina Garzón Ríos, John Sebastián Rodríguez López, Ana Isabel |
dc.subject.ddc.none.fl_str_mv |
370 - Educación |
topic |
370 - Educación Inglés - Adquisición Lenguaje y lenguas Educación bilingüe Lenguaje y lenguas Enseñanza – Método bilingüe Ingles - Enseñanza – Método bilingüe Lengua inglesa – Estudio y Enseñanza (preescolar) Adquisición de segundo lenguaje Desarrollo del lenguaje en niños |
dc.subject.armarc.none.fl_str_mv |
Inglés - Adquisición Lenguaje y lenguas Educación bilingüe |
dc.subject.proposal.spa.fl_str_mv |
Lenguaje y lenguas Enseñanza – Método bilingüe Ingles - Enseñanza – Método bilingüe Lengua inglesa – Estudio y Enseñanza (preescolar) Adquisición de segundo lenguaje Desarrollo del lenguaje en niños |
description |
: figuras, tablas |
publishDate |
2018 |
dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv |
2018 |
dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv |
2024-11-27T21:48:45Z |
dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv |
2024-11-27T21:48:45Z |
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv |
Libro |
dc.type.version.none.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion |
dc.type.coar.none.fl_str_mv |
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2f33 |
dc.type.content.none.fl_str_mv |
Text |
dc.type.driver.none.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/book |
format |
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2f33 |
status_str |
acceptedVersion |
dc.identifier.isbn.none.fl_str_mv |
978-958-722-331-6 |
dc.identifier.uri.none.fl_str_mv |
https://hdl.handle.net/11059/15518 |
dc.identifier.eisbn.none.fl_str_mv |
978-958-722-677-5 |
dc.identifier.doi.none.fl_str_mv |
https://doi.org/10.22517/9789587226775 |
dc.identifier.instname.none.fl_str_mv |
Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira |
dc.identifier.reponame.none.fl_str_mv |
Repositorio Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira |
dc.identifier.repourl.none.fl_str_mv |
https://repositorio.utp.edu.co/home |
identifier_str_mv |
978-958-722-331-6 978-958-722-677-5 Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira Repositorio Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira |
url |
https://hdl.handle.net/11059/15518 https://doi.org/10.22517/9789587226775 https://repositorio.utp.edu.co/home |
dc.language.iso.none.fl_str_mv |
eng |
language |
eng |
dc.relation.references.none.fl_str_mv |
1. Arias, E. (2017). Translingüismo y aprendizaje integrado de lengua y contenido como modelo de educación bilingüe dinámica. (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle. net/11059/8433 2. Arias, E., Atehortúa, Y., Chacón, Y., Giraldo, J., Tamayo, L., Vélez, D., & Vidal, M. (2015). Propuesta metodológica para la primera infancia bilingüe en un centro de desarrollo infantil. (Propuesta piloto). Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira. 3. Adler, P. A., & Adler, P. (1994). Observational techniques. In N. K. Denzin & Y. S. Lincoln (Eds.), Handbook of qualitative research (pp. 377-392). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. 4. Ashworth, M., & Wakefield, P. (2005). Teaching the world’s children: ESL for ages three to seven. English Teaching Forum, 43(1), 1-7. 5. Baetens Beardsmore, H. (1986). Bilingualism: Basic Principles (2nd ed.). England: Multilingual Matters. 6. Baker, C. (2011). Foundations of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism. (5th ed.). Clevedon: Multilingual Matters. 7. Baker, C. (2014). Parents’ and teachers’ guide to bilingualism: 4th edition (4th ed.). Channel View Publications. 8. Beardsmore, H. B. (1986). Bilingualism: Basic Principles (2nd ed.). England: Multilingual Matters. 9. Bialystok, E. (2001). Bilingualism in development: Language, literacy, and cognition. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. 10. Bialystok, E. (1997). The structure of age: In search of barriers to second language acquisition. Second Language Research, 13(2), 116-137. 11. Bialystok, E., & Hakuta, K. (1994). In other words: The psychology and science of second language acquisition. New York: Basic Books. 12. Bogdan, R., & Taylor, S. J. (1998). Introduction to qualitative research methods: A guidebook and resources (3rd ed.). New York: John Wiley & Sons. 13. Brinton, D.M. (2001). The use of media in language teaching. In M, Celce- Murcia (Ed.), Teaching English as a Second or Foreign Language (3rd ed., pp.459- 475). Boston: Heinle and Heinle. 14. Brown, H. D. (2000). Teaching by principles: An interactive approach to language pedagogy (3rd ed.). White Plains, NY: Pearson Education. 15. Bruner, J. (1983). Child’s talk: Learning to use language. NY: Norton. 16. Bruner, J. (1960, 1977). The process of education. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. 17. Budden, J. (2004). Using flashcards with young learners. Retrieved from https:// www.teachingenglish.org.uk/article/using-flash-cards 18. Chomsky, N. (1965). Aspects of the theory of syntax. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. 19. Chen, J. (2007). Flow in Games (and Everything Else). Communications of the ACM. 50(4), 31-34. 20. Chuang, H. Y. (2007). The study of foreign language anxiety, English learning motivation and strategies in the elementary school. (Unpublished master’s thesis). National Chiayi University, Chiayi, Taiwan. 21. Cole, M. (1998). Can cultural psychology help us think about diversity? Mind, Culture & Activity, 5(4), 291–304 22. Cole, M. (1999). Psicología Cultural. Madrid: Morata. 23. Collier, V. P. (1995). Second language for school: Academic, cognitive, sociocultural, and linguistic processes. Georgetown University Roundtable on Languages and Linguistics. Georgetown University Press: Washington, DC. 24. Connolly, C. (2005). Story books in the classroom. Teaching English. Retrieved from 25. https://www.teachingEnglish.org.uk/article/story-books-classroom 26. Crystal, D. (2003). The Cambridge encyclopedia of language (2nd ed.). Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press. DANE. (2005-2006). Censo de población y vivienda. Bogotá, D.C. - Colombia. Retrieved from http://www. dane.gov.co/files/censo2005/PERFIL_PDF_CG2005/66000T7T000.PDF 27. Dörnyei, Z. (2007). Research methods in applied linguistics. New York: Oxford University Press. 28. Durango, D. C., & González, C. I. (2017). Implementation of songs and stories in an early sequential bilingual model during the early years. In M. L. Cárdenas & N. M. Basurto Santos (Eds.), Investigación research recherche en lenguas extranjeras y lingüística aplicada (pp. 303-329). Bogotá D.C., Colombia: Universidad Nacional de Colombia. 29. Durango, D. C., González, C. I., & Arias, E. D. (2018). Implementation of audiovisual material in an early sequential bilingual model during the early years. GiST Education and Learning Research Journal, (16), 76-99. doi:10.26817/16925777.426 30. Ellis, G., & Brewster, J. (2014). Tell it again: The storytelling handbook for primary English language teachers. London: British Council. 31. Emberley, E. R. (1993).Go away, big green monster. London: Little Brown Book Group. 32. Espinosa, L. (2010a). Getting it right for young children from diverse backgrounds. Boston: Pearson Learning Solutions. 33. Espinosa, L. (2010b). Language and literacy development for all children, bilingual and monolingual. In V. Washington, & J. D. Andrews (Eds.), Children of 2020: Creating a Better Tomorrow. Washington DC: Children of 2020. 34. Ersoz, A. (2000). Six games for the EFL/ESL classroom. The Internet TESL Journal, 6(6). Retrieved from http:// iteslj.org/Lessons/Ersoz-Games 35. García, O., Johnson, S. I., & Seltzer, K. (2017). The translanguaging classroom: Leveraging student. Philadelphia, PA: Caslon Publishing. 36. García, O., Makar, C., Starcevic, M., & Terry, A. (2011). The translanguaging of Latino kindergarteners. In K. Potowski & J. Rothman (Eds.), Bilingual youth: Spanish in English-speaking societies (pp. 33-55). Amsterdam: John Benjamins. 37. García, O., & Li, W. (2014). Translanguaging: Language, bilingualism and education. London: Palgrave Macmillan. 38. Genesee, F. H. (2009). Early childhood bilingualism: Perils and possibilities. Journal of Applied Research on Learning, 2(2), 1-21. 39. Genesee, F. H., Paradis, J., & Crago, M. B. (2004). Dual language development and disorders: A handbook on bilingualism and second language learning. Baltimore, MD: Paul H. Brooks Publishing. 40. Gerring, J. (2007). Case study research: Principles and practices. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 41. Gobernación de Risaralda. (2011). Plan de atención integral a la primera infancia del departamento de Risaralda “primera infancia prioridad y sentimiento de todos”. Risaralda -Colombia. Retrieved fromhttp://studylib.es/doc/7990676/pai- risaralda---colombia- aprende 42. Gold, R. L. (1958). Roles in sociological field observations. Social Forces, 36(3), 217–223. 43. Halliday, M. A. K. (1978). Language as social semiotic: The social interpretation of language and meaning. London: Edward Arnold. 44. Halliday, M. A. K. (1993). Towards a language-based theory of learning. Linguistics and Education, 5, 93-116. 45. Halliwell, S. (1992). Teaching English in the Primary Classroom. Longman Publishing. New York. 46. Hancock, B., Ockleford, E., & Windridge, K. (2009). An introduction to qualitative research. National Institute for Health Research. The NIHR Research Design Service for the East Midlands. 47. Hansen, L. (2006). Strategies for ELL success. Science and Children, 43(4), 22-25. 48. Irwin, L. G., Siddiqi, A., & Hertzman, C. (2007). Early child development: A powerful equalizer. OMS. Retrieved from http://apps.who.int/iris/ bitstream/10665/69729/1/a91213.pdf 49. Isbell, R. T. (2002). Telling and retelling stories: Learning language and literacy. Young Children, 57, 26-30. Retrieved from http://www.naeyc.org/yc/ pastissues/2002/march 50. Karmiloff, K., & Karmiloff-Smith, K. (2002). Pathways to language: From fetus to adolescent (the developing child). Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. 51. Krashen, S. (1981). Second language acquisition and second language learning. Oxford, UK: Pergamon Press. 52. Lasagabaster, D., & García, O. (2014). Translanguaging towards a dynamic model of bilingualism at school/ Translanguaging: hacia un modelo dinámico de bilingüismo en la escuela. Universidad del País Vasco. Retrieved from https:// ofeliagarciadotorg.files.wordpress.com/2011/02/lasagabaster-and-garcia.pdf 53. Lenneberg, E. H. (1967). Biological Foundations of Language. New York, NY: John Wiley. 54. McClannahan, L. E., & Krantz, P J. (1999). Activity schedules for children with autism: Teaching independent behavior. Bethesda, MD: Woodbine House. 55. McLaughlin, B. (1984-1985). Second language acquisition in early childhood: Preschool children. Vol.1-2. Hillsdale, NY: Erlbaum. 56. Meisel, J. (2004). The bilingual child. In T. K. Bhatia & W. C. Ritchie (Eds.), The handbook of bilingualism (pp. 91-113). Oxford: Blackwell. 57. Merriam, S. B. (1998). Qualitative research and case study applications in education. SanFrancisco, CA: Jossey-Bass. 58. Merriam, S. B. (2009). Qualitative research: A guide to design and implementation (2nd ed.).San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass. 59. Ministerio de Educación Nacional. (2009): Documento, N° 10. - Desarrollo infantil y competencias en la primera infancia. Bogotá, D.C. - Colombia. 60. Ministerio de Educación Nacional. (2010). Programa bilingüe de atención integral al niño sordo menor de cinco años. Bogotá, D.C. - Colombia. 61. Ministerio de Educación Nacional. (2013). Orientaciones para la implementación de proyectos de fortalecimiento de inglés en las entidades territoriales. Bogotá, D.C. - Colombia. 62. Ministerio de Educación Nacional. (2014). Sentido de la educación inicial. Bogotá, D.C. - Colombia. 63. Ministerio de Educación Nacional. (2015). Colombia Very Well! Programa nacional de inglés 2015-2025. Bogotá, D.C. - Colombia. 64. Ministerio de Educación Nacional. (2017). DBA y Currículo: Transición y primaria. Bogotá,D.C. - Colombia. Retrieved from h ttp://aprende. colombiaaprende.edu.co/colombiabilingue/94013 65. Mukherjee, N. & Roy, D. (2003). A visual context-aware multimodal system for spoken language processing. doi:10.1.1.13.9729. Retrieved from https://pdfs. semanticscholar.org/eda8/43e744a79a655bc06a5c86468ab2e21cd869.pdf 66. Murphey, T. (1992). Music and song. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press. 67. Ong’anya, G. V., & Ododa, H. O. (2009). Questionnaire as a data collection instrument, Nairobi, Kenya. 68. Patton, M. Q. (2002). Qualitative research and evaluation methods (3rd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications. 69. Piaget, J. (1969). Biología y conocimiento. (3a. ed.). Madrid: Siglo XXI. 70. Pinker, S. (1994). El instinto del lenguaje: cómo crea el lenguaje la mente. Trad. José Manuel Igoa Gonzáles (2005). Madrid: Alianza. 71. Pound, L. (2005). How children learn. London: Step Forward Publishing, Ltd. 72. Purcell, J., Lee, M., & Biffin, J. (2006). Supporting bilingual children in early childhood. Learning Links: Helping Kids Learn. Retrieved from https://www. learninglinks.org.au/supporting-bilingual-children-in-early-childhood/ 73. Plass, J. L., Chun, D. M., & Leutner, D. (1998). Supporting visual and verbal learning preferences in a second-language multimedia learning environment. Journal of educational psychology, 90(1), 25-35. 74. Rea-Dickins, P. & Rixon, S. (1997). The assessment of young learners of English as a foreign language. In C. Clapham & D. Carson (Eds.), Encyclopedia of language and education: Language testing and assessment (Vol. 7, pp. 151-161.) The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers. 75. Rodao, E. (2011). Hacia el Diseño de una Propuesta Pedagógica para la Enseñanza de Inglés a Niños de 3 a 5 Años del Centro de Desarrollo Integral: “Semillas de Vida”. (Undergraduate thesis). Retrieved from Repositorio Institucional - Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá. (http://hdl.handle.net/10554/5922) Roseberry-McKibbin, C., & Brice, A. (2000). Acquiring English as a second language: What’s “normal”, what’s not. The ASHA Leader, 5(12), 4-7. 77. Salgado, D., & Beltrán, D. (2010). Aprendizaje de la segunda lengua en edad preescolar: Estrategias didácticas para la enseñanza en el aula. (Undergraduate thesis). Retrieved from Repositorio Institucional - Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá. (http://hdl.handle.net/10554/6665) 78. Sharpe, K. (2001). Modern foreign languages in the primary school: The what, why and how of early MFL teaching. London: Kogan Page. 79. Tamayo, L., Vélez, D. E., & Vidal, M. (2015). Analysis of a Methodological Proposal for Bilingual Early Childhood in a Public Child Development Center. (Undergraduate thesis). Retrieved from Repositorio Institucional - Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira. (http://hdl.handle.net/11059/5070) 80. Titone, R. (1972). Bilinguismo precoce e educazione bilingue. Rome: Armando. 81. United Nations. (1990). Human rights: Conventions of the rights of the child. Recuperado de https://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails. aspx?src=IND&mtdsg_no=IV11&chapter=4 &lang=en#EndDec 82. United Nations, Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (2012). Expanding equitable early childhood care and education is an urgent need. The Education for All Global Monitoring Report, 3, 1-9. Recuperado de http://www.unesco.org/ulis/cgi-bin/ulis. pl?catno=216038&set=00560AED5A_0_131&gp=1&lin=1&ll=s 83. Vygotsky, L. S. (1978). Mind in society: The development of higher psychological processes (M. Cole, V. John-Steiner, S. Scribner & E. Souberman., Eds.) (A. R. Luria, M. Lopez-Morillas & M. Cole [with J. V. Wertsch], Trans.) Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. (Original manuscripts [ca. 1930- 1934]) 84. Wallace, M. (1998). Action research for language teachers. Cambridge: Cambridge University 85. Press. 86. Weber, R. P. (1990). Basic content analysis. Newbury Park, CA: Sage. 87. Weinreich, U. (1953). Languages in contact. Findings and problems. New York, NY: Linguistic Circle of New York. 88. World Health Organization (2008) Human rights, health and poverty reduction strategies. Health and Human Rights Publications Series, 5. Recuperado de http:// www.who.int/hdp/publications/human_rights.pdf 89. Wright, A. (1990). Pictures for Language Learning. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Wright, A., & Haleem, S. (1996). Visuals for the Language Classroom. Essex: Longman Group UK Limited. 90. Yin, R. K. (2009). Case study research: Design and methods (4th ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications. 91. Zheng, M. H. (2008). Game in the primary English teaching. (Unpublished master’s thesis). Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing province, China. |
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Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0)Manifiesto (Manifestamos) en este documento la voluntad de autorizar a la Biblioteca Jorge Roa Martínez de la Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira la publicación en el Repositorio institucional (http://biblioteca.utp.edu.co), la versión electrónica de la OBRA titulada: La Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira, entidad académica sin ánimo de lucro, queda por lo tanto facultada para ejercer plenamente la autorización anteriormente descrita en su actividad ordinaria de investigación, docencia y publicación. La autorización otorgada se ajusta a lo que establece la Ley 23 de 1982. Con todo, en mi (nuestra) condición de autor (es) me (nos) reservo (reservamos) los derechos morales de la OBRA antes citada con arreglo al artículo 30 de la Ley 23 de 1982. En concordancia suscribo (suscribimos) este documento en el momento mismo que hago (hacemos) entrega de mi (nuestra) OBRA a la Biblioteca “Jorge Roa Martínez” de la Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira. Manifiesto (manifestamos) que la OBRA objeto de la presente autorizaciónhttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessGonzález Marín, Clara InésArias Castaño, EnriqueDurango Isaza, Diana CarolinaGarzón Ríos, John SebastiánRodríguez López, Ana Isabel2024-11-27T21:48:45Z2024-11-27T21:48:45Z2018978-958-722-331-6https://hdl.handle.net/11059/15518978-958-722-677-5https://doi.org/10.22517/9789587226775Universidad Tecnológica de PereiraRepositorio Universidad Tecnológica de Pereirahttps://repositorio.utp.edu.co/home: figuras, tablasThis research emerged from the need of consolidating a meaningful bilingual methodology for children from three- to five-years-of-age from low socioeconomic backgrounds belonging to the public education system, where they could start learning English and Spanish by means of a bilingual methodology that provides them with the same opportunities as middle to high class children. Its aim is to implement an Early Sequential Bilingual Methodology Model in a public Early Childhood Development Center - ECDC (Centro de Desarrollo Infantil - CDI), collect data from class observations, student’s responses, teachers and English teachers’ views as well as parents’ perceptions, to consolidate the model, contributing to the modification of the actual Colombian bilingual policy so to include early childhood. Likewise, it will provide children with new opportunities to develop higher cognitive and neuronal skills that can maximize their academic performance throughout their school years. This present Early Sequential Bilingual Model is a descriptive case study funded by the Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira and was implemented in a public ECDC (CDI) in Pereira (Risaralda-Colombia) based on the bilingual methodological proposals portrayed by Rodao (2011) and Arias et al. (2015). This research project depicts and systematizes the most predominant methodological techniques used when teaching English at public ECDCs (CDIs) and interprets their effectiveness based on the data collected from surveys, interviews, observations and field notes, as well as early childhood teachers, researchers, English teachers and parents’ perceptions towards the methodology and implementation.PRESENTATION - 9- 13 1.1. Research Questions - 18 1.2. Objectives - 18 1.2.1. General objective - 18 1.2.2. Specific objectives - 19 2. THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK - 21 2.1. Conceptual Framework - 23 2.1.1. Early childhood - 23 2.1.2. Language acquisition theories - 26 2.1.2.1. First language acquisition (L1) - 26 2.1.2.2. Second language acquisition (L2) - 28 2.1.3. Early childhood education for bilingualism - 30 2.1.4. Early sequential bilingual education during early childhood - 35 2.1.5. Strategies that foster early sequential bilingualism during the early years - 38 2.2. Literature Review - 43 3. METHODOLOGY - 49 3.1. Type of Research - 51 3.2. Type of Study - 52 3.3. Context - 52 3.4. Setting - 53 3.5. Participants - 54 3.5.1. Children - 54 3.5.2. Early childhood in-service teaching staff - 54 3.5.2.1. Early childhood in-service teachers - 55 3.5.2.2. Early childhood in-service teaching assistants - 55 3.5.3. Bilingual pre-service educators - 55 3.5.4. Parents - 55 3.6. Researchers’ Roles - 56 3.7. Data Collection (Methods/Instruments) - 57 3.7.1. Interviews - 57 3.7.2. Surveys - 58 3.7.3. Observations - 58 3.8. Data Analysis - 59 3.9. Ethical Considerations and Others - 61 4. FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION - 65 4.1. An Early Sequential Bilingual Model during the Early Years: Didactics and Methodology - 67 4.1.1. Bilingual educators’ strategies conditioned children’s responses - 68 4.1.1.1. Flashcards - 68 4.1.1.2. Games - 76 4.1.1.3. Songs - 80 4.1.1.4. Videos - 84 4.1.2. Bilingual educators’ use of storytelling and story reading as strategies to foster early sequential bilingualism - 87 4.1.2.1. Eliciting and prompting - 92 4.1.2.1.1. Eliciting advantages - 92 4.1.2.1.2. Eliciting drawbacks - 99 4.1.2.2. Nonverbal communication - 101 4.1.2.2.1. Nonverbal communication advantages - 101 4.1.2.2.2. Lack of nonverbal communication - 103 4.1.2.3. Prosodic features - 104 4.1.3. The translingual early childhood classroom - 106 5. CONCLUSIONS - 119 6. IMPLICATIONS - 125 6.1. Pedagogical Implications - 127 6.2. Research Implications - 129 7. LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY - 131 References - 135 Appendix A1 - 141 Appendix A2 - 142 Appendix A3 - 144 Appendix B1 - 145 Appendix B2 -146 Appendix C - 148 Appendix D - 154 Appendix E - 156158 páginasapplication/pdfengUniversidad Tecnológica de PereiraPereira370 - EducaciónInglés - AdquisiciónLenguaje y lenguasEducación bilingüeLenguaje y lenguasEnseñanza – Método bilingüeIngles - Enseñanza – Método bilingüeLengua inglesa – Estudio y Enseñanza (preescolar)Adquisición de segundo lenguajeDesarrollo del lenguaje en niñosAn early sequential bilingual methodology for three to five-year-old children from public early childhood development centersLibroinfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersionhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2f33Textinfo:eu-repo/semantics/book1. Arias, E. (2017). Translingüismo y aprendizaje integrado de lengua y contenido como modelo de educación bilingüe dinámica. (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira. 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Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing province, China.PublicationORIGINALAn early sequential bilingual methodology for three to five-year-old children from public early childhood development centers.pdfAn early sequential bilingual methodology for three to five-year-old children from public early childhood development centers.pdfapplication/pdf4318441https://repositorio.utp.edu.co/bitstreams/6fd5c27b-dbcc-4608-be0c-7dcedd111bc6/download702ea5818823fd06ed35355dc4d24ce5MD51LICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-815543https://repositorio.utp.edu.co/bitstreams/4ea8b176-9742-4427-a718-dcbec933bf07/download73a5432e0b76442b22b026844140d683MD52THUMBNAILImagen16.pngimage/png469186https://repositorio.utp.edu.co/bitstreams/f70eaeed-373f-4bdb-a824-e588a06bbbdb/downloadcb5b1d73f0c9910ffae04e10f74914f4MD53An early sequential bilingual methodology for three to five-year-old children from public early childhood development centers.pdf.jpgAn early sequential bilingual methodology for three to five-year-old children from public early childhood development centers.pdf.jpgGenerated Thumbnailimage/jpeg14045https://repositorio.utp.edu.co/bitstreams/8afbe9c5-2ef7-4680-b2aa-7337e897f73b/download3956a8f7a2111416537049f184f55490MD55TEXTAn early sequential bilingual methodology for three to five-year-old children from public early childhood development centers.pdf.txtAn early sequential bilingual methodology for three to five-year-old children from public early childhood development centers.pdf.txtExtracted texttext/plain100895https://repositorio.utp.edu.co/bitstreams/d60855af-a273-4fe1-af27-16a16e10116f/download73848e0418e026250496b7ae88560f97MD5411059/15518oai:repositorio.utp.edu.co:11059/155182024-12-04 07:10:32.42https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/Manifiesto (Manifestamos) en este documento la voluntad de autorizar a la Biblioteca Jorge Roa Martínez de la Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira la publicación en el Repositorio institucional (http://biblioteca.utp.edu.co), la versión electrónica de la OBRA titulada: La Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira, entidad académica sin ánimo de lucro, queda por lo tanto facultada para ejercer plenamente la autorización anteriormente descrita en su actividad ordinaria de investigación, docencia y publicación. La autorización otorgada se ajusta a lo que establece la Ley 23 de 1982. Con todo, en mi (nuestra) condición de autor (es) me (nos) reservo (reservamos) los derechos morales de la OBRA antes citada con arreglo al artículo 30 de la Ley 23 de 1982. En concordancia suscribo (suscribimos) este documento en el momento mismo que hago (hacemos) entrega de mi (nuestra) OBRA a la Biblioteca “Jorge Roa Martínez” de la Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira. Manifiesto (manifestamos) que la OBRA objeto de la presente autorizaciónopen.accesshttps://repositorio.utp.edu.coRepositorio de la Universidad Tecnológica de 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F1dG9yKSBwYXJhIGVqZXJjZXIgZXN0b3MgZGVyZWNob3Mgc29icmUgbGEgT2JyYSB0YWwgeSBjb21vIHNlIGluZGljYSBhIGNvbnRpbnVhY2nDs246PC9wPgogICAgPG9sIHR5cGU9ImEiPgogICAgICA8bGk+UmVwcm9kdWNpciBsYSBPYnJhLCBpbmNvcnBvcmFyIGxhIE9icmEgZW4gdW5hIG8gbcOhcyBPYnJhcyBDb2xlY3RpdmFzLCB5IHJlcHJvZHVjaXIgbGEgT2JyYSBpbmNvcnBvcmFkYSBlbiBsYXMgT2JyYXMgQ29sZWN0aXZhcy48L2xpPgogICAgICA8bGk+RGlzdHJpYnVpciBjb3BpYXMgbyBmb25vZ3JhbWFzIGRlIGxhcyBPYnJhcywgZXhoaWJpcmxhcyBww7pibGljYW1lbnRlLCBlamVjdXRhcmxhcyBww7pibGljYW1lbnRlIHkvbyBwb25lcmxhcyBhIGRpc3Bvc2ljacOzbiBww7pibGljYSwgaW5jbHV5w6luZG9sYXMgY29tbyBpbmNvcnBvcmFkYXMgZW4gT2JyYXMgQ29sZWN0aXZhcywgc2Vnw7puIGNvcnJlc3BvbmRhLjwvbGk+CiAgICAgIDxsaT5EaXN0cmlidWlyIGNvcGlhcyBkZSBsYXMgT2JyYXMgRGVyaXZhZGFzIHF1ZSBzZSBnZW5lcmVuLCBleGhpYmlybGFzIHDDumJsaWNhbWVudGUsIGVqZWN1dGFybGFzIHDDumJsaWNhbWVudGUgeS9vIHBvbmVybGFzIGEgZGlzcG9zaWNpw7NuIHDDumJsaWNhLjwvbGk+CiAgICA8L29sPgogICAgPHA+TG9zIGRlcmVjaG9zIG1lbmNpb25hZG9zIGFudGVyaW9ybWVudGUgcHVlZGVuIHNlciBlamVyY2lkb3MgZW4gdG9kb3MgbG9zIG1lZGlvcyB5IGZvcm1hdG9zLCBhY3R1YWxtZW50ZSBjb25vY2lkb3MgbyBxdWUgc2UgaW52ZW50ZW4gZW4gZWwgZnV0dXJvLiBMb3MgZGVyZWNob3MgYW50ZXMgbWVuY2lvbmFkb3MgaW5jbHV5ZW4gZWwgZGVyZWNobyBhIHJlYWxpemFyIGRpY2hhcyBtb2RpZmljYWNpb25lcyBlbiBsYSBtZWRpZGEgcXVlIHNlYW4gdMOpY25pY2FtZW50ZSBuZWNlc2FyaWFzIHBhcmEgZWplcmNlciBsb3MgZGVyZWNob3MgZW4gb3RybyBtZWRpbyBvIGZvcm1hdG9zLCBwZXJvIGRlIG90cmEgbWFuZXJhIHVzdGVkIG5vIGVzdMOhIGF1dG9yaXphZG8gcGFyYSByZWFsaXphciBvYnJhcyBkZXJpdmFkYXMuIFRvZG9zIGxvcyBkZXJlY2hvcyBubyBvdG9yZ2Fkb3MgZXhwcmVzYW1lbnRlIHBvciBlbCBMaWNlbmNpYW50ZSBxdWVkYW4gcG9yIGVzdGUgbWVkaW8gcmVzZXJ2YWRvcywgaW5jbHV5ZW5kbyBwZXJvIHNpbiBsaW1pdGFyc2UgYSBhcXVlbGxvcyBxdWUgc2UgbWVuY2lvbmFuIGVuIGxhcyBzZWNjaW9uZXMgNChkKSB5IDQoZSkuPC9wPgogIDwvbGk+CiAgPGJyLz4KICA8bGk+CiAgICBSZXN0cmljY2lvbmVzLgogICAgPHA+TGEgbGljZW5jaWEgb3RvcmdhZGEgZW4gbGEgYW50ZXJpb3IgU2VjY2nDs24gMyBlc3TDoSBleHByZXNhbWVudGUgc3VqZXRhIHkgbGltaXRhZGEgcG9yIGxhcyBzaWd1aWVudGVzIHJlc3RyaWNjaW9uZXM6PC9wPgogICAgPG9sIHR5cGU9ImEiPgogICAgICA8bGk+VXN0ZWQgcHVlZGUgZGlzdHJpYnVpciwgZXhoaWJpciBww7pibGljYW1lbnRlLCBlamVjdXRhciBww7pibGljYW1lbnRlLCBvIHBvbmVyIGEgZGlzcG9zaWNpw7NuIHDDumJsaWNhIGxhIE9icmEgc8OzbG8gYmFqbyBsYXMgY29uZGljaW9uZXMgZGUgZXN0YSBMaWNlbmNpYSwgeSBVc3RlZCBkZWJlIGluY2x1aXIgdW5hIGNvcGlhIGRlIGVzdGEgbGljZW5jaWEgbyBkZWwgSWRlbnRpZmljYWRvciBVbml2ZXJzYWwgZGUgUmVjdXJzb3MgZGUgbGEgbWlzbWEgY29uIGNhZGEgY29waWEgZGUgbGEgT2JyYSBxdWUgZGlzdHJpYnV5YSwgZXhoaWJhIHDDumJsaWNhbWVudGUsIGVqZWN1dGUgcMO6YmxpY2FtZW50ZSBvIHBvbmdhIGEgZGlzcG9zaWNpw7NuIHDDumJsaWNhLiBObyBlcyBwb3NpYmxlIG9mcmVjZXIgbyBpbXBvbmVyIG5pbmd1bmEgY29uZGljacOzbiBzb2JyZSBsYSBPYnJhIHF1ZSBhbHRlcmUgbyBsaW1pdGUgbGFzIGNvbmRpY2lvbmVzIGRlIGVzdGEgTGljZW5jaWEgbyBlbCBlamVyY2ljaW8gZGUgbG9zIGRlcmVjaG9zIGRlIGxvcyBkZXN0aW5hdGFyaW9zIG90b3JnYWRvcyBlbiBlc3RlIGRvY3VtZW50by4gTm8gZXMgcG9zaWJsZSBzdWJsaWNlbmNpYXIgbGEgT2JyYS4gVXN0ZWQgZGViZSBtYW50ZW5lciBpbnRhY3RvcyB0b2RvcyBsb3MgYXZpc29zIHF1ZSBoYWdhbiByZWZlcmVuY2lhIGEgZXN0YSBMaWNlbmNpYSB5IGEgbGEgY2zDoXVzdWxhIGRlIGxpbWl0YWNpw7NuIGRlIGdhcmFudMOtYXMuIFVzdGVkIG5vIHB1ZWRlIGRpc3RyaWJ1aXIsIGV4aGliaXIgcMO6YmxpY2FtZW50ZSwgZWplY3V0YXIgcMO6YmxpY2FtZW50ZSwgbyBwb25lciBhIGRpc3Bvc2ljacOzbiBww7pibGljYSBsYSBPYnJhIGNvbiBhbGd1bmEgbWVkaWRhIHRlY25vbMOzZ2ljYSBxdWUgY29udHJvbGUgZWwgYWNjZXNvIG8gbGEgdXRpbGl6YWNpw7NuIGRlIGVsbGEgZGUgdW5hIGZvcm1hIHF1ZSBzZWEgaW5jb25zaXN0ZW50ZSBjb24gbGFzIGNvbmRpY2lvbmVzIGRlIGVzdGEgTGljZW5jaWEuIExvIGFudGVyaW9yIHNlIGFwbGljYSBhIGxhIE9icmEgaW5jb3Jwb3JhZGEgYSB1bmEgT2JyYSBDb2xlY3RpdmEsIHBlcm8gZXN0byBubyBleGlnZSBxdWUgbGEgT2JyYSBDb2xlY3RpdmEgYXBhcnRlIGRlIGxhIG9icmEgbWlzbWEgcXVlZGUgc3VqZXRhIGEgbGFzIGNvbmRpY2lvbmVzIGRlIGVzdGEgTGljZW5jaWEuIFNpIFVzdGVkIGNyZWEgdW5hIE9icmEgQ29sZWN0aXZhLCBwcmV2aW8gYXZpc28gZGUgY3VhbHF1aWVyIExpY2VuY2lhbnRlIGRlYmUsIGVuIGxhIG1lZGlkYSBkZSBsbyBwb3NpYmxlLCBlbGltaW5hciBkZSBsYSBPYnJhIENvbGVjdGl2YSBjdWFscXVpZXIgcmVmZXJlbmNpYSBhIGRpY2hvIExpY2VuY2lhbnRlIG8gYWwgQXV0b3IgT3JpZ2luYWwsIHNlZ8O6biBsbyBzb2xpY2l0YWRvIHBvciBlbCBMaWNlbmNpYW50ZSB5IGNvbmZvcm1lIGxvIGV4aWdlIGxhIGNsw6F1c3VsYSA0KGMpLjwvbGk+CiAgICAgIDxsaT5Vc3RlZCBubyBwdWVkZSBlamVyY2VyIG5pbmd1bm8gZGUgbG9zIGRlcmVjaG9zIHF1ZSBsZSBoYW4gc2lkbyBvdG9yZ2Fkb3MgZW4gbGEgU2VjY2nDs24gMyBwcmVjZWRlbnRlIGRlIG1vZG8gcXVlIGVzdMOpbiBwcmluY2lwYWxtZW50ZSBkZXN0aW5hZG9zIG8gZGlyZWN0YW1lbnRlIGRpcmlnaWRvcyBhIGNvbnNlZ3VpciB1biBwcm92ZWNobyBjb21lcmNpYWwgbyB1bmEgY29tcGVuc2FjacOzbiBtb25ldGFyaWEgcHJpdmFkYS4gRWwgaW50ZXJjYW1iaW8gZGUgbGEgT2JyYSBwb3Igb3RyYXMgb2JyYXMgcHJvdGVnaWRhcyBwb3IgZGVyZWNob3MgZGUgYXV0b3IsIHlhIHNlYSBhIHRyYXbDqXMgZGUgdW4gc2lzdGVtYSBwYXJhIGNvbXBhcnRpciBhcmNoaXZvcyBkaWdpdGFsZXMgKGRpZ2l0YWwgZmlsZS1zaGFyaW5nKSBvIGRlIGN1YWxxdWllciBvdHJhIG1hbmVyYSBubyBzZXLDoSBjb25zaWRlcmFkbyBjb21vIGVzdGFyIGRlc3RpbmFkbyBwcmluY2lwYWxtZW50ZSBvIGRpcmlnaWRvIGRpcmVjdGFtZW50ZSBhIGNvbnNlZ3VpciB1biBwcm92ZWNobyBjb21lcmNpYWwgbyB1bmEgY29tcGVuc2FjacOzbiBtb25ldGFyaWEgcHJpdmFkYSwgc2llbXByZSBxdWUgbm8gc2UgcmVhbGljZSB1biBwYWdvIG1lZGlhbnRlIHVuYSBjb21wZW5zYWNpw7NuIG1vbmV0YXJpYSBlbiByZWxhY2nDs24gY29uIGVsIGludGVyY2FtYmlvIGRlIG9icmFzIHByb3RlZ2lkYXMgcG9yIGVsIGRlcmVjaG8gZGUgYXV0b3IuPC9saT4KICAgICAgPGxpPlNpIHVzdGVkIGRpc3RyaWJ1eWUsIGV4aGliZSBww7pibGljYW1lbnRlLCBlamVjdXRhIHDDumJsaWNhbWVudGUgbyBlamVjdXRhIHDDumJsaWNhbWVudGUgZW4gZm9ybWEgZGlnaXRhbCBsYSBPYnJhIG8gY3VhbHF1aWVyIE9icmEgRGVyaXZhZGEgdSBPYnJhIENvbGVjdGl2YSwgVXN0ZWQgZGViZSBtYW50ZW5lciBpbnRhY3RhIHRvZGEgbGEgaW5mb3JtYWNpw7NuIGRlIGRlcmVjaG8gZGUgYXV0b3IgZGUgbGEgT2JyYSB5IHByb3BvcmNpb25hciwgZGUgZm9ybWEgcmF6b25hYmxlIHNlZ8O6biBlbCBtZWRpbyBvIG1hbmVyYSBxdWUgVXN0ZWQgZXN0w6kgdXRpbGl6YW5kbzogKGkpIGVsIG5vbWJyZSBkZWwgQXV0b3IgT3JpZ2luYWwgc2kgZXN0w6EgcHJvdmlzdG8gKG8gc2V1ZMOzbmltbywgc2kgZnVlcmUgYXBsaWNhYmxlKSwgeS9vIChpaSkgZWwgbm9tYnJlIGRlIGxhIHBhcnRlIG8gbGFzIHBhcnRlcyBxdWUgZWwgQXV0b3IgT3JpZ2luYWwgeS9vIGVsIExpY2VuY2lhbnRlIGh1YmllcmVuIGRlc2lnbmFkbyBwYXJhIGxhIGF0cmlidWNpw7NuICh2LmcuLCB1biBpbnN0aXR1dG8gcGF0cm9jaW5hZG9yLCBlZGl0b3JpYWwsIHB1YmxpY2FjacOzbikgZW4gbGEgaW5mb3JtYWNpw7NuIGRlIGxvcyBkZXJlY2hvcyBkZSBhdXRvciBkZWwgTGljZW5jaWFudGUsIHTDqXJtaW5vcyBkZSBzZXJ2aWNpb3MgbyBkZSBvdHJhcyBmb3JtYXMgcmF6b25hYmxlczsgZWwgdMOtdHVsbyBkZSBsYSBPYnJhIHNpIGVzdMOhIHByb3Zpc3RvOyBlbiBsYSBtZWRpZGEgZGUgbG8gcmF6b25hYmxlbWVudGUgZmFjdGlibGUgeSwgc2kgZXN0w6EgcHJvdmlzdG8sIGVsIElkZW50aWZpY2Fkb3IgVW5pZm9ybWUgZGUgUmVjdXJzb3MgKFVuaWZvcm0gUmVzb3VyY2UgSWRlbnRpZmllcikgcXVlIGVsIExpY2VuY2lhbnRlIGVzcGVjaWZpY2EgcGFyYSBzZXIgYXNvY2lhZG8gY29uIGxhIE9icmEsIHNhbHZvIHF1ZSB0YWwgVVJJIG5vIHNlIHJlZmllcmEgYSBsYSBub3RhIHNvYnJlIGxvcyBkZXJlY2hvcyBkZSBhdXRvciBvIGEgbGEgaW5mb3JtYWNpw7NuIHNvYnJlIGVsIGxpY2VuY2lhbWllbnRvIGRlIGxhIE9icmE7IHkgZW4gZWwgY2FzbyBkZSB1bmEgT2JyYSBEZXJpdmFkYSwgYXRyaWJ1aXIgZWwgY3LDqWRpdG8gaWRlbnRpZmljYW5kbyBlbCB1c28gZGUgbGEgT2JyYSBlbiBsYSBPYnJhIERlcml2YWRhICh2LmcuLCAiVHJhZHVjY2nDs24gRnJhbmNlc2EgZGUgbGEgT2JyYSBkZWwgQXV0b3IgT3JpZ2luYWwsIiBvICJHdWnDs24gQ2luZW1hdG9ncsOhZmljbyBiYXNhZG8gZW4gbGEgT2JyYSBvcmlnaW5hbCBkZWwgQXV0b3IgT3JpZ2luYWwiKS4gVGFsIGNyw6lkaXRvIHB1ZWRlIHNlciBpbXBsZW1lbnRhZG8gZGUgY3VhbHF1aWVyIGZvcm1hIHJhem9uYWJsZTsgZW4gZWwgY2Fzbywgc2luIGVtYmFyZ28sIGRlIE9icmFzIERlcml2YWRhcyB1IE9icmFzIENvbGVjdGl2YXMsIHRhbCBjcsOpZGl0byBhcGFyZWNlcsOhLCBjb21vIG3DrW5pbW8sIGRvbmRlIGFwYXJlY2UgZWwgY3LDqWRpdG8gZGUgY3VhbHF1aWVyIG90cm8gYXV0b3IgY29tcGFyYWJsZSB5IGRlIHVuYSBtYW5lcmEsIGFsIG1lbm9zLCB0YW4gZGVzdGFjYWRhIGNvbW8gZWwgY3LDqWRpdG8gZGUgb3RybyBhdXRvciBjb21wYXJhYmxlLjwvbGk+CiAgICAgIDxsaT4KICAgICAgICBQYXJhIGV2aXRhciB0b2RhIGNvbmZ1c2nDs24sIGVsIExpY2VuY2lhbnRlIGFjbGFyYSBxdWUsIGN1YW5kbyBsYSBvYnJhIGVzIHVuYSBjb21wb3NpY2nDs24gbXVzaWNhbDoKICAgICAgICA8b2wgdHlwZT0iaSI+CiAgICAgICAgICA8bGk+UmVnYWzDrWFzIHBvciBpbnRlcnByZXRhY2nDs24geSBlamVjdWNpw7NuIGJham8gbGljZW5jaWFzIGdlbmVyYWxlcy4gRWwgTGljZW5jaWFudGUgc2UgcmVzZXJ2YSBlbCBkZXJlY2hvIGV4Y2x1c2l2byBkZSBhdXRvcml6YXIgbGEgZWplY3VjacOzbiBww7pibGljYSBvIGxhIGVqZWN1Y2nDs24gcMO6YmxpY2EgZGlnaXRhbCBkZSBsYSBvYnJhIHkgZGUgcmVjb2xlY3Rhciwgc2VhIGluZGl2aWR1YWxtZW50ZSBvIGEgdHJhdsOpcyBkZSB1bmEgc29jaWVkYWQgZGUgZ2VzdGnDs24gY29sZWN0aXZhIGRlIGRlcmVjaG9zIGRlIGF1dG9yIHkgZGVyZWNob3MgY29uZXhvcyAocG9yIGVqZW1wbG8sIFNBWUNPKSwgbGFzIHJlZ2Fsw61hcyBwb3IgbGEgZWplY3VjacOzbiBww7pibGljYSBvIHBvciBsYSBlamVjdWNpw7NuIHDDumJsaWNhIGRpZ2l0YWwgZGUgbGEgb2JyYSAocG9yIGVqZW1wbG8gV2ViY2FzdCkgbGljZW5jaWFkYSBiYWpvIGxpY2VuY2lhcyBnZW5lcmFsZXMsIHNpIGxhIGludGVycHJldGFjacOzbiBvIGVqZWN1Y2nDs24gZGUgbGEgb2JyYSBlc3TDoSBwcmltb3JkaWFsbWVudGUgb3JpZW50YWRhIHBvciBvIGRpcmlnaWRhIGEgbGEgb2J0ZW5jacOzbiBkZSB1bmEgdmVudGFqYSBjb21lcmNpYWwgbyB1bmEgY29tcGVuc2FjacOzbiBtb25ldGFyaWEgcHJpdmFkYS48L2xpPgogICAgICAgICAgPGxpPlJlZ2Fsw61hcyBwb3IgRm9ub2dyYW1hcy4gRWwgTGljZW5jaWFudGUgc2UgcmVzZXJ2YSBlbCBkZXJlY2hvIGV4Y2x1c2l2byBkZSByZWNvbGVjdGFyLCBpbmRpdmlkdWFsbWVudGUgbyBhIHRyYXbDqXMgZGUgdW5hIHNvY2llZGFkIGRlIGdlc3Rpw7NuIGNvbGVjdGl2YSBkZSBkZXJlY2hvcyBkZSBhdXRvciB5IGRlcmVjaG9zIGNvbmV4b3MgKHBvciBlamVtcGxvLCBsb3MgY29uc2FncmFkb3MgcG9yIGxhIFNBWUNPKSwgdW5hIGFnZW5jaWEgZGUgZGVyZWNob3MgbXVzaWNhbGVzIG8gYWxnw7puIGFnZW50ZSBkZXNpZ25hZG8sIGxhcyByZWdhbMOtYXMgcG9yIGN1YWxxdWllciBmb25vZ3JhbWEgcXVlIFVzdGVkIGNyZWUgYSBwYXJ0aXIgZGUgbGEgb2JyYSAo4oCcdmVyc2nDs24gY292ZXLigJ0pIHkgZGlzdHJpYnV5YSwgZW4gbG9zIHTDqXJtaW5vcyBkZWwgcsOpZ2ltZW4gZGUgZGVyZWNob3MgZGUgYXV0b3IsIHNpIGxhIGNyZWFjacOzbiBvIGRpc3RyaWJ1Y2nDs24gZGUgZXNhIHZlcnNpw7NuIGNvdmVyIGVzdMOhIHByaW1vcmRpYWxtZW50ZSBkZXN0aW5hZGEgbyBkaXJpZ2lkYSBhIG9idGVuZXIgdW5hIHZlbnRhamEgY29tZXJjaWFsIG8gdW5hIGNvbXBlbnNhY2nDs24gbW9uZXRhcmlhIHByaXZhZGEuPC9saT4KICAgICAgICA8L29sPgogICAgICA8L2xpPgogICAgICA8bGk+R2VzdGnDs24gZGUgRGVyZWNob3MgZGUgQXV0b3Igc29icmUgSW50ZXJwcmV0YWNpb25lcyB5IEVqZWN1Y2lvbmVzIERpZ2l0YWxlcyAoV2ViQ2FzdGluZykuIFBhcmEgZXZpdGFyIHRvZGEgY29uZnVzacOzbiwgZWwgTGljZW5jaWFudGUgYWNsYXJhIHF1ZSwgY3VhbmRvIGxhIG9icmEgc2VhIHVuIGZvbm9ncmFtYSwgZWwgTGljZW5jaWFudGUgc2UgcmVzZXJ2YSBlbCBkZXJlY2hvIGV4Y2x1c2l2byBkZSBhdXRvcml6YXIgbGEgZWplY3VjacOzbiBww7pibGljYSBkaWdpdGFsIGRlIGxhIG9icmEgKHBvciBlamVtcGxvLCB3ZWJjYXN0KSB5IGRlIHJlY29sZWN0YXIsIGluZGl2aWR1YWxtZW50ZSBvIGEgdHJhdsOpcyBkZSB1bmEgc29jaWVkYWQgZGUgZ2VzdGnDs24gY29sZWN0aXZhIGRlIGRlcmVjaG9zIGRlIGF1dG9yIHkgZGVyZWNob3MgY29uZXhvcyAocG9yIGVqZW1wbG8sIEFDSU5QUk8pLCBsYXMgcmVnYWzDrWFzIHBvciBsYSBlamVjdWNpw7NuIHDDumJsaWNhIGRpZ2l0YWwgZGUgbGEgb2JyYSAocG9yIGVqZW1wbG8sIHdlYmNhc3QpLCBzdWpldGEgYSBsYXMgZGlzcG9zaWNpb25lcyBhcGxpY2FibGVzIGRlbCByw6lnaW1lbiBkZSBEZXJlY2hvIGRlIEF1dG9yLCBzaSBlc3RhIGVqZWN1Y2nDs24gcMO6YmxpY2EgZGlnaXRhbCBlc3TDoSBwcmltb3JkaWFsbWVudGUgZGlyaWdpZGEgYSBvYnRlbmVyIHVuYSB2ZW50YWphIGNvbWVyY2lhbCBvIHVuYSBjb21wZW5zYWNpw7NuIG1vbmV0YXJpYSBwcml2YWRhLjwvbGk+CiAgICA8L29sPgogIDwvbGk+CiAgPGJyLz4KICA8bGk+CiAgICBSZXByZXNlbnRhY2lvbmVzLCBHYXJhbnTDrWFzIHkgTGltaXRhY2lvbmVzIGRlIFJlc3BvbnNhYmlsaWRhZC4KICAgIDxwPkEgTUVOT1MgUVVFIExBUyBQQVJURVMgTE8gQUNPUkRBUkFOIERFIE9UUkEgRk9STUEgUE9SIEVTQ1JJVE8sIEVMIExJQ0VOQ0lBTlRFIE9GUkVDRSBMQSBPQlJBIChFTiBFTCBFU1RBRE8gRU4gRUwgUVVFIFNFIEVOQ1VFTlRSQSkg4oCcVEFMIENVQUzigJ0sIFNJTiBCUklOREFSIEdBUkFOVMONQVMgREUgQ0xBU0UgQUxHVU5BIFJFU1BFQ1RPIERFIExBIE9CUkEsIFlBIFNFQSBFWFBSRVNBLCBJTVBMw41DSVRBLCBMRUdBTCBPIENVQUxRVUlFUkEgT1RSQSwgSU5DTFVZRU5ETywgU0lOIExJTUlUQVJTRSBBIEVMTEFTLCBHQVJBTlTDjUFTIERFIFRJVFVMQVJJREFELCBDT01FUkNJQUJJTElEQUQsIEFEQVBUQUJJTElEQUQgTyBBREVDVUFDScOTTiBBIFBST1DDk1NJVE8gREVURVJNSU5BRE8sIEFVU0VOQ0lBIERFIElORlJBQ0NJw5NOLCBERSBBVVNFTkNJQSBERSBERUZFQ1RPUyBMQVRFTlRFUyBPIERFIE9UUk8gVElQTywgTyBMQSBQUkVTRU5DSUEgTyBBVVNFTkNJQSBERSBFUlJPUkVTLCBTRUFOIE8gTk8gREVTQ1VCUklCTEVTIChQVUVEQU4gTyBOTyBTRVIgRVNUT1MgREVTQ1VCSUVSVE9TKS4gQUxHVU5BUyBKVVJJU0RJQ0NJT05FUyBOTyBQRVJNSVRFTiBMQSBFWENMVVNJw5NOIERFIEdBUkFOVMONQVMgSU1QTMONQ0lUQVMsIEVOIENVWU8gQ0FTTyBFU1RBIEVYQ0xVU0nDk04gUFVFREUgTk8gQVBMSUNBUlNFIEEgVVNURUQuPC9wPgogIDwvbGk+CiAgPGJyLz4KICA8bGk+CiAgICBMaW1pdGFjacOzbiBkZSByZXNwb25zYWJpbGlkYWQuCiAgICA8cD5BIE1FTk9TIFFVRSBMTyBFWElKQSBFWFBSRVNBTUVOVEUgTEEgTEVZIEFQTElDQUJMRSwgRUwgTElDRU5DSUFOVEUgTk8gU0VSw4EgUkVTUE9OU0FCTEUgQU5URSBVU1RFRCBQT1IgREHDkU8gQUxHVU5PLCBTRUEgUE9SIFJFU1BPTlNBQklMSURBRCBFWFRSQUNPTlRSQUNUVUFMLCBQUkVDT05UUkFDVFVBTCBPIENPTlRSQUNUVUFMLCBPQkpFVElWQSBPIFNVQkpFVElWQSwgU0UgVFJBVEUgREUgREHDkU9TIE1PUkFMRVMgTyBQQVRSSU1PTklBTEVTLCBESVJFQ1RPUyBPIElORElSRUNUT1MsIFBSRVZJU1RPUyBPIElNUFJFVklTVE9TIFBST0RVQ0lET1MgUE9SIEVMIFVTTyBERSBFU1RBIExJQ0VOQ0lBIE8gREUgTEEgT0JSQSwgQVVOIENVQU5ETyBFTCBMSUNFTkNJQU5URSBIQVlBIFNJRE8gQURWRVJUSURPIERFIExBIFBPU0lCSUxJREFEIERFIERJQ0hPUyBEQcORT1MuIEFMR1VOQVMgTEVZRVMgTk8gUEVSTUlURU4gTEEgRVhDTFVTScOTTiBERSBDSUVSVEEgUkVTUE9OU0FCSUxJREFELCBFTiBDVVlPIENBU08gRVNUQSBFWENMVVNJw5NOIFBVRURFIE5PIEFQTElDQVJTRSBBIFVTVEVELjwvcD4KICA8L2xpPgogIDxici8+CiAgPGxpPgogICAgVMOpcm1pbm8uCiAgICA8b2wgdHlwZT0iYSI+CiAgICAgIDxsaT5Fc3RhIExpY2VuY2lhIHkgbG9zIGRlcmVjaG9zIG90b3JnYWRvcyBlbiB2aXJ0dWQgZGUgZWxsYSB0ZXJtaW5hcsOhbiBhdXRvbcOhdGljYW1lbnRlIHNpIFVzdGVkIGluZnJpbmdlIGFsZ3VuYSBjb25kaWNpw7NuIGVzdGFibGVjaWRhIGVuIGVsbGEuIFNpbiBlbWJhcmdvLCBsb3MgaW5kaXZpZHVvcyBvIGVudGlkYWRlcyBxdWUgaGFuIHJlY2liaWRvIE9icmFzIERlcml2YWRhcyBvIENvbGVjdGl2YXMgZGUgVXN0ZWQgZGUgY29uZm9ybWlkYWQgY29uIGVzdGEgTGljZW5jaWEsIG5vIHZlcsOhbiB0ZXJtaW5hZGFzIHN1cyBsaWNlbmNpYXMsIHNpZW1wcmUgcXVlIGVzdG9zIGluZGl2aWR1b3MgbyBlbnRpZGFkZXMgc2lnYW4gY3VtcGxpZW5kbyDDrW50ZWdyYW1lbnRlIGxhcyBjb25kaWNpb25lcyBkZSBlc3RhcyBsaWNlbmNpYXMuIExhcyBTZWNjaW9uZXMgMSwgMiwgNSwgNiwgNywgeSA4IHN1YnNpc3RpcsOhbiBhIGN1YWxxdWllciB0ZXJtaW5hY2nDs24gZGUgZXN0YSBMaWNlbmNpYS48L2xpPgogICAgICA8bGk+U3VqZXRhIGEgbGFzIGNvbmRpY2lvbmVzIHkgdMOpcm1pbm9zIGFudGVyaW9yZXMsIGxhIGxpY2VuY2lhIG90b3JnYWRhIGFxdcOtIGVzIHBlcnBldHVhIChkdXJhbnRlIGVsIHBlcsOtb2RvIGRlIHZpZ2VuY2lhIGRlIGxvcyBkZXJlY2hvcyBkZSBhdXRvciBkZSBsYSBvYnJhKS4gTm8gb2JzdGFudGUgbG8gYW50ZXJpb3IsIGVsIExpY2VuY2lhbnRlIHNlIHJlc2VydmEgZWwgZGVyZWNobyBhIHB1YmxpY2FyIHkvbyBlc3RyZW5hciBsYSBPYnJhIGJham8gY29uZGljaW9uZXMgZGUgbGljZW5jaWEgZGlmZXJlbnRlcyBvIGEgZGVqYXIgZGUgZGlzdHJpYnVpcmxhIGVuIGxvcyB0w6lybWlub3MgZGUgZXN0YSBMaWNlbmNpYSBlbiBjdWFscXVpZXIgbW9tZW50bzsgZW4gZWwgZW50ZW5kaWRvLCBzaW4gZW1iYXJnbywgcXVlIGVzYSBlbGVjY2nDs24gbm8gc2Vydmlyw6EgcGFyYSByZXZvY2FyIGVzdGEgbGljZW5jaWEgbyBxdWUgZGViYSBzZXIgb3RvcmdhZGEgLCBiYWpvIGxvcyB0w6lybWlub3MgZGUgZXN0YSBsaWNlbmNpYSksIHkgZXN0YSBsaWNlbmNpYSBjb250aW51YXLDoSBlbiBwbGVubyB2aWdvciB5IGVmZWN0byBhIG1lbm9zIHF1ZSBzZWEgdGVybWluYWRhIGNvbW8gc2UgZXhwcmVzYSBhdHLDoXMuIExhIExpY2VuY2lhIHJldm9jYWRhIGNvbnRpbnVhcsOhIHNpZW5kbyBwbGVuYW1lbnRlIHZpZ2VudGUgeSBlZmVjdGl2YSBzaSBubyBzZSBsZSBkYSB0w6lybWlubyBlbiBsYXMgY29uZGljaW9uZXMgaW5kaWNhZGFzIGFudGVyaW9ybWVudGUuPC9saT4KICAgIDwvb2w+CiAgPC9saT4KICA8YnIvPgogIDxsaT4KICAgIFZhcmlvcy4KICAgIDxvbCB0eXBlPSJhIj4KICAgICAgPGxpPkNhZGEgdmV6IHF1ZSBVc3RlZCBkaXN0cmlidXlhIG8gcG9uZ2EgYSBkaXNwb3NpY2nDs24gcMO6YmxpY2EgbGEgT2JyYSBvIHVuYSBPYnJhIENvbGVjdGl2YSwgZWwgTGljZW5jaWFudGUgb2ZyZWNlcsOhIGFsIGRlc3RpbmF0YXJpbyB1bmEgbGljZW5jaWEgZW4gbG9zIG1pc21vcyB0w6lybWlub3MgeSBjb25kaWNpb25lcyBxdWUgbGEgbGljZW5jaWEgb3RvcmdhZGEgYSBVc3RlZCBiYWpvIGVzdGEgTGljZW5jaWEuPC9saT4KICAgICAgPGxpPlNpIGFsZ3VuYSBkaXNwb3NpY2nDs24gZGUgZXN0YSBMaWNlbmNpYSByZXN1bHRhIGludmFsaWRhZGEgbyBubyBleGlnaWJsZSwgc2Vnw7puIGxhIGxlZ2lzbGFjacOzbiB2aWdlbnRlLCBlc3RvIG5vIGFmZWN0YXLDoSBuaSBsYSB2YWxpZGV6IG5pIGxhIGFwbGljYWJpbGlkYWQgZGVsIHJlc3RvIGRlIGNvbmRpY2lvbmVzIGRlIGVzdGEgTGljZW5jaWEgeSwgc2luIGFjY2nDs24gYWRpY2lvbmFsIHBvciBwYXJ0ZSBkZSBsb3Mgc3VqZXRvcyBkZSBlc3RlIGFjdWVyZG8sIGFxdcOpbGxhIHNlIGVudGVuZGVyw6EgcmVmb3JtYWRhIGxvIG3DrW5pbW8gbmVjZXNhcmlvIHBhcmEgaGFjZXIgcXVlIGRpY2hhIGRpc3Bvc2ljacOzbiBzZWEgdsOhbGlkYSB5IGV4aWdpYmxlLjwvbGk+CiAgICAgIDxsaT5OaW5nw7puIHTDqXJtaW5vIG8gZGlzcG9zaWNpw7NuIGRlIGVzdGEgTGljZW5jaWEgc2UgZXN0aW1hcsOhIHJlbnVuY2lhZGEgeSBuaW5ndW5hIHZpb2xhY2nDs24gZGUgZWxsYSBzZXLDoSBjb25zZW50aWRhIGEgbWVub3MgcXVlIGVzYSByZW51bmNpYSBvIGNvbnNlbnRpbWllbnRvIHNlYSBvdG9yZ2FkbyBwb3IgZXNjcml0byB5IGZpcm1hZG8gcG9yIGxhIHBhcnRlIHF1ZSByZW51bmNpZSBvIGNvbnNpZW50YS48L2xpPgogICAgICA8bGk+RXN0YSBMaWNlbmNpYSByZWZsZWphIGVsIGFjdWVyZG8gcGxlbm8gZW50cmUgbGFzIHBhcnRlcyByZXNwZWN0byBhIGxhIE9icmEgYXF1w60gbGljZW5jaWFkYS4gTm8gaGF5IGFycmVnbG9zLCBhY3VlcmRvcyBvIGRlY2xhcmFjaW9uZXMgcmVzcGVjdG8gYSBsYSBPYnJhIHF1ZSBubyBlc3TDqW4gZXNwZWNpZmljYWRvcyBlbiBlc3RlIGRvY3VtZW50by4gRWwgTGljZW5jaWFudGUgbm8gc2UgdmVyw6EgbGltaXRhZG8gcG9yIG5pbmd1bmEgZGlzcG9zaWNpw7NuIGFkaWNpb25hbCBxdWUgcHVlZGEgc3VyZ2lyIGVuIGFsZ3VuYSBjb211bmljYWNpw7NuIGVtYW5hZGEgZGUgVXN0ZWQuIEVzdGEgTGljZW5jaWEgbm8gcHVlZGUgc2VyIG1vZGlmaWNhZGEgc2luIGVsIGNvbnNlbnRpbWllbnRvIG11dHVvIHBvciBlc2NyaXRvIGRlbCBMaWNlbmNpYW50ZSB5IFVzdGVkLjwvbGk+CiAgICA8L29sPgogIDwvbGk+CiAgPGJyLz4KPC9vbD4K 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