Evaluación de algunos métodos tradicionales de identificación para detectar Salmonella spp. y Staphylococcus aureus coagulasa positiva en leche

ilustraciones, fotografías

Autores:
Camacho Montoya, Luisa Fernanda
Tipo de recurso:
Fecha de publicación:
2023
Institución:
Universidad Nacional de Colombia
Repositorio:
Universidad Nacional de Colombia
Idioma:
spa
OAI Identifier:
oai:repositorio.unal.edu.co:unal/85828
Acceso en línea:
https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/85828
https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/
Palabra clave:
660 - Ingeniería química::664 - Tecnología de alimentos
570 - Biología::579 - Historia natural microorganismos, hongos, algas
Leche - Investigaciones
Bacteriología de la leche - Investigaciones
Análisis microbiológico
Técnicas inmunológicas
Enfermedades transmitidas por alimentos
Leche - Análisis - Normas
Conservación de alimentos
Enfermedades bacterianas
Salmonella Typhimurium
Staphylococcus aureus
Lactococcus lactis
Leche ultrapasteurizada
Leche cruda
Método horizontal
ELISA
Ultrapasteurized milk
Raw milk
Horizontal Method
Rights
openAccess
License
Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacional
id UNACIONAL2_cb7f0f2d73aeafa88607e2e7f9e38bd2
oai_identifier_str oai:repositorio.unal.edu.co:unal/85828
network_acronym_str UNACIONAL2
network_name_str Universidad Nacional de Colombia
repository_id_str
dc.title.spa.fl_str_mv Evaluación de algunos métodos tradicionales de identificación para detectar Salmonella spp. y Staphylococcus aureus coagulasa positiva en leche
dc.title.translated.eng.fl_str_mv Evaluation of some traditional identification methods to detect Salmonella spp. and Staphylococcus aureus coagulase positive in milk
title Evaluación de algunos métodos tradicionales de identificación para detectar Salmonella spp. y Staphylococcus aureus coagulasa positiva en leche
spellingShingle Evaluación de algunos métodos tradicionales de identificación para detectar Salmonella spp. y Staphylococcus aureus coagulasa positiva en leche
660 - Ingeniería química::664 - Tecnología de alimentos
570 - Biología::579 - Historia natural microorganismos, hongos, algas
Leche - Investigaciones
Bacteriología de la leche - Investigaciones
Análisis microbiológico
Técnicas inmunológicas
Enfermedades transmitidas por alimentos
Leche - Análisis - Normas
Conservación de alimentos
Enfermedades bacterianas
Salmonella Typhimurium
Staphylococcus aureus
Lactococcus lactis
Leche ultrapasteurizada
Leche cruda
Método horizontal
ELISA
Ultrapasteurized milk
Raw milk
Horizontal Method
title_short Evaluación de algunos métodos tradicionales de identificación para detectar Salmonella spp. y Staphylococcus aureus coagulasa positiva en leche
title_full Evaluación de algunos métodos tradicionales de identificación para detectar Salmonella spp. y Staphylococcus aureus coagulasa positiva en leche
title_fullStr Evaluación de algunos métodos tradicionales de identificación para detectar Salmonella spp. y Staphylococcus aureus coagulasa positiva en leche
title_full_unstemmed Evaluación de algunos métodos tradicionales de identificación para detectar Salmonella spp. y Staphylococcus aureus coagulasa positiva en leche
title_sort Evaluación de algunos métodos tradicionales de identificación para detectar Salmonella spp. y Staphylococcus aureus coagulasa positiva en leche
dc.creator.fl_str_mv Camacho Montoya, Luisa Fernanda
dc.contributor.advisor.none.fl_str_mv Montoya Campuzano, Olga Inés
Arango Isaza, Rafael Eduardo
dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv Camacho Montoya, Luisa Fernanda
dc.contributor.researchgroup.spa.fl_str_mv Probióticos: Prospección Funcional y Metabolitos
dc.subject.ddc.spa.fl_str_mv 660 - Ingeniería química::664 - Tecnología de alimentos
570 - Biología::579 - Historia natural microorganismos, hongos, algas
topic 660 - Ingeniería química::664 - Tecnología de alimentos
570 - Biología::579 - Historia natural microorganismos, hongos, algas
Leche - Investigaciones
Bacteriología de la leche - Investigaciones
Análisis microbiológico
Técnicas inmunológicas
Enfermedades transmitidas por alimentos
Leche - Análisis - Normas
Conservación de alimentos
Enfermedades bacterianas
Salmonella Typhimurium
Staphylococcus aureus
Lactococcus lactis
Leche ultrapasteurizada
Leche cruda
Método horizontal
ELISA
Ultrapasteurized milk
Raw milk
Horizontal Method
dc.subject.lemb.none.fl_str_mv Leche - Investigaciones
Bacteriología de la leche - Investigaciones
Análisis microbiológico
Técnicas inmunológicas
Enfermedades transmitidas por alimentos
Leche - Análisis - Normas
Conservación de alimentos
Enfermedades bacterianas
dc.subject.proposal.spa.fl_str_mv Salmonella Typhimurium
Staphylococcus aureus
Lactococcus lactis
Leche ultrapasteurizada
Leche cruda
Método horizontal
ELISA
dc.subject.proposal.eng.fl_str_mv Ultrapasteurized milk
Raw milk
Horizontal Method
description ilustraciones, fotografías
publishDate 2023
dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv 2023
dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv 2024-03-22T18:40:12Z
dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv 2024-03-22T18:40:12Z
dc.type.spa.fl_str_mv Trabajo de grado - Maestría
dc.type.driver.spa.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesis
dc.type.version.spa.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion
dc.type.content.spa.fl_str_mv Text
dc.type.redcol.spa.fl_str_mv http://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/TM
status_str acceptedVersion
dc.identifier.uri.none.fl_str_mv https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/85828
dc.identifier.instname.spa.fl_str_mv Universidad Nacional de Colombia
dc.identifier.reponame.spa.fl_str_mv Repositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de Colombia
dc.identifier.repourl.spa.fl_str_mv https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/
url https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/85828
https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/
identifier_str_mv Universidad Nacional de Colombia
Repositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de Colombia
dc.language.iso.spa.fl_str_mv spa
language spa
dc.relation.indexed.spa.fl_str_mv LaReferencia
dc.relation.references.spa.fl_str_mv Agarwal, A., Awasthi, V., Dua, A., Ganguly, S., Garg, V., & Marwaha, S. S. (2012). Microbiological profile of milk: impact of household practices. Indian Journal of Public Health. https://www-scopus-com.ezproxy.unal.edu.co/record/display.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84864590874&origin=reflist&sort=plf-f&src=s&sid=7af4d3155df3a2121a2d2147fab97c33&sot=b&sdt=b&sl=137&s=TITLE-ABS-KEY%28Usefulness+of+Potentially+Probiotic+L.+lactis+Isolates+from+Polish+Fermented+Cow+Milk+for+the+Production+of+Cottage+Cheese%29
Akbar, A., Sadiq, M. B., Ali, I., Anwar, M., Muhammad, N., Muhammad, J., Shafee, M., Ullah, S., Gul, Z., Qasim, S., Ahmad, S., & Anal, A. K. (2019). Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis isolated from fermented milk products and its antimicrobial potential. Http://Mc.Manuscriptcentral.Com/Tcyt, 17(1), 214–220. https://doi.org/10.1080/19476337.2019.1575474
Aljasir, S. F., & D’Amico, D. J. (2020). The effect of protective cultures on Staphylococcus aureus growth and enterotoxin production. Food Microbiology, 91, 103541. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.FM.2020.103541
Argudín, M. A., Mendoza, M. C., & Rodicio, M. R. (2010). Food Poisoning and Staphylococcus aureus Enterotoxins. Toxins, 2(7), 1751–1773. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins2071751
Batista Gutiérrez, L., Manuel ROSADO GARCÍA, F., Isabel GONZÁLEZ GONZÁLEZ, M., & Villar Saavedra, A. (2019). IMPLEMENTATION OF A SCREENING TECHNIQUE FOR THE IDENTIFICATION OF SALMONELLA SPP. IN SURFACE WATER. Higiene y Sanidad Ambiental, 19(2), 1749–1754
Bianchi, D. M., Maurella, C., Lenzi, C., Fornasiero, M., Barbaro, A., & Decastelli, L. (2022). Influence of Season and Food Type on Bacterial and Entero-Toxigenic Prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus. Toxins 2022, Vol. 14, Page 671, 14(10), 671. https://doi.org/10.3390/TOXINS14100671
Bordin, G., Cordeiro Raposo, F., De La Calle, B., & Rodriguez, A. R. (2001). Identification and quantification of major bovine milk proteins by liquid chromatography. Journal of Chromatography A, 928(1), 63–76. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)01097-4
Camaró-Sala, M. L., Martínez-García, R., Olmos-Martínez, P., Catalá-Cuenca, V., Ocete-Mochón, M. D., & Gimeno-Cardona, C. (2015). Validation and verfication of microbiology methods | Validación y verificación analítica de los métodos microbiológicos. Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiologia Clinica Monografias, 33(7), e31–e36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eimc.2013.11.010
Castro, S. T., Rodríguez, C. R., Perazzi, B. E., Radice, M., Paz Sticotti, M., Muzio, H., Juárez, J., Gutkind, G., Famiglietti, A. M. R., Santini, P. I., & Vay, C. A. (2006). Comparación de diferentes métodos para identificar las especies del género Proteus. Revista Argentina de Microbiología v.38 n.3 Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires. http://www.scielo.org.ar/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0325-75412006000300002
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2021, July 16). Microbios y enfermedades transmitidos por los alimentos | Seguridad alimenticia | CDC. https://www.cdc.gov/foodsafety/es/foodborne-germs-es.html
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (2019). Salmonella | CDC. Salmonella . https://www.cdc.gov/salmonella/index.html
Chacón, L., Barrantes, K., García, C., & Rosario, A. (2010). Estandarización de una PCR para la detección del gen invA de Salmonella spp. en lechuga. Revista de La Sociedad Venezolana de Microbiología, 30(1), 18–23. http://www.scielo.org.ve/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1315-25562010000100005&lng=es&nrm=iso&tlng=es
Chambers, H. F., & DeLeo, F. R. (2009). Waves of resistance: Staphylococcus aureus in the antibiotic era. Nature Reviews Microbiology, 7(9), 629–641. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrmicro2200
Codex Alimentarius. (2011). Leche y Productos Lácteos Segunda edición. http://www.codexalimentarius.org
Corral, A., Morales, Y., Pazos, L., Ramírez, A., Martínez, R., & Muñoz, J. (2012). Quantification of cultivable bacteria by the “Massive Stamping Drop Plate” method. Revista Colombiana Biotecnología, 2, 147–156
Côté-Gravel, J., & Malouin, F. (2019). Symposium review: Features of Staphylococcus aureus mastitis pathogenesis that guide vaccine development strategies. Journal of Dairy Science, 102(5), 4727–4740. https://doi.org/10.3168/JDS.2018-15272
David, A., Porras Atencia, O. O., Bermúdez, S. C., Velasco Sánchez, N. J., & Osorio Padilla, M. L. (2016). Detección de Listeria ssp y Salmonella spp en queso y su relación con las caraterísticas fisicoquímicas. Revista Politécnica, Vol. 12, No. 23. https://revistas.elpoli.edu.co/index.php/pol/article/view/903
Dhanashekar, R., Akkinepalli, S., & Nellutla, A. (2012). Milk-borne infections. An analysis of their potential effect on the milk industry. Germs, 2(3), 101. https://doi.org/10.11599/GERMS.2012.1020
Dos Santos, P. H. C., Figueiredo, H. M., da SILVA, L. H. M., da SILVA, R. S. O., Cardoso, G. V. F., Moraes, C. M., & Rodrigues, A. M. da C. (2020). Evaluation of a rapid detection method of Salmonella in comparison with the culture method and microbiological quality in fish from the Brazilian Amazon. Food Science and Technology, 41(1), 151–157. https://doi.org/10.1590/FST.38719
Doyle, M. P., Diez-Gonzalez, F., & Hill, C. (2019). Food microbiology: Fundamentals and frontiers. In Food Microbiology: Fundamentals and Frontiers. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781683670476
Drake, P., Chen, Y.-C., Lehmann, I., & Jiang, P.-S. (2015). Nanoparticle labels for pathogen detection through nucleic acid amplification tests. Microfluidics and Nanofluidics, 19(2), 299–305. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10404-014-1530-8
Ertas, N., Gonulalan, Z., Yildirim, Y., & Kum, E. (2010). Detection of Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxins in sheep cheese and dairy desserts by multiplex PCR technique. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 142(1–2), 74–77. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.IJFOODMICRO.2010.06.002
European Commission. (2005). Commission Regulation (EC) No 2073/2005 of 15 November 2005 on microbiological criteria for foodstuffs. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/ES/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:02005R2073-20180101&from=EN
Fàbrega, A., & Vila, J. (2013). Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium skills to succeed in the host: Virulence and regulation. Clinical Microbiology Reviews, 26(2), 308–341. https://doi.org/10.1128/CMR.00066-12
Foster, T. J. (2009). Colonization and infection of the human host by staphylococci: Adhesion, survival and immune evasion. Veterinary Dermatology, 20(5–6), 456–470. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3164.2009.00825.x
Galván, M. del pilar. (2005). PROCESO BÁSICO DE LA LECHE Y EL QUESO. Revista Digital Universitaria, 6. http://www.revista.unam.mx/vol.6/num9/art87/int87.htm
GE Healthcare. (2007). Illustra bacteria genomicPrep Mini Spin Kit
Gökmen-Polar, Y. (2018). Overview of PCR-Based Technologies and Multiplexed Gene Analysis for Biomarker Studies. In Predictive Biomarkers in Oncology: Applications in Precision Medicine. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-95228-4_5
Gonzalez Pedraza, J. B., Sanandres, N. P., Varela, Z. S., Aguirre, E. H., & Camacho, J. V. (2014). Microbiological Isolation of Salmonella spp. And Molecular tools for detection | Aislamiento microbiológico de Salmonella spp. y herramientas moleculares para su detección. Salud Uninorte, 30(1), 73–94. https://doi.org/10.14482/sun.30.1.4316
Havelaar, A. H., Kirk, M. D., Torgerson, P. R., Gibb, H. J., Hald, T., Lake, R. J., Praet, N., Bellinger, D. C., de Silva, N. R., Gargouri, N., Wu, F., & Zeilmaker, M. (2015). World Health Organization Global Estimates and Regional Comparisons of the Burden of Foodborne Disease in 2010. PLoS Medicine, 12(12). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001923
Hernández Ramírez, D. F., & Cabiedes, J. (2010). Técnicas inmunológicas que apoyan el diagnóstico de las enfermedades autoinmunes. Reumatología Clínica, 6(3), 173–177. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.REUMA.2009.10.003
Herrera, A., & Santos, F. (2015). PRESENCIA DE Staphylococcus aureus METICILINA-RESISTENTES EN QUESO DOBLE CREMA ARTESANAL PRESENCE OF METHICILLIN-RESISTANT Staphylococcus aureus INARTISAN DOUBLE CREAM CHEESE. Revista U.D.C.A Actualidad & Divulgación Científica
Hoffmann, S., Maculloch, B., & Batz, M. (2015). Economic burden of major foodborne illnesses acquired in the United States. In Economic Cost of Foodborne Illnesses in the United States
Hoppe, C., Mølgaard, C., & Michaelsen, K. F. (2006). Cow’s milk and linear growth in industrialized and developing countries. Annual Review of Nutrition, 26, 131–173. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.nutr.26.010506.103757
Hosseini, S. M., Arabestani, M. R., Mahmoodi, H., & Farhangara, E. (2015). Prevalence of G, H, I, J Enterotoxin Genes and antibacterial susceptibility pattern in staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from different foods. Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, 25(123), 1–10
ICONTEC - Instituto Colombiano de Normas Técnicas. (2002, October 30). Productos lacteos. Leche pasteurizada.(NTC 506). ICONTEC E-Collection. https://ecollection-icontec-org.ezproxy.unal.edu.co/normavw.aspx?ID=4257
ICONTEC - Instituto Colombiano de Normas Técnicas. (2004, February 25). Productos lacteos. Leche uat -uht- ultra alta temperatura larga vida y leche ultrapasteurizada. (NTC 3856). ICONTEC E-Collection. https://ecollection-icontec-org.ezproxy.unal.edu.co/normavw.aspx?ID=2899
ICONTEC - Instituto Colombiano de Normas Técnicas. (2007a, March 21). Microbiologia de alimentos y de alimentos para animales. Método horizontal para la detección de salmonella spp. (NTC 4574). ICONTEC E-Collection. https://ecollection-icontec-org.ezproxy.unal.edu.co/normavw.aspx?ID=3690
ICONTEC - Instituto Colombiano de Normas Técnicas. (2007b, August 29). Microbiologia de alimentos y alimentos para animales. Metodo horizontal para el recuento de estafilococos coagulasa positiva (staphylococcus aureus y otras especies). (NTC4779). ICONTEC E-Collection. https://ecollection-icontec-org.ezproxy.unal.edu.co/normavw.aspx?ID=3917
ICONTEC - Instituto Colombiano de Normas Técnicas. (2023). Certificación de Producto - Icontec. ICONTEC. https://www.icontec.org/certificacion-de-producto/
ISO. (2021). Microbiología de la cadena alimentaria. Método horizontal para la detección, enumeración y serotipado de Salmonella. Parte 1: Detección de Salmonella spp. Modificación 1: Ampliación del rango de temperaturas de incubación, modificación del estado del Anexo D y corrección de la composición de los medios MSRV y SC. (ISO 6579-1:2017/Amd 1:2020)
ISO. (2022). Microbiología de la cadena alimentaria. Método horizontal para el recuento de estafilococos coagulasa positivos (Staphylococcus aureus y otras especies). Parte 1: Método que utiliza un medio de agar Baird-Parker. (ISO 6888-1:2021)
Jay James M, L. M. J. G. D. A. (2005). Modern Food Microbiology
Jayarao, B. M., & Henning, D. R. (2001). Prevalence of foodborne pathogens in bulk tank milk. Journal of Dairy Science, 84(10), 2157–2162. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(01)74661-9
Kav, K., Col, R., & Ardic, M. (2011). Characterization of Staphylococcus aureus Isolates from White-Brined Urfa Cheese. Journal of Food Protection, 74(11), 1788–1796. https://doi.org/10.4315/0362-028X.JFP-11-179
Kirk, M. D., Pires, S. M., Black, R. E., Caipo, M., Crump, J. A., Devleesschauwer, B., Döpfer, D., Fazil, A., Fischer-Walker, C. L., Hald, T., Havelaar, A. H., & Angulo, F. J. (2015). World Health Organization Estimates of the Global and Regional Disease Burden of 22 Foodborne Bacterial, Protozoal, and Viral Diseases, 2010: A Data Synthesis. PLoS Medicine, 12(12). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001921
Kong, J., Fan, C., Liao, X., Chen, A., Yang, S., Zhao, L., & Li, H. (2022). Accurate detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium based on the combination of next-generation sequencing and droplet digital PCR. LWT, 168, 113913. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.LWT.2022.113913
Koskinen, M. T., Wellenberg, G. J., Sampimon, O. C., Holopainen, J., Rothkamp, A., Salmikivi, L., van Haeringen, W. A., Lam, T. J. G. M., & Pyörälä, S. (2010). Field comparison of real-time polymerase chain reaction and bacterial culture for identification of bovine mastitis bacteria. Journal of Dairy Science, 93(12), 5707–5715. https://doi.org/10.3168/JDS.2010-3167
Laboratorios Britania. (2012). T.S.I. Agar (Triple Sugar Iron Agar). https://www.britanialab.com/back/public/upload/productos/upl_6070971eb11bd.pdf
Laboratorios Britania. (2021a). Baird Parker Agar Base. https://www.britanialab.com/back/public/upload/productos/upl_607060f71db9b.pdf
Laboratorios Britania. (2021b). Christensen Medio (Urea Agar Base). https://www.britanialab.com/back/public/upload/productos/upl_6054e95043249.pdf
Laboratorios Britania. (2021c). Lisina Hierro Agar. https://www.britanialab.com/back/public/upload/productos/upl_6054e85d48c47.pdf
Laboratorios Britania. (2021d). Simmons Citrato Agar. https://www.britanialab.com/back/public/upload/productos/upl_607092758cfa8.pdf
Luigi, T., Rojas, L., & Valbuena, O. (2015). Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for identification of Salmonella spp. using the invA gene | Reacción en cadena de la polimerasa para la identificación de Salmonella spp. Usando el gen invA. Salus, 19(3), 41–46
MacFaddin, J. F. (2003). Pruebas bioquímicas para la identificación de bacterias de importancia clínica
Makovec, J. A., & Ruegg, P. L. (2003). Results of Milk Samples Submitted for Microbiological Examination in Wisconsin from 1994 to 2001. Journal of Dairy Science, 86(11), 3466–3472. https://doi.org/10.3168/JDS.S0022-0302(03)73951-4
Microbiologics. (2023). Epower Quantitated Control Organisms │ Microbiologics. Epower Quantitated Control Organisms . https://www.microbiologics.com/item-type/Product/product-format/Epower
Microbiologics Salmonella enterica. (2023). Microbiologics : 0363E4 Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium derived from ATCC® 14028TM* Epower. https://www.microbiologics.com/0363E4
Microbiologics Staphylococcus aureus. (2023). Microbiologics : 0360E4 Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus derived from ATCC® 25923TM* Epower. https://www.microbiologics.com/0360E4
Modabber, F. Z., & Bahr, G. M. (1979). Binding of antigen-enzyme complex by antigen-binding cells as an approach for immunodiagnosis. Infection and Immunity, 23(1), 49–53. https://doi.org/10.1128/iai.23.1.49-53.1979
Myint, M. S., Johnson, Y. J., Tablante, N. L., & Heckert, R. A. (2006). The effect of pre-enrichment protocol on the sensitivity and specificity of PCR for detection of naturally contaminated Salmonella in raw poultry compared to conventional culture. Food Microbiology, 23(6), 599–604. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.FM.2005.09.002
Neelam, Jain, V. K., Singh, M., Joshi, V. G., Chhabra, R., Singh, K., & Rana, Y. S. (2022). Virulence and antimicrobial resistance gene profiles of Staphylococcus aureus associated with clinical mastitis in cattle. PLOS ONE, 17(5), e0264762. https://doi.org/10.1371/JOURNAL.PONE.0264762
Nia, Y., Lombard, B., Gentil, S., Neveux, L., Mutel, I., Guillier, F., Messio, S., Pairaud, S., Herbin, S., Guillier, L., Auvray, F., & Hennekinne, J. A. (2021). Development and validation of the Standard method EN ISO 19020 - microbiology of the food chain — Horizontal method for the immunoenzymatic detection of staphylococcal enterotoxins in foodstuffs. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 354, 109319. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.IJFOODMICRO.2021.109319
Nia, Y., Rodriguez, M., Zeleny, R., Herbin, S., Auvray, F., Fiebig, U., Avondet, M. A., Munoz, A., & Hennekinne, J. A. (2016). Organization and ELISA-Based Results of the First Proficiency Testing to Evaluate the Ability of European Union Laboratories to Detect Staphylococcal Enterotoxin Type B (SEB) in Buffer and Milk. Toxins 2016, Vol. 8, Page 268, 8(9), 268. https://doi.org/10.3390/TOXINS8090268
Oliveira, R., Pinho, E., Almeida, G., Azevedo, N. F., & Almeida, C. (2022). Prevalence and Diversity of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcal Enterotoxins in Raw Milk From Northern Portugal. Frontiers in Microbiology, 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/FMICB.2022.846653/FULL
Ostyn, A., Guillier, F., Prufer, A. L., Papinaud, I., Messio, S., Krys, S., Lombard, B., & Hennekinne, J. A. (2011). Intra‐laboratory validation of the Ridascreen® SET Total kit for detecting staphylococcal enterotoxins SEA to SEE in cheese. Letters in Applied Microbiology, 52(5), 468–474. https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1472-765X.2011.03025.X
Paco González Ulibarry. (2018). Definiciones de Leche y Queso. Biblioteca Del Congreso Nacional de Chile/BCN-Asesoría Técnica Parlamentaria. http://bcn.cl/22oic
Paniel, N., & Noguer, T. (2019). Detection of Salmonella in Food Matrices, from Conventional Methods to Recent Aptamer-Sensing Technologies. Foods 2019, Vol. 8, Page 371, 8(9), 371. https://doi.org/10.3390/FOODS8090371
Park, C. E., Warburton, D., & Laffey, P. J. (1996). A collaborative study on the detection of staphylococcal enterotoxins in foods by an enzyme immunoassay kit (RIDASCREEN®). International Journal of Food Microbiology, 29(2–3), 281–295. https://doi.org/10.1016/0168-1605(95)00046-1
Parra, M., Durango, J., Máttar, S., & De Tema, R. (2002). MICROBIOLOGÍA, PATOGÉNESIS, EPIDEMIOLOGÍA, CLÍNICA Y DIAGNÓSTICO DE LAS INFECCIONES PRODUCIDAS POR Salmonella. 7(2), 187–200
PAST - Download. (n.d.). Retrieved July 31, 2023, from https://past.en.lo4d.com/windows
Pitkälä, A., Gindonis, V., Wallin, H., & Honkanen-Buzalski, T. (2005). Interlaboratory Proficiency Testing as a Tool for Improving Performance in Laboratories Diagnosing Bovine Mastitis. Journal of Dairy Science, 88(2), 553–559. https://doi.org/10.3168/JDS.S0022-0302(05)72717-X
Poljak, M., Seme, K., & Koren, S. (1996). The polymerase chain reaction: A critical review of its uses and limitations in diagnostic microbiology. Periodicum Biologorum, 98(2), 183–190
Pytka, M., Kordowska-Wiater, M., Wajs, J., Glibowski, P., & Sajnaga, E. (2022). Usefulness of Potentially Probiotic L. lactis Isolates from Polish Fermented Cow Milk for the Production of Cottage Cheese. Applied Sciences (Switzerland), 12(23). https://doi.org/10.3390/app122312088
Quigley, L., O’sullivan, O., Stanton, C., Beresford, T. P., Ross, R. P., Fitzgerald, G. F., & Cotter, P. D. (2013). The complex microbiota of raw milk. FEMS MICROBIOLOGY REVIEWS , 664–698. https://doi.org/10.1111/1574-6976.12030
R: The R Project for Statistical Computing. (n.d.). Retrieved July 31, 2023, from https://www.r-project.org/
R-Biopharm, D. G. (2016, June 27). R 4201 Ridascreen Salmonella. R-Biopharm AG, Darmstadt, Germany. https://www.engormix.com/biopharm-latinoamerica/4201-ridascreen-salmonella-sh6718_pr22669.htm
R-Biopharm, D. G. (2017, August 9). RIDASCREEN® SET Total (96 pruebas) - Análisis de alimentos y piensos. R-Biopharm AG, Darmstadt, Germany. https://food.r-biopharm.com/products/ridascreen-set-total/
Rivera de la Cruz, J. F., Villegas de Gante, A., Miranda Romero, L. A., García Cué, J. L., Rivera de la Cruz, J. F., Villegas de Gante, A., Miranda Romero, L. A., & García Cué, J. L. (2017). Identificación de bacterias acidolácticas antagónicas de Salmonella enterica var. Typhimurium aisladas de queso artesanal. Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Agrícolas, 8(4), 785–797. https://doi.org/10.29312/remexca.v8i4.7
Rosec, J. P., & Gigaud, O. (2002). Staphylococcal enterotoxin genes of classical and new types detected by PCR in France. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 77(1–2), 61–70. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-1605(02)00044-2
Sartori, C., Boss, R., Ivanovic, I., & Graber, H. U. (2017). Development of a new real-time quantitative PCR assay for the detection of Staphylococcus aureus genotype B in cow milk, targeting the new gene adlb. Journal of Dairy Science, 100(10), 7834–7845. https://doi.org/10.3168/JDS.2017-12820
Scallan, E., Hoekstra, R. M., Angulo, F. J., Tauxe, R. V., Widdowson, M.-A., Roy, S. L., Jones, J. L., & Griffin, P. M. (2011a). Foodborne illness acquired in the United States-Major pathogens. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 17(1), 7–15. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid1701.P11101
Scallan, E., Hoekstra, R. M., Mahon, B. E., Jones, T. F., & Griffin, P. M. (2015). An assessment of the human health impact of seven leading foodborne pathogens in the United States using disability adjusted life years. Epidemiology and Infection, 143(13), 2795–2804. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0950268814003185
Scharff, R. L. (2012). Economic burden from health losses due to foodborne illness in the united states. Journal of Food Protection, 75(1), 123–131. https://doi.org/10.4315/0362-028X.JFP-11-058
Schilcher, K., & Horswill, A. R. (2020). Staphylococcal Biofilm Development: Structure, Regulation, and Treatment Strategies. Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews, 84(3). https://doi.org/10.1128/MMBR.00026-19
Sergelidis, D., & Angelidis, A. S. (2017). Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: a controversial food-borne pathogen. Letters in Applied Microbiology, 64(6), 409–418. https://doi.org/10.1111/lam.12735
Sharma, R., Singh, M., & Sharma, A. (2002). Polymerase chain reaction: An emerging tool for research in pharmacology. Indian Journal of Pharmacology, 34(4), 229–236
Sharma, S., Raghav, R., O’Kennedy, R., & Srivastava, S. (2016). Advances in ovarian cancer diagnosis: A journey from immunoassays to immunosensors. Enzyme and Microbial Technology, 89, 15–30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enzmictec.2016.03.002
Soledad Vázquez-Garcidueñas, M., Cristina Meléndez-Ceja, S., & Vázquez-Marrufo RESUMEN, G. (2015). Ensayo de PCR multiplex para la detección en leche del género Salmonella, la subespecie I y el serotipo Typhimurium A multiplex PCR assay for detection of genus Salmonella, subspecies I, and serotype Typhimurium in milk. Rev Mex Cienc Pecu, 6(3), 329–335
Sylvere, N., Mustopa, A. Z., Budiarti, S., Meilina, L., Hertati, A., & Handayani, I. (2023). Whole-genome sequence analysis and probiotic characteristics of Lactococcus lactis Subsp. lactis strain Lac3 isolated from traditional fermented buffalo milk (Dadih). Journal of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, 21(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s43141-023-00503-y
Tamime, A. Y., & Robinson, R. K. (2007). Tamime and Robinson’s Yoghurt: Science and Technology: Third Edition. In Tamime and Robinson’s Yoghurt: Science and Technology: Third Edition. https://doi.org/10.1533/9781845692612
Tong, S. Y. C., Davis, J. S., Eichenberger, E., Holland, T. L., & Fowler, V. G. (2015). Staphylococcus aureus infections: Epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, and management. Clinical Microbiology Reviews, 28(3), 603–661. https://doi.org/10.1128/CMR.00134-14
Tsai, K., Nonnenmann, M. W., Rohlman, D., & Baker, K. K. (2023). Development of Shortened Enrichment Methods for Detection of Salmonella Typhimurium Spiked in Milk. ACS Food Science and Technology, 3(5), 831–837. https://doi.org/10.1021/ACSFOODSCITECH.2C00310/ASSET/IMAGES/LARGE/FS2C00310_0003.JPEG
Valero Díaz, A. (2020). Los criterios microbiológicos: principios para su establecimiento y aplicación en la seguridad alimentaria. Arbor, 196(795), 537. https://doi.org/10.3989/arbor.2020.795n1001
Valtek diagnostics. (2021). Agar Xilosa - Lisina - Desoxicolato (Agar XLD). https://www.valtek.cl/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Agar-XLD-Valtek-Version-3.pdf
Van Weemen, B. K., & Schuurs, A. H. W. M. (1971). Immunoassay using antigen-enzyme conjugates. FEBS Letters, 15(3), 232–236. https://doi.org/10.1016/0014-5793(71)80319-8
Vázquez-Garcidueñas, M. S., Meléndez-Ceja, S. C., & Vázquez-Marrufo, G. (2015). A multiplex PCR assay for detection of genus Salmonella, subspecies I, and serotype Typhimurium in milk | Ensayo de PCR multiplex para la detección en leche del género Salmonella, la subespecie I y el serotipo Typhimurium. Revista Mexicana De Ciencias Pecuarias, 6(3), 329–335. https://doi.org/10.22319/rmcp.v6i3.4095
World Health Organization. (2015). WHO estimates of the global burden of foodborne diseases: foodborne disease burden epidemiology reference group 2007-2015. World Health Organization. https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/199350
Zhang, Y., & Ozdemir, P. (2009). Microfluidic DNA amplification-A review. Analytica Chimica Acta, 638(2), 115–125. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2009.02.038
dc.rights.coar.fl_str_mv http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
dc.rights.license.spa.fl_str_mv Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacional
dc.rights.uri.spa.fl_str_mv http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
dc.rights.accessrights.spa.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
rights_invalid_str_mv Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacional
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.format.extent.spa.fl_str_mv 77 páginas
dc.format.mimetype.spa.fl_str_mv application/pdf
dc.publisher.spa.fl_str_mv Universidad Nacional de Colombia
dc.publisher.program.spa.fl_str_mv Medellín - Ciencias - Maestría en Ciencias - Biotecnología
dc.publisher.faculty.spa.fl_str_mv Facultad de Ciencias
dc.publisher.place.spa.fl_str_mv Medellín, Colombia
dc.publisher.branch.spa.fl_str_mv Universidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Medellín
institution Universidad Nacional de Colombia
bitstream.url.fl_str_mv https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/bitstream/unal/85828/1/license.txt
https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/bitstream/unal/85828/2/1035428317.2023.pdf
https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/bitstream/unal/85828/3/1035428317.2023.pdf.jpg
bitstream.checksum.fl_str_mv eb34b1cf90b7e1103fc9dfd26be24b4a
7994a618671a5e0e0d2e4e1713b9459d
57f88aaf5df1436b98064bdb94f71b96
bitstream.checksumAlgorithm.fl_str_mv MD5
MD5
MD5
repository.name.fl_str_mv Repositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de Colombia
repository.mail.fl_str_mv repositorio_nal@unal.edu.co
_version_ 1814089950026530816
spelling Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacionalhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Montoya Campuzano, Olga Inés4b04a4a60b5a0df6e629979838d9c079Arango Isaza, Rafael Eduardob7e61322453072ebf7408a0f587e39c1Camacho Montoya, Luisa Fernandab64e16afb91cef59d54438fd34f9815fProbióticos: Prospección Funcional y Metabolitos2024-03-22T18:40:12Z2024-03-22T18:40:12Z2023https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/handle/unal/85828Universidad Nacional de ColombiaRepositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de Colombiahttps://repositorio.unal.edu.co/ilustraciones, fotografíasLa leche es una matriz alimenticia con gran contenido nutricional, lo que estimula el crecimiento de bacterias como Salmonella Typhimurium y Staphylococcus aureus de alto impacto en la seguridad alimentaria, además, con una alta prevalencia en la leche, por lo que es necesario establecer metodologías para su detección. En este estudio se inocularon muestras de leche con estos microorganismos para establecer la capacidad del método horizontal, inmunológico (ELISA) y molecular (PCR) para detectarlos, para ello, se evaluó la detección del método horizontal inoculando simultáneamente S. Typhimurium.y S. aureus en leche cruda y ultrapasteurizada (UHT), también se realizaron pruebas inoculando leche UHT con estos dos microorganismos y la Bacteria ácido láctica (BAL) de la especie Lactococcus lactis para evaluar la detección de ellos en presencia de una bacteria que puede hacer parte de la microbiota de la leche. Con los métodos horizontal y ELISA se identificó S. Typhimurium en todas las muestras, mientras que la PCR no logró su identificación. Por otro lado, S. aureus solo se identificó por el método horizontal con un 90% de detección. En la inoculación simultánea se compararon los resultados con el recuento de UFC/mL de S. aureus, debido a que para S. Typhimurium no se requiere recuento sino ausencia/presencia. Se encontró que en la muestra de leche UHT inoculada con S. Typhimurium.y S. aureus se observó un mayor recuento que en la leche cruda, lo que indica que la microbiota presente en la leche cruda pudo ejercer un efecto inhibidor sobre el crecimiento de S. aureus; en contraste, la leche UHT inoculada adicionalmente con L. lactis, tuvo un mayor crecimiento que en todas las inoculaciones, lo que sugiere algún tipo de interacción entre los tres microorganismos. (Tomado de la fuente)Milk is a nutritional matrix with high nutritional content, which promotes the growth of bacteria such as Salmonella Typhimurium and Staphylococcus aureus, having a significant impact on food safety. Moreover, these bacteria have a high prevalence in milk, making it necessary to establish methodologies for their detection. In this study, milk samples were inoculated with these microorganisms to assess the capability of the horizontal, immunological (ELISA), and molecular (PCR) methods for detection. The horizontal method detection was evaluated by simultaneously inoculating S. Typhimurium and S. aureus in raw and ultra-pasteurized milk (UHT). Tests were also conducted by inoculating UHT milk with these two microorganisms and lactic acid bacteria (LAB) of the Lactococcus lactis species to evaluate their detection in the presence of bacteria that may be part of milk's microbiota. Using the horizontal and ELISA methods, S. Typhimurium was identified in all samples, while PCR failed to identify it. On the other hand, S. aureus was only identified by the horizontal method with a detection rate of 90%. In the simultaneous inoculation, the results were compared with the S. aureus colony-forming units per milliliter (CFU/mL) count, as S. Typhimurium requires absence/presence rather than a count. It was found that in the UHT milk sample inoculated with S. Typhimurium and S. aureus, a higher count was observed than in raw milk, indicating that the microbiota present in raw milk could exert an inhibitory effect on the growth of S. aureus. In contrast, UHT milk inoculated additionally with L. lactis had higher growth than in all inoculations, suggesting some type of interaction among the three microorganisms.MaestríaMagíster en Ciencias - BiotecnologíaMicrobiología de alimentosBiotecnología.Sede Medellín77 páginasapplication/pdfspaUniversidad Nacional de ColombiaMedellín - Ciencias - Maestría en Ciencias - BiotecnologíaFacultad de CienciasMedellín, ColombiaUniversidad Nacional de Colombia - Sede Medellín660 - Ingeniería química::664 - Tecnología de alimentos570 - Biología::579 - Historia natural microorganismos, hongos, algasLeche - InvestigacionesBacteriología de la leche - InvestigacionesAnálisis microbiológicoTécnicas inmunológicasEnfermedades transmitidas por alimentosLeche - Análisis - NormasConservación de alimentosEnfermedades bacterianasSalmonella TyphimuriumStaphylococcus aureusLactococcus lactisLeche ultrapasteurizadaLeche crudaMétodo horizontalELISAUltrapasteurized milkRaw milkHorizontal MethodEvaluación de algunos métodos tradicionales de identificación para detectar Salmonella spp. y Staphylococcus aureus coagulasa positiva en lecheEvaluation of some traditional identification methods to detect Salmonella spp. and Staphylococcus aureus coagulase positive in milkTrabajo de grado - Maestríainfo:eu-repo/semantics/masterThesisinfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersionTexthttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/TMLaReferenciaAgarwal, A., Awasthi, V., Dua, A., Ganguly, S., Garg, V., & Marwaha, S. S. (2012). Microbiological profile of milk: impact of household practices. Indian Journal of Public Health. https://www-scopus-com.ezproxy.unal.edu.co/record/display.uri?eid=2-s2.0-84864590874&origin=reflist&sort=plf-f&src=s&sid=7af4d3155df3a2121a2d2147fab97c33&sot=b&sdt=b&sl=137&s=TITLE-ABS-KEY%28Usefulness+of+Potentially+Probiotic+L.+lactis+Isolates+from+Polish+Fermented+Cow+Milk+for+the+Production+of+Cottage+Cheese%29Akbar, A., Sadiq, M. B., Ali, I., Anwar, M., Muhammad, N., Muhammad, J., Shafee, M., Ullah, S., Gul, Z., Qasim, S., Ahmad, S., & Anal, A. K. (2019). Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis isolated from fermented milk products and its antimicrobial potential. Http://Mc.Manuscriptcentral.Com/Tcyt, 17(1), 214–220. https://doi.org/10.1080/19476337.2019.1575474Aljasir, S. F., & D’Amico, D. J. (2020). The effect of protective cultures on Staphylococcus aureus growth and enterotoxin production. Food Microbiology, 91, 103541. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.FM.2020.103541Argudín, M. A., Mendoza, M. C., & Rodicio, M. R. (2010). Food Poisoning and Staphylococcus aureus Enterotoxins. Toxins, 2(7), 1751–1773. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins2071751Batista Gutiérrez, L., Manuel ROSADO GARCÍA, F., Isabel GONZÁLEZ GONZÁLEZ, M., & Villar Saavedra, A. (2019). IMPLEMENTATION OF A SCREENING TECHNIQUE FOR THE IDENTIFICATION OF SALMONELLA SPP. IN SURFACE WATER. Higiene y Sanidad Ambiental, 19(2), 1749–1754Bianchi, D. M., Maurella, C., Lenzi, C., Fornasiero, M., Barbaro, A., & Decastelli, L. (2022). Influence of Season and Food Type on Bacterial and Entero-Toxigenic Prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus. Toxins 2022, Vol. 14, Page 671, 14(10), 671. https://doi.org/10.3390/TOXINS14100671Bordin, G., Cordeiro Raposo, F., De La Calle, B., & Rodriguez, A. R. (2001). Identification and quantification of major bovine milk proteins by liquid chromatography. Journal of Chromatography A, 928(1), 63–76. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9673(01)01097-4Camaró-Sala, M. L., Martínez-García, R., Olmos-Martínez, P., Catalá-Cuenca, V., Ocete-Mochón, M. D., & Gimeno-Cardona, C. (2015). Validation and verfication of microbiology methods | Validación y verificación analítica de los métodos microbiológicos. Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiologia Clinica Monografias, 33(7), e31–e36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eimc.2013.11.010Castro, S. T., Rodríguez, C. R., Perazzi, B. E., Radice, M., Paz Sticotti, M., Muzio, H., Juárez, J., Gutkind, G., Famiglietti, A. M. R., Santini, P. I., & Vay, C. A. (2006). Comparación de diferentes métodos para identificar las especies del género Proteus. Revista Argentina de Microbiología v.38 n.3 Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires. http://www.scielo.org.ar/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0325-75412006000300002Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2021, July 16). Microbios y enfermedades transmitidos por los alimentos | Seguridad alimenticia | CDC. https://www.cdc.gov/foodsafety/es/foodborne-germs-es.htmlCenters for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (2019). Salmonella | CDC. Salmonella . https://www.cdc.gov/salmonella/index.htmlChacón, L., Barrantes, K., García, C., & Rosario, A. (2010). Estandarización de una PCR para la detección del gen invA de Salmonella spp. en lechuga. Revista de La Sociedad Venezolana de Microbiología, 30(1), 18–23. http://www.scielo.org.ve/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1315-25562010000100005&lng=es&nrm=iso&tlng=esChambers, H. F., & DeLeo, F. R. (2009). Waves of resistance: Staphylococcus aureus in the antibiotic era. Nature Reviews Microbiology, 7(9), 629–641. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrmicro2200Codex Alimentarius. (2011). Leche y Productos Lácteos Segunda edición. http://www.codexalimentarius.orgCorral, A., Morales, Y., Pazos, L., Ramírez, A., Martínez, R., & Muñoz, J. (2012). Quantification of cultivable bacteria by the “Massive Stamping Drop Plate” method. Revista Colombiana Biotecnología, 2, 147–156Côté-Gravel, J., & Malouin, F. (2019). Symposium review: Features of Staphylococcus aureus mastitis pathogenesis that guide vaccine development strategies. Journal of Dairy Science, 102(5), 4727–4740. https://doi.org/10.3168/JDS.2018-15272David, A., Porras Atencia, O. O., Bermúdez, S. C., Velasco Sánchez, N. J., & Osorio Padilla, M. L. (2016). Detección de Listeria ssp y Salmonella spp en queso y su relación con las caraterísticas fisicoquímicas. Revista Politécnica, Vol. 12, No. 23. https://revistas.elpoli.edu.co/index.php/pol/article/view/903Dhanashekar, R., Akkinepalli, S., & Nellutla, A. (2012). Milk-borne infections. An analysis of their potential effect on the milk industry. Germs, 2(3), 101. https://doi.org/10.11599/GERMS.2012.1020Dos Santos, P. H. C., Figueiredo, H. M., da SILVA, L. H. M., da SILVA, R. S. O., Cardoso, G. V. F., Moraes, C. M., & Rodrigues, A. M. da C. (2020). Evaluation of a rapid detection method of Salmonella in comparison with the culture method and microbiological quality in fish from the Brazilian Amazon. Food Science and Technology, 41(1), 151–157. https://doi.org/10.1590/FST.38719Doyle, M. P., Diez-Gonzalez, F., & Hill, C. (2019). Food microbiology: Fundamentals and frontiers. In Food Microbiology: Fundamentals and Frontiers. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781683670476Drake, P., Chen, Y.-C., Lehmann, I., & Jiang, P.-S. (2015). Nanoparticle labels for pathogen detection through nucleic acid amplification tests. Microfluidics and Nanofluidics, 19(2), 299–305. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10404-014-1530-8Ertas, N., Gonulalan, Z., Yildirim, Y., & Kum, E. (2010). Detection of Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxins in sheep cheese and dairy desserts by multiplex PCR technique. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 142(1–2), 74–77. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.IJFOODMICRO.2010.06.002European Commission. (2005). Commission Regulation (EC) No 2073/2005 of 15 November 2005 on microbiological criteria for foodstuffs. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/ES/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:02005R2073-20180101&from=ENFàbrega, A., & Vila, J. (2013). Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium skills to succeed in the host: Virulence and regulation. Clinical Microbiology Reviews, 26(2), 308–341. https://doi.org/10.1128/CMR.00066-12Foster, T. J. (2009). Colonization and infection of the human host by staphylococci: Adhesion, survival and immune evasion. Veterinary Dermatology, 20(5–6), 456–470. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3164.2009.00825.xGalván, M. del pilar. (2005). PROCESO BÁSICO DE LA LECHE Y EL QUESO. Revista Digital Universitaria, 6. http://www.revista.unam.mx/vol.6/num9/art87/int87.htmGE Healthcare. (2007). Illustra bacteria genomicPrep Mini Spin KitGökmen-Polar, Y. (2018). Overview of PCR-Based Technologies and Multiplexed Gene Analysis for Biomarker Studies. In Predictive Biomarkers in Oncology: Applications in Precision Medicine. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-95228-4_5Gonzalez Pedraza, J. B., Sanandres, N. P., Varela, Z. S., Aguirre, E. H., & Camacho, J. V. (2014). Microbiological Isolation of Salmonella spp. And Molecular tools for detection | Aislamiento microbiológico de Salmonella spp. y herramientas moleculares para su detección. Salud Uninorte, 30(1), 73–94. https://doi.org/10.14482/sun.30.1.4316Havelaar, A. H., Kirk, M. D., Torgerson, P. R., Gibb, H. J., Hald, T., Lake, R. J., Praet, N., Bellinger, D. C., de Silva, N. R., Gargouri, N., Wu, F., & Zeilmaker, M. (2015). World Health Organization Global Estimates and Regional Comparisons of the Burden of Foodborne Disease in 2010. PLoS Medicine, 12(12). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001923Hernández Ramírez, D. F., & Cabiedes, J. (2010). Técnicas inmunológicas que apoyan el diagnóstico de las enfermedades autoinmunes. Reumatología Clínica, 6(3), 173–177. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.REUMA.2009.10.003Herrera, A., & Santos, F. (2015). PRESENCIA DE Staphylococcus aureus METICILINA-RESISTENTES EN QUESO DOBLE CREMA ARTESANAL PRESENCE OF METHICILLIN-RESISTANT Staphylococcus aureus INARTISAN DOUBLE CREAM CHEESE. Revista U.D.C.A Actualidad & Divulgación CientíficaHoffmann, S., Maculloch, B., & Batz, M. (2015). Economic burden of major foodborne illnesses acquired in the United States. In Economic Cost of Foodborne Illnesses in the United StatesHoppe, C., Mølgaard, C., & Michaelsen, K. F. (2006). Cow’s milk and linear growth in industrialized and developing countries. Annual Review of Nutrition, 26, 131–173. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.nutr.26.010506.103757Hosseini, S. M., Arabestani, M. R., Mahmoodi, H., & Farhangara, E. (2015). Prevalence of G, H, I, J Enterotoxin Genes and antibacterial susceptibility pattern in staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from different foods. Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, 25(123), 1–10ICONTEC - Instituto Colombiano de Normas Técnicas. (2002, October 30). Productos lacteos. Leche pasteurizada.(NTC 506). ICONTEC E-Collection. https://ecollection-icontec-org.ezproxy.unal.edu.co/normavw.aspx?ID=4257ICONTEC - Instituto Colombiano de Normas Técnicas. (2004, February 25). Productos lacteos. Leche uat -uht- ultra alta temperatura larga vida y leche ultrapasteurizada. (NTC 3856). ICONTEC E-Collection. https://ecollection-icontec-org.ezproxy.unal.edu.co/normavw.aspx?ID=2899ICONTEC - Instituto Colombiano de Normas Técnicas. (2007a, March 21). Microbiologia de alimentos y de alimentos para animales. Método horizontal para la detección de salmonella spp. (NTC 4574). ICONTEC E-Collection. https://ecollection-icontec-org.ezproxy.unal.edu.co/normavw.aspx?ID=3690ICONTEC - Instituto Colombiano de Normas Técnicas. (2007b, August 29). Microbiologia de alimentos y alimentos para animales. Metodo horizontal para el recuento de estafilococos coagulasa positiva (staphylococcus aureus y otras especies). (NTC4779). ICONTEC E-Collection. https://ecollection-icontec-org.ezproxy.unal.edu.co/normavw.aspx?ID=3917ICONTEC - Instituto Colombiano de Normas Técnicas. (2023). Certificación de Producto - Icontec. ICONTEC. https://www.icontec.org/certificacion-de-producto/ISO. (2021). Microbiología de la cadena alimentaria. Método horizontal para la detección, enumeración y serotipado de Salmonella. Parte 1: Detección de Salmonella spp. Modificación 1: Ampliación del rango de temperaturas de incubación, modificación del estado del Anexo D y corrección de la composición de los medios MSRV y SC. (ISO 6579-1:2017/Amd 1:2020)ISO. (2022). Microbiología de la cadena alimentaria. Método horizontal para el recuento de estafilococos coagulasa positivos (Staphylococcus aureus y otras especies). Parte 1: Método que utiliza un medio de agar Baird-Parker. (ISO 6888-1:2021)Jay James M, L. M. J. G. D. A. (2005). Modern Food MicrobiologyJayarao, B. M., & Henning, D. R. (2001). Prevalence of foodborne pathogens in bulk tank milk. Journal of Dairy Science, 84(10), 2157–2162. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(01)74661-9Kav, K., Col, R., & Ardic, M. (2011). Characterization of Staphylococcus aureus Isolates from White-Brined Urfa Cheese. Journal of Food Protection, 74(11), 1788–1796. https://doi.org/10.4315/0362-028X.JFP-11-179Kirk, M. D., Pires, S. M., Black, R. E., Caipo, M., Crump, J. A., Devleesschauwer, B., Döpfer, D., Fazil, A., Fischer-Walker, C. L., Hald, T., Havelaar, A. H., & Angulo, F. J. (2015). World Health Organization Estimates of the Global and Regional Disease Burden of 22 Foodborne Bacterial, Protozoal, and Viral Diseases, 2010: A Data Synthesis. PLoS Medicine, 12(12). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001921Kong, J., Fan, C., Liao, X., Chen, A., Yang, S., Zhao, L., & Li, H. (2022). Accurate detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium based on the combination of next-generation sequencing and droplet digital PCR. LWT, 168, 113913. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.LWT.2022.113913Koskinen, M. T., Wellenberg, G. J., Sampimon, O. C., Holopainen, J., Rothkamp, A., Salmikivi, L., van Haeringen, W. A., Lam, T. J. G. M., & Pyörälä, S. (2010). Field comparison of real-time polymerase chain reaction and bacterial culture for identification of bovine mastitis bacteria. Journal of Dairy Science, 93(12), 5707–5715. https://doi.org/10.3168/JDS.2010-3167Laboratorios Britania. (2012). T.S.I. Agar (Triple Sugar Iron Agar). https://www.britanialab.com/back/public/upload/productos/upl_6070971eb11bd.pdfLaboratorios Britania. (2021a). Baird Parker Agar Base. https://www.britanialab.com/back/public/upload/productos/upl_607060f71db9b.pdfLaboratorios Britania. (2021b). Christensen Medio (Urea Agar Base). https://www.britanialab.com/back/public/upload/productos/upl_6054e95043249.pdfLaboratorios Britania. (2021c). Lisina Hierro Agar. https://www.britanialab.com/back/public/upload/productos/upl_6054e85d48c47.pdfLaboratorios Britania. (2021d). Simmons Citrato Agar. https://www.britanialab.com/back/public/upload/productos/upl_607092758cfa8.pdfLuigi, T., Rojas, L., & Valbuena, O. (2015). Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for identification of Salmonella spp. using the invA gene | Reacción en cadena de la polimerasa para la identificación de Salmonella spp. Usando el gen invA. Salus, 19(3), 41–46MacFaddin, J. F. (2003). Pruebas bioquímicas para la identificación de bacterias de importancia clínicaMakovec, J. A., & Ruegg, P. L. (2003). Results of Milk Samples Submitted for Microbiological Examination in Wisconsin from 1994 to 2001. Journal of Dairy Science, 86(11), 3466–3472. https://doi.org/10.3168/JDS.S0022-0302(03)73951-4Microbiologics. (2023). Epower Quantitated Control Organisms │ Microbiologics. Epower Quantitated Control Organisms . https://www.microbiologics.com/item-type/Product/product-format/EpowerMicrobiologics Salmonella enterica. (2023). Microbiologics : 0363E4 Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium derived from ATCC® 14028TM* Epower. https://www.microbiologics.com/0363E4Microbiologics Staphylococcus aureus. (2023). Microbiologics : 0360E4 Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus derived from ATCC® 25923TM* Epower. https://www.microbiologics.com/0360E4Modabber, F. Z., & Bahr, G. M. (1979). Binding of antigen-enzyme complex by antigen-binding cells as an approach for immunodiagnosis. Infection and Immunity, 23(1), 49–53. https://doi.org/10.1128/iai.23.1.49-53.1979Myint, M. S., Johnson, Y. J., Tablante, N. L., & Heckert, R. A. (2006). The effect of pre-enrichment protocol on the sensitivity and specificity of PCR for detection of naturally contaminated Salmonella in raw poultry compared to conventional culture. Food Microbiology, 23(6), 599–604. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.FM.2005.09.002Neelam, Jain, V. K., Singh, M., Joshi, V. G., Chhabra, R., Singh, K., & Rana, Y. S. (2022). Virulence and antimicrobial resistance gene profiles of Staphylococcus aureus associated with clinical mastitis in cattle. PLOS ONE, 17(5), e0264762. https://doi.org/10.1371/JOURNAL.PONE.0264762Nia, Y., Lombard, B., Gentil, S., Neveux, L., Mutel, I., Guillier, F., Messio, S., Pairaud, S., Herbin, S., Guillier, L., Auvray, F., & Hennekinne, J. A. (2021). Development and validation of the Standard method EN ISO 19020 - microbiology of the food chain — Horizontal method for the immunoenzymatic detection of staphylococcal enterotoxins in foodstuffs. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 354, 109319. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.IJFOODMICRO.2021.109319Nia, Y., Rodriguez, M., Zeleny, R., Herbin, S., Auvray, F., Fiebig, U., Avondet, M. A., Munoz, A., & Hennekinne, J. A. (2016). Organization and ELISA-Based Results of the First Proficiency Testing to Evaluate the Ability of European Union Laboratories to Detect Staphylococcal Enterotoxin Type B (SEB) in Buffer and Milk. Toxins 2016, Vol. 8, Page 268, 8(9), 268. https://doi.org/10.3390/TOXINS8090268Oliveira, R., Pinho, E., Almeida, G., Azevedo, N. F., & Almeida, C. (2022). Prevalence and Diversity of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcal Enterotoxins in Raw Milk From Northern Portugal. Frontiers in Microbiology, 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/FMICB.2022.846653/FULLOstyn, A., Guillier, F., Prufer, A. L., Papinaud, I., Messio, S., Krys, S., Lombard, B., & Hennekinne, J. A. (2011). Intra‐laboratory validation of the Ridascreen® SET Total kit for detecting staphylococcal enterotoxins SEA to SEE in cheese. Letters in Applied Microbiology, 52(5), 468–474. https://doi.org/10.1111/J.1472-765X.2011.03025.XPaco González Ulibarry. (2018). Definiciones de Leche y Queso. Biblioteca Del Congreso Nacional de Chile/BCN-Asesoría Técnica Parlamentaria. http://bcn.cl/22oicPaniel, N., & Noguer, T. (2019). Detection of Salmonella in Food Matrices, from Conventional Methods to Recent Aptamer-Sensing Technologies. Foods 2019, Vol. 8, Page 371, 8(9), 371. https://doi.org/10.3390/FOODS8090371Park, C. E., Warburton, D., & Laffey, P. J. (1996). A collaborative study on the detection of staphylococcal enterotoxins in foods by an enzyme immunoassay kit (RIDASCREEN®). International Journal of Food Microbiology, 29(2–3), 281–295. https://doi.org/10.1016/0168-1605(95)00046-1Parra, M., Durango, J., Máttar, S., & De Tema, R. (2002). MICROBIOLOGÍA, PATOGÉNESIS, EPIDEMIOLOGÍA, CLÍNICA Y DIAGNÓSTICO DE LAS INFECCIONES PRODUCIDAS POR Salmonella. 7(2), 187–200PAST - Download. (n.d.). Retrieved July 31, 2023, from https://past.en.lo4d.com/windowsPitkälä, A., Gindonis, V., Wallin, H., & Honkanen-Buzalski, T. (2005). Interlaboratory Proficiency Testing as a Tool for Improving Performance in Laboratories Diagnosing Bovine Mastitis. Journal of Dairy Science, 88(2), 553–559. https://doi.org/10.3168/JDS.S0022-0302(05)72717-XPoljak, M., Seme, K., & Koren, S. (1996). The polymerase chain reaction: A critical review of its uses and limitations in diagnostic microbiology. Periodicum Biologorum, 98(2), 183–190Pytka, M., Kordowska-Wiater, M., Wajs, J., Glibowski, P., & Sajnaga, E. (2022). Usefulness of Potentially Probiotic L. lactis Isolates from Polish Fermented Cow Milk for the Production of Cottage Cheese. Applied Sciences (Switzerland), 12(23). https://doi.org/10.3390/app122312088Quigley, L., O’sullivan, O., Stanton, C., Beresford, T. P., Ross, R. P., Fitzgerald, G. F., & Cotter, P. D. (2013). The complex microbiota of raw milk. FEMS MICROBIOLOGY REVIEWS , 664–698. https://doi.org/10.1111/1574-6976.12030R: The R Project for Statistical Computing. (n.d.). Retrieved July 31, 2023, from https://www.r-project.org/R-Biopharm, D. G. (2016, June 27). R 4201 Ridascreen Salmonella. R-Biopharm AG, Darmstadt, Germany. https://www.engormix.com/biopharm-latinoamerica/4201-ridascreen-salmonella-sh6718_pr22669.htmR-Biopharm, D. G. (2017, August 9). RIDASCREEN® SET Total (96 pruebas) - Análisis de alimentos y piensos. R-Biopharm AG, Darmstadt, Germany. https://food.r-biopharm.com/products/ridascreen-set-total/Rivera de la Cruz, J. F., Villegas de Gante, A., Miranda Romero, L. A., García Cué, J. L., Rivera de la Cruz, J. F., Villegas de Gante, A., Miranda Romero, L. A., & García Cué, J. L. (2017). Identificación de bacterias acidolácticas antagónicas de Salmonella enterica var. Typhimurium aisladas de queso artesanal. Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Agrícolas, 8(4), 785–797. https://doi.org/10.29312/remexca.v8i4.7Rosec, J. P., & Gigaud, O. (2002). Staphylococcal enterotoxin genes of classical and new types detected by PCR in France. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 77(1–2), 61–70. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-1605(02)00044-2Sartori, C., Boss, R., Ivanovic, I., & Graber, H. U. (2017). Development of a new real-time quantitative PCR assay for the detection of Staphylococcus aureus genotype B in cow milk, targeting the new gene adlb. Journal of Dairy Science, 100(10), 7834–7845. https://doi.org/10.3168/JDS.2017-12820Scallan, E., Hoekstra, R. M., Angulo, F. J., Tauxe, R. V., Widdowson, M.-A., Roy, S. L., Jones, J. L., & Griffin, P. M. (2011a). Foodborne illness acquired in the United States-Major pathogens. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 17(1), 7–15. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid1701.P11101Scallan, E., Hoekstra, R. M., Mahon, B. E., Jones, T. F., & Griffin, P. M. (2015). An assessment of the human health impact of seven leading foodborne pathogens in the United States using disability adjusted life years. Epidemiology and Infection, 143(13), 2795–2804. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0950268814003185Scharff, R. L. (2012). Economic burden from health losses due to foodborne illness in the united states. Journal of Food Protection, 75(1), 123–131. https://doi.org/10.4315/0362-028X.JFP-11-058Schilcher, K., & Horswill, A. R. (2020). Staphylococcal Biofilm Development: Structure, Regulation, and Treatment Strategies. Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews, 84(3). https://doi.org/10.1128/MMBR.00026-19Sergelidis, D., & Angelidis, A. S. (2017). Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: a controversial food-borne pathogen. Letters in Applied Microbiology, 64(6), 409–418. https://doi.org/10.1111/lam.12735Sharma, R., Singh, M., & Sharma, A. (2002). Polymerase chain reaction: An emerging tool for research in pharmacology. Indian Journal of Pharmacology, 34(4), 229–236Sharma, S., Raghav, R., O’Kennedy, R., & Srivastava, S. (2016). Advances in ovarian cancer diagnosis: A journey from immunoassays to immunosensors. Enzyme and Microbial Technology, 89, 15–30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enzmictec.2016.03.002Soledad Vázquez-Garcidueñas, M., Cristina Meléndez-Ceja, S., & Vázquez-Marrufo RESUMEN, G. (2015). Ensayo de PCR multiplex para la detección en leche del género Salmonella, la subespecie I y el serotipo Typhimurium A multiplex PCR assay for detection of genus Salmonella, subspecies I, and serotype Typhimurium in milk. Rev Mex Cienc Pecu, 6(3), 329–335Sylvere, N., Mustopa, A. Z., Budiarti, S., Meilina, L., Hertati, A., & Handayani, I. (2023). Whole-genome sequence analysis and probiotic characteristics of Lactococcus lactis Subsp. lactis strain Lac3 isolated from traditional fermented buffalo milk (Dadih). Journal of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, 21(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s43141-023-00503-yTamime, A. Y., & Robinson, R. K. (2007). Tamime and Robinson’s Yoghurt: Science and Technology: Third Edition. In Tamime and Robinson’s Yoghurt: Science and Technology: Third Edition. https://doi.org/10.1533/9781845692612Tong, S. Y. C., Davis, J. S., Eichenberger, E., Holland, T. L., & Fowler, V. G. (2015). Staphylococcus aureus infections: Epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, and management. Clinical Microbiology Reviews, 28(3), 603–661. https://doi.org/10.1128/CMR.00134-14Tsai, K., Nonnenmann, M. W., Rohlman, D., & Baker, K. K. (2023). Development of Shortened Enrichment Methods for Detection of Salmonella Typhimurium Spiked in Milk. ACS Food Science and Technology, 3(5), 831–837. https://doi.org/10.1021/ACSFOODSCITECH.2C00310/ASSET/IMAGES/LARGE/FS2C00310_0003.JPEGValero Díaz, A. (2020). Los criterios microbiológicos: principios para su establecimiento y aplicación en la seguridad alimentaria. Arbor, 196(795), 537. https://doi.org/10.3989/arbor.2020.795n1001Valtek diagnostics. (2021). Agar Xilosa - Lisina - Desoxicolato (Agar XLD). https://www.valtek.cl/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Agar-XLD-Valtek-Version-3.pdfVan Weemen, B. K., & Schuurs, A. H. W. M. (1971). Immunoassay using antigen-enzyme conjugates. FEBS Letters, 15(3), 232–236. https://doi.org/10.1016/0014-5793(71)80319-8Vázquez-Garcidueñas, M. S., Meléndez-Ceja, S. C., & Vázquez-Marrufo, G. (2015). A multiplex PCR assay for detection of genus Salmonella, subspecies I, and serotype Typhimurium in milk | Ensayo de PCR multiplex para la detección en leche del género Salmonella, la subespecie I y el serotipo Typhimurium. Revista Mexicana De Ciencias Pecuarias, 6(3), 329–335. https://doi.org/10.22319/rmcp.v6i3.4095World Health Organization. (2015). WHO estimates of the global burden of foodborne diseases: foodborne disease burden epidemiology reference group 2007-2015. World Health Organization. https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/199350Zhang, Y., & Ozdemir, P. (2009). Microfluidic DNA amplification-A review. Analytica Chimica Acta, 638(2), 115–125. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2009.02.038EstudiantesInvestigadoresMaestrosPúblico generalLICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-85879https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/bitstream/unal/85828/1/license.txteb34b1cf90b7e1103fc9dfd26be24b4aMD51ORIGINAL1035428317.2023.pdf1035428317.2023.pdfTesis de Maestría en Biotecnologíaapplication/pdf1313937https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/bitstream/unal/85828/2/1035428317.2023.pdf7994a618671a5e0e0d2e4e1713b9459dMD52THUMBNAIL1035428317.2023.pdf.jpg1035428317.2023.pdf.jpgGenerated Thumbnailimage/jpeg5385https://repositorio.unal.edu.co/bitstream/unal/85828/3/1035428317.2023.pdf.jpg57f88aaf5df1436b98064bdb94f71b96MD53unal/85828oai:repositorio.unal.edu.co:unal/858282024-08-23 23:11:32.34Repositorio Institucional Universidad Nacional de Colombiarepositorio_nal@unal.edu.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