Identificación de disruptores endocrinos en carne de pollo: Revisión documental

Los Disruptores Endocrinos (DE) son sustancias consideradas como alteradores de la homeostasis del organismo animal, vegetal y humano, sus orígenes pueden darse de forma natural del cuerpo biótico o de forma externa por contacto con algún tipo de compuesto químico, generando tanto efectos acumulativ...

Full description

Autores:
Giraldo Chaparro, Lizeth Verónica
Diaz Bernal, Daniela Valentina
Cubides Acero, Paula Julieth
Tipo de recurso:
Trabajo de grado de pregrado
Fecha de publicación:
2021
Institución:
Colegio Mayor de Cundinamarca
Repositorio:
Repositorio Colegio Mayor de Cundinamarca
Idioma:
spa
OAI Identifier:
oai:repositorio.unicolmayor.edu.co:unicolmayor/5601
Acceso en línea:
https://repositorio.unicolmayor.edu.co/handle/unicolmayor/5601
Palabra clave:
Efectos disruptores endocrinos
Consumo de pollo
Disruptor Endocrino
Carne de Pollo
Rights
closedAccess
License
Derechos Reservados - Universidad Colegio Mayor de Cundinamarca, 2021
id UCOLMAYOR2_e893a55d778b58056576d73bbf2e5a58
oai_identifier_str oai:repositorio.unicolmayor.edu.co:unicolmayor/5601
network_acronym_str UCOLMAYOR2
network_name_str Repositorio Colegio Mayor de Cundinamarca
repository_id_str
dc.title.spa.fl_str_mv Identificación de disruptores endocrinos en carne de pollo: Revisión documental
title Identificación de disruptores endocrinos en carne de pollo: Revisión documental
spellingShingle Identificación de disruptores endocrinos en carne de pollo: Revisión documental
Efectos disruptores endocrinos
Consumo de pollo
Disruptor Endocrino
Carne de Pollo
title_short Identificación de disruptores endocrinos en carne de pollo: Revisión documental
title_full Identificación de disruptores endocrinos en carne de pollo: Revisión documental
title_fullStr Identificación de disruptores endocrinos en carne de pollo: Revisión documental
title_full_unstemmed Identificación de disruptores endocrinos en carne de pollo: Revisión documental
title_sort Identificación de disruptores endocrinos en carne de pollo: Revisión documental
dc.creator.fl_str_mv Giraldo Chaparro, Lizeth Verónica
Diaz Bernal, Daniela Valentina
Cubides Acero, Paula Julieth
dc.contributor.advisor.none.fl_str_mv Gutiérrez Suarez, Jennifer Carolina
dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv Giraldo Chaparro, Lizeth Verónica
Diaz Bernal, Daniela Valentina
Cubides Acero, Paula Julieth
dc.subject.lemb.none.fl_str_mv Efectos disruptores endocrinos
Consumo de pollo
topic Efectos disruptores endocrinos
Consumo de pollo
Disruptor Endocrino
Carne de Pollo
dc.subject.proposal.spa.fl_str_mv Disruptor Endocrino
Carne de Pollo
description Los Disruptores Endocrinos (DE) son sustancias consideradas como alteradores de la homeostasis del organismo animal, vegetal y humano, sus orígenes pueden darse de forma natural del cuerpo biótico o de forma externa por contacto con algún tipo de compuesto químico, generando tanto efectos acumulativos como perjudiciales en cualquier etapa del ciclo vital. Al verse esta afectación en cualquier organismo, la cadena alimentaria puede ser considerada una de las principales vías de exposición de los DE, siendo los grandes mamíferos, grandes depredadores, y en especial los humanos quienes terminen con la mayor concentración de DE resguardado en su ser. La carne de pollo, al ser un producto de alto consumo global, y debido a los procesos industriales a los que se ve expuesto, puede contaminarse por diferentes fuentes a DE y llevarlos a los potenciales consumidores. Para ello, se realizó una revisión documental de 76 artículos científicos y 13 documentos oficiales donde se obtuvieron los siguientes resultados: Los principales DE encontrados en carne de pollo eran plastificantes (ftalatos, bisfenol A), dietilestilbestrol, bifenilos (polibromados y policlorados) con 16,7% y las principales presas donde se encontraban fueron pechuga 28.2%, vísceras 20.5% y muslo 17.9%. La industria avícola junto a las entidades nacionales e internacionales deben vigilar, normar y controlar estas sustancias toda vez que su exposición genera impactos irreversibles en la salud pública.
publishDate 2021
dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv 2021-09-03
dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv 2022-06-14T18:35:47Z
dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv 2022-06-14T18:35:47Z
dc.type.spa.fl_str_mv Trabajo de grado - Pregrado
dc.type.coar.spa.fl_str_mv http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_7a1f
dc.type.coarversion.spa.fl_str_mv http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85
dc.type.content.spa.fl_str_mv Text
dc.type.driver.spa.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesis
dc.type.redcol.spa.fl_str_mv https://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/TP
dc.type.version.spa.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
format http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_7a1f
status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.uri.none.fl_str_mv https://repositorio.unicolmayor.edu.co/handle/unicolmayor/5601
url https://repositorio.unicolmayor.edu.co/handle/unicolmayor/5601
dc.language.iso.spa.fl_str_mv spa
language spa
dc.relation.references.spa.fl_str_mv Ruiz D, Patisaul H. Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals EDCs [Internet]. Hormone Health Network. [Cited 5 Apr 2020]. Available from: https://www.hormone.org/your-health-and-hormones/endocrine-disrupting-chemicals-edcs
Diamanti-Kandarakis E, Bourguigno J-P, Giudice LC, Hauser R, Prins GS, Soto A, et al. Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals: An Endocrine Society Scientific Statement. Endocr Rev [Internet]. 2009 [Cited 30 May 2020];30(4):293–342. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/er.2009-0002
Fideicomisos Instituidos en Relación con la Agricultura (FIRA). Panorama Agroalimentario Dirección de Investigación y Evaluación Económica y Sectorial Carne de pollo 2019.[Internet]. FIRA. [Citado 17 Septiembre 2020]. Disponible en: https://www.inforural.com.mx/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/Panorama-Agroalimentario-Carne -de-pollo-2019.pdf
Federación Nacional de Avicultores de Colombia (FENAVI).El sector avícola en Colombia creció 4,5% en 2018 [Internet]. FENAVI. 2018 [citado 20 Octubre 2020]. Disponible en: https://fenavi.org/comunicados-de-prensa/el-sector-avicola-crecio-45-en-2018/
Federación Nacional de Avicultores de Colombia (FENAVI). Consumo Per Cápita Mundial De Pollo [Internet]. FENAVI. 2020 [Citado 17 de Septiembre de 2020]. Disponible en: https://fenavi.org/estadisticas/consumo-per-capita-mundo-pollo/
Mantovani A. Endocrine Disrupters and the Safety of Food Chains. Horm Res Paediatr [Internet]. 2016 [cited 5 Sep 2020];86(4):279–88. Available from: https://www.karger.com/Article/Abstract/441496#
Colborn T, vom Saal FS, Soto AM. Developmental effects of endocrine-disrupting chemicals in wildlife and humans. Environ Health Perspect. [Internet]. 1993 [cited 6 Sep 2020];101(5):378-384. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1519860/
Bergan A, et al. Estado de la ciencia de los disruptores endocrinos 2012. [Internet] OMS 2012.[citado 30 Agosto 2020] Disponible en: https://wedocs.unep.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.11822/12223/EDCSP.pdf?sequence=5&isAll owed=y
Wesley RL, Korslund HJJ, Stadelman WJ. The Effect of Hormonization on Juiciness and Tenderness of Chicken Meat. Poultr [Internet]. 1958 [cited 17 Mar 2020];37(6):1443–6. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0032579119577616
Smith SK, Zabik ME, Dawson LE. Polybrominated biphenyl levels in raw and cooked chicken and chicken broth. Poult Sci. [Internet]. 1977. [cited 17 Mar 2020]; ;56(4):1289-96.Avaliable from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0032579119548271?via%3Dihub
Zabik M. Smith S. Cala Ro. Polybrominated Biphenyl Isomer Distribution in Raw and Cooked Chicken and Chicken Broth. Poult Sci. [Internet] 1979. [cited 17 Mar] 2020]; 58 (6): 1435-38. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0032579119344724
Ersoy E, Agthe O, Ergun H, Sel T, Güldür T. The determination of diethylstilbestrol (DES) in the faeces and tissues of chickens treated with DES and in the faeces and tissue samples of calves, lambs and chickens collected from various areas of Turkey. Dtsch Tierarztl Wochenschr. [Internet]; 1993 [cited 17 Mar 2020];100(11):450-3. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1501/vetfak_0000001446
Maervoet J, Chu SG, De Vos, Covaci A, Voorspoels S, De Schrijver, et al. Accumulation and tissue distribution of selected polychlorinated biphenyl congeners in chickens. Chemosp [Internet]. 2004 [cited 17 Mar 2020];57(1):61–6. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0045653504004643
Hotchkiss AK, Rider CV, Blystone CR, Wilson VS, Hartig PC, Ankley GT, et al. Fifteen Years after “Wingspread”—Environmental Endocrine Disrupters and Human and Wildlife Health: Where We are Today and Where We Need to Go. Toxsci [Internet]. 2008 [cited 4 Oct 2020];105(2):235–59. Available from: https://academic.oup.com/toxsci/article/105/2/235/1648354
Shao B, Hana H, Li D, Ma Y, Tu X, Wu Y. Analysis of alkylphenol and bisphenol A in meat by accelerated solvent extraction and liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. food che [Internet]. 2007 [cited 10 Nov 2020];105(3):1236–41. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S030881460700221X?via%3Dihub
Kassotis CD, Vandenberg LN, Demeneix BA, Porta M, Slama R, Trasande L. Endocrine-disrupting chemicals: economic, regulatory, and policy implications. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol [Internet]. [cited 10 Oct 2020];8(8):719–30. Available from: https://www.thelancet.com/journals/landia/article/PIIS2213-8587(20)30128-5/fulltext#articleI nformation
Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadística (DANE). Boletín mensual Insumos Y Factores Asociados A La Producción Agropecuaria El Pollo de engorde (Gallus domesticus), fuente proteica de excelente calidad en la alimentación y nutrición humana [Internet]. DANE 2015. [Citado 20 de Julio 2020].Boletín Núm. 36. Disponible en: https://www.dane.gov.co/files/investigaciones/agropecuario/sipsa/Bol_Insumos_jun_2015.pdf
Federación Nacional de Avicultores de Colombia ( FENAVI). Aspectos Productivos y Administrativos De La Industria Avicola [Internet]. Fenavi.org. 2019 [citado el 20 de agosto de 2021]. Disponible en: https://fenavi.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/aspectos-productivos-y-administrativos-en-la-i ndustria-av%c3%8dcola.pdf
Organización de las Naciones Unidas para la Alimentación y la Agricultura . REVISIÓN DEL DESARROLLO AVÍCOLA [Internet]. Fao.org. 2013 [Citado 12 de Julio de 2021]. Disponible en: http://www.fao.org/3/i3531s/i3531s.pdfO
Marel. El mundo del procesado avícola. [Internet]. Marel. [citado 19 noviembre 2020]. Disponible en: https://marel.com/media/65274/p1_poultry_industry_brochure_es.pdf
Scanes CG. The global importance of poultry. Poult Sci.[Internet] 2007[cited 4 Oct 2020]86(6):1057-8. doi: 10.1093/ps/86.6.1057. PMID: 17495072
Organización para la Cooperación y el Desarrollo Económicos OCDE, Organización de las Naciones Unidas para la Alimentación y la Agricultura FAO.Perspectivas Agrícolas 2019-2028 [Internet]. FAO,OCDE.2019. [citado 20 octubre 2020].Disponible en: http://www.fao.org/3/ca4076es/CA4076ES.pdf
Organización de las Naciones Unidas para la Alimentación y la Agricultura (FAO).Producción y productos avícolas [Internet]. FAO. [citado 20 Octubre 2020].Disponible en: http://www.fao.org/poultry-production-products/production/es/
Federación Nacional de Avicultores de Colombia (FENAVI). Pollo en cifras. En el 2017 alcanzó una tasa de crecimiento de 5,7% [Internet]. FENAVI. 2018 [citado 20 de Octubre de 2021]. Disponible en: https://fenavi.org/centro-de-noticias/noticia-destacada-del-centro-de-noticias/pollo-en-cifras/
Federación Nacional de Avicultores de Colombia (FENAVI).Información Estadística. Estadísticas del Sector [Internet]. FENAVI. 2018. [citado 20 Octubre 2020].Disponible en: https://fenavi.org/informacion-estadistica/#1552493998475-e6f6f123-90da
Darbre PD. The history of endocrine-disrupting chemicals. Curr. Opin. Endocr. Metab. Res. [Internet]. 2019 [cited 4 Oct 2020];7:26–33. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S245196501830067X?via%3Dihub
Nilsson R. Endocrine modulators in the food chain and environment. Toxicol Pathol [Internet]. 2000 [Cited 9 July 2021];28(3):420–31. Available from: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/019262330002800311
a guide for public interest organizations. plastics, edcs & health [Internet]. Endocrine.org. [citado el 20 de agosto de 2021]. Disponible en: https://www.endocrine.org/-/media/endocrine/files/topics/edc_guide_2020_v1_6chqennew-ve rsion.pdf
Lauretta R, Sansone A, Sansone M, Romanelli F, Appetecchia AM. Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals: Effects on Endocrine Glands. Front Endocrinol [Internet]. 2019 [cited 9 Oct 2020];10:178. Available from: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fendo.2019.00178/full
Encarnação T, Pais AA, Campos MG, Burrows HD. Endocrine disrupting chemicals: Impact on human health, wildlife and the environment. Science prog [Internet]. 2019 [cited 2020 Nov 24];102(1):3–42. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0036850419826802
Gore AC, Chappell VA, Fenton SE, Flaws JA, Nadal A, Prins GS, et al. EDC-2: The Endocrine Society’s Second Scientific Statement on Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals. Endocrine review [Internet]. 2015 [cited 2020 Aug 9];36(6):E1–150. Available from: https://academic.oup.com/edrv/article/36/6/E1/2354691
Monneret C. What is an endocrine disruptor? Comptes Rendus Bi [Internet]. 2017 [cited 2020 Aug 20];340(9–10):403–5. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1631069117301257?via%3Dihub
Kabir ER, Rahman MS, Rahman I. A review on endocrine disruptors and their possible impacts on human health. Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacolog [Internet]. 2015 [cited 2020 Aug 25];40(1):241–58. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1382668915300120?via%3Dihub
Combarnous Y, Nguyen TMD. Comparative Overview of the Mechanisms of Action of Hormones and Endocrine Disruptor Compounds. Toxics [Internet]. 2019 [cited 2020 Aug 25];7(1):5. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6468742
Bansal A, Henao J, Simmons R. Immune System: An Emerging Player in Mediating Effects of Endocrine Disruptors on Metabolic Health. Endocrinology [Internet]. 2017 [cited 20 Oct 2020]; 259(1):32–45. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29145569/
Romano D. Disruptores Endocrinos Nuevas respuestas para nuevos retos [Internet]. Instituto Sindical de Trabajo, Ambiente y Salud (ISTAS) 2012 [citado 20 Octubre 2020]. Disponible en: https://saludsindanio.org/sites/default/files/documents-files/2177/disruptores_endocrinos_final .pdf
Godfray HCJ, Stephens AEA, Jepson PD, Jobling S, Johnson AC, Matthiessen P, et al. A restatement of the natural science evidence base on the effects of endocrine disrupting chemicals on wildlife. Proc Biol Sci [Internet]. 2019 [Cited 18 July 2021];286(1897):20182416. Available from: https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rspb.2018.2416
Fernández MF, Román M, Arrebola JP. Endocrine Disruptors: Time to Act. Curr Envir Health.[Internet] 2014 [Cited 17 Mar 2021]; 1:325–32. Available from: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs40572-014-0025-9
Carvalho D, Marques-Pinto A. Human Infertility: are endocrine disruptors to blame?. Endocr. Connect. [Internet] 2013 [Cited 20 Oct 2020];2(3):15–29. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/EC-13-0036
Mezcua M, Martínez-Uroz MA, Gómez-Ramos MM, Gómez MJ, Navas JM, Fernández-Alba AR. Analysis of synthetic endocrine-disrupting chemicals in food: A review. Talanta [Internet]. 2012 [cited 20 Oct 2020];100:90–106. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0039914012006674?via%3Dihub
Omoruyi IM, Kabiersch G, Pohjanvirta R. Commercial processed food may have endocrine-disrupting potential: soy-based ingredients making the difference. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess [Internet]. 2013 [Cited 9 July 2021];30(10):1722–7. Available from: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19440049.2013.817025?journalCode=tf
Fontcuberta M, Arqués JF, Villalbí JR, Martínez M, Serrahima E, Centrich F, et al. Surveillance of dioxins and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in food commercialized in Barcelona, Spain. Food Addit Contam Part B Surveill [Internet]. 2009 [Cited 9 July 2021];2(1):66–73. Available from: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/02652030902926496
Ierapetritis I, Lioupis A, Lampi E. Determination of Phthalates into Vegetable Oils by Isotopic Dilution Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry. Food Anal Methods [Internet]. 2014 [Cited 20 Mar 2021];7:1451–7. Available from: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs12161-013-9770-x
Muncke J. Exposure to endocrine disrupting compounds via the food chain: Is packaging a relevant source? Sci Total Environ [Internet]. 2009 [Cited 20 Mar 2021];407(16):4549–59. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0048969709004598?via%3Dihub
Birnbaum L, Christensen K, Lorber M, Paepke O, Schecter A, Shropshire W. Exposure assessment of adult intake of bisphenol A (BPA) with emphasis on canned food dietary exposures. Environ Int [Internet]. 2015 [Cited 04 Apr 2021];77:55–62. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160412015000197?via%3Dihub
Köroğlu M, Özkan A, Sungur Ş. Determinatıon of bisphenol a migrating from canned food and beverages in markets. Food Chem [Internet]. 2014 [Cited 04 Apr 2021];142:87–91. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S030881461300962X?via%3Dihub
De Toni L, Tisato F, Seraglia R, Roverso M, Gandin V, Marzano C, et al. Phthalates and heavy metals as endocrine disruptors in food: A study on pre-packed coffee products. Toxicol Rep [Internet]. 2017 [Cited 10 Mar 2021];4:234–9. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214750017300264
Siddique MAB, Harrison S, Monahan F, Cummins E, Brunton N. Bisphenol A and Metabolites in Meat and Meat Products: Occurrence, Toxicity, and Recent Development in Analytical Methods. Foods [Internet]. 2021 [Cited 11 July 2021] ;10(4):714. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10040714
Dervilly-Pinel G et al. Micropollutants and chemical residues in organic and conventional meat. Food Chem [Internet]. 2017 [Cited 11 July 2021];232:218–28. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.04.013
Ministerio de Salud de Colombia .ABECÉ de la inocuidad de alimentos [Internet]. Minsalud 2017 [citado 5 Abril 2021]. Disponible en: https://www.minsalud.gov.co/sites/rid/Lists/BibliotecaDigital/RIDE/VS/PP/SNA/abc-inocuida d.pdf
IAlimentos E. ICA INVIMA Quien manda en que .[Internet]. Revista IAlimentos. 2015 [Citado 5 Abril 2021]. Disponible en: https://www.revistaialimentos.com/ediciones/edicion-2/quien-manda-en-que
Ministerio de Salud y Protección Social. Resolución 004506 de 2013 [Internet]. Gov.co. 2013 [citado el 20 de agosto de 2021]. Disponible en: https://www.invima.gov.co/documents/20143/441309/Resolucion+4506+de+2013.pdf/8b8575 97-b948-5bd7-c0a6-f06d217b6bce
Colombia. Ministerio De La Protección Social Ministerio De Ambiente, Vivienda Y Desarrollo Territorial. Resolución 2115 de 2007.. Diario oficial 46.679 (Jul 4 2007) [Internet]. Minambiente.Gov.co. [Citado el 5 abril de 2021]. Disponible en:https://www.minambiente.gov.co/images/GestionIntegraldelRecursoHidrico/pdf/normativa/ Res_2115_de_2007.pdf
Avance Jurídico Casa Editorial Ltda. Derecho del Bienestar Familiar [RESOLUCIÓN ICA 2638 2010] [Internet]. Gov.co. [citado el 20 de agosto de 2021]. Disponible en: https://www.icbf.gov.co/cargues/avance/docs/resolucion_ica_2638_2010.htm
Colombia. Ministerio de Salud y Protección social. Resolución 4143 de 2012. Diario oficial 48.642 (Dic 12 2012). [Internet]. icbf.gov.co. [Citado el 5 de abril de 2021]. Disponible en: https://www.icbf.gov.co/cargues/avance/docs/resolucion_minsaludps_4143_2012.htm
Organización de las Naciones Unidas para el Desarrollo Industrial (ONUDI). Plan de Acción en Salud y Contaminación Colombia [Internet].ONUDI; 2019 [citado 5 Abril 2021]. Disponible en : https://www.unido.org/sites/default/files/files/2019-10/Colombia%20HPAP.Spanish.pdf
Zhang C, Fang C, Liu L, Xia G, Qiao H. Disrupting effects of polychlorinated biphenyls on gonadal development and reproductive functions in chickens. J Environ Sci Health A Tox Hazard Subst Environ Eng [Internet]. 2002 [Cited 9 July 2021];37(4):509–19. Available from: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1081/ESE-120003232
Furuya M, Sasaki F, Hassanin AMA, Kuwahara S, Tsukamoto Y. Effects of bisphenol-A on the growth of comb and testes of male chicken. Can J Vet Res [Internet]. 2003 [cited 5 Apr 2021];67(1):68–71. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC227031
Jarosova A, Harazim J, Suchy P, Kratka L, Stancova V. The distribution and accumulation of phthalates in the organs and tissues of chicks after the administration of feedstuffs with different phthalate concentrations. Veterinarni medicina [Internet]. 2009 [cited 5 Apr 2021];54(9):427–34. Available from: https://www.agriculturejournals.cz/publicFiles/2_2009-VETMED.pdf
Kim HS, Lee BM. Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals and Human Cancer. In: Nriagu JO, editor. Encyclopedia of Environmental Health [Internet]. Kidlington, England: Elsevier Science; 2011 [cited 5 Apr 2021]. p. 296–305. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780444522726000271
Pietron W, Pajurek M, Mikolajczyk S, Maszewski S, Warenik-Bany M, Piskorska-Pliszczynska J. Exposure to PBDEs associated with farm animal meat consumption. Chemosphere [Internet]. 2019[cited 5 Apr 2021];224:58–64. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0045653519302735
Moreira MA, André LC, Cardeal Z de L. Analysis of plasticiser migration to meat roasted in plastic bags by SPME-GC/MS. Food Chem [Internet]. 2015 [cited 5 Apr 2021];178:195–200. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0308814615000898
Sánchez P, Zanabria M, Latorre S, Calvache J, Coy A, Rojas W. Disruptores endocrinos y su camino hacia el desequilibrio metabólico. RevACE [Internet]. 2020 [citado el 20 de agosto de 2021];7(1):38–42. Disponible en: http://revistaendocrino.org/index.php/rcedm/article/view/567
Paterni I, Granchi C, Minutolo F. Risks and benefits related to alimentary exposure to xenoestrogens. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr [Internet]. 2017 [Cited 9 July 2021];57(16):3384–404. Available from: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/10408398.2015.1126547
Yilmaz B, Terekeci H, Sandal S, Kelestimur F. Endocrine disrupting chemicals: exposure, effects on human health, mechanism of action, models for testing and strategies for prevention. Rev Endocr Metab Disord [Internet]. 2020 [Cited 10 July 2021];21(1):127–47. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11154-019-09521-z
Darbre PD. Endocrine disruptors and obesity. Curr Obes Rep [Internet]. 2017 [cited 9 July 2021];6(1):18–27. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13679-017-0240-4
Soto A. Sonnenschein C. Environmental causes of cancer: endocrine disruptors as carcinogens. Nat Rev Endocrinol [Internet]. 2015 [cited 7 july 2021];6(7):363–70. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrendo.2010.87
La Merrill MA et al. Consensus on the key characteristics of endocrine-disrupting chemicals as a basis for hazard identification. Nat Rev Endocrinol [Internet]. 2020 [Cited 11 July 2021];16(1):45–57. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41574-019-0273-8
Vandenberg LN et al. Hormones and Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals: Low-Dose Effects and Nonmonotonic Dose Responses. Endocr Rev [Internet]. 2012 [Cited 11 July 2021];33(3):378–455. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/er.2011-1050
Vandenberg LN. Low dose effects challenge the evaluation of endocrine disrupting chemicals. Trends Food Sci Technol [Internet]. 2019 [Cited 18 July 2021];84:58–61. Available fro : https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0924224417303503
Basak S, Das MK, Duttaroy AK. Plastics derived endocrine-disrupting compounds and their effects on early development. Birth Defects Res [Internet]. 2020 [Cited 9 July 2021];112(17):1308–25. Available from http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bdr2.1741
Tang Z-R, Xu X-L, Deng S-L, Lian Z-X, Yu K. Oestrogenic endocrine disruptors in the placenta and the fetus. Int J Mol Sci [Internet]. 2020 [cited 9 July 2021];21(4):1519. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21041519
Alonso-Magdalena P, Quesada I, Nadal A. Endocrine disruptors in the etiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Nat Rev Endocrinol [Internet]. 2011 [cited 9 July 2021];7(6):346–53. Available from: https://www.nature.com/articles/nrendo.2011.56
Kim MJ, Park YJ. Bisphenols and thyroid hormone. Endocrinol Metab (Seoul) [Internet]. 2019 [cited 9 July 2021];34(4):340–8. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2019.34.4.340
Monteagudo C, Gálvez-Ontiveros Y , Páez S, Rivas A. Endocrine Disruptors in Food: Impact on Gut Microbiota and Metabolic Diseases. Nutrients [Internet]. 2020 [cited 5 jul 2021];12(14):1158. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12041158
Attina TM et al. Exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals in the USA: a population-based disease burden and cost analysis. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol [Internet]. 2016 [Cited 11 July 2021];4(12):996–1003. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S2213-8587(16)30275-3
Trasande L et al. Burden of disease and costs of exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals in the European Union: an updated analysis. Andrology [Internet]. 2016 [Cited 11 July 2021];4(4):565–72. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/andr.12178
Bedoya-Ríos DF, Lara-Borrero JA. Occurrence of endocrine disruptor chemicals in the urban water cycle of Colombia. En: G. AR, editor. Endocrine Disruptors [Internet]. Londres, Inglaterra: InTech; 2018 [citado el 12 de julio de 2021]. Disponible en: https://www.intechopen.com/chapters/62763
Plan nacional subsectorial de vigilancia y control de migración específica de sustancias químicas en envases que están en contacto con alimentos y bebidas de consumo humano [Internet]. Invima.gov.co. 2016 [citado el 3 de septiembre de 2021]. Disponible en: https://www.invima.gov.co/documents/20143/441038/Documento-tecnico-Programa-MOES-a %C3%B1o-2016-publicari.pdf/11d9b56f-68ef-587d-7cc0-8b4f54a39c0d #: ~: text = Aunque% 20la% 20EFSA% 20se% 20ha, de% 20Salud% 20y% 20Protecci% C3% B3n% 20Social.
Giuliani A, Zuccarini M, Cichelli A, Khan H, Reale M. Critical review on the presence of phthalates in food and evidence of their biological impact. Int J Environ Res Public Health [Internet]. 2020 [Cited 9 July 2021];17(16):5655. Available from : http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17165655
Acerini CL, Hughes IA. Endocrine disrupting chemicals: a new and emerging public health problem? Arch Dis Child [Internet]. 2006 [Cited 11 July 2021] ;91(8):633–641. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/adc.2005.088500
Wielogórska E, Elliott CT, Danaher M, Connolly L. Endocrine disruptor activity of multiple environmental food chain contaminants. Toxicol In Vitro [Internet]. 2015 [Cited 9 July 2021];29(1):211–20. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0887233314002057
Mottet A, Tempio G. Global poultry production: current state and future outlook and challenges. Worlds Poult Sci J [Internet]. 2017 [Cited 9 July 2021];73(2):245–56. Available from: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1017/S0043933917000071?src=recsys&journalCode =twps20
Püssa T. Toxicological issues associated with production and processing of meat. Meat Sci [Internet]. 2013 [Cited 9July 2021];95(4):844–53. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S030917401300154X
Gerber PF, Gould N, McGahan E. Potential contaminants and hazards in alternative chicken bedding materials and proposed guidance levels: a review. Poult Sci [Internet]. 2020 [Cited 13 July 2021];99(12):6664–84. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psj.2020.09.047
Filazi A, Yurdakok-Dikmen B, Kuzukiran O, Sireli UT. Chemical contaminants in poultry meat and products. En: Manafi M, editor. Poultry Science [Internet]. Londres, Inglaterra: InTech; 2017 [citado el 12 de julio de 2021]. Disponible en: https://www.intechopen.com/chapters/52046
Abalos M, Parera J, Abad E, Rivera J. PCDD/Fs and DL-PCBs in feeding fats obtained as co-products or by-products derived from the food chain. Chemosphere [Internet]. 2008 [Cited 13 July 2021];71(6):1115–26. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2007.10.03
Haque MA, Wang Y, Shen Z, Li X, Saleemi MK, He C. Mycotoxin contamination and control strategy in human, domestic animal and poultry: A review. Microb Pathog [Internet]. 2020 [Cited 15 July 2021];142:104095. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104095
Akinmusire O, et al. Mycotoxins in poultry feed and feed ingredients in Nigeria. Mycotoxin Res [Internet]. 2019[Cited 15 July 2021];35:149–55. Available from: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12550-018-0337-y
Hort V et al.Carry-over assessment of fumonisins and zearalenone to poultry tissues after exposure of chickens to a contaminated diet – A study implementing stable-isotope dilution assay and UHPLC-MS/MS. Food Control [Internet]. 2020 [Cited 10 July 2021];107:106789. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2019.106789
Iqbal SZ, Nisar S, Asi MR, Jinap S. Natural incidence of aflatoxins, ochratoxin A and zearalenone in chicken meat and eggs. Food Control [Internet]. 2014[Cited 11 July 2021];43:98–103. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2014.02.046
Schecter A, Lorber M, Guo Y, Wu Q, Yun SH, Kannan K, et al. Phthalate concentrations and dietary exposure from food purchased in New York State. Environ Health Perspect [Internet]. 2013 [Cited 9 July 2021];121(4):473–94. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3620091/
Tsai MY et al. Analysis of Pollution of Phthalates in Pork and Chicken in Taiwan Using Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry and Assessment of Health Risk. Molecules [Internet]. 2019 [Cited 13 July 2021];24(21):3817. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24213817
Shoeb M, Mahim A, Mamum M, Nahar N. Organochlorine pesticide residues in poultry meats of Bangladesh . Croat.J . Food Sci. Technol.[Internet], 2016.[Cited 8 July 2021];8(1):30-33. Available from: http://hrcak.srce.hr/file/236461
Wang JX, Bao LJ, Luo P, Shi L, Wong CS, Zeng EY. Intake, distribution, and metabolism of decabromodiphenyl ether and its main metabolites in chickens and implications for human dietary exposure. Environ Pollut [Internet]. 2017 [Cited 11 July 2021];231(Pt1):795–801. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2017.08.084
Márquez-Lázaro JP, Mora L, Méndez-Cuadro D, Rodríguez-Cavallo E, Toldrá F. In vitro oxidation promoted by chlorpyrifos residues on myosin and chicken breast proteins. Food Chem [Internet]. 2020 [Cited 11 July 2021];326:126922. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.126922
Mahugija JAM, Chibura PE, Lugwisha EHJ. Residues of pesticides and metabolites in chicken kidney, liver and muscle samples from poultry farms in Dar es Salaam and Pwani, Tanzania. Chemosphere [Internet]. 2018 [Cited 11 July 2021];193:869–74. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.11.094
.Liu Q, Peng H, Lu X, Zuidhof MJ, Li XF, Le XC . Arsenic Species in Chicken Breast: Temporal Variations of Metabolites, Elimination Kinetics, and Residual Concentrations. Environ Health Perspect [Internet]. 2016 [Cited 13 July 2021];124(8):1174–81. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1510530
.Savaş A, Oz E, Oz F. Is oven bag really advantageous in terms of heterocyclic aromatic amines and bisphenol-A? Chicken meat perspective. Food Chem [Internet]. 2021 [Cited 10 July 2021] ;355:129646. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129646
Chen X, Liu M, Yuan H, Huang S, Tao J, Zhao J. Analysis of Diethylstilbestrol Residues in Chicken Using Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS) Coupled with Multivariate Analysis. Appl Spectrosc [Internet]. 2018 [Cited 13 July 2021];72(12):1798–806. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0003702818797344
Diario Oficial de la Unión Europea . DIRECTIVA 2003/74/CE DEL PARLAMENTO EUROPEO Y DEL CONSEJO de 22 de septiembre de 2003 [Internet]. Boe.es. 2003 [citado el 20 de agosto de 2021]. Disponible en: https://www.boe.es/doue/2003/262/L00017-00021.pdf
M. Heshmati H. Human health consequences of endocrine-disrupting chemicals. En: Sarvajayakesavalu S, Charoensudjai P, editores. Environmental Issues and Sustainable Development [Internet]. Londres, Inglaterra: IntechOpen; 2021 [citado el 12 de julio de 2021]. Disponible en: https://www.intechopen.com/chapters/74214
Diario Oficial de la Unión Europea . REGLAMENTO (UE) 2018/213 DE LA COMISIÓN de 12 de febrero de 2018 [Internet]. Europa.eu. 2018 [citado el 20 de agosto de 2021]. Disponible en: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/ES/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32018R0213&from=EN
Diario Oficial de la Unión Europea . REGLAMENTO (UE) No 10/2011 DE LA COMISIÓN de 14 de enero de 2011 [Internet]. Europa.eu. 2011 [citado el 20 de agosto de 2021]. Disponible en: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/ES/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32011R0010&from=es
dc.rights.spa.fl_str_mv Derechos Reservados - Universidad Colegio Mayor de Cundinamarca, 2021
dc.rights.uri.spa.fl_str_mv https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/
dc.rights.accessrights.spa.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccess
dc.rights.creativecommons.spa.fl_str_mv Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0)
dc.rights.coar.spa.fl_str_mv http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_14cb
rights_invalid_str_mv Derechos Reservados - Universidad Colegio Mayor de Cundinamarca, 2021
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/
Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0)
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_14cb
eu_rights_str_mv closedAccess
dc.format.extent.spa.fl_str_mv 62p.
dc.format.mimetype.spa.fl_str_mv application/pdf
dc.publisher.spa.fl_str_mv Universidad Colegio Mayor de Cundinamarca
dc.publisher.faculty.spa.fl_str_mv Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud
dc.publisher.place.spa.fl_str_mv Bogotá DC
dc.publisher.program.spa.fl_str_mv Bacteriología y Laboratorio Clínico
institution Colegio Mayor de Cundinamarca
bitstream.url.fl_str_mv https://repositorio.unicolmayor.edu.co/bitstream/unicolmayor/5601/7/license.txt
https://repositorio.unicolmayor.edu.co/bitstream/unicolmayor/5601/8/CARTA%20DECANO%20DERECHOS%20DE%20AUTOR%20MODALIDADES%20DE%20GRADO%20IIP%202021.pdf.txt
https://repositorio.unicolmayor.edu.co/bitstream/unicolmayor/5601/10/PORTADA%20TRABAJOS%20DE%20GRADO%20IIP%202021%20Cubides.docx%281%29.pdf.txt
https://repositorio.unicolmayor.edu.co/bitstream/unicolmayor/5601/12/Presentaci%c3%b3n%20Identificaci%c3%b3n%20de%20disruptores%20endocrinos%20en%20carne%20de%20pollo-%20Revisi%c3%b3n%20documental_PaulaCubides_DanielaDiaz_LizethGiraldo%20.pdf.txt
https://repositorio.unicolmayor.edu.co/bitstream/unicolmayor/5601/14/FORMATO%20CARTA%20DERECHOS%20DE%20AUTOR%20FIRMA%20DECANA%20IIP2021%20Cubides%20Acero.docx.pdf.txt
https://repositorio.unicolmayor.edu.co/bitstream/unicolmayor/5601/16/FORMATO%20DERECHOS%20DE%20AUTOR%20TG%202021%20Cubides.doc%282%29.pdf.txt
https://repositorio.unicolmayor.edu.co/bitstream/unicolmayor/5601/18/Identificaci%c3%b3n%20de%20disruptores%20endocrinos%20en%20carne%20de%20pollo%20Revisi%c3%b3n%20documental_PaulaCubides_DanielaDiaz_LizehGiraldo_InformeFinal_2021.docx.pdf.txt
https://repositorio.unicolmayor.edu.co/bitstream/unicolmayor/5601/9/CARTA%20DECANO%20DERECHOS%20DE%20AUTOR%20MODALIDADES%20DE%20GRADO%20IIP%202021.pdf.jpg
https://repositorio.unicolmayor.edu.co/bitstream/unicolmayor/5601/11/PORTADA%20TRABAJOS%20DE%20GRADO%20IIP%202021%20Cubides.docx%281%29.pdf.jpg
https://repositorio.unicolmayor.edu.co/bitstream/unicolmayor/5601/13/Presentaci%c3%b3n%20Identificaci%c3%b3n%20de%20disruptores%20endocrinos%20en%20carne%20de%20pollo-%20Revisi%c3%b3n%20documental_PaulaCubides_DanielaDiaz_LizethGiraldo%20.pdf.jpg
https://repositorio.unicolmayor.edu.co/bitstream/unicolmayor/5601/15/FORMATO%20CARTA%20DERECHOS%20DE%20AUTOR%20FIRMA%20DECANA%20IIP2021%20Cubides%20Acero.docx.pdf.jpg
https://repositorio.unicolmayor.edu.co/bitstream/unicolmayor/5601/17/FORMATO%20DERECHOS%20DE%20AUTOR%20TG%202021%20Cubides.doc%282%29.pdf.jpg
https://repositorio.unicolmayor.edu.co/bitstream/unicolmayor/5601/19/Identificaci%c3%b3n%20de%20disruptores%20endocrinos%20en%20carne%20de%20pollo%20Revisi%c3%b3n%20documental_PaulaCubides_DanielaDiaz_LizehGiraldo_InformeFinal_2021.docx.pdf.jpg
https://repositorio.unicolmayor.edu.co/bitstream/unicolmayor/5601/20/Identificaci%c3%b3n%20de%20disruptores%20endocrinos%20en%20carne%20de%20pollo%20Revisi%c3%b3n%20documental_PaulaCubides_DanielaDiaz_LizehGiraldo_InformeFinal_2021.docx.pdf
https://repositorio.unicolmayor.edu.co/bitstream/unicolmayor/5601/21/Presentaci%c3%b3n%20Identificaci%c3%b3n%20de%20disruptores%20endocrinos%20en%20carne%20de%20pollo-%20Revisi%c3%b3n%20documental_PaulaCubides_DanielaDiaz_LizethGiraldo%20.pdf
https://repositorio.unicolmayor.edu.co/bitstream/unicolmayor/5601/22/FORMATO%20CARTA%20DERECHOS%20DE%20AUTOR%20FIRMA%20DECANA%20IIP2021%20Cubides%20Acero.docx.pdf
https://repositorio.unicolmayor.edu.co/bitstream/unicolmayor/5601/23/FORMATO%20DERECHOS%20DE%20AUTOR%20TG%202021%20Cubides.doc%282%29.pdf
bitstream.checksum.fl_str_mv 2f9959eaf5b71fae44bbf9ec84150c7a
15c691b6fdeaef1bc6d123286851a1f8
359f14db81079deb041657675cb22e6d
ae4d3257ff59f6b3e0121f5a1b111339
104fbb2bebd80c03de6505ead6f88628
98631a31bcf29bb9e112bce0cb09f94c
aa38bc6c60e8b0c4e9bc6ab1cc8e65cc
a0b679346419d6b2cfdc9d604a17cf4a
a4cb72f2fb1f27b916e4f7688e6c727c
c5a69d19a31b99bedbc52361ff865fcc
12a3bead7021515dc589afe0c863b790
8b9af2988b3aaccfe8fca5007d6d8baf
f8dfff1fc21a719907e7bd8ee9715559
ad458e7b599188d704725159b2632b69
154b9f863462b344cc79fdbe56369df8
d73d2eacacb6d91e360daa2bdbd88646
abbf95a33fbe02ffa68bc7655f21f18c
bitstream.checksumAlgorithm.fl_str_mv MD5
MD5
MD5
MD5
MD5
MD5
MD5
MD5
MD5
MD5
MD5
MD5
MD5
MD5
MD5
MD5
MD5
repository.name.fl_str_mv Biblioteca Digital Unicolmayor
repository.mail.fl_str_mv repositorio@unicolmayor.edu.co
_version_ 1812210083735535616
spelling Gutiérrez Suarez, Jennifer Carolinac95b2792cb4d6d2cd7a628afd8942902Giraldo Chaparro, Lizeth Verónica3c4379f23447cd03157ff24e4e97cd74Diaz Bernal, Daniela Valentina134da8aede87a15ff6d605ea34b36206Cubides Acero, Paula Julietha7ecfceb366baa3216837e698708a8d82022-06-14T18:35:47Z2022-06-14T18:35:47Z2021-09-03https://repositorio.unicolmayor.edu.co/handle/unicolmayor/5601Los Disruptores Endocrinos (DE) son sustancias consideradas como alteradores de la homeostasis del organismo animal, vegetal y humano, sus orígenes pueden darse de forma natural del cuerpo biótico o de forma externa por contacto con algún tipo de compuesto químico, generando tanto efectos acumulativos como perjudiciales en cualquier etapa del ciclo vital. Al verse esta afectación en cualquier organismo, la cadena alimentaria puede ser considerada una de las principales vías de exposición de los DE, siendo los grandes mamíferos, grandes depredadores, y en especial los humanos quienes terminen con la mayor concentración de DE resguardado en su ser. La carne de pollo, al ser un producto de alto consumo global, y debido a los procesos industriales a los que se ve expuesto, puede contaminarse por diferentes fuentes a DE y llevarlos a los potenciales consumidores. Para ello, se realizó una revisión documental de 76 artículos científicos y 13 documentos oficiales donde se obtuvieron los siguientes resultados: Los principales DE encontrados en carne de pollo eran plastificantes (ftalatos, bisfenol A), dietilestilbestrol, bifenilos (polibromados y policlorados) con 16,7% y las principales presas donde se encontraban fueron pechuga 28.2%, vísceras 20.5% y muslo 17.9%. La industria avícola junto a las entidades nacionales e internacionales deben vigilar, normar y controlar estas sustancias toda vez que su exposición genera impactos irreversibles en la salud pública.Resumen 8 Introducción 9 1.Planteamiento del problema 10 2.Objetivos de investigación 11 2.1 Objetivo general 11 2.2 Objetivos Específicos 11 3.Justificación 12 4.Marco teórico 13 4.1 Antecedentes 13 4.2 Bases teóricas 15 4.2.1. Carne de pollo 15 4.2.2. Cadena de producción 15 4.2.3. Producción avícola 16 4.2.4 Consumo de la carne de pollo 18 4.2.5 Disruptores endocrinos (DE) 19 4.2.6 Disruptores Endocrinos más comunes 20 4.2.7 Mecanismos de acción de los Disruptores Endocrinos 20 4.2.8 Vías de entrada de los Disruptres Endocrinos 21 4.2.9 Efectos de Disruptores Endocrinos en el hombre y en los animales 21 4.2.10 Dosis respuesta 22 4.2.11 Disruptores Endocrinos en alimentos 23PregradoBacteriólogo(a) y Laboratorista Clínico62p.application/pdfspaUniversidad Colegio Mayor de CundinamarcaFacultad de Ciencias de la SaludBogotá DCBacteriología y Laboratorio ClínicoDerechos Reservados - Universidad Colegio Mayor de Cundinamarca, 2021https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccessAtribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0)http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_14cbIdentificación de disruptores endocrinos en carne de pollo: Revisión documentalTrabajo de grado - Pregradohttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_7a1fhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85Textinfo:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesishttps://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/TPinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionRuiz D, Patisaul H. Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals EDCs [Internet]. Hormone Health Network. [Cited 5 Apr 2020]. Available from: https://www.hormone.org/your-health-and-hormones/endocrine-disrupting-chemicals-edcsDiamanti-Kandarakis E, Bourguigno J-P, Giudice LC, Hauser R, Prins GS, Soto A, et al. Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals: An Endocrine Society Scientific Statement. Endocr Rev [Internet]. 2009 [Cited 30 May 2020];30(4):293–342. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/er.2009-0002Fideicomisos Instituidos en Relación con la Agricultura (FIRA). Panorama Agroalimentario Dirección de Investigación y Evaluación Económica y Sectorial Carne de pollo 2019.[Internet]. FIRA. [Citado 17 Septiembre 2020]. Disponible en: https://www.inforural.com.mx/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/Panorama-Agroalimentario-Carne -de-pollo-2019.pdfFederación Nacional de Avicultores de Colombia (FENAVI).El sector avícola en Colombia creció 4,5% en 2018 [Internet]. FENAVI. 2018 [citado 20 Octubre 2020]. Disponible en: https://fenavi.org/comunicados-de-prensa/el-sector-avicola-crecio-45-en-2018/Federación Nacional de Avicultores de Colombia (FENAVI). Consumo Per Cápita Mundial De Pollo [Internet]. FENAVI. 2020 [Citado 17 de Septiembre de 2020]. Disponible en: https://fenavi.org/estadisticas/consumo-per-capita-mundo-pollo/Mantovani A. Endocrine Disrupters and the Safety of Food Chains. Horm Res Paediatr [Internet]. 2016 [cited 5 Sep 2020];86(4):279–88. Available from: https://www.karger.com/Article/Abstract/441496#Colborn T, vom Saal FS, Soto AM. Developmental effects of endocrine-disrupting chemicals in wildlife and humans. Environ Health Perspect. [Internet]. 1993 [cited 6 Sep 2020];101(5):378-384. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1519860/Bergan A, et al. Estado de la ciencia de los disruptores endocrinos 2012. [Internet] OMS 2012.[citado 30 Agosto 2020] Disponible en: https://wedocs.unep.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.11822/12223/EDCSP.pdf?sequence=5&isAll owed=yWesley RL, Korslund HJJ, Stadelman WJ. The Effect of Hormonization on Juiciness and Tenderness of Chicken Meat. Poultr [Internet]. 1958 [cited 17 Mar 2020];37(6):1443–6. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0032579119577616Smith SK, Zabik ME, Dawson LE. Polybrominated biphenyl levels in raw and cooked chicken and chicken broth. Poult Sci. [Internet]. 1977. [cited 17 Mar 2020]; ;56(4):1289-96.Avaliable from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0032579119548271?via%3DihubZabik M. Smith S. Cala Ro. Polybrominated Biphenyl Isomer Distribution in Raw and Cooked Chicken and Chicken Broth. Poult Sci. [Internet] 1979. [cited 17 Mar] 2020]; 58 (6): 1435-38. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0032579119344724Ersoy E, Agthe O, Ergun H, Sel T, Güldür T. The determination of diethylstilbestrol (DES) in the faeces and tissues of chickens treated with DES and in the faeces and tissue samples of calves, lambs and chickens collected from various areas of Turkey. Dtsch Tierarztl Wochenschr. [Internet]; 1993 [cited 17 Mar 2020];100(11):450-3. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1501/vetfak_0000001446Maervoet J, Chu SG, De Vos, Covaci A, Voorspoels S, De Schrijver, et al. Accumulation and tissue distribution of selected polychlorinated biphenyl congeners in chickens. Chemosp [Internet]. 2004 [cited 17 Mar 2020];57(1):61–6. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0045653504004643Hotchkiss AK, Rider CV, Blystone CR, Wilson VS, Hartig PC, Ankley GT, et al. Fifteen Years after “Wingspread”—Environmental Endocrine Disrupters and Human and Wildlife Health: Where We are Today and Where We Need to Go. Toxsci [Internet]. 2008 [cited 4 Oct 2020];105(2):235–59. Available from: https://academic.oup.com/toxsci/article/105/2/235/1648354Shao B, Hana H, Li D, Ma Y, Tu X, Wu Y. Analysis of alkylphenol and bisphenol A in meat by accelerated solvent extraction and liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. food che [Internet]. 2007 [cited 10 Nov 2020];105(3):1236–41. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S030881460700221X?via%3DihubKassotis CD, Vandenberg LN, Demeneix BA, Porta M, Slama R, Trasande L. Endocrine-disrupting chemicals: economic, regulatory, and policy implications. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol [Internet]. [cited 10 Oct 2020];8(8):719–30. Available from: https://www.thelancet.com/journals/landia/article/PIIS2213-8587(20)30128-5/fulltext#articleI nformationDepartamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadística (DANE). Boletín mensual Insumos Y Factores Asociados A La Producción Agropecuaria El Pollo de engorde (Gallus domesticus), fuente proteica de excelente calidad en la alimentación y nutrición humana [Internet]. DANE 2015. [Citado 20 de Julio 2020].Boletín Núm. 36. Disponible en: https://www.dane.gov.co/files/investigaciones/agropecuario/sipsa/Bol_Insumos_jun_2015.pdfFederación Nacional de Avicultores de Colombia ( FENAVI). Aspectos Productivos y Administrativos De La Industria Avicola [Internet]. Fenavi.org. 2019 [citado el 20 de agosto de 2021]. Disponible en: https://fenavi.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/aspectos-productivos-y-administrativos-en-la-i ndustria-av%c3%8dcola.pdfOrganización de las Naciones Unidas para la Alimentación y la Agricultura . REVISIÓN DEL DESARROLLO AVÍCOLA [Internet]. Fao.org. 2013 [Citado 12 de Julio de 2021]. Disponible en: http://www.fao.org/3/i3531s/i3531s.pdfOMarel. El mundo del procesado avícola. [Internet]. Marel. [citado 19 noviembre 2020]. Disponible en: https://marel.com/media/65274/p1_poultry_industry_brochure_es.pdfScanes CG. The global importance of poultry. Poult Sci.[Internet] 2007[cited 4 Oct 2020]86(6):1057-8. doi: 10.1093/ps/86.6.1057. PMID: 17495072Organización para la Cooperación y el Desarrollo Económicos OCDE, Organización de las Naciones Unidas para la Alimentación y la Agricultura FAO.Perspectivas Agrícolas 2019-2028 [Internet]. FAO,OCDE.2019. [citado 20 octubre 2020].Disponible en: http://www.fao.org/3/ca4076es/CA4076ES.pdfOrganización de las Naciones Unidas para la Alimentación y la Agricultura (FAO).Producción y productos avícolas [Internet]. FAO. [citado 20 Octubre 2020].Disponible en: http://www.fao.org/poultry-production-products/production/es/Federación Nacional de Avicultores de Colombia (FENAVI). Pollo en cifras. En el 2017 alcanzó una tasa de crecimiento de 5,7% [Internet]. FENAVI. 2018 [citado 20 de Octubre de 2021]. Disponible en: https://fenavi.org/centro-de-noticias/noticia-destacada-del-centro-de-noticias/pollo-en-cifras/Federación Nacional de Avicultores de Colombia (FENAVI).Información Estadística. Estadísticas del Sector [Internet]. FENAVI. 2018. [citado 20 Octubre 2020].Disponible en: https://fenavi.org/informacion-estadistica/#1552493998475-e6f6f123-90daDarbre PD. The history of endocrine-disrupting chemicals. Curr. Opin. Endocr. Metab. Res. [Internet]. 2019 [cited 4 Oct 2020];7:26–33. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S245196501830067X?via%3DihubNilsson R. Endocrine modulators in the food chain and environment. Toxicol Pathol [Internet]. 2000 [Cited 9 July 2021];28(3):420–31. Available from: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/019262330002800311a guide for public interest organizations. plastics, edcs & health [Internet]. Endocrine.org. [citado el 20 de agosto de 2021]. Disponible en: https://www.endocrine.org/-/media/endocrine/files/topics/edc_guide_2020_v1_6chqennew-ve rsion.pdfLauretta R, Sansone A, Sansone M, Romanelli F, Appetecchia AM. Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals: Effects on Endocrine Glands. Front Endocrinol [Internet]. 2019 [cited 9 Oct 2020];10:178. Available from: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fendo.2019.00178/fullEncarnação T, Pais AA, Campos MG, Burrows HD. Endocrine disrupting chemicals: Impact on human health, wildlife and the environment. Science prog [Internet]. 2019 [cited 2020 Nov 24];102(1):3–42. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0036850419826802Gore AC, Chappell VA, Fenton SE, Flaws JA, Nadal A, Prins GS, et al. EDC-2: The Endocrine Society’s Second Scientific Statement on Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals. Endocrine review [Internet]. 2015 [cited 2020 Aug 9];36(6):E1–150. Available from: https://academic.oup.com/edrv/article/36/6/E1/2354691Monneret C. What is an endocrine disruptor? Comptes Rendus Bi [Internet]. 2017 [cited 2020 Aug 20];340(9–10):403–5. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1631069117301257?via%3DihubKabir ER, Rahman MS, Rahman I. A review on endocrine disruptors and their possible impacts on human health. Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacolog [Internet]. 2015 [cited 2020 Aug 25];40(1):241–58. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1382668915300120?via%3DihubCombarnous Y, Nguyen TMD. Comparative Overview of the Mechanisms of Action of Hormones and Endocrine Disruptor Compounds. Toxics [Internet]. 2019 [cited 2020 Aug 25];7(1):5. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6468742Bansal A, Henao J, Simmons R. Immune System: An Emerging Player in Mediating Effects of Endocrine Disruptors on Metabolic Health. Endocrinology [Internet]. 2017 [cited 20 Oct 2020]; 259(1):32–45. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29145569/Romano D. Disruptores Endocrinos Nuevas respuestas para nuevos retos [Internet]. Instituto Sindical de Trabajo, Ambiente y Salud (ISTAS) 2012 [citado 20 Octubre 2020]. Disponible en: https://saludsindanio.org/sites/default/files/documents-files/2177/disruptores_endocrinos_final .pdfGodfray HCJ, Stephens AEA, Jepson PD, Jobling S, Johnson AC, Matthiessen P, et al. A restatement of the natural science evidence base on the effects of endocrine disrupting chemicals on wildlife. Proc Biol Sci [Internet]. 2019 [Cited 18 July 2021];286(1897):20182416. Available from: https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rspb.2018.2416Fernández MF, Román M, Arrebola JP. Endocrine Disruptors: Time to Act. Curr Envir Health.[Internet] 2014 [Cited 17 Mar 2021]; 1:325–32. Available from: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs40572-014-0025-9Carvalho D, Marques-Pinto A. Human Infertility: are endocrine disruptors to blame?. Endocr. Connect. [Internet] 2013 [Cited 20 Oct 2020];2(3):15–29. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/EC-13-0036Mezcua M, Martínez-Uroz MA, Gómez-Ramos MM, Gómez MJ, Navas JM, Fernández-Alba AR. Analysis of synthetic endocrine-disrupting chemicals in food: A review. Talanta [Internet]. 2012 [cited 20 Oct 2020];100:90–106. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0039914012006674?via%3DihubOmoruyi IM, Kabiersch G, Pohjanvirta R. Commercial processed food may have endocrine-disrupting potential: soy-based ingredients making the difference. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess [Internet]. 2013 [Cited 9 July 2021];30(10):1722–7. Available from: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/19440049.2013.817025?journalCode=tfFontcuberta M, Arqués JF, Villalbí JR, Martínez M, Serrahima E, Centrich F, et al. Surveillance of dioxins and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in food commercialized in Barcelona, Spain. Food Addit Contam Part B Surveill [Internet]. 2009 [Cited 9 July 2021];2(1):66–73. Available from: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/02652030902926496Ierapetritis I, Lioupis A, Lampi E. Determination of Phthalates into Vegetable Oils by Isotopic Dilution Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry. Food Anal Methods [Internet]. 2014 [Cited 20 Mar 2021];7:1451–7. Available from: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs12161-013-9770-xMuncke J. Exposure to endocrine disrupting compounds via the food chain: Is packaging a relevant source? Sci Total Environ [Internet]. 2009 [Cited 20 Mar 2021];407(16):4549–59. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0048969709004598?via%3DihubBirnbaum L, Christensen K, Lorber M, Paepke O, Schecter A, Shropshire W. Exposure assessment of adult intake of bisphenol A (BPA) with emphasis on canned food dietary exposures. Environ Int [Internet]. 2015 [Cited 04 Apr 2021];77:55–62. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160412015000197?via%3DihubKöroğlu M, Özkan A, Sungur Ş. Determinatıon of bisphenol a migrating from canned food and beverages in markets. Food Chem [Internet]. 2014 [Cited 04 Apr 2021];142:87–91. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S030881461300962X?via%3DihubDe Toni L, Tisato F, Seraglia R, Roverso M, Gandin V, Marzano C, et al. Phthalates and heavy metals as endocrine disruptors in food: A study on pre-packed coffee products. Toxicol Rep [Internet]. 2017 [Cited 10 Mar 2021];4:234–9. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214750017300264Siddique MAB, Harrison S, Monahan F, Cummins E, Brunton N. Bisphenol A and Metabolites in Meat and Meat Products: Occurrence, Toxicity, and Recent Development in Analytical Methods. Foods [Internet]. 2021 [Cited 11 July 2021] ;10(4):714. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10040714Dervilly-Pinel G et al. Micropollutants and chemical residues in organic and conventional meat. Food Chem [Internet]. 2017 [Cited 11 July 2021];232:218–28. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.04.013Ministerio de Salud de Colombia .ABECÉ de la inocuidad de alimentos [Internet]. Minsalud 2017 [citado 5 Abril 2021]. Disponible en: https://www.minsalud.gov.co/sites/rid/Lists/BibliotecaDigital/RIDE/VS/PP/SNA/abc-inocuida d.pdfIAlimentos E. ICA INVIMA Quien manda en que .[Internet]. Revista IAlimentos. 2015 [Citado 5 Abril 2021]. Disponible en: https://www.revistaialimentos.com/ediciones/edicion-2/quien-manda-en-queMinisterio de Salud y Protección Social. Resolución 004506 de 2013 [Internet]. Gov.co. 2013 [citado el 20 de agosto de 2021]. Disponible en: https://www.invima.gov.co/documents/20143/441309/Resolucion+4506+de+2013.pdf/8b8575 97-b948-5bd7-c0a6-f06d217b6bceColombia. Ministerio De La Protección Social Ministerio De Ambiente, Vivienda Y Desarrollo Territorial. Resolución 2115 de 2007.. Diario oficial 46.679 (Jul 4 2007) [Internet]. Minambiente.Gov.co. [Citado el 5 abril de 2021]. Disponible en:https://www.minambiente.gov.co/images/GestionIntegraldelRecursoHidrico/pdf/normativa/ Res_2115_de_2007.pdfAvance Jurídico Casa Editorial Ltda. Derecho del Bienestar Familiar [RESOLUCIÓN ICA 2638 2010] [Internet]. Gov.co. [citado el 20 de agosto de 2021]. Disponible en: https://www.icbf.gov.co/cargues/avance/docs/resolucion_ica_2638_2010.htmColombia. Ministerio de Salud y Protección social. Resolución 4143 de 2012. Diario oficial 48.642 (Dic 12 2012). [Internet]. icbf.gov.co. [Citado el 5 de abril de 2021]. Disponible en: https://www.icbf.gov.co/cargues/avance/docs/resolucion_minsaludps_4143_2012.htmOrganización de las Naciones Unidas para el Desarrollo Industrial (ONUDI). Plan de Acción en Salud y Contaminación Colombia [Internet].ONUDI; 2019 [citado 5 Abril 2021]. Disponible en : https://www.unido.org/sites/default/files/files/2019-10/Colombia%20HPAP.Spanish.pdfZhang C, Fang C, Liu L, Xia G, Qiao H. Disrupting effects of polychlorinated biphenyls on gonadal development and reproductive functions in chickens. J Environ Sci Health A Tox Hazard Subst Environ Eng [Internet]. 2002 [Cited 9 July 2021];37(4):509–19. Available from: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1081/ESE-120003232Furuya M, Sasaki F, Hassanin AMA, Kuwahara S, Tsukamoto Y. Effects of bisphenol-A on the growth of comb and testes of male chicken. Can J Vet Res [Internet]. 2003 [cited 5 Apr 2021];67(1):68–71. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC227031Jarosova A, Harazim J, Suchy P, Kratka L, Stancova V. The distribution and accumulation of phthalates in the organs and tissues of chicks after the administration of feedstuffs with different phthalate concentrations. Veterinarni medicina [Internet]. 2009 [cited 5 Apr 2021];54(9):427–34. Available from: https://www.agriculturejournals.cz/publicFiles/2_2009-VETMED.pdfKim HS, Lee BM. Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals and Human Cancer. In: Nriagu JO, editor. Encyclopedia of Environmental Health [Internet]. Kidlington, England: Elsevier Science; 2011 [cited 5 Apr 2021]. p. 296–305. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780444522726000271Pietron W, Pajurek M, Mikolajczyk S, Maszewski S, Warenik-Bany M, Piskorska-Pliszczynska J. Exposure to PBDEs associated with farm animal meat consumption. Chemosphere [Internet]. 2019[cited 5 Apr 2021];224:58–64. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0045653519302735Moreira MA, André LC, Cardeal Z de L. Analysis of plasticiser migration to meat roasted in plastic bags by SPME-GC/MS. Food Chem [Internet]. 2015 [cited 5 Apr 2021];178:195–200. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0308814615000898Sánchez P, Zanabria M, Latorre S, Calvache J, Coy A, Rojas W. Disruptores endocrinos y su camino hacia el desequilibrio metabólico. RevACE [Internet]. 2020 [citado el 20 de agosto de 2021];7(1):38–42. Disponible en: http://revistaendocrino.org/index.php/rcedm/article/view/567Paterni I, Granchi C, Minutolo F. Risks and benefits related to alimentary exposure to xenoestrogens. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr [Internet]. 2017 [Cited 9 July 2021];57(16):3384–404. Available from: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/10408398.2015.1126547Yilmaz B, Terekeci H, Sandal S, Kelestimur F. Endocrine disrupting chemicals: exposure, effects on human health, mechanism of action, models for testing and strategies for prevention. Rev Endocr Metab Disord [Internet]. 2020 [Cited 10 July 2021];21(1):127–47. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11154-019-09521-zDarbre PD. Endocrine disruptors and obesity. Curr Obes Rep [Internet]. 2017 [cited 9 July 2021];6(1):18–27. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13679-017-0240-4Soto A. Sonnenschein C. Environmental causes of cancer: endocrine disruptors as carcinogens. Nat Rev Endocrinol [Internet]. 2015 [cited 7 july 2021];6(7):363–70. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nrendo.2010.87La Merrill MA et al. Consensus on the key characteristics of endocrine-disrupting chemicals as a basis for hazard identification. Nat Rev Endocrinol [Internet]. 2020 [Cited 11 July 2021];16(1):45–57. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41574-019-0273-8Vandenberg LN et al. Hormones and Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals: Low-Dose Effects and Nonmonotonic Dose Responses. Endocr Rev [Internet]. 2012 [Cited 11 July 2021];33(3):378–455. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/er.2011-1050Vandenberg LN. Low dose effects challenge the evaluation of endocrine disrupting chemicals. Trends Food Sci Technol [Internet]. 2019 [Cited 18 July 2021];84:58–61. Available fro : https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0924224417303503Basak S, Das MK, Duttaroy AK. Plastics derived endocrine-disrupting compounds and their effects on early development. Birth Defects Res [Internet]. 2020 [Cited 9 July 2021];112(17):1308–25. Available from http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bdr2.1741Tang Z-R, Xu X-L, Deng S-L, Lian Z-X, Yu K. Oestrogenic endocrine disruptors in the placenta and the fetus. Int J Mol Sci [Internet]. 2020 [cited 9 July 2021];21(4):1519. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21041519Alonso-Magdalena P, Quesada I, Nadal A. Endocrine disruptors in the etiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Nat Rev Endocrinol [Internet]. 2011 [cited 9 July 2021];7(6):346–53. Available from: https://www.nature.com/articles/nrendo.2011.56Kim MJ, Park YJ. Bisphenols and thyroid hormone. Endocrinol Metab (Seoul) [Internet]. 2019 [cited 9 July 2021];34(4):340–8. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2019.34.4.340Monteagudo C, Gálvez-Ontiveros Y , Páez S, Rivas A. Endocrine Disruptors in Food: Impact on Gut Microbiota and Metabolic Diseases. Nutrients [Internet]. 2020 [cited 5 jul 2021];12(14):1158. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12041158Attina TM et al. Exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals in the USA: a population-based disease burden and cost analysis. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol [Internet]. 2016 [Cited 11 July 2021];4(12):996–1003. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S2213-8587(16)30275-3Trasande L et al. Burden of disease and costs of exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals in the European Union: an updated analysis. Andrology [Internet]. 2016 [Cited 11 July 2021];4(4):565–72. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/andr.12178Bedoya-Ríos DF, Lara-Borrero JA. Occurrence of endocrine disruptor chemicals in the urban water cycle of Colombia. En: G. AR, editor. Endocrine Disruptors [Internet]. Londres, Inglaterra: InTech; 2018 [citado el 12 de julio de 2021]. Disponible en: https://www.intechopen.com/chapters/62763Plan nacional subsectorial de vigilancia y control de migración específica de sustancias químicas en envases que están en contacto con alimentos y bebidas de consumo humano [Internet]. Invima.gov.co. 2016 [citado el 3 de septiembre de 2021]. Disponible en: https://www.invima.gov.co/documents/20143/441038/Documento-tecnico-Programa-MOES-a %C3%B1o-2016-publicari.pdf/11d9b56f-68ef-587d-7cc0-8b4f54a39c0d #: ~: text = Aunque% 20la% 20EFSA% 20se% 20ha, de% 20Salud% 20y% 20Protecci% C3% B3n% 20Social.Giuliani A, Zuccarini M, Cichelli A, Khan H, Reale M. Critical review on the presence of phthalates in food and evidence of their biological impact. Int J Environ Res Public Health [Internet]. 2020 [Cited 9 July 2021];17(16):5655. Available from : http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17165655Acerini CL, Hughes IA. Endocrine disrupting chemicals: a new and emerging public health problem? Arch Dis Child [Internet]. 2006 [Cited 11 July 2021] ;91(8):633–641. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/adc.2005.088500Wielogórska E, Elliott CT, Danaher M, Connolly L. Endocrine disruptor activity of multiple environmental food chain contaminants. Toxicol In Vitro [Internet]. 2015 [Cited 9 July 2021];29(1):211–20. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0887233314002057Mottet A, Tempio G. Global poultry production: current state and future outlook and challenges. Worlds Poult Sci J [Internet]. 2017 [Cited 9 July 2021];73(2):245–56. Available from: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1017/S0043933917000071?src=recsys&journalCode =twps20Püssa T. Toxicological issues associated with production and processing of meat. Meat Sci [Internet]. 2013 [Cited 9July 2021];95(4):844–53. Available from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S030917401300154XGerber PF, Gould N, McGahan E. Potential contaminants and hazards in alternative chicken bedding materials and proposed guidance levels: a review. Poult Sci [Internet]. 2020 [Cited 13 July 2021];99(12):6664–84. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psj.2020.09.047Filazi A, Yurdakok-Dikmen B, Kuzukiran O, Sireli UT. Chemical contaminants in poultry meat and products. En: Manafi M, editor. Poultry Science [Internet]. Londres, Inglaterra: InTech; 2017 [citado el 12 de julio de 2021]. Disponible en: https://www.intechopen.com/chapters/52046Abalos M, Parera J, Abad E, Rivera J. PCDD/Fs and DL-PCBs in feeding fats obtained as co-products or by-products derived from the food chain. Chemosphere [Internet]. 2008 [Cited 13 July 2021];71(6):1115–26. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2007.10.03Haque MA, Wang Y, Shen Z, Li X, Saleemi MK, He C. Mycotoxin contamination and control strategy in human, domestic animal and poultry: A review. Microb Pathog [Internet]. 2020 [Cited 15 July 2021];142:104095. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104095Akinmusire O, et al. Mycotoxins in poultry feed and feed ingredients in Nigeria. Mycotoxin Res [Internet]. 2019[Cited 15 July 2021];35:149–55. Available from: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12550-018-0337-yHort V et al.Carry-over assessment of fumonisins and zearalenone to poultry tissues after exposure of chickens to a contaminated diet – A study implementing stable-isotope dilution assay and UHPLC-MS/MS. Food Control [Internet]. 2020 [Cited 10 July 2021];107:106789. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2019.106789Iqbal SZ, Nisar S, Asi MR, Jinap S. Natural incidence of aflatoxins, ochratoxin A and zearalenone in chicken meat and eggs. Food Control [Internet]. 2014[Cited 11 July 2021];43:98–103. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2014.02.046Schecter A, Lorber M, Guo Y, Wu Q, Yun SH, Kannan K, et al. Phthalate concentrations and dietary exposure from food purchased in New York State. Environ Health Perspect [Internet]. 2013 [Cited 9 July 2021];121(4):473–94. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3620091/Tsai MY et al. Analysis of Pollution of Phthalates in Pork and Chicken in Taiwan Using Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry and Assessment of Health Risk. Molecules [Internet]. 2019 [Cited 13 July 2021];24(21):3817. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24213817Shoeb M, Mahim A, Mamum M, Nahar N. Organochlorine pesticide residues in poultry meats of Bangladesh . Croat.J . Food Sci. Technol.[Internet], 2016.[Cited 8 July 2021];8(1):30-33. Available from: http://hrcak.srce.hr/file/236461Wang JX, Bao LJ, Luo P, Shi L, Wong CS, Zeng EY. Intake, distribution, and metabolism of decabromodiphenyl ether and its main metabolites in chickens and implications for human dietary exposure. Environ Pollut [Internet]. 2017 [Cited 11 July 2021];231(Pt1):795–801. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2017.08.084Márquez-Lázaro JP, Mora L, Méndez-Cuadro D, Rodríguez-Cavallo E, Toldrá F. In vitro oxidation promoted by chlorpyrifos residues on myosin and chicken breast proteins. Food Chem [Internet]. 2020 [Cited 11 July 2021];326:126922. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.126922Mahugija JAM, Chibura PE, Lugwisha EHJ. Residues of pesticides and metabolites in chicken kidney, liver and muscle samples from poultry farms in Dar es Salaam and Pwani, Tanzania. Chemosphere [Internet]. 2018 [Cited 11 July 2021];193:869–74. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.11.094.Liu Q, Peng H, Lu X, Zuidhof MJ, Li XF, Le XC . Arsenic Species in Chicken Breast: Temporal Variations of Metabolites, Elimination Kinetics, and Residual Concentrations. Environ Health Perspect [Internet]. 2016 [Cited 13 July 2021];124(8):1174–81. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1510530.Savaş A, Oz E, Oz F. Is oven bag really advantageous in terms of heterocyclic aromatic amines and bisphenol-A? Chicken meat perspective. Food Chem [Internet]. 2021 [Cited 10 July 2021] ;355:129646. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129646Chen X, Liu M, Yuan H, Huang S, Tao J, Zhao J. Analysis of Diethylstilbestrol Residues in Chicken Using Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS) Coupled with Multivariate Analysis. Appl Spectrosc [Internet]. 2018 [Cited 13 July 2021];72(12):1798–806. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0003702818797344Diario Oficial de la Unión Europea . DIRECTIVA 2003/74/CE DEL PARLAMENTO EUROPEO Y DEL CONSEJO de 22 de septiembre de 2003 [Internet]. Boe.es. 2003 [citado el 20 de agosto de 2021]. Disponible en: https://www.boe.es/doue/2003/262/L00017-00021.pdfM. Heshmati H. Human health consequences of endocrine-disrupting chemicals. En: Sarvajayakesavalu S, Charoensudjai P, editores. Environmental Issues and Sustainable Development [Internet]. Londres, Inglaterra: IntechOpen; 2021 [citado el 12 de julio de 2021]. Disponible en: https://www.intechopen.com/chapters/74214Diario Oficial de la Unión Europea . REGLAMENTO (UE) 2018/213 DE LA COMISIÓN de 12 de febrero de 2018 [Internet]. Europa.eu. 2018 [citado el 20 de agosto de 2021]. Disponible en: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/ES/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32018R0213&from=ENDiario Oficial de la Unión Europea . REGLAMENTO (UE) No 10/2011 DE LA COMISIÓN de 14 de enero de 2011 [Internet]. Europa.eu. 2011 [citado el 20 de agosto de 2021]. Disponible en: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/ES/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32011R0010&from=esEfectos disruptores endocrinosConsumo de polloDisruptor EndocrinoCarne de PolloLICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-814828https://repositorio.unicolmayor.edu.co/bitstream/unicolmayor/5601/7/license.txt2f9959eaf5b71fae44bbf9ec84150c7aMD57open accessTEXTCARTA DECANO DERECHOS DE AUTOR MODALIDADES DE GRADO IIP 2021.pdf.txtCARTA DECANO DERECHOS DE AUTOR MODALIDADES DE GRADO IIP 2021.pdf.txtExtracted texttext/plain1539https://repositorio.unicolmayor.edu.co/bitstream/unicolmayor/5601/8/CARTA%20DECANO%20DERECHOS%20DE%20AUTOR%20MODALIDADES%20DE%20GRADO%20IIP%202021.pdf.txt15c691b6fdeaef1bc6d123286851a1f8MD58metadata only accessPORTADA TRABAJOS DE GRADO IIP 2021 Cubides.docx(1).pdf.txtPORTADA TRABAJOS DE GRADO IIP 2021 Cubides.docx(1).pdf.txtExtracted texttext/plain529https://repositorio.unicolmayor.edu.co/bitstream/unicolmayor/5601/10/PORTADA%20TRABAJOS%20DE%20GRADO%20IIP%202021%20Cubides.docx%281%29.pdf.txt359f14db81079deb041657675cb22e6dMD510metadata only accessPresentación Identificación de disruptores endocrinos en carne de pollo- Revisión documental_PaulaCubides_DanielaDiaz_LizethGiraldo .pdf.txtPresentación Identificación de disruptores endocrinos en carne de pollo- Revisión documental_PaulaCubides_DanielaDiaz_LizethGiraldo .pdf.txtExtracted texttext/plain8783https://repositorio.unicolmayor.edu.co/bitstream/unicolmayor/5601/12/Presentaci%c3%b3n%20Identificaci%c3%b3n%20de%20disruptores%20endocrinos%20en%20carne%20de%20pollo-%20Revisi%c3%b3n%20documental_PaulaCubides_DanielaDiaz_LizethGiraldo%20.pdf.txtae4d3257ff59f6b3e0121f5a1b111339MD512open accessFORMATO CARTA DERECHOS DE AUTOR FIRMA DECANA IIP2021 Cubides Acero.docx.pdf.txtFORMATO CARTA DERECHOS DE AUTOR FIRMA DECANA IIP2021 Cubides Acero.docx.pdf.txtExtracted texttext/plain1087https://repositorio.unicolmayor.edu.co/bitstream/unicolmayor/5601/14/FORMATO%20CARTA%20DERECHOS%20DE%20AUTOR%20FIRMA%20DECANA%20IIP2021%20Cubides%20Acero.docx.pdf.txt104fbb2bebd80c03de6505ead6f88628MD514metadata only accessFORMATO DERECHOS DE AUTOR TG 2021 Cubides.doc(2).pdf.txtFORMATO DERECHOS DE AUTOR TG 2021 Cubides.doc(2).pdf.txtExtracted texttext/plain1733https://repositorio.unicolmayor.edu.co/bitstream/unicolmayor/5601/16/FORMATO%20DERECHOS%20DE%20AUTOR%20TG%202021%20Cubides.doc%282%29.pdf.txt98631a31bcf29bb9e112bce0cb09f94cMD516metadata only accessIdentificación de disruptores endocrinos en carne de pollo Revisión documental_PaulaCubides_DanielaDiaz_LizehGiraldo_InformeFinal_2021.docx.pdf.txtIdentificación de disruptores endocrinos en carne de pollo Revisión documental_PaulaCubides_DanielaDiaz_LizehGiraldo_InformeFinal_2021.docx.pdf.txtExtracted texttext/plain101081https://repositorio.unicolmayor.edu.co/bitstream/unicolmayor/5601/18/Identificaci%c3%b3n%20de%20disruptores%20endocrinos%20en%20carne%20de%20pollo%20Revisi%c3%b3n%20documental_PaulaCubides_DanielaDiaz_LizehGiraldo_InformeFinal_2021.docx.pdf.txtaa38bc6c60e8b0c4e9bc6ab1cc8e65ccMD518open accessTHUMBNAILCARTA DECANO DERECHOS DE AUTOR MODALIDADES DE GRADO IIP 2021.pdf.jpgCARTA DECANO DERECHOS DE AUTOR MODALIDADES DE GRADO IIP 2021.pdf.jpgGenerated Thumbnailimage/jpeg9846https://repositorio.unicolmayor.edu.co/bitstream/unicolmayor/5601/9/CARTA%20DECANO%20DERECHOS%20DE%20AUTOR%20MODALIDADES%20DE%20GRADO%20IIP%202021.pdf.jpga0b679346419d6b2cfdc9d604a17cf4aMD59metadata only accessPORTADA TRABAJOS DE GRADO IIP 2021 Cubides.docx(1).pdf.jpgPORTADA TRABAJOS DE GRADO IIP 2021 Cubides.docx(1).pdf.jpgGenerated Thumbnailimage/jpeg8077https://repositorio.unicolmayor.edu.co/bitstream/unicolmayor/5601/11/PORTADA%20TRABAJOS%20DE%20GRADO%20IIP%202021%20Cubides.docx%281%29.pdf.jpga4cb72f2fb1f27b916e4f7688e6c727cMD511metadata only accessPresentación Identificación de disruptores endocrinos en carne de pollo- Revisión documental_PaulaCubides_DanielaDiaz_LizethGiraldo .pdf.jpgPresentación Identificación de disruptores endocrinos en carne de pollo- Revisión documental_PaulaCubides_DanielaDiaz_LizethGiraldo .pdf.jpgGenerated Thumbnailimage/jpeg8121https://repositorio.unicolmayor.edu.co/bitstream/unicolmayor/5601/13/Presentaci%c3%b3n%20Identificaci%c3%b3n%20de%20disruptores%20endocrinos%20en%20carne%20de%20pollo-%20Revisi%c3%b3n%20documental_PaulaCubides_DanielaDiaz_LizethGiraldo%20.pdf.jpgc5a69d19a31b99bedbc52361ff865fccMD513open accessFORMATO CARTA DERECHOS DE AUTOR FIRMA DECANA IIP2021 Cubides Acero.docx.pdf.jpgFORMATO CARTA DERECHOS DE AUTOR FIRMA DECANA IIP2021 Cubides Acero.docx.pdf.jpgGenerated Thumbnailimage/jpeg9575https://repositorio.unicolmayor.edu.co/bitstream/unicolmayor/5601/15/FORMATO%20CARTA%20DERECHOS%20DE%20AUTOR%20FIRMA%20DECANA%20IIP2021%20Cubides%20Acero.docx.pdf.jpg12a3bead7021515dc589afe0c863b790MD515metadata only accessFORMATO DERECHOS DE AUTOR TG 2021 Cubides.doc(2).pdf.jpgFORMATO DERECHOS DE AUTOR TG 2021 Cubides.doc(2).pdf.jpgGenerated Thumbnailimage/jpeg11070https://repositorio.unicolmayor.edu.co/bitstream/unicolmayor/5601/17/FORMATO%20DERECHOS%20DE%20AUTOR%20TG%202021%20Cubides.doc%282%29.pdf.jpg8b9af2988b3aaccfe8fca5007d6d8bafMD517metadata only accessIdentificación de disruptores endocrinos en carne de pollo Revisión documental_PaulaCubides_DanielaDiaz_LizehGiraldo_InformeFinal_2021.docx.pdf.jpgIdentificación de disruptores endocrinos en carne de pollo Revisión documental_PaulaCubides_DanielaDiaz_LizehGiraldo_InformeFinal_2021.docx.pdf.jpgGenerated Thumbnailimage/jpeg5706https://repositorio.unicolmayor.edu.co/bitstream/unicolmayor/5601/19/Identificaci%c3%b3n%20de%20disruptores%20endocrinos%20en%20carne%20de%20pollo%20Revisi%c3%b3n%20documental_PaulaCubides_DanielaDiaz_LizehGiraldo_InformeFinal_2021.docx.pdf.jpgf8dfff1fc21a719907e7bd8ee9715559MD519open accessORIGINALIdentificación de disruptores endocrinos en carne de pollo Revisión documental_PaulaCubides_DanielaDiaz_LizehGiraldo_InformeFinal_2021.docx.pdfIdentificación de disruptores endocrinos en carne de pollo Revisión documental_PaulaCubides_DanielaDiaz_LizehGiraldo_InformeFinal_2021.docx.pdfapplication/pdf966805https://repositorio.unicolmayor.edu.co/bitstream/unicolmayor/5601/20/Identificaci%c3%b3n%20de%20disruptores%20endocrinos%20en%20carne%20de%20pollo%20Revisi%c3%b3n%20documental_PaulaCubides_DanielaDiaz_LizehGiraldo_InformeFinal_2021.docx.pdfad458e7b599188d704725159b2632b69MD520open accessPresentación Identificación de disruptores endocrinos en carne de pollo- Revisión documental_PaulaCubides_DanielaDiaz_LizethGiraldo .pdfPresentación Identificación de disruptores endocrinos en carne de pollo- Revisión documental_PaulaCubides_DanielaDiaz_LizethGiraldo .pdfapplication/pdf4344862https://repositorio.unicolmayor.edu.co/bitstream/unicolmayor/5601/21/Presentaci%c3%b3n%20Identificaci%c3%b3n%20de%20disruptores%20endocrinos%20en%20carne%20de%20pollo-%20Revisi%c3%b3n%20documental_PaulaCubides_DanielaDiaz_LizethGiraldo%20.pdf154b9f863462b344cc79fdbe56369df8MD521open accessFORMATO CARTA DERECHOS DE AUTOR FIRMA DECANA IIP2021 Cubides Acero.docx.pdfFORMATO CARTA DERECHOS DE AUTOR FIRMA DECANA IIP2021 Cubides Acero.docx.pdfapplication/pdf99710https://repositorio.unicolmayor.edu.co/bitstream/unicolmayor/5601/22/FORMATO%20CARTA%20DERECHOS%20DE%20AUTOR%20FIRMA%20DECANA%20IIP2021%20Cubides%20Acero.docx.pdfd73d2eacacb6d91e360daa2bdbd88646MD522metadata only accessFORMATO DERECHOS DE AUTOR TG 2021 Cubides.doc(2).pdfFORMATO DERECHOS DE AUTOR TG 2021 Cubides.doc(2).pdfapplication/pdf683857https://repositorio.unicolmayor.edu.co/bitstream/unicolmayor/5601/23/FORMATO%20DERECHOS%20DE%20AUTOR%20TG%202021%20Cubides.doc%282%29.pdfabbf95a33fbe02ffa68bc7655f21f18cMD523metadata only accessunicolmayor/5601oai:repositorio.unicolmayor.edu.co:unicolmayor/56012024-05-02 11:38:29.507An error occurred on the license name.|||https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/open accessBiblioteca Digital Unicolmayorrepositorio@unicolmayor.edu.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

Publicaciones similares