Diferencias individuales en el desarrollo de la autoeficacia y el logro académico: el efecto de un andamiaje computacional

A presente pesquisa examina a relação existente entre auto - eficácia, sucesso acadêmico e estilo cognitivo de estudantes de secundária durante a interação com um ambiente hipermedial para a aprendizagem de transformações geométricas sob três condições contrastadas: a) a presença ou ausência de uma...

Full description

Autores:
López-Vargas, Omar
Valencia-Vallejo, Nilson Genaro
Tipo de recurso:
Article of journal
Fecha de publicación:
2012
Institución:
Universidad Católica de Colombia
Repositorio:
RIUCaC - Repositorio U. Católica
Idioma:
spa
OAI Identifier:
oai:repository.ucatolica.edu.co:10983/962
Acceso en línea:
http://hdl.handle.net/10983/962
Palabra clave:
Autoeficacia
Autoeficacia
Logro académico
Logro académico
Estilo cognitivo
Estilo cognitivo
Ambiente hipermedia
Ambiente hipermedia
Andamiaje autorregulador
Andamiaje autorregulador
Aprendizaje en parejas
Aprendizaje en parejas
Self-efficacy
Academic achievement
Academic achievement
Cognitive style
Cognitive style
Hypermedia environment
Hypermedia environment
Self-regulatory structure
Self-regulatory structure
Peer work
Peer work
Auto-eficácia
Auto-eficácia
Sucesso acadêmico
Sucesso acadêmico
Estrutura autorreguladora
Estrutura autorreguladora
Aprendizagem em duplas
Aprendizagem em duplas
Autoeficacia
Rendimiento academico
Estilos cognoscitivos
Aprendizaje
Enseñanza con ayuda de computadores
Rights
openAccess
License
Derechos Reservados - Universidad Católica de Colombia, 2012
id UCATOLICA2_978a881ad08b471ea634bbd45ea259e3
oai_identifier_str oai:repository.ucatolica.edu.co:10983/962
network_acronym_str UCATOLICA2
network_name_str RIUCaC - Repositorio U. Católica
repository_id_str
dc.title.spa.fl_str_mv Diferencias individuales en el desarrollo de la autoeficacia y el logro académico: el efecto de un andamiaje computacional
Individual differences in the development of self-efficacy and academic achievement: the effect of a computational structure
Diferenças individuais no desenvolvimento da auto - eficácia e o sucesso acadêmico: o efeito de uma estrutura computacional
title Diferencias individuales en el desarrollo de la autoeficacia y el logro académico: el efecto de un andamiaje computacional
spellingShingle Diferencias individuales en el desarrollo de la autoeficacia y el logro académico: el efecto de un andamiaje computacional
Autoeficacia
Autoeficacia
Logro académico
Logro académico
Estilo cognitivo
Estilo cognitivo
Ambiente hipermedia
Ambiente hipermedia
Andamiaje autorregulador
Andamiaje autorregulador
Aprendizaje en parejas
Aprendizaje en parejas
Self-efficacy
Academic achievement
Academic achievement
Cognitive style
Cognitive style
Hypermedia environment
Hypermedia environment
Self-regulatory structure
Self-regulatory structure
Peer work
Peer work
Auto-eficácia
Auto-eficácia
Sucesso acadêmico
Sucesso acadêmico
Estrutura autorreguladora
Estrutura autorreguladora
Aprendizagem em duplas
Aprendizagem em duplas
Autoeficacia
Rendimiento academico
Estilos cognoscitivos
Aprendizaje
Enseñanza con ayuda de computadores
title_short Diferencias individuales en el desarrollo de la autoeficacia y el logro académico: el efecto de un andamiaje computacional
title_full Diferencias individuales en el desarrollo de la autoeficacia y el logro académico: el efecto de un andamiaje computacional
title_fullStr Diferencias individuales en el desarrollo de la autoeficacia y el logro académico: el efecto de un andamiaje computacional
title_full_unstemmed Diferencias individuales en el desarrollo de la autoeficacia y el logro académico: el efecto de un andamiaje computacional
title_sort Diferencias individuales en el desarrollo de la autoeficacia y el logro académico: el efecto de un andamiaje computacional
dc.creator.fl_str_mv López-Vargas, Omar
Valencia-Vallejo, Nilson Genaro
dc.contributor.author.spa.fl_str_mv López-Vargas, Omar
Valencia-Vallejo, Nilson Genaro
dc.subject.spa.fl_str_mv Autoeficacia
Autoeficacia
Logro académico
Logro académico
Estilo cognitivo
Estilo cognitivo
Ambiente hipermedia
Ambiente hipermedia
Andamiaje autorregulador
Andamiaje autorregulador
Aprendizaje en parejas
Aprendizaje en parejas
Self-efficacy
Academic achievement
Academic achievement
Cognitive style
Cognitive style
Hypermedia environment
Hypermedia environment
Self-regulatory structure
Self-regulatory structure
Peer work
Peer work
Auto-eficácia
Auto-eficácia
Sucesso acadêmico
Sucesso acadêmico
Estrutura autorreguladora
Estrutura autorreguladora
Aprendizagem em duplas
Aprendizagem em duplas
topic Autoeficacia
Autoeficacia
Logro académico
Logro académico
Estilo cognitivo
Estilo cognitivo
Ambiente hipermedia
Ambiente hipermedia
Andamiaje autorregulador
Andamiaje autorregulador
Aprendizaje en parejas
Aprendizaje en parejas
Self-efficacy
Academic achievement
Academic achievement
Cognitive style
Cognitive style
Hypermedia environment
Hypermedia environment
Self-regulatory structure
Self-regulatory structure
Peer work
Peer work
Auto-eficácia
Auto-eficácia
Sucesso acadêmico
Sucesso acadêmico
Estrutura autorreguladora
Estrutura autorreguladora
Aprendizagem em duplas
Aprendizagem em duplas
Autoeficacia
Rendimiento academico
Estilos cognoscitivos
Aprendizaje
Enseñanza con ayuda de computadores
dc.subject.lemb.spa.fl_str_mv Autoeficacia
Rendimiento academico
Estilos cognoscitivos
Aprendizaje
Enseñanza con ayuda de computadores
description A presente pesquisa examina a relação existente entre auto - eficácia, sucesso acadêmico e estilo cognitivo de estudantes de secundária durante a interação com um ambiente hipermedial para a aprendizagem de transformações geométricas sob três condições contrastadas: a) a presença ou ausência de uma estrutura autorreguladora no software; b) a aprendizagem individual ou em duplas e c) o estilo cognitivo na dimensão de independência-dependência de campo.
publishDate 2012
dc.date.issued.spa.fl_str_mv 2012-12
dc.date.accessioned.spa.fl_str_mv 2013-07-18T20:01:07Z
dc.date.available.spa.fl_str_mv 2013-07-18T20:01:07Z
dc.type.spa.fl_str_mv Artículo de revista
dc.type.coar.fl_str_mv http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1
dc.type.coarversion.fl_str_mv http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85
dc.type.coar.spa.fl_str_mv http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
dc.type.content.spa.fl_str_mv Text
dc.type.driver.spa.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
dc.type.redcol.spa.fl_str_mv http://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/ART
dc.type.version.spa.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
format http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.citation.spa.fl_str_mv López-Vargas, O., & Valencia-Vallejo, N. (2012). Diferencias individuales en el desarrollo de la autoeficacia y el logro académico: el efecto de un andamiaje computacional. Acta Colombiana de Psicología, 15(2), 29-41. Recuperado de http://editorial.ucatolica.edu.co/ojsucatolica/revistas_ucatolica/index.php/acta-colombiana-psicologia/article/view/264
dc.identifier.issn.spa.fl_str_mv 0123-9155
dc.identifier.uri.spa.fl_str_mv http://hdl.handle.net/10983/962
identifier_str_mv López-Vargas, O., & Valencia-Vallejo, N. (2012). Diferencias individuales en el desarrollo de la autoeficacia y el logro académico: el efecto de un andamiaje computacional. Acta Colombiana de Psicología, 15(2), 29-41. Recuperado de http://editorial.ucatolica.edu.co/ojsucatolica/revistas_ucatolica/index.php/acta-colombiana-psicologia/article/view/264
0123-9155
url http://hdl.handle.net/10983/962
dc.language.iso.spa.fl_str_mv spa
language spa
dc.relation.ispartof.spa.fl_str_mv Acta Colombiana de Psicología, Vol. 15, no 2. (jul.-dic. 2012); p. 29-41
dc.relation.references.spa.fl_str_mv Alomyan, H. (2004). Individual Differences: Implications for Web-based Learning Design. International Education Journal. 4(4), 188 -196.
Angeli, C., Valanides, N. & Kirschner, P. (2009). Field dependence-independence and instructional design effects on learners' performance with a computer-modeling tool. Computers in Human Behavior. 25(6), 1355-1366. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2009.05.010.
Azevedo, R., Moos, D., Greene, J., Winters, F. & Cromley, J. (2008). Why is externally-facilitated regulated learning more effective than self-regulated learning with hypermedia?. Education Tech Research, 56(1),45-72. doi:10.1007/s11423-007-9067-0.
Bandura, A. (1977). Self-efficacy: towards a unifying theory of behavioral change. Psychological Review, 84, 191-215.
Bandura, A. (1986). Social foundations of thought and action: A social cognitive theory. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
Bandura, A. (1997). Self-efficacy: The exercise of control. New York: Freeman.
Bandura, A. (2002). Social cognitive theory in cultural context. Journal of Applied Psychology: An International Review, 51(2), 269-290. doi: 10.1111/1464-0597.00092.
Bandura, A., & Locke, E. A. (2003). Negative self-efficacy and goal effects revisited. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88(1), 87-99. doi:10.1037/0021-9010.88.1.87.
Beers, P. J. (2005). Negotiating common ground: Tools for multidisciplinary teams. (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Open University of The Netherlands, Heerlen, The Netherlands.
Beers, P. J., Boshuizen, H. P. A., Kirschner, P. A., & Gijselaers, W. H. (2007). The analysis of negotiation of common ground in CSCL. Learning and Instruction, 17(4), 427-435. doi:10.1016/j.learninstruc.2007.04.002.
Bouffard-Bouchard, T. (1990). Influence of self-efficacy on performance in a cognitive task. The Journal of Social Psychology, 130(3), 353-363. doi: 10.1080/00224545.1990.9924591.
Burton, J. K., Moore, D. M. & Holmes, G. A. (1995). Hypermedia concepts and research: An overview. Computers in Human Behavior, 11(3), 345-369. doi: i: 10.1016/0747-5632(95)80004-R.
Caprara, G. V., Vecchione, M., Alessandri, G., Gerbino, M., & Barbaranelli, C. (2011). The contribution of personality traits and self-efficacy beliefs to academic achievement: A longitudinal study. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 81(1), 78-96. doi: 10.1348/2044-8279.002004.
Chen, S. Y., & Macredie, R. (2002). Cognitive styles and hypermedia navigation: Development of a learning model. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 53(1), 3-15. doi: 10.1002/asi.10023.
Cheng, K.-H, & Tsai, C.-C. (2011). An investigation of Taiwan University students' perceptions of online academic help seeking, and their web-based learning self-efficacy. The Internet and Higher Education 14(3), 150-157. doi:10.1016/j.iheduc.2011.04.002.
Chi, M. T.H., Siler, S., Jeong, H., Yamauchi, T., & Hausmann, R. (2001). Learning from human tutoring. Cognitive Science, 25(4), 471-534. doi: 10.1207/s15516709cog2504_1.
Chou, H. (2001). Influences of cognitive style and training method on training effectiveness. Computers & Education, 37(1), 11-25. doi:10.1016/S0360-1315(01)00028-8.
Dillenbourg, P., Baker, M., Blaye, A., & O'Malley, C. (1996). The evolution of research on collaborative learning. In H. Spada, & P. Reiman (Eds.), Learning in humans and machine: towards an interdisciplinary learning science (pp. 189-211). Oxford, UK: Elsevier.
Durham, C., Knight, D., & Locke, E. (1997). Effects of leader role, team-set goal difficulty, efficacy, and tactics on team effectiveness. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 72(2), 203-231. doi: org/10.1006/obhd.1997.2739.
Fischer, F., Bruhn, J., Grasel, C., & Mandl, H. (2002). Fostering collaborative knowledge construction with visualization tools. Learning and Instruction, 12(2), 213-232. doi: org/10.1016/S0959-4752 (01) 00005-6.
Garrison, D. R., Anderson., T., & Archer, W. (2001). Critical thinking, cognitive presence, and computer conferencing in distance education. American Journal of Distance Education, 15(1), 7-23. doi:10.1080/08923640109527071.
Gerhardt, W. & Brown, G. (2006). Individual differences in self-efficacy development: The effects of goal orientation and affectivity. Learning and Individual Differences, 16(1), 43-59. doi: org/10.1016/j.lindif.2005.06.006.
Goddard, R. D. (2001). Collective efficacy: a neglected construct in the study of schools and student achievement. Journal of Educational Psychology, 93(3), 467-476. doi: 10.1037/0022-0663.93.3.467.
Hadwin, A. F. & Winne, P.H. (2001). CoNoteS2: A Software Tool for Promoting Self-Regulation. Educational Research and Evaluation. 7(2), 313-334. doi: 10.1076/edre.7.2.313.3868.
Handal, B. & Herrington, T. (2004). On being dependent and independent in computer based learning environments. Journal of Instructional Science and Technology, (7)2, 1-10.
Hederich, C. (2007). Estilo cognitivo en la dimensión de dependencia-independencia de campo. Influencias culturales e implicaciones para la educación. Universidad Pedagógica Nacional. Bogotá - Colombia.
Hoffman, B. & Schraw, G. (2009). The influence of self-efficacy and working memory capacity on problem-solving ­efficiency. Learning and Individual Differences, 19(1), 91-100. doi: org/10.1016/j.lindif.2008.08.001.
Inkpen, K., Booth, K.,Klawe M., & Upitis, R (1996). Cooperative Learning In The Classroom: The Importance of a Collaborative. Environment for Computer-Based Education. 1-10.
Jackson, S., Krajcik, J., & Soloway, E. (2000). MODEL-IT: A design retrospective. In M. Jacobson, y R. Kozma (Eds.), Innovations in science and mathematics education: Advanced designs for technologies of learning (pp. 77-116). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
Johnson, D. W., & Johnson, R. T. (1999). Learning together and along: Cooperative, competitive, and individualistic learning (5th ed.). Boston, MA: Allyn & Bacon.
Kirschner F., Paas F. & Kirschner P.A. (2009). Individual and group-based learning from complex cognitive tasks: Effects on retention and transfer efficiency. Computers in Human Behavior, 25(2), 306-314. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2008.12.008.
Kramarski, B., & Zeichner, O. (2001). Using technology to enhance mathematical reasoning: Effects of feedback and self-regulation learning. Educational Media International, 38(2), 77-82. doi: 10.1080/09523980110041458.
Kramarski, B., & Gutman, M. (2006). How can self-regulated learning be supported in mathematical e-learning environments? Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 22(1), 24-33. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2729.2006.00157.x.
Lajoie, S. P., & Azevedo, R. (2006). Teaching and learning in technology-rich environments. In P. Alexander & P. Winne (Eds). Handbook of educational psychology (2nd ed., pp. 803-821). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
Lee, M. W., Chen, S. Y., Chrysostomou, K., & Liu, X. (2009). Miningstudents' behavior in web-based learning programs. Expert Systems with Applications, 36(2), 3459-3464. doi:10.1016/j.eswa.2008.02.054.
Leguizamon, M., & López, O. (2010). Influencia de las metas en el aprendizaje co-regulado con ambientes hipermedia. Revista pedagogía y sabere,. 32, 99-110.
López, F. G., Lent, R. W., Brown, S. D., & Gore, P. A. (1997). Role of social-cognitive expectations in high school students' mathematics-related interest and performance. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 44(1), 44-52. doi: 10.1037/0022-0167.44.1.44.
López, O. (2010). Estilo cognitivo, aprendizaje autorregulado y logro académico en escenarios computacionales. (Disertación doctoral no publicada). Universidad Pedagógica Nacional, Bogotá, Colombia.
López, O. (2012). Diferencias individuales del aprendizaje con ambientes computacionales: Autorregulación y estilo cognitivo. Saarbrücken, Alemania: Editorial Académica Española GmbH & Co.
López, O., & Hederich. C. (2010). Efecto de un andamiaje autorregulador para facilitar el aprendizaje autorregulado en ambientes hipermedia. Revista Colombiana de Educación, 58, 14-39.
López, O., Hederich. C., & Camargo, A. (2011). Estilo cognitivo y logro académico. Revista Educación y Educadores, 14(1), 67-82.
López, O., Hederich, C., & Camargo, A. (2012). Logro de aprendizaje en ambientes hipermediales: andamiaje autorregulador y estilo cognitivo. Revista Latinoamericana de Psicologia, 44(2), 13-26.
Mäkitalo, K., Weinberger, A., Häkkinen, P., Järvelä, S., & Fischer, F. (2005). Epistemic cooperation scripts in online learning environments: Fostering learning by reducing uncertainty in discourse? Computers in Human Behavior, 21(4), 603-622. doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2004.10.033.
Martocchio, J. J. (1994). Effects of conceptions of ability on anxiety, self-efficacy, and learning in training. Journal of Applied Psychology: Interdisciplinary and Applied, 79(6), 819-825. doi: 10.1037/0021-9010.79.6.819.
Mathieu, J. E., Martineau, J. W., & Tannenbaum, S. I. (1993). Individual and situational influences on the development of self-efficacy: Implications for training effectiveness. Personnel Psychology, 46(1), 125-147. doi: 10.1111/j.1744-6570.1993.tb00870.x.
Nelson, B., & Ketelhut, D. (2008). Exploring embedded guidance and self-efficacy in educational multi-user virtual environments. Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning. 3(4),413-427. doi:10.1007/s11412-008-9049-1.
Nie, Y., Lau, S., & Liau, A. (2011). Role of academic self-efficacy in moderating the relation between task importance and test anxiety. Learning and Individual Differences, 21(6), 736-741. doi:10.1016/j.lindif.2011.09.005.
Pajares, F., & Miller, M. D. (1997). Mathematics self-efficacy and mathematical problem-solving: Implications of Using Different Forms of Assessment. The Journal of Experimental Education, 65(3), 213-228.
Pajares, F., & Schunk, D. H. (2001). Self-beliefs and school success: Self-efficacy, self-concept, and school achievement. In R. J. Riding & S. G. Rayner, (Eds.), International perspectives on individual differences: Self-perception (Vol. 2).
Pea, R. D. (2004). The Social and Technological Dimensions of Scaffolding and Related Theoretical Concepts for Learning, Education, and Human Activity. Journal of the Learning Sciences, 13(3), 423-451. doi:10.1207/s15327809jls1303_6
Peterson, E., Mitchell, T. R., Thompson, L., & Burr, R. (2000). Collective efficacy and aspects of shared mental models as predictors of performance over time in work groups. Group Processes and Intergroup Relations, 3(3), 296-316. doi: 10.1177/1368430200033005.
Phillips, J. M., & Gully, S. M. (1997). Role of goal orientation, ability, need for achievement, and locus of control in the selfefficacy and goal-setting process. Journal of Applied Psychology, 82(5), 792-802.
Pintrich P. R., Smith, D. A., Garcia, T. & McKeachie, W. J. (1993). Reliability and Predictive Validity of the Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire (Mslq). Educational and Psychological Measurement, 53(3), 801-813. doi: 10.1177/0013164493053003024.
Pintrich, P. (1995). Understanding self-regulated learning. In R. J. Menges & M. D. Svinicki (Eds.), Understanding self-regulated learning, New Directions for teaching and learning (pp. 3-12). San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass Publishers.
Pintrich, P. R., & Schunk, D. H. (2002). Motivation in education: Theory, research, and applications (2nd ed.). Columbus, OH: Merrill-Prentice Hall.
Pintrich, P. R. (2004). A Conceptual Framework for Assessing Motivation and Self-Regulated Learning in College Students. Educational Psychology Review, 16(4), 385-407. doi:10.1007/s10648-004-0006-x.
Puntambekar, S., & Hubscher, R. (2005). Tools for scaffolding students in a complex learning environment: What have we gained and what have we missed? Educational Psychologist, 40(1), 1-12. doi: 10.1207/s15326985ep4001_1.
Riding, R. & Cheema, I. (1991). Cognitive styles - an overview and integration. Educational Psychology, 11 (3), 193-215. doi: 10.1080/0144341910110301.
Roschelle, J., & Teasley, S. (1995). The construction of shared knowledge in collaborative problem solving. In C. O'Malley (Ed.), Computer supported collaborative learning (pp. 69-197). Berlin: Springer.
Sawa, H. (1966). Analytic thinking and synthetic thinking. Bulletin of Faculty of Education, Nagasaki University, 13, 1-16.
Schunk, D. H. (1990). Goal setting and self-efficacy during self-regulated learning. Educational Psychologist 25 (1), 71-86.
Schunk, D. H. (1991). Self-efficacy and academic motivation. Educational Psychologist, 26, 207-231.
Schunk, D. H., & Zimmerman, B. J. (1994). Self-regulation of learning and performance. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
Schunk, D. H. (2003). Self-efficacy for reading and writing: Influence of modeling, goal-setting, and self-evaluation. Reading and Writing Quarterly, 19, 159- 172.
Tinajero, C., Castelo, A., Guisande, A., & Páramo, F. (2011). Adaptive Teaching and Field Dependence-Independence: Instructional Implications. Revista Latinoamericana de Psicología, 43 (3), 497-510.
Tinajero, C., Lemos, S. M., Araújo, M., Ferraces, M. J. & Páramo, M. F. (2012). Cognitive Style and Learning Strategies as Factors which Affect Academic Achievement of Brazilian University Students. Psicologia: Reflexão e Crítica, 25 (1), 105-113.
Treasure, D. C., Monson, J., & Lox, C. L. (1996). Relationships between self-efficacy, wrestling performance, and affect prior to competition. Sport Psychologist, 10(1), 73-83.
Tzeng, J. (2009). The impact of general and specific performance and self-efficacy on learning with computer-based concept mapping. Computers in Human Behavior 25 (4), 989-996. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2009.04.009.
Van Bruggen, J., Kirschner, P. A., & Jochems, W. (2002). External representation of argumentation in CSCL and the management of cognitive load. Learning and Instruction, 12(1), 121-138. doi:10.1016/S0959-4752(01)00019-6.
Van Drie, J., Van Boxtel, C. A. M., Jaspers, J., & Kanselaar, G. (2005). Effects of representational guidance on domain specific reasoning in CSCL. Computers in Human Behavior, 21(4), 575-602. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2004.10.024.
VanLehn, K., Siler, S., Murray, C., Yamauchi, T., & Baggett, W. B. (2003). Why Do Only Some Events Cause Learning During Human Tutoring? Cognition and Instruction, 21(3), 209-249. doi:10.1207/S1532690XCI2103_01.
Wan, S., & Lin, S.J. (2007). The effects of group composition of self-efficacy and collective efficacy on computer-supported collaborative learning. Computers in Human Behavior 23(5), 2256-2268 doi:10.1016/j.chb.2006.03.005.
Westelinck, K., Valcke, M., De Craene, B., & Kirschner, P. A. (2005). Multimedia learning in social sciences: Limitations of external graphical representations. Computers in Human Behavior, 21(4), 555-573. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2004.10.030.
Winne, P. H. (2001). Self-regulated learning viewed from models of information processing. In B. Zimmerman & D. Schunk (Eds.), Self-regulated learning and academic achievement: Theoretical perspectives (pp. 153-189). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
Witkin, H. A., & Goodenough, D. R. (1977). Field dependence and interpersonal behavior. Psychological Bulletin, 84(4), 661-689.
Wood, D., Bruner, J.S., & Ross, G. (1976). The role of tutoring and problem solving. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 17(2),89-100. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1976.tb00381.x.
Zimmerman, B. J. (1986). Becoming a self-regulated learner: Which are the key subprocesses? Contemporary Educational Psychology, 11(4), 307-313. doi: org/10.1016/0361-476X(86)90027-5.
Zimmerman, B. J., & Schunk, D. H. (Eds.) (1989). Self-regulated learning and academic achievement: Theory, research, and practice. New York: Springer.
Zimmerman, B. J. & Martínez-Pons M. (1990) Student differences in self-regulated learning: Relating grade, sex, and giftedness to self-efficacy and strategy use. Journal of Educational Psychology, 82, 51-59. doi:10.1037//0022-0663.82.1.51.
Zimmerman, B. J., & Schunk, D. H. (Eds.) (2001). Self-regulated learning and academic achievement: Theoretical perspectives (2nd Ed.) Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
dc.rights.spa.fl_str_mv Derechos Reservados - Universidad Católica de Colombia, 2012
dc.rights.coar.fl_str_mv http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
dc.rights.accessrights.spa.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.rights.creativecommons.spa.fl_str_mv Atribución-NoComercial 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC 4.0)
dc.rights.uri.spa.fl_str_mv https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
rights_invalid_str_mv Derechos Reservados - Universidad Católica de Colombia, 2012
Atribución-NoComercial 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC 4.0)
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.format.mimetype.spa.fl_str_mv application/pdf
dc.publisher.spa.fl_str_mv Universidad Católica de Colombia. Facultad de Psicología
institution Universidad Católica de Colombia
bitstream.url.fl_str_mv https://repository.ucatolica.edu.co/bitstreams/02dfb7dd-d9f2-4483-aee7-86d79fab3a54/download
https://repository.ucatolica.edu.co/bitstreams/cd9548b1-be5e-4162-a37d-536b12541164/download
https://repository.ucatolica.edu.co/bitstreams/2e398e67-644d-40bd-955a-5484e1e64075/download
https://repository.ucatolica.edu.co/bitstreams/4697acc0-e96d-481f-aff5-6212307a4ffd/download
bitstream.checksum.fl_str_mv 3ff3222eb63b152232918a7b920ff6ea
e2dd342f2c351b678ff0101de2d0e3d8
6047422852d1926522aed58ff0199620
61867e6eeace2ab2509e31f92273ee6a
bitstream.checksumAlgorithm.fl_str_mv MD5
MD5
MD5
MD5
repository.name.fl_str_mv Repositorio Institucional Universidad Católica de Colombia - RIUCaC
repository.mail.fl_str_mv bdigital@metabiblioteca.com
_version_ 1814256197961777152
spelling López-Vargas, Omar3f9db618-0f2e-472e-8496-b87b86ef000b-1Valencia-Vallejo, Nilson Genaro13f5a8b0-9999-41a9-a361-0c47beca9012-12013-07-18T20:01:07Z2013-07-18T20:01:07Z2012-12A presente pesquisa examina a relação existente entre auto - eficácia, sucesso acadêmico e estilo cognitivo de estudantes de secundária durante a interação com um ambiente hipermedial para a aprendizagem de transformações geométricas sob três condições contrastadas: a) a presença ou ausência de uma estrutura autorreguladora no software; b) a aprendizagem individual ou em duplas e c) o estilo cognitivo na dimensão de independência-dependência de campo.La presente investigación examina la relación existente entre autoeficacia, logro académico y estilo cognitivo de estudiantes de secundaria durante la interacción con un ambiente hipermedial para el aprendizaje de transformaciones geométricas en el plano bajo tres condiciones contrastadas: a) la presencia o ausencia de un andamiaje autorregulador en el software; b) el aprendizaje individual o en parejas y c) el estilo cognitivo en la dimensión de independencia-dependencia de campo. Participaron en el estudio 140 estudiantes de cuatro cursos del grado décimo de la institución educativa integrado de Soacha - Cundinamarca. La investigación tiene un diseño factorial 2x2x3, con grupos previamente conformados. Se realizó un análisis MANCOVA, el cual mostró efectos significativos sobre la autoeficacia y el logro académico, por la presencia del andamiaje y el trabajo en parejas.This research examines the relationship between self-efficacy, cognitive style and academic achievement of high school students during the interaction with a hypermedia environment to learn geometric transformations in the plane under three contrasting conditions: a) presence or absence of a self-regulatory structure in the software, b) learning individually or in pairs, and c) cognitive style in the dimension of field independence/dependence. Participants were 140 tenth grade students from four class groups of a high school at Soacha, Cundinamarca - Colombia. The research used a 2x2x3 factorial design, with pre-formed groups. A MANCOVA analysis was performed which showed significant effects on self-efficacy and academic achievement due to the presence of a self-regulatory structure and work in pairs.application/pdfLópez-Vargas, O., & Valencia-Vallejo, N. (2012). Diferencias individuales en el desarrollo de la autoeficacia y el logro académico: el efecto de un andamiaje computacional. Acta Colombiana de Psicología, 15(2), 29-41. Recuperado de http://editorial.ucatolica.edu.co/ojsucatolica/revistas_ucatolica/index.php/acta-colombiana-psicologia/article/view/2640123-9155http://hdl.handle.net/10983/962spaUniversidad Católica de Colombia. Facultad de PsicologíaActa Colombiana de Psicología, Vol. 15, no 2. (jul.-dic. 2012); p. 29-41Alomyan, H. (2004). Individual Differences: Implications for Web-based Learning Design. International Education Journal. 4(4), 188 -196.Angeli, C., Valanides, N. & Kirschner, P. (2009). Field dependence-independence and instructional design effects on learners' performance with a computer-modeling tool. Computers in Human Behavior. 25(6), 1355-1366. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2009.05.010.Azevedo, R., Moos, D., Greene, J., Winters, F. & Cromley, J. (2008). Why is externally-facilitated regulated learning more effective than self-regulated learning with hypermedia?. Education Tech Research, 56(1),45-72. doi:10.1007/s11423-007-9067-0.Bandura, A. (1977). Self-efficacy: towards a unifying theory of behavioral change. Psychological Review, 84, 191-215.Bandura, A. (1986). Social foundations of thought and action: A social cognitive theory. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.Bandura, A. (1997). Self-efficacy: The exercise of control. New York: Freeman.Bandura, A. (2002). Social cognitive theory in cultural context. Journal of Applied Psychology: An International Review, 51(2), 269-290. doi: 10.1111/1464-0597.00092.Bandura, A., & Locke, E. A. (2003). Negative self-efficacy and goal effects revisited. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88(1), 87-99. doi:10.1037/0021-9010.88.1.87.Beers, P. J. (2005). Negotiating common ground: Tools for multidisciplinary teams. (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Open University of The Netherlands, Heerlen, The Netherlands.Beers, P. J., Boshuizen, H. P. A., Kirschner, P. A., & Gijselaers, W. H. (2007). The analysis of negotiation of common ground in CSCL. Learning and Instruction, 17(4), 427-435. doi:10.1016/j.learninstruc.2007.04.002.Bouffard-Bouchard, T. (1990). Influence of self-efficacy on performance in a cognitive task. The Journal of Social Psychology, 130(3), 353-363. doi: 10.1080/00224545.1990.9924591.Burton, J. K., Moore, D. M. & Holmes, G. A. (1995). Hypermedia concepts and research: An overview. Computers in Human Behavior, 11(3), 345-369. doi: i: 10.1016/0747-5632(95)80004-R.Caprara, G. V., Vecchione, M., Alessandri, G., Gerbino, M., & Barbaranelli, C. (2011). The contribution of personality traits and self-efficacy beliefs to academic achievement: A longitudinal study. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 81(1), 78-96. doi: 10.1348/2044-8279.002004.Chen, S. Y., & Macredie, R. (2002). Cognitive styles and hypermedia navigation: Development of a learning model. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 53(1), 3-15. doi: 10.1002/asi.10023.Cheng, K.-H, & Tsai, C.-C. (2011). An investigation of Taiwan University students' perceptions of online academic help seeking, and their web-based learning self-efficacy. The Internet and Higher Education 14(3), 150-157. doi:10.1016/j.iheduc.2011.04.002.Chi, M. T.H., Siler, S., Jeong, H., Yamauchi, T., & Hausmann, R. (2001). Learning from human tutoring. Cognitive Science, 25(4), 471-534. doi: 10.1207/s15516709cog2504_1.Chou, H. (2001). Influences of cognitive style and training method on training effectiveness. Computers & Education, 37(1), 11-25. doi:10.1016/S0360-1315(01)00028-8.Dillenbourg, P., Baker, M., Blaye, A., & O'Malley, C. (1996). The evolution of research on collaborative learning. In H. Spada, & P. Reiman (Eds.), Learning in humans and machine: towards an interdisciplinary learning science (pp. 189-211). Oxford, UK: Elsevier.Durham, C., Knight, D., & Locke, E. (1997). Effects of leader role, team-set goal difficulty, efficacy, and tactics on team effectiveness. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 72(2), 203-231. doi: org/10.1006/obhd.1997.2739.Fischer, F., Bruhn, J., Grasel, C., & Mandl, H. (2002). Fostering collaborative knowledge construction with visualization tools. Learning and Instruction, 12(2), 213-232. doi: org/10.1016/S0959-4752 (01) 00005-6.Garrison, D. R., Anderson., T., & Archer, W. (2001). Critical thinking, cognitive presence, and computer conferencing in distance education. American Journal of Distance Education, 15(1), 7-23. doi:10.1080/08923640109527071.Gerhardt, W. & Brown, G. (2006). Individual differences in self-efficacy development: The effects of goal orientation and affectivity. Learning and Individual Differences, 16(1), 43-59. doi: org/10.1016/j.lindif.2005.06.006.Goddard, R. D. (2001). Collective efficacy: a neglected construct in the study of schools and student achievement. Journal of Educational Psychology, 93(3), 467-476. doi: 10.1037/0022-0663.93.3.467.Hadwin, A. F. & Winne, P.H. (2001). CoNoteS2: A Software Tool for Promoting Self-Regulation. Educational Research and Evaluation. 7(2), 313-334. doi: 10.1076/edre.7.2.313.3868.Handal, B. & Herrington, T. (2004). On being dependent and independent in computer based learning environments. Journal of Instructional Science and Technology, (7)2, 1-10.Hederich, C. (2007). Estilo cognitivo en la dimensión de dependencia-independencia de campo. Influencias culturales e implicaciones para la educación. Universidad Pedagógica Nacional. Bogotá - Colombia.Hoffman, B. & Schraw, G. (2009). The influence of self-efficacy and working memory capacity on problem-solving ­efficiency. Learning and Individual Differences, 19(1), 91-100. doi: org/10.1016/j.lindif.2008.08.001.Inkpen, K., Booth, K.,Klawe M., & Upitis, R (1996). Cooperative Learning In The Classroom: The Importance of a Collaborative. Environment for Computer-Based Education. 1-10.Jackson, S., Krajcik, J., & Soloway, E. (2000). MODEL-IT: A design retrospective. In M. Jacobson, y R. Kozma (Eds.), Innovations in science and mathematics education: Advanced designs for technologies of learning (pp. 77-116). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.Johnson, D. W., & Johnson, R. T. (1999). Learning together and along: Cooperative, competitive, and individualistic learning (5th ed.). Boston, MA: Allyn & Bacon.Kirschner F., Paas F. & Kirschner P.A. (2009). Individual and group-based learning from complex cognitive tasks: Effects on retention and transfer efficiency. Computers in Human Behavior, 25(2), 306-314. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2008.12.008.Kramarski, B., & Zeichner, O. (2001). Using technology to enhance mathematical reasoning: Effects of feedback and self-regulation learning. Educational Media International, 38(2), 77-82. doi: 10.1080/09523980110041458.Kramarski, B., & Gutman, M. (2006). How can self-regulated learning be supported in mathematical e-learning environments? Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 22(1), 24-33. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2729.2006.00157.x.Lajoie, S. P., & Azevedo, R. (2006). Teaching and learning in technology-rich environments. In P. Alexander & P. Winne (Eds). Handbook of educational psychology (2nd ed., pp. 803-821). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.Lee, M. W., Chen, S. Y., Chrysostomou, K., & Liu, X. (2009). Miningstudents' behavior in web-based learning programs. Expert Systems with Applications, 36(2), 3459-3464. doi:10.1016/j.eswa.2008.02.054.Leguizamon, M., & López, O. (2010). Influencia de las metas en el aprendizaje co-regulado con ambientes hipermedia. Revista pedagogía y sabere,. 32, 99-110.López, F. G., Lent, R. W., Brown, S. D., & Gore, P. A. (1997). Role of social-cognitive expectations in high school students' mathematics-related interest and performance. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 44(1), 44-52. doi: 10.1037/0022-0167.44.1.44.López, O. (2010). Estilo cognitivo, aprendizaje autorregulado y logro académico en escenarios computacionales. (Disertación doctoral no publicada). Universidad Pedagógica Nacional, Bogotá, Colombia.López, O. (2012). Diferencias individuales del aprendizaje con ambientes computacionales: Autorregulación y estilo cognitivo. Saarbrücken, Alemania: Editorial Académica Española GmbH & Co.López, O., & Hederich. C. (2010). Efecto de un andamiaje autorregulador para facilitar el aprendizaje autorregulado en ambientes hipermedia. Revista Colombiana de Educación, 58, 14-39.López, O., Hederich. C., & Camargo, A. (2011). Estilo cognitivo y logro académico. Revista Educación y Educadores, 14(1), 67-82.López, O., Hederich, C., & Camargo, A. (2012). Logro de aprendizaje en ambientes hipermediales: andamiaje autorregulador y estilo cognitivo. Revista Latinoamericana de Psicologia, 44(2), 13-26.Mäkitalo, K., Weinberger, A., Häkkinen, P., Järvelä, S., & Fischer, F. (2005). Epistemic cooperation scripts in online learning environments: Fostering learning by reducing uncertainty in discourse? Computers in Human Behavior, 21(4), 603-622. doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2004.10.033.Martocchio, J. J. (1994). Effects of conceptions of ability on anxiety, self-efficacy, and learning in training. Journal of Applied Psychology: Interdisciplinary and Applied, 79(6), 819-825. doi: 10.1037/0021-9010.79.6.819.Mathieu, J. E., Martineau, J. W., & Tannenbaum, S. I. (1993). Individual and situational influences on the development of self-efficacy: Implications for training effectiveness. Personnel Psychology, 46(1), 125-147. doi: 10.1111/j.1744-6570.1993.tb00870.x.Nelson, B., & Ketelhut, D. (2008). Exploring embedded guidance and self-efficacy in educational multi-user virtual environments. Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning. 3(4),413-427. doi:10.1007/s11412-008-9049-1.Nie, Y., Lau, S., & Liau, A. (2011). Role of academic self-efficacy in moderating the relation between task importance and test anxiety. Learning and Individual Differences, 21(6), 736-741. doi:10.1016/j.lindif.2011.09.005.Pajares, F., & Miller, M. D. (1997). Mathematics self-efficacy and mathematical problem-solving: Implications of Using Different Forms of Assessment. The Journal of Experimental Education, 65(3), 213-228.Pajares, F., & Schunk, D. H. (2001). Self-beliefs and school success: Self-efficacy, self-concept, and school achievement. In R. J. Riding & S. G. Rayner, (Eds.), International perspectives on individual differences: Self-perception (Vol. 2).Pea, R. D. (2004). The Social and Technological Dimensions of Scaffolding and Related Theoretical Concepts for Learning, Education, and Human Activity. Journal of the Learning Sciences, 13(3), 423-451. doi:10.1207/s15327809jls1303_6Peterson, E., Mitchell, T. R., Thompson, L., & Burr, R. (2000). Collective efficacy and aspects of shared mental models as predictors of performance over time in work groups. Group Processes and Intergroup Relations, 3(3), 296-316. doi: 10.1177/1368430200033005.Phillips, J. M., & Gully, S. M. (1997). Role of goal orientation, ability, need for achievement, and locus of control in the selfefficacy and goal-setting process. Journal of Applied Psychology, 82(5), 792-802.Pintrich P. R., Smith, D. A., Garcia, T. & McKeachie, W. J. (1993). Reliability and Predictive Validity of the Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire (Mslq). Educational and Psychological Measurement, 53(3), 801-813. doi: 10.1177/0013164493053003024.Pintrich, P. (1995). Understanding self-regulated learning. In R. J. Menges & M. D. Svinicki (Eds.), Understanding self-regulated learning, New Directions for teaching and learning (pp. 3-12). San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass Publishers.Pintrich, P. R., & Schunk, D. H. (2002). Motivation in education: Theory, research, and applications (2nd ed.). Columbus, OH: Merrill-Prentice Hall.Pintrich, P. R. (2004). A Conceptual Framework for Assessing Motivation and Self-Regulated Learning in College Students. Educational Psychology Review, 16(4), 385-407. doi:10.1007/s10648-004-0006-x.Puntambekar, S., & Hubscher, R. (2005). Tools for scaffolding students in a complex learning environment: What have we gained and what have we missed? Educational Psychologist, 40(1), 1-12. doi: 10.1207/s15326985ep4001_1.Riding, R. & Cheema, I. (1991). Cognitive styles - an overview and integration. Educational Psychology, 11 (3), 193-215. doi: 10.1080/0144341910110301.Roschelle, J., & Teasley, S. (1995). The construction of shared knowledge in collaborative problem solving. In C. O'Malley (Ed.), Computer supported collaborative learning (pp. 69-197). Berlin: Springer.Sawa, H. (1966). Analytic thinking and synthetic thinking. Bulletin of Faculty of Education, Nagasaki University, 13, 1-16.Schunk, D. H. (1990). Goal setting and self-efficacy during self-regulated learning. Educational Psychologist 25 (1), 71-86.Schunk, D. H. (1991). Self-efficacy and academic motivation. Educational Psychologist, 26, 207-231.Schunk, D. H., & Zimmerman, B. J. (1994). Self-regulation of learning and performance. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.Schunk, D. H. (2003). Self-efficacy for reading and writing: Influence of modeling, goal-setting, and self-evaluation. Reading and Writing Quarterly, 19, 159- 172.Tinajero, C., Castelo, A., Guisande, A., & Páramo, F. (2011). Adaptive Teaching and Field Dependence-Independence: Instructional Implications. Revista Latinoamericana de Psicología, 43 (3), 497-510.Tinajero, C., Lemos, S. M., Araújo, M., Ferraces, M. J. & Páramo, M. F. (2012). Cognitive Style and Learning Strategies as Factors which Affect Academic Achievement of Brazilian University Students. Psicologia: Reflexão e Crítica, 25 (1), 105-113.Treasure, D. C., Monson, J., & Lox, C. L. (1996). Relationships between self-efficacy, wrestling performance, and affect prior to competition. Sport Psychologist, 10(1), 73-83.Tzeng, J. (2009). The impact of general and specific performance and self-efficacy on learning with computer-based concept mapping. Computers in Human Behavior 25 (4), 989-996. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2009.04.009.Van Bruggen, J., Kirschner, P. A., & Jochems, W. (2002). External representation of argumentation in CSCL and the management of cognitive load. Learning and Instruction, 12(1), 121-138. doi:10.1016/S0959-4752(01)00019-6.Van Drie, J., Van Boxtel, C. A. M., Jaspers, J., & Kanselaar, G. (2005). Effects of representational guidance on domain specific reasoning in CSCL. Computers in Human Behavior, 21(4), 575-602. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2004.10.024.VanLehn, K., Siler, S., Murray, C., Yamauchi, T., & Baggett, W. B. (2003). Why Do Only Some Events Cause Learning During Human Tutoring? Cognition and Instruction, 21(3), 209-249. doi:10.1207/S1532690XCI2103_01.Wan, S., & Lin, S.J. (2007). The effects of group composition of self-efficacy and collective efficacy on computer-supported collaborative learning. Computers in Human Behavior 23(5), 2256-2268 doi:10.1016/j.chb.2006.03.005.Westelinck, K., Valcke, M., De Craene, B., & Kirschner, P. A. (2005). Multimedia learning in social sciences: Limitations of external graphical representations. Computers in Human Behavior, 21(4), 555-573. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2004.10.030.Winne, P. H. (2001). Self-regulated learning viewed from models of information processing. In B. Zimmerman & D. Schunk (Eds.), Self-regulated learning and academic achievement: Theoretical perspectives (pp. 153-189). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.Witkin, H. A., & Goodenough, D. R. (1977). Field dependence and interpersonal behavior. Psychological Bulletin, 84(4), 661-689.Wood, D., Bruner, J.S., & Ross, G. (1976). The role of tutoring and problem solving. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 17(2),89-100. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1976.tb00381.x.Zimmerman, B. J. (1986). Becoming a self-regulated learner: Which are the key subprocesses? Contemporary Educational Psychology, 11(4), 307-313. doi: org/10.1016/0361-476X(86)90027-5.Zimmerman, B. J., & Schunk, D. H. (Eds.) (1989). Self-regulated learning and academic achievement: Theory, research, and practice. New York: Springer.Zimmerman, B. J. & Martínez-Pons M. (1990) Student differences in self-regulated learning: Relating grade, sex, and giftedness to self-efficacy and strategy use. Journal of Educational Psychology, 82, 51-59. doi:10.1037//0022-0663.82.1.51.Zimmerman, B. J., & Schunk, D. H. (Eds.) (2001). Self-regulated learning and academic achievement: Theoretical perspectives (2nd Ed.) Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.Derechos Reservados - Universidad Católica de Colombia, 2012info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessAtribución-NoComercial 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC 4.0)https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2AutoeficaciaAutoeficaciaLogro académicoLogro académicoEstilo cognitivoEstilo cognitivoAmbiente hipermediaAmbiente hipermediaAndamiaje autorreguladorAndamiaje autorreguladorAprendizaje en parejasAprendizaje en parejasSelf-efficacyAcademic achievementAcademic achievementCognitive styleCognitive styleHypermedia environmentHypermedia environmentSelf-regulatory structureSelf-regulatory structurePeer workPeer workAuto-eficáciaAuto-eficáciaSucesso acadêmicoSucesso acadêmicoEstrutura autorreguladoraEstrutura autorreguladoraAprendizagem em duplasAprendizagem em duplasAutoeficaciaRendimiento academicoEstilos cognoscitivosAprendizajeEnseñanza con ayuda de computadoresDiferencias individuales en el desarrollo de la autoeficacia y el logro académico: el efecto de un andamiaje computacionalIndividual differences in the development of self-efficacy and academic achievement: the effect of a computational structureDiferenças individuais no desenvolvimento da auto - eficácia e o sucesso acadêmico: o efeito de uma estrutura computacionalArtículo de revistahttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1Textinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/ARTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85PublicationORIGINALv15n2a04.pdfv15n2a04.pdfapplication/pdf479453https://repository.ucatolica.edu.co/bitstreams/02dfb7dd-d9f2-4483-aee7-86d79fab3a54/download3ff3222eb63b152232918a7b920ff6eaMD51LICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-816237https://repository.ucatolica.edu.co/bitstreams/cd9548b1-be5e-4162-a37d-536b12541164/downloade2dd342f2c351b678ff0101de2d0e3d8MD52TEXTv15n2a04.pdf.txtv15n2a04.pdf.txtExtracted texttext/plain59359https://repository.ucatolica.edu.co/bitstreams/2e398e67-644d-40bd-955a-5484e1e64075/download6047422852d1926522aed58ff0199620MD55THUMBNAILv15n2a04.pdf.jpgv15n2a04.pdf.jpgRIUCACimage/jpeg4637https://repository.ucatolica.edu.co/bitstreams/4697acc0-e96d-481f-aff5-6212307a4ffd/download61867e6eeace2ab2509e31f92273ee6aMD5610983/962oai:repository.ucatolica.edu.co:10983/9622024-05-16 15:29:22.979https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/Derechos Reservados - Universidad Católica de Colombia, 2012https://repository.ucatolica.edu.coRepositorio Institucional Universidad Católica de Colombia - RIUCaCbdigital@metabiblioteca.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