Aplicaciones Biotecnológicas De Subproductos Del Aguacate Generados En Los Mercados De La Región Cafetera De Colombia
El aguacate es una baya que proviene de un solo ovario y posee una única semilla en su interior, esta contiene altos componentes bioactivos y beneficios para la salud humana, con un amplio campo de uso dentro de las diferentes industrias. Según reportes publicados por la Organización de Alimentos y...
- Autores:
-
Parra Lopez, Michael
- Tipo de recurso:
- Fecha de publicación:
- 2023
- Institución:
- Universidad Libre
- Repositorio:
- RIU - Repositorio Institucional UniLibre
- Idioma:
- OAI Identifier:
- oai:repository.unilibre.edu.co:10901/30426
- Acceso en línea:
- https://hdl.handle.net/10901/30426
- Palabra clave:
- Biotecnología
Innovación
Piel de aguacate
Semilla de aguacate
Biotechnology
Innovation
Avocado skin
Avocado seed
- Rights
- openAccess
- License
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.5/co/
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Aplicaciones Biotecnológicas De Subproductos Del Aguacate Generados En Los Mercados De La Región Cafetera De Colombia |
| dc.title.alternative.spa.fl_str_mv |
Biotechnological Applications of Avocado Byproducts Generated in the Markets of the Coffee Region of Colombia |
| title |
Aplicaciones Biotecnológicas De Subproductos Del Aguacate Generados En Los Mercados De La Región Cafetera De Colombia |
| spellingShingle |
Aplicaciones Biotecnológicas De Subproductos Del Aguacate Generados En Los Mercados De La Región Cafetera De Colombia Biotecnología Innovación Piel de aguacate Semilla de aguacate Biotechnology Innovation Avocado skin Avocado seed |
| title_short |
Aplicaciones Biotecnológicas De Subproductos Del Aguacate Generados En Los Mercados De La Región Cafetera De Colombia |
| title_full |
Aplicaciones Biotecnológicas De Subproductos Del Aguacate Generados En Los Mercados De La Región Cafetera De Colombia |
| title_fullStr |
Aplicaciones Biotecnológicas De Subproductos Del Aguacate Generados En Los Mercados De La Región Cafetera De Colombia |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Aplicaciones Biotecnológicas De Subproductos Del Aguacate Generados En Los Mercados De La Región Cafetera De Colombia |
| title_sort |
Aplicaciones Biotecnológicas De Subproductos Del Aguacate Generados En Los Mercados De La Región Cafetera De Colombia |
| dc.creator.fl_str_mv |
Parra Lopez, Michael |
| dc.contributor.advisor.none.fl_str_mv |
Londoño Giraldo, Lina Maria Bueno López, Liliana |
| dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv |
Parra Lopez, Michael |
| dc.subject.spa.fl_str_mv |
Biotecnología Innovación Piel de aguacate Semilla de aguacate |
| topic |
Biotecnología Innovación Piel de aguacate Semilla de aguacate Biotechnology Innovation Avocado skin Avocado seed |
| dc.subject.subjectenglish.spa.fl_str_mv |
Biotechnology Innovation Avocado skin Avocado seed |
| description |
El aguacate es una baya que proviene de un solo ovario y posee una única semilla en su interior, esta contiene altos componentes bioactivos y beneficios para la salud humana, con un amplio campo de uso dentro de las diferentes industrias. Según reportes publicados por la Organización de Alimentos y Agricultura (FAO, por sus siglas en inglés) en 2020 la producción de aguacate se ha incrementado el doble, generando así gran cantidad de residuos orgánicos como la semilla y la piel del aguacate, los cuales influyen en problemáticas dentro de la contaminación ambiental. Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica acerca de las propiedades y aplicaciones biotecnológicas de la piel y semilla del aguacate en diferentes bases de datos entre 2013-2024 y se construyó un análisis bibliométrico. Se analizó la comercialización en la zona cafetera en el Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadística (DANE). Dentro de las aplicaciones biotecnológicas encontradas, podemos mencionar que, debido a los múltiples componentes y compuestos bioactivos tanto de la semilla como de la piel del aguacate, estos tienen aplicaciones dentro de diferentes campos, como alimentarios y farmacéuticos funcionando como antioxidantes, antimicrobianos, analgésicos, antiinflamatorios, conservante alimentario, anticancerígenos, entre otros. |
| publishDate |
2023 |
| dc.date.created.none.fl_str_mv |
2023-12-04 |
| dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv |
2025-01-17T19:07:09Z |
| dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv |
2025-01-17T19:07:09Z |
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http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_7a1f |
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Tesis de Pregrado |
| dc.type.driver.spa.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesis |
| dc.identifier.uri.none.fl_str_mv |
https://hdl.handle.net/10901/30426 |
| url |
https://hdl.handle.net/10901/30426 |
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Abubakar, a. N. F., achmadi, s. S., & suparto, i. H. (2017). Triterpenoid of avocado ( persea americana ) seed and its cytotoxic activity toward breast mcf-7 and liver hepg2 cancer cells. Asian pacific journal of tropical biomedicine, 7(5), 397–400. Https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apjtb.2017.01.010 Acquavia, m. A., benítez, j. J., bianco, g., crescenzi, m. A., hierrezuelo, j., grifé-ruiz, m., romero, d., guzmán-puyol, s., & heredia-guerrero, j. A. (2023). Incorporation of bioactive compounds from avocado by-products to ethyl cellulose-reinforced paper for food packaging applications. Food chemistry, 429, 136906. Https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.136906 Alkhalaf, m. I., alansari, w. S., ibrahim, e. A., & elhalwagy, m. E. A. (2019). Anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer activities of avocado (persea americana) fruit and seed extract. Journal of king saud university - science, 31(4), 1358–1362. Https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jksus.2018.10.010 Amado, d. A. V., detoni, a. M., de carvalho, s. L. C., torquato, a. S., martin, c. A., tiuman, t. S., aguiar, c. M., & cottica, s. M. (2019). Tocopherol and fatty acids content and proximal composition of four avocado cultivars ( persea americana mill). Acta alimentaria, 48(1), 47–55. Https://doi.org/10.1556/066.2019.48.1.6 Araújo, r. G., rodriguez-jasso, r. M., ruiz, h. A., pintado, m. M. E., & aguilar, c. N. (2018). Avocado by-products: nutritional and functional properties. Trends in food science & technology, 80, 51–60. Https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2018.07.027 Bahru, t. B., tadele, z. H., & ajebe, e. G. (2019). A review on avocado seed: functionality, composition, antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. Chemical science international journal, 1–10. Https://doi.org/10.9734/csji/2019/v27i230112 Bangar, s. P., dunno, k., dhull, s. B., kumar siroha, a., changan, s., maqsood, s., & rusu, a. V. (2022). Avocado seed discoveries: chemical composition, biological properties, and industrial food applications. Food chemistry: x, 16, 100507. Https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fochx.2022.100507 Borja espín, d., & goetschel gómez, m. L. (2022). Subproductos del aguacate (persea americana) hass y fuerte: estudio fitoquímico y proximal. In productos naturales: investigación y perspectivas en ecuador (pp. 29–50). Editorial abya-yala. Https://doi.org/10.7476/9789978108260.0003 Calderón-oliver, m., & lópez-hernández, l. H. (2022). Food vegetable and fruit waste used in meat products. Food reviews international, 38(4), 628–654. Https://doi.org/10.1080/87559129.2020.1740732 Carr, m. K. V. (2013). The water relations and irrigation requirements of avocado persea americana mill.a review. Experimental agriculture, 49(2), 256–278. Https://doi.org/10.1017/s0014479712001317 Colombo, r., & papetti, a. (2019). Avocado (persea americana mill.) By‐products and their impact: from bioactive compounds to biomass energy and sorbent material for removing contaminants. A review. International journal of food science & technology, 54(4), 943–951. Https://doi.org/10.1111/ijfs.14143 Dabas, d., elias, r. J., ziegler, g. R., & lambert, j. D. (2019). In vitro antioxidant and cancer inhibitory activity of a colored avocado seed extract. International journal of food science, 2019, 1–7. Https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/6509421 Dabas, d., shegog, r., ziegler, g., & lambert, j. (2013). Avocado (persea americana) seed as a source of bioactive phytochemicals. Current pharmaceutical design, 19(34), 6133–6140. Https://doi.org/10.2174/1381612811319340007 Dane. (2023, october). Departamento administrativo nacional de estadística. Del-castillo-llamosas, a., eibes, g., ferreira-santos, p., pérez-pérez, a., del-río, p. G., & gullón, b. (2023). Microwave-assisted autohydrolysis of avocado seed for the recovery of antioxidant phenolics and glucose. Bioresource technology, 385, 129432. Https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129432 Falodun, a., imieje, v., erharuyi, o., ahomafor, j., jacob, m., khan, s., & hamann, m. (2014). Evaluation of three medicinal plant extracts against plasmodium falciparum and selected microganisms. African journal of traditional, complementary and alternative medicines, 11(4), 142. Https://doi.org/10.4314/ajtcam.v11i4.22 Fao. (2020). Food and agriculture organization of the United Nations. Fao. Figueroa, j. G., borrás-linares, i., del pino-garcía, r., curiel, j. A., lozano-sánchez, j., & segura-carretero, a. (2021). Functional ingredient from avocado peel: microwave-assisted extraction, characterization and potential applications for the food industry. Food chemistry, 352, 129300. Https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129300 Figueroa, j. G., borrás-linares, i., lozano-sánchez, j., quirantes-piné, r., & segura-carretero, a. (2018). Optimization of drying process and pressurized liquid extraction for recovery of bioactive compounds from avocado peel by-product. Electrophoresis, 39(15), 1908–1916. Https://doi.org/10.1002/elps.201700379 Flores, m., ortiz-viedma, j., curaqueo, a., rodriguez, a., dovale-rosabal, g., magaña, f., vega, c., toro, m., lópez, l., ferreyra, r., & defilippi, b. G. (2019). Preliminary studies of chemical and physical properties of two varieties of avocado seeds grown in chile. Journal of food quality, 2019, 1–11. Https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/3563750 Galindo tovar, m., & arzate fernández, a. (2010). Consideraciones sobre el origen y primera dispersión del aguacate (persea americana, lauraceae). Cuadernos de biodiversidad. Galindo tovar, m. E., lee espinosa, h., murguía gonzález, j., leyva ovalle, o. R., & landero torres, i. (2013). Domesticación y distribución geográfica de persea americana mill. En la época precolombina. Redalyc, 65–70. Http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=75749283006 Hu, j., song, y., li, h., yang, b., mao, x., zhao, y., & shi, x. (2014). Cytotoxic and anti–inflammatory tirucallane triterpenoids from dysoxylum binectariferum. Fitoterapia, 99, 86–91. Https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fitote.2014.09.010 Hurtado-fernández, e., fernández-gutiérrez, a., & carrasco-pancorbo, a. (2018). Avocado fruit— persea americana. In exotic fruits (pp. 37–48). Elsevier. Https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-803138-4.00001-0 Jiménez-arellanes, a., luna-herrera, j., ruiz-nicolás, r., cornejo-garrido, j., tapia, a., & yépez-mulia, l. (2013). Antiprotozoal and antimycobacterial activities of persea americana seeds. Bmc complementary and alternative medicine, 13(1), 109. Https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6882-13-109 Kamaraj, m., dhana rangesh kumar, v., nithya, t. G., & danya, u. (2020). Assessment of antioxidant, antibacterial activity and phytoactive compounds of aqueous extracts of avocado fruit peel from ethiopia. International journal of peptide research and therapeutics, 26(3), 1549–1557. Https://doi.org/10.1007/s10989-019-09965-6 Millar, c. (1996). Tertiary vegetation history. Institute of forest genetics, 2, 71–122. Ministerio de agricultura. (2020). Cadena productiva aguacate. Nyakang’i, c. O., ebere, r., marete, e., & arimi, j. M. (2023). Avocado production in kenya in relation to the world, avocado by-products (seeds and peels) functionality and utilization in food products. Applied food research, 3(1), 100275. Https://doi.org/10.1016/j.afres.2023.100275 Pacheco, a., rodríguez-sánchez, d. G., villarreal-lara, r., navarro-silva, j. M., senés-guerrero, c., & hernández-brenes, c. (2017). Stability of the antimicrobial activity of acetogenins from avocado seed, under common food processing conditions, against clostridium sporogenes vegetative cell growth and endospore germination. International journal of food science & technology, 52(11), 2311–2323. Https://doi.org/10.1111/ijfs.13513 Palma, c., lloret, l., puen, a., tobar, m., & contreras, e. (2016). Production of carbonaceous material from avocado peel for its application as alternative adsorbent for dyes removal. Chinese journal of chemical engineering, 24(4), 521–528. Https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cjche.2015.11.029 Priego, b., garcía villanueva, ; e, & avitia garcía, ; e. (1996). Anatomía del fruto de aguacate, ¿drupa o baya? In revista chapingo serie horticultura (vol. 2, issue 2). Ramos-aguilar, a. L., ornelas-paz, j., tapia-vargas, l. M., gardea-béjar, a. A., yahia, e. M., ornelas-paz, j. De j., ruiz-cruz, s., rios-velasco, c., & escalante-minakata, p. (2021). Effect of cultivar on the content of selected phytochemicals in avocado peels. Food research international, 140, 110024. Https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2020.110024 Rodríguez-martínez, b., romaní, a., eibes, g., garrote, g., gullón, b., & del río, p. G. (2022). Potential and prospects for utilization of avocado by-products in integrated biorefineries. Bioresource technology, 364, 128034. Https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2022.128034 Rotta, e. M., morais, d. R. De, biondo, p. B. F., santos, v. J. Dos, matsushita, m., & visentainer, j. V. (2015). Use of avocado peel (persea americana) in tea formulation: a functional product containing phenolic compounds with antioxidant activity. Acta scientiarum. Technology, 38(1), 23. Https://doi.org/10.4025/actascitechnol.v38i1.27397 Scimago. (2023). Scimago journal & country rank. Https://www.scimagojr.com Secretaría mayor de bogotá. (2014). Guía técnica para el aprovechamiento de residuos orgánicos a través de metodologías de compostaje y lombricultura. Segovia, f., hidalgo, g., villasante, j., ramis, x., & almajano, m. (2018). Avocado seed: a comparative study of antioxidant content and capacity in protecting oil models from oxidation. Molecules, 23(10), 2421. Https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules23102421 Segovia, f. J., corral-pérez, j. J., & almajano, m. P. (2016). Avocado seed: modeling extraction of bioactive compounds. Industrial crops and products, 85, 213–220. Https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2016.03.005 Shi, d., xu, w., wong, m., & popovich, d. G. (2023). Rapid identification of main antibacterial components from new zealand ‘hass’ avocado peel hexane extract. Current plant biology, 35–36, 100288. Https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpb.2023.100288 Siol, m., & sadowska, a. (2023). Chemical composition, physicochemical and bioactive properties of avocado (persea americana) seed and its potential use in functional food design. Agriculture, 13(2), 316. Https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture13020316 Soledad, c.-p. T., paola, h.-c., carlos enrique, o.-v., israel, r.-l. I., guadalupevirginia, n.-m., & raúl, á.-s. (2021). Avocado seeds (persea americana cv. Criollo sp.): lipophilic compounds profile and biological activities. Saudi journal of biological sciences, 28(6), 3384–3390. Https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.02.087 Statista. (2021). Global avocado production in 2021, by country. Statista. Tremocoldi, m. A., rosalen, p. L., franchin, m., massarioli, a. P., denny, c., daiuto, é. R., paschoal, j. A. R., melo, p. S., & alencar, s. M. De. (2018). Exploration of avocado by-products as natural sources of bioactive compounds. Plos one, 13(2), e0192577. Https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0192577 Uchenna, u. E., shori, a. B., & baba, a. S. (2017). Inclusion of avocado ( persea americana ) seeds in the diet to improve carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in rats. Revista argentina de endocrinología y metabolismo, 54(3), 140–148. Https://doi.org/10.1016/j.raem.2017.07.005 Villarreal-lara, r., rodríguez-sánchez, d. G., díaz de la garza, r. I., garcía-cruz, m. I., castillo, a., pacheco, a., & hernández-brenes, c. (2019). Purified avocado seed acetogenins: antimicrobial spectrum and complete inhibition of listeria monocytogenes in a refrigerated food matrix. Cyta - journal of food, 17(1), 228–239. Https://doi.org/10.1080/19476337.2019.1575908 Vinha, a. F., moreira, j., & barreira, s. V. P. (2013). Physicochemical parameters, phytochemical composition and antioxidant activity of the algarvian avocado (persea americana mill.). Journal of agricultural science, 5(12). Https://doi.org/10.5539/jas.v5n12p100 Wang, w., bostic, t. R., & gu, l. (2010). Antioxidant capacities, procyanidins and pigments in avocados of different strains and cultivars. Food chemistry, 122(4), 1193–1198. Https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2010.03.114 Widiyastuti, y., pratiwi, r., riyanto, s., & wahyuono, s. (2018). Cytotoxic activity and apoptosis induction of avocado persea americana mill. Seed extract on mcf-7 cancer cell line. Indonesian journal of biotechnology, 23(2), 61. Https://doi.org/10.22146/ijbiotech.32141 |
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Londoño Giraldo, Lina MariaBueno López, LilianaParra Lopez, MichaelPereira2025-01-17T19:07:09Z2025-01-17T19:07:09Z2023-12-04https://hdl.handle.net/10901/30426El aguacate es una baya que proviene de un solo ovario y posee una única semilla en su interior, esta contiene altos componentes bioactivos y beneficios para la salud humana, con un amplio campo de uso dentro de las diferentes industrias. Según reportes publicados por la Organización de Alimentos y Agricultura (FAO, por sus siglas en inglés) en 2020 la producción de aguacate se ha incrementado el doble, generando así gran cantidad de residuos orgánicos como la semilla y la piel del aguacate, los cuales influyen en problemáticas dentro de la contaminación ambiental. Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica acerca de las propiedades y aplicaciones biotecnológicas de la piel y semilla del aguacate en diferentes bases de datos entre 2013-2024 y se construyó un análisis bibliométrico. Se analizó la comercialización en la zona cafetera en el Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadística (DANE). Dentro de las aplicaciones biotecnológicas encontradas, podemos mencionar que, debido a los múltiples componentes y compuestos bioactivos tanto de la semilla como de la piel del aguacate, estos tienen aplicaciones dentro de diferentes campos, como alimentarios y farmacéuticos funcionando como antioxidantes, antimicrobianos, analgésicos, antiinflamatorios, conservante alimentario, anticancerígenos, entre otros.Universidad Libre Seccional Pereira -- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Exactas y Naturales -- MicrobiologíaThe avocado is a berry that comes from a single ovary and has a single seed inside. It contains high bioactive components and benefits for human health, with a wide field of use within different industries. According to reports published by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), in 2020 avocado production has increased twice as much, thus generating a large amount of organic waste such as the seed and skin of the avocado, which influence in problems within environmental pollution. A bibliographic review was carried out about the properties and biotechnological applications of avocado skin and seed in different databases between 2013-2024 and a bibliometric analysis was constructed. Marketing in the coffee zone was analyzed in the National Administrative Department of Statistics (DANE). Within the biotechnological applications found, we can mention that, due to the multiple components and bioactive compounds of both the seed and the skin of the avocado, these have applications within different fields, such as food and pharmaceutical, functioning as antioxidants, antimicrobials, analgesics, anti-inflammatories, food preservatives, anti-cancer, among others.PDFhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.5/co/Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 2.5 Colombiainfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2BiotecnologíaInnovaciónPiel de aguacateSemilla de aguacateBiotechnologyInnovationAvocado skinAvocado seedAplicaciones Biotecnológicas De Subproductos Del Aguacate Generados En Los Mercados De La Región Cafetera De ColombiaBiotechnological Applications of Avocado Byproducts Generated in the Markets of the Coffee Region of ColombiaTesis de Pregradoinfo:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesishttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_7a1fAbubakar, a. N. 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Https://doi.org/10.22146/ijbiotech.32141THUMBNAILAPLICACIONES BIOTECNOLÓGICAS DE SUBPRODUCTOS DEL AGUACATE GENERADOS EN LOS MERCADOS DE LA REGIÓN CAFETERA DE COLOMBIA.pdf.jpgAPLICACIONES BIOTECNOLÓGICAS DE SUBPRODUCTOS DEL AGUACATE GENERADOS EN LOS MERCADOS DE LA REGIÓN CAFETERA DE COLOMBIA.pdf.jpgIM Thumbnailimage/jpeg14650http://repository.unilibre.edu.co/bitstream/10901/30426/5/APLICACIONES%20BIOTECNOL%c3%93GICAS%20DE%20SUBPRODUCTOS%20DEL%20AGUACATE%20GENERADOS%20EN%20LOS%20MERCADOS%20DE%20LA%20REGI%c3%93N%20CAFETERA%20DE%20COLOMBIA.pdf.jpgff3e6ff356804f35adf07e3165203ad8MD55formato autorizacion repositorio.pdf.jpgformato autorizacion repositorio.pdf.jpgIM Thumbnailimage/jpeg28674http://repository.unilibre.edu.co/bitstream/10901/30426/6/formato%20autorizacion%20repositorio.pdf.jpg8d6e879be3d189b33e2a6909a8ed8f0aMD56LICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-81748http://repository.unilibre.edu.co/bitstream/10901/30426/4/license.txt8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33MD54ORIGINALAPLICACIONES BIOTECNOLÓGICAS DE SUBPRODUCTOS DEL AGUACATE GENERADOS EN LOS MERCADOS DE LA REGIÓN CAFETERA DE COLOMBIA.pdfAPLICACIONES BIOTECNOLÓGICAS DE SUBPRODUCTOS DEL AGUACATE GENERADOS EN LOS MERCADOS DE LA REGIÓN CAFETERA DE COLOMBIA.pdfArticulo principalapplication/pdf1267472http://repository.unilibre.edu.co/bitstream/10901/30426/1/APLICACIONES%20BIOTECNOL%c3%93GICAS%20DE%20SUBPRODUCTOS%20DEL%20AGUACATE%20GENERADOS%20EN%20LOS%20MERCADOS%20DE%20LA%20REGI%c3%93N%20CAFETERA%20DE%20COLOMBIA.pdf51f029c86b580f07e44b1eb661f8578fMD51formato autorizacion repositorio.pdfformato autorizacion repositorio.pdfapplication/pdf289747http://repository.unilibre.edu.co/bitstream/10901/30426/3/formato%20autorizacion%20repositorio.pdff726afcec9aec944e1d7baa0bc9074efMD5310901/30426oai:repository.unilibre.edu.co:10901/304262025-01-18 06:01:14.14Repositorio Institucional Unilibrerepositorio@unilibrebog.edu.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 |