Modeling of Clavulanic Acid Production from Streptomyces clavuligerus using a Continuous Operation Mode

Clavulanic acid is a β-lactam inhibitor produced by fermentation with Streptomyces clavuligerus cells, and it is usually used to prevent resistance to certain antibiotics. However, CA production is limited at the bioreactor level due to its low performance. The latter generates expensive processes a...

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Autores:
Ariza, L
Rubio, J
Moreno, V
Niño, L. Elisa
Gelves Gelves, Elizabeth
Tipo de recurso:
Article of journal
Fecha de publicación:
2021
Institución:
Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander
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Repositorio Digital UFPS
Idioma:
eng
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oai:repositorio.ufps.edu.co:ufps/6566
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dc.title.eng.fl_str_mv Modeling of Clavulanic Acid Production from Streptomyces clavuligerus using a Continuous Operation Mode
title Modeling of Clavulanic Acid Production from Streptomyces clavuligerus using a Continuous Operation Mode
spellingShingle Modeling of Clavulanic Acid Production from Streptomyces clavuligerus using a Continuous Operation Mode
title_short Modeling of Clavulanic Acid Production from Streptomyces clavuligerus using a Continuous Operation Mode
title_full Modeling of Clavulanic Acid Production from Streptomyces clavuligerus using a Continuous Operation Mode
title_fullStr Modeling of Clavulanic Acid Production from Streptomyces clavuligerus using a Continuous Operation Mode
title_full_unstemmed Modeling of Clavulanic Acid Production from Streptomyces clavuligerus using a Continuous Operation Mode
title_sort Modeling of Clavulanic Acid Production from Streptomyces clavuligerus using a Continuous Operation Mode
dc.creator.fl_str_mv Ariza, L
Rubio, J
Moreno, V
Niño, L. Elisa
Gelves Gelves, Elizabeth
dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv Ariza, L
Rubio, J
Moreno, V
Niño, L. Elisa
Gelves Gelves, Elizabeth
dc.contributor.corporatename.spa.fl_str_mv Journal of Physics: Conference Series
description Clavulanic acid is a β-lactam inhibitor produced by fermentation with Streptomyces clavuligerus cells, and it is usually used to prevent resistance to certain antibiotics. However, CA production is limited at the bioreactor level due to its low performance. The latter generates expensive processes and challenging to operate on a large scale. In this research, a mathematical model is proposed to simulate the clavulanic acid production from an operation strategy based on continuous mode. The preceding, to identify trends allowing to improve the productivity of the mentioned metabolite. Results are compared to the traditional operating batch mode. According to the results found, the final concentration of the β-lactam inhibitor could be increased by up to 60% regarding the simulated data in batch mode. Results obtained demonstrate the importance of computational techniques in bioprocess engineering since bioprocess simulation focuses on identifying critical operating parameters as a starting point in antibiotic production optimization.
publishDate 2021
dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv 2021-09-12
dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv 2022-11-21T19:54:11Z
dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv 2022-11-21T19:54:11Z
dc.type.spa.fl_str_mv Artículo de revista
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dc.identifier.uri.none.fl_str_mv https://repositorio.ufps.edu.co/handle/ufps/6566
dc.identifier.doi.none.fl_str_mv 10.1088/1742-6596/2049/1/012073
url https://repositorio.ufps.edu.co/handle/ufps/6566
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dc.language.iso.spa.fl_str_mv eng
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dc.relation.ispartof.none.fl_str_mv Journal of Physics: Conference Series. Vol. 2049 No.012073(2021)
dc.relation.citationedition.spa.fl_str_mv Vol. 2049 N0.012073 (2021)
dc.relation.citationendpage.spa.fl_str_mv 10
dc.relation.citationissue.spa.fl_str_mv 012073 (2021)
dc.relation.citationstartpage.spa.fl_str_mv 1
dc.relation.citationvolume.spa.fl_str_mv 2049
dc.relation.cites.none.fl_str_mv L Ariza et al 2021 J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. 2049 012073
dc.relation.ispartofjournal.spa.fl_str_mv Journal of Physics: Conference Series
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dc.format.extent.spa.fl_str_mv 11 Páginas
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dc.publisher.place.spa.fl_str_mv Reino Unido
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institution Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander
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spelling Ariza, L2c2f05a666f6496292a90a4031fed17aRubio, Jbc616c5111217c244022a1b635b44472Moreno, V7478cacbed62278685e2c874edf071b4Niño, L. Elisa8aa3781fd116e9c3f6b7d1aeeccf2807600Gelves Gelves, Elizabeth48702452e3333c2d4cea3b4de2e5bb5f600Journal of Physics: Conference Series2022-11-21T19:54:11Z2022-11-21T19:54:11Z2021-09-12https://repositorio.ufps.edu.co/handle/ufps/656610.1088/1742-6596/2049/1/012073Clavulanic acid is a β-lactam inhibitor produced by fermentation with Streptomyces clavuligerus cells, and it is usually used to prevent resistance to certain antibiotics. However, CA production is limited at the bioreactor level due to its low performance. The latter generates expensive processes and challenging to operate on a large scale. In this research, a mathematical model is proposed to simulate the clavulanic acid production from an operation strategy based on continuous mode. The preceding, to identify trends allowing to improve the productivity of the mentioned metabolite. Results are compared to the traditional operating batch mode. According to the results found, the final concentration of the β-lactam inhibitor could be increased by up to 60% regarding the simulated data in batch mode. Results obtained demonstrate the importance of computational techniques in bioprocess engineering since bioprocess simulation focuses on identifying critical operating parameters as a starting point in antibiotic production optimization.11 Páginasapplication/pdfengJournal of Physics: Conference Series. Vol. 2049 No.012073(2021)Vol. 2049 N0.012073 (2021)10012073 (2021)12049L Ariza et al 2021 J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. 2049 012073Journal of Physics: Conference SeriesContent from this work may be used under the terms of theCreative Commons Attribution 3.0 licence. Any further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and DOI. Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltdhttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessAtribución 4.0 Internacional (CC BY 4.0)http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1742-6596/2049/1/012073Modeling of Clavulanic Acid Production from Streptomyces clavuligerus using a Continuous Operation ModeArtículo de revistahttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1Textinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttps://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/ECinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85Reino UnidoMarques A, Santos V, Oliveira P, Lima G, Araújo J, Lima J, Converti A, Pessoa A and Porto A 2014 Screening of wild type Streptomyces isolates able to overproduce clavulanic acid Brazilian Journal of Microbiology 45(3) 919Drawz S Bonomo R 2010 Three decades of B-lactamase inhibitors, Clinical Microbiology Reviews 23(1) 160Bonomo J and Gill R 200 Antibiotic resistance as a model for strain engineering Computers and Chemical Engineering 29(3) 509Holten B and Onusko E 2000 Appropriate prescribing of oral beta-lactam antibiotics Am Fam Physician 62(3) 611Lima E, Procópico I, Reis da Silva M, Kassawara J and Araújo J 2012 Antibiotics produced by Streptomyces Brazilian Journal of Infectious Diseases 16(5) 466Li R and Townsend C 2006 Rational strain improvement for enhanced clavulanic acid production by genetic engineering of the glycolytic pathway in Streptomyces clavuligerus Metabolic engineering 8(3) 240Pinilla L, Toro F, Avignone A, Peñuela M and Ríos-Estepa R 2018 Streptomyces clavuligerus strain selection for clavulanic acid biosynthesis: a study based on culture composition effects and statistical analysis Dyna 85(205) 111Liras R, Gomez J, Escribano E and Santamarta I 2008 Regulatory mechanisms controlling antibiotic production in Streptomyces clavuligerus Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology 35(7) 667Hernandez S, Niño L, Gelves L 2020 Simulating of Microbial Growth Scale-Up in a Stirred Tank Bioreactor for Aerobic Processes using Computational Fluid Dynamics Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1655 012109Neto A, Hirata D, Cassiano L Bellao C, Badino A and Hokka C 2005 A study on clavulanic acid production by Streptomyces clavuligerus in batch, fed-batch and continuous processes Brazilian Journal of Chemical Engineering 22(4) 557Brethaur S, Held M and Panke S 2008 High concentrations of clavulanic acid but not of its degradation products decrease glycerol consumption and oxygen uptake rates in cultures of Streptomyces clavuligerus Biotechnology and Bioengineering 100(3) 439Sánchez C, Gómez N and Quintero J Producción de ácido clavulánico por fermentación de Streptomyces clavuligerus: evaluación de diferentes medios de cultivo y modelado matemático Dyna 79(175) 158Pacheco S, Niño L and Gelves G 2020 Recombinant Anti-Thrombin Production from Saccharomyces Cerevisiae: Large Scale Trends Based on Computational Predictions Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1655 012081Caicedo Y, Suarez C and Gelves G 2020 Evaluation of preliminary plant design for Chlorella vulgaris microalgae production focused on cosmetics purposes Journal of Physics: Conference. Series 1655 012086Ibañez A, Rolon Y and Gelves G 2020 Evaluating Cost-Effective Culture Media for Nutraceutics Production from Microalgae Using Computer-Aided Large Scale Predictions Journal of Physics: Conference. Series 1655 012082Nieto L, Rivera C and Gelves G 202 Economic Assessment of Itaconic Acid Production from Aspergillus Terreus using Superpro Designer Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1655 012100Bello A, Morales K, Sánchez L, Lidueñez V, Leal A and Gelves G 2020 Computational Implementation of Required Industrial Unit Operations for Bio-Plastic Production From Starch Extracted from Banana Peels by Aerobic Fermentation using Rizophus Oryzae Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1655 012078Araque J, Niño L and Gelves G 2020 Industrial Scale Bioprocess Simulation for Ganoderma Lucidum Production using Superpro Designer Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1655 012077Neto A, Conceicao J, Macedo L, Colli A and Osamu C 2005 Comparisons between continuous and batch processing to produce clavulanic acid by Streptomyces clavuligerus Brazilian archives of biology and technology 48 97ORIGINALModeling of Clavulanic Acid Production from Streptomyces clavuligerus using a Continuous Operation 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 incorporada en las Obras Colectivas.

b.	Distribuir copias o fonogramas de las Obras, exhibirlas públicamente, ejecutarlas públicamente y/o ponerlas a disposición pública, incluyéndolas como incorporadas en Obras Colectivas, según corresponda.

c.	Distribuir copias de las Obras Derivadas que se generen, exhibirlas públicamente, ejecutarlas públicamente y/o ponerlas a disposición pública.
Los derechos mencionados anteriormente pueden ser ejercidos en todos los medios y formatos, actualmente conocidos o que se inventen en el futuro. Los derechos antes mencionados incluyen el derecho a realizar dichas modificaciones en la medida que sean técnicamente necesarias para ejercer los derechos en otro medio o formatos, pero de otra manera usted no está autorizado para realizar obras derivadas. Todos los derechos no otorgados expresamente por el Licenciante quedan por este medio reservados, incluyendo pero sin limitarse a aquellos que se mencionan en las secciones 4(d) y 4(e).

4. Restricciones.
La licencia otorgada en la anterior Sección 3 está expresamente sujeta y limitada por las siguientes restricciones:

a.	Usted puede distribuir, exhibir públicamente, ejecutar públicamente, o poner a disposición pública la Obra sólo bajo las condiciones de esta Licencia, y Usted debe incluir una copia de esta licencia o del Identificador Universal de Recursos de la misma con cada copia de la Obra que distribuya, exhiba públicamente, ejecute públicamente o ponga a disposición pública. No es posible ofrecer o imponer ninguna condición sobre la Obra que altere o limite las condiciones de esta Licencia o el ejercicio de los derechos de los destinatarios otorgados en este documento. No es posible sublicenciar la Obra. Usted debe mantener intactos todos los avisos que hagan referencia a esta Licencia y a la cláusula de limitación de garantías. Usted no puede distribuir, exhibir públicamente, ejecutar públicamente, o poner a disposición pública la Obra con alguna medida tecnológica que controle el acceso o la utilización de ella de una forma que sea inconsistente con las condiciones de esta Licencia. Lo anterior se aplica a la Obra incorporada a una Obra Colectiva, pero esto no exige que la Obra Colectiva aparte de la obra misma quede sujeta a las condiciones de esta Licencia. Si Usted crea una Obra Colectiva, previo aviso de cualquier Licenciante debe, en la medida de lo posible, eliminar de la Obra Colectiva cualquier referencia a dicho Licenciante o al Autor Original, según lo solicitado por el Licenciante y conforme lo exige la cláusula 4(c).

b.	Usted no puede ejercer ninguno de los derechos que le han sido otorgados en la Sección 3 precedente de modo que estén principalmente destinados o directamente dirigidos a conseguir un provecho comercial o una compensación monetaria privada. El intercambio de la Obra por otras obras protegidas por derechos de autor, ya sea a través de un sistema para compartir archivos digitales (digital file-sharing) o de cualquier otra manera no será considerado como estar destinado principalmente o dirigido directamente a conseguir un provecho comercial o una compensación monetaria privada, siempre que no se realice un pago mediante una compensación monetaria en relación con el intercambio de obras protegidas por el derecho de autor.

c.	Si usted distribuye, exhibe públicamente, ejecuta públicamente o ejecuta públicamente en forma digital la Obra o cualquier Obra Derivada u Obra Colectiva, Usted debe mantener intacta toda la información de derecho de autor de la Obra y proporcionar, de forma razonable según el medio o manera que Usted esté utilizando: (i) el nombre del Autor Original si está provisto (o seudónimo, si fuere aplicable), y/o (ii) el nombre de la parte o las partes que el Autor Original y/o el Licenciante hubieren designado para la atribución (v.g., un instituto patrocinador, editorial, publicación) en la información de los derechos de autor del Licenciante, términos de servicios o de otras formas razonables; el título de la Obra si está provisto; en la medida de lo razonablemente factible y, si está provisto, el Identificador Uniforme de Recursos (Uniform Resource Identifier) que el Licenciante especifica para ser asociado con la Obra, salvo que tal URI no se refiera a la nota sobre los derechos de autor o a la información sobre el licenciamiento de la Obra; y en el caso de una Obra Derivada, atribuir el crédito identificando el uso de la Obra en la Obra Derivada (v.g., "Traducción Francesa de la Obra del Autor Original," o "Guión Cinematográfico basado en la Obra original del Autor Original"). Tal crédito puede ser implementado de cualquier forma razonable; en el caso, sin embargo, de Obras Derivadas u Obras Colectivas, tal crédito aparecerá, como mínimo, donde aparece el crédito de cualquier otro autor comparable y de una manera, al menos, tan destacada como el crédito de otro autor comparable.

d.	Para evitar toda confusión, el Licenciante aclara que, cuando la obra es una composición musical:

i.	Regalías por interpretación y ejecución bajo licencias generales. El Licenciante se reserva el derecho exclusivo de autorizar la ejecución pública o la ejecución pública digital de la obra y de recolectar, sea individualmente o a través de una sociedad de gestión colectiva de derechos de autor y derechos conexos (por ejemplo, SAYCO), las regalías por la ejecución pública o por la ejecución pública digital de la obra (por ejemplo Webcast) licenciada bajo licencias generales, si la interpretación o ejecución de la obra está primordialmente orientada por o dirigida a la obtención de una ventaja comercial o una compensación monetaria privada.

ii.	Regalías por Fonogramas. El Licenciante se reserva el derecho exclusivo de recolectar, individualmente o a través de una sociedad de gestión colectiva de derechos de autor y derechos conexos (por ejemplo, los consagrados por la SAYCO), una agencia de derechos musicales o algún agente designado, las regalías por cualquier fonograma que Usted cree a partir de la obra (“versión cover”) y distribuya, en los términos del régimen de derechos de autor, si la creación o distribución de esa versión cover está primordialmente destinada o dirigida a obtener una ventaja comercial o una compensación monetaria privada.

e.	Gestión de Derechos de Autor sobre Interpretaciones y Ejecuciones Digitales (WebCasting). Para evitar toda confusión, el Licenciante aclara que, cuando la obra sea un fonograma, el Licenciante se reserva el derecho exclusivo de autorizar la ejecución pública digital de la obra (por ejemplo, webcast) y de recolectar, individualmente o a través de una sociedad de gestión colectiva de derechos de autor y derechos conexos (por ejemplo, ACINPRO), las regalías por la ejecución pública digital de la obra (por ejemplo, webcast), sujeta a las disposiciones aplicables del régimen de Derecho de Autor, si esta ejecución pública digital está primordialmente dirigida a obtener una ventaja comercial o una compensación monetaria privada.

5. Representaciones, Garantías y Limitaciones de Responsabilidad.
A MENOS QUE LAS PARTES LO ACORDARAN DE OTRA FORMA POR ESCRITO, EL LICENCIANTE OFRECE LA OBRA (EN EL ESTADO EN EL QUE SE ENCUENTRA) “TAL CUAL”, SIN BRINDAR GARANTÍAS DE CLASE ALGUNA RESPECTO DE LA OBRA, YA SEA EXPRESA, IMPLÍCITA, LEGAL O CUALQUIERA OTRA, INCLUYENDO, SIN LIMITARSE A ELLAS, GARANTÍAS DE TITULARIDAD, COMERCIABILIDAD, ADAPTABILIDAD O ADECUACIÓN A PROPÓSITO DETERMINADO, AUSENCIA DE INFRACCIÓN, DE AUSENCIA DE DEFECTOS LATENTES O DE OTRO TIPO, O LA PRESENCIA O AUSENCIA DE ERRORES, SEAN O NO DESCUBRIBLES (PUEDAN O NO SER ESTOS DESCUBIERTOS). ALGUNAS JURISDICCIONES NO PERMITEN LA EXCLUSIÓN DE GARANTÍAS IMPLÍCITAS, EN CUYO CASO ESTA EXCLUSIÓN PUEDE NO APLICARSE A USTED.

6. Limitación de responsabilidad.
A MENOS QUE LO EXIJA EXPRESAMENTE LA LEY APLICABLE, EL LICENCIANTE NO SERÁ RESPONSABLE ANTE USTED POR DAÑO ALGUNO, SEA POR RESPONSABILIDAD EXTRACONTRACTUAL, PRECONTRACTUAL O CONTRACTUAL, OBJETIVA O SUBJETIVA, SE TRATE DE DAÑOS MORALES O PATRIMONIALES, DIRECTOS O INDIRECTOS, PREVISTOS O IMPREVISTOS PRODUCIDOS POR EL USO DE ESTA LICENCIA O DE LA OBRA, AUN CUANDO EL LICENCIANTE HAYA SIDO ADVERTIDO DE LA POSIBILIDAD DE DICHOS DAÑOS. ALGUNAS LEYES NO PERMITEN LA EXCLUSIÓN DE CIERTA RESPONSABILIDAD, EN CUYO CASO ESTA EXCLUSIÓN PUEDE NO APLICARSE A USTED.

7. Término.

a.	Esta Licencia y los derechos otorgados en virtud de ella terminarán automáticamente si Usted infringe alguna condición establecida en ella. Sin embargo, los individuos o entidades que han recibido Obras Derivadas o Colectivas de Usted de conformidad con esta Licencia, no verán terminadas sus licencias, siempre que estos individuos o entidades sigan cumpliendo íntegramente las condiciones de estas licencias. Las Secciones 1, 2, 5, 6, 7, y 8 subsistirán a cualquier terminación de esta Licencia.

b.	Sujeta a las condiciones y términos anteriores, la licencia otorgada aquí es perpetua (durante el período de vigencia de los derechos de autor de la obra). No obstante lo anterior, el Licenciante se reserva el derecho a publicar y/o estrenar la Obra bajo condiciones de licencia diferentes o a dejar de distribuirla en los términos de esta Licencia en cualquier momento; en el entendido, sin embargo, que esa elección no servirá para revocar esta licencia o que deba ser otorgada , bajo los términos de esta licencia), y esta licencia continuará en pleno vigor y efecto a menos que sea terminada como se expresa atrás. La Licencia revocada continuará siendo plenamente vigente y efectiva si no se le da término en las condiciones indicadas anteriormente.

8. Varios.

a.	Cada vez que Usted distribuya o ponga a disposición pública la Obra o una Obra Colectiva, el Licenciante ofrecerá al destinatario una licencia en los mismos términos y condiciones que la licencia otorgada a Usted bajo esta Licencia.

b.	Si alguna disposición de esta Licencia resulta invalidada o no exigible, según la legislación vigente, esto no afectará ni la validez ni la aplicabilidad del resto de condiciones de esta Licencia y, sin acción adicional por parte de los sujetos de este acuerdo, aquélla se entenderá reformada lo mínimo necesario para hacer que dicha disposición sea válida y exigible.

c.	Ningún término o disposición de esta Licencia se estimará renunciada y ninguna violación de ella será consentida a menos que esa renuncia o consentimiento sea otorgado por escrito y firmado por la parte que renuncie o consienta.

d.	Esta Licencia refleja el acuerdo pleno entre las partes respecto a la Obra aquí licenciada. No hay arreglos, acuerdos o declaraciones respecto a la Obra que no estén especificados en este documento. El Licenciante no se verá limitado por ninguna disposición adicional que pueda surgir en alguna comunicación emanada de Usted. Esta Licencia no puede ser modificada sin el consentimiento mutuo por escrito del Licenciante y Usted.
0000-0003-2147-18758aa3781fd116e9c3f6b7d1aeeccf28076000000-0001-9081-684448702452e3333c2d4cea3b4de2e5bb5f600