Analysis of folic acid in white rice by ultra-fast liquid chromatography
The method of analysis was standardized, and the folic acid content was determined in samples of fortified white rice (Z, G and D) and unfortified (E and O). The analysis was performed in triplicate in samples of 2.0000 g, hydrolysis was performed with phosphate buffer pH 8.82 for one hour and then...
- Autores:
-
Parra LLanos, John Wilmer
RodrÍguez Ordoñez, Dora Cecilia
Torres Herrera, Laura Natalia
- Tipo de recurso:
- Article of journal
- Fecha de publicación:
- 2019
- Institución:
- Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander
- Repositorio:
- Repositorio Digital UFPS
- Idioma:
- eng
- OAI Identifier:
- oai:repositorio.ufps.edu.co:ufps/763
- Acceso en línea:
- http://repositorio.ufps.edu.co/handle/ufps/763
https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1388/1/012037
- Palabra clave:
- Rights
- openAccess
- License
- Atribución 4.0 Internacional (CC BY 4.0)
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dc.title.eng.fl_str_mv |
Analysis of folic acid in white rice by ultra-fast liquid chromatography |
title |
Analysis of folic acid in white rice by ultra-fast liquid chromatography |
spellingShingle |
Analysis of folic acid in white rice by ultra-fast liquid chromatography |
title_short |
Analysis of folic acid in white rice by ultra-fast liquid chromatography |
title_full |
Analysis of folic acid in white rice by ultra-fast liquid chromatography |
title_fullStr |
Analysis of folic acid in white rice by ultra-fast liquid chromatography |
title_full_unstemmed |
Analysis of folic acid in white rice by ultra-fast liquid chromatography |
title_sort |
Analysis of folic acid in white rice by ultra-fast liquid chromatography |
dc.creator.fl_str_mv |
Parra LLanos, John Wilmer RodrÍguez Ordoñez, Dora Cecilia Torres Herrera, Laura Natalia |
dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv |
Parra LLanos, John Wilmer RodrÍguez Ordoñez, Dora Cecilia Torres Herrera, Laura Natalia |
description |
The method of analysis was standardized, and the folic acid content was determined in samples of fortified white rice (Z, G and D) and unfortified (E and O). The analysis was performed in triplicate in samples of 2.0000 g, hydrolysis was performed with phosphate buffer pH 8.82 for one hour and then lowered to pH 7.00 for enzymatic treatment with takadiastase at 65°C. The extracts were filtered by gravity, purified with nylon syringe filters and ion exchange cartridges (solid phase extraction using strong anion exchange cartridges). The concentration in mg folic acid/kg of rice, in each extract was determined by ultrafast liquid chromatography, with average values for Lot1 of the fortified rice samples, of 44.03, 51.95, 38.08, and unfortified samples of 31.51 and 21.94, and with respect to Lot2 of 41.26, 41.27, 34.54 for fortified ones and 24.92 and 20.94 for non-fortified ones, respectively. The concentration of folic acid obtained by filtration through syringe filters was higher than in the extracts purified by solid phase extraction using strong anion exchange cartridges, evidencing loss of the analyte. The recovery of folic acid in the samples doped and purified by syringe filters was around 65.00%, while by solid phase extraction using strong anion exchange cartridges 43.00%. There is evidence of variation in the folic acid content between different batches of rice of the same brand. |
publishDate |
2019 |
dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv |
2019-11-19 |
dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv |
2021-11-08T17:16:50Z |
dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv |
2021-11-08T17:16:50Z |
dc.type.spa.fl_str_mv |
Artículo de revista |
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http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1 |
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http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85 |
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http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501 |
dc.type.content.spa.fl_str_mv |
Text |
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info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
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info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
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http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501 |
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publishedVersion |
dc.identifier.uri.none.fl_str_mv |
http://repositorio.ufps.edu.co/handle/ufps/763 |
dc.identifier.doi.none.fl_str_mv |
https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1388/1/012037 |
url |
http://repositorio.ufps.edu.co/handle/ufps/763 https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1388/1/012037 |
dc.language.iso.spa.fl_str_mv |
eng |
language |
eng |
dc.relation.ispartof.none.fl_str_mv |
Journal of Physics: Conference Series |
dc.relation.citationedition.spa.fl_str_mv |
Vol.1388 No.1.(2019) |
dc.relation.citationendpage.spa.fl_str_mv |
7 |
dc.relation.citationissue.spa.fl_str_mv |
1(2019) |
dc.relation.citationstartpage.spa.fl_str_mv |
1 |
dc.relation.citationvolume.spa.fl_str_mv |
1388 |
dc.relation.cites.none.fl_str_mv |
Rodríguez, D. C., Torres, L. N., & Parra, J. W. (2019, November). Analysis of folic acid in white rice by ultra-fast liquid chromatography. In Journal of Physics: Conference Series (Vol. 1388, No. 1, p. 012037). IOP Publishing. |
dc.relation.ispartofjournal.spa.fl_str_mv |
Journal of Physics: Conference Series |
dc.rights.coar.fl_str_mv |
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2 |
dc.rights.accessrights.spa.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
dc.rights.creativecommons.spa.fl_str_mv |
Atribución 4.0 Internacional (CC BY 4.0) |
eu_rights_str_mv |
openAccess |
rights_invalid_str_mv |
Atribución 4.0 Internacional (CC BY 4.0) http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2 |
dc.format.extent.spa.fl_str_mv |
07 páginas |
dc.format.mimetype.spa.fl_str_mv |
application/pdf |
dc.publisher.spa.fl_str_mv |
Journal of Physics: Conference Series |
dc.publisher.place.spa.fl_str_mv |
Reino Unido |
dc.source.spa.fl_str_mv |
https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1742-6596/1388/1/012037/meta |
institution |
Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander |
bitstream.url.fl_str_mv |
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Parra LLanos, John Wilmer71c25954e9b94ea54af9ebf0502af0aa600RodrÍguez Ordoñez, Dora Cecilia72a6c8310d7040488bff8fb7c0067217600Torres Herrera, Laura Nataliae61b7c18dbdd0d6ec4d205dc8e790e6b6002021-11-08T17:16:50Z2021-11-08T17:16:50Z2019-11-19http://repositorio.ufps.edu.co/handle/ufps/763https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1388/1/012037The method of analysis was standardized, and the folic acid content was determined in samples of fortified white rice (Z, G and D) and unfortified (E and O). The analysis was performed in triplicate in samples of 2.0000 g, hydrolysis was performed with phosphate buffer pH 8.82 for one hour and then lowered to pH 7.00 for enzymatic treatment with takadiastase at 65°C. The extracts were filtered by gravity, purified with nylon syringe filters and ion exchange cartridges (solid phase extraction using strong anion exchange cartridges). The concentration in mg folic acid/kg of rice, in each extract was determined by ultrafast liquid chromatography, with average values for Lot1 of the fortified rice samples, of 44.03, 51.95, 38.08, and unfortified samples of 31.51 and 21.94, and with respect to Lot2 of 41.26, 41.27, 34.54 for fortified ones and 24.92 and 20.94 for non-fortified ones, respectively. The concentration of folic acid obtained by filtration through syringe filters was higher than in the extracts purified by solid phase extraction using strong anion exchange cartridges, evidencing loss of the analyte. The recovery of folic acid in the samples doped and purified by syringe filters was around 65.00%, while by solid phase extraction using strong anion exchange cartridges 43.00%. There is evidence of variation in the folic acid content between different batches of rice of the same brand.07 páginasapplication/pdfengJournal of Physics: Conference SeriesReino UnidoJournal of Physics: Conference SeriesVol.1388 No.1.(2019)71(2019)11388Rodríguez, D. C., Torres, L. N., & Parra, J. W. (2019, November). Analysis of folic acid in white rice by ultra-fast liquid chromatography. In Journal of Physics: Conference Series (Vol. 1388, No. 1, p. 012037). IOP Publishing.Journal of Physics: Conference SeriesContent from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 licence. Any further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and DOI.info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessAtribución 4.0 Internacional (CC BY 4.0)http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1742-6596/1388/1/012037/metaAnalysis of folic acid in white rice by ultra-fast liquid chromatographyArtículo de revistahttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1Textinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/ARTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85Cazali L P, Guamuch M, Mazariegos D I and Delgado A 2011 Respuestas de salud y nutrición infantil frente a la crisis económica en la región andina (Lima: UNICEF)Carbajal Á 2013 Manual de nutrición y dietética (Madrid: Universidad Complutense de Madrid)Beretta N, Grede N, Pee S, Singhkumarwong A, Roks E, Moench-Pfanner R and Bloem W 2012 Rice fortification: Its potential for improving micronutrient intake and steps required foriImplementation at scale Food and Nutrition Bulletin 33 S360-S372Calles M E 2004 Estudio de un proceso de control analítico cuantitativo para la determinación de vitaminas hidrosolubles (tiamina, niacina, ácido fólico, riboflavina) (Guayaquil: Universidad de Guayaquil) por cromatografía liquida de alta eficiencia en harinas de trigo fortificadasPaz R D and Hernández F 2006 Manejo, prevención y control de la anemia megaloblástica secundaria a déficit de ácido fólico Nutrición Hospitalaria 21 113-119Pfeiffer M C, Rogers L M and Gregory J F 1997 Determination of folate incereal-grain food products using trienzyme extraction and combined affinity and reversed-phase liquid chromatography Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemestry 45 407-413Rahimia R and Neda Goodarzib 2011 Determination of folic acid in mint vegetable by high-performance liquid chromatography Journal of Organic Chemistry 1 31-35Mencos M G 2011 Evaluación de dos métodos: cromatografía líquida de alta resolución (HPLC) y cromatografía líquida de ultra rendimiento (UPLC) (Guatemala: Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala) para la cuantificación simultánea de cuatro vitaminas hidrosolubles en harina de trigoVega C and Ramón J 2007 Determinación por cromatografía Liquida (HPLC) el contenido de ácido fólico y hierro en una bebida láctea fermentada tipo yogurt enriquecida a partir de materias primas naturales Bistua: Revista de la Facultad de Ciencias Básicas 5 42-48Osseyi E S, Wehling R L and Albrecht J A 1998 Liquid chromatographic method for determining added folic acid in fortified cereal products Journal of Chromatography A 826 235-240R Core Team 2015 R: A language and environment for statistical computing (Viena: R foundation for statistical computing)Hernández A A 2004 Desarrollo de un método analítico por cromatografía de líquidos de alta resolución para la determinación de ácido fólico en cereales enriquecidos 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chromatography.pdfapplication/pdf623846https://repositorio.ufps.edu.co/bitstream/ufps/763/1/Analysis%20of%20folic%20acid%20in%20white%20rice%20by%20ultra-fast%20liquid%20chromatography.pdf73a12e0b164b856197ae7d00c6de49c6MD51open accessLICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-814828https://repositorio.ufps.edu.co/bitstream/ufps/763/2/license.txt2f9959eaf5b71fae44bbf9ec84150c7aMD52open accessufps/763oai:repositorio.ufps.edu.co:ufps/7632022-05-23 11:00:53.546open accessRepositorio Universidad Francisco de Paula 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 incorporada en las Obras Colectivas.

b.	Distribuir copias o fonogramas de las Obras, exhibirlas públicamente, ejecutarlas públicamente y/o ponerlas a disposición pública, incluyéndolas como incorporadas en Obras Colectivas, según corresponda.

c.	Distribuir copias de las Obras Derivadas que se generen, exhibirlas públicamente, ejecutarlas públicamente y/o ponerlas a disposición pública.
Los derechos mencionados anteriormente pueden ser ejercidos en todos los medios y formatos, actualmente conocidos o que se inventen en el futuro. Los derechos antes mencionados incluyen el derecho a realizar dichas modificaciones en la medida que sean técnicamente necesarias para ejercer los derechos en otro medio o formatos, pero de otra manera usted no está autorizado para realizar obras derivadas. Todos los derechos no otorgados expresamente por el Licenciante quedan por este medio reservados, incluyendo pero sin limitarse a aquellos que se mencionan en las secciones 4(d) y 4(e).

4. Restricciones.
La licencia otorgada en la anterior Sección 3 está expresamente sujeta y limitada por las siguientes restricciones:

a.	Usted puede distribuir, exhibir públicamente, ejecutar públicamente, o poner a disposición pública la Obra sólo bajo las condiciones de esta Licencia, y Usted debe incluir una copia de esta licencia o del Identificador Universal de Recursos de la misma con cada copia de la Obra que distribuya, exhiba públicamente, ejecute públicamente o ponga a disposición pública. No es posible ofrecer o imponer ninguna condición sobre la Obra que altere o limite las condiciones de esta Licencia o el ejercicio de los derechos de los destinatarios otorgados en este documento. No es posible sublicenciar la Obra. Usted debe mantener intactos todos los avisos que hagan referencia a esta Licencia y a la cláusula de limitación de garantías. Usted no puede distribuir, exhibir públicamente, ejecutar públicamente, o poner a disposición pública la Obra con alguna medida tecnológica que controle el acceso o la utilización de ella de una forma que sea inconsistente con las condiciones de esta Licencia. Lo anterior se aplica a la Obra incorporada a una Obra Colectiva, pero esto no exige que la Obra Colectiva aparte de la obra misma quede sujeta a las condiciones de esta Licencia. Si Usted crea una Obra Colectiva, previo aviso de cualquier Licenciante debe, en la medida de lo posible, eliminar de la Obra Colectiva cualquier referencia a dicho Licenciante o al Autor Original, según lo solicitado por el Licenciante y conforme lo exige la cláusula 4(c).

b.	Usted no puede ejercer ninguno de los derechos que le han sido otorgados en la Sección 3 precedente de modo que estén principalmente destinados o directamente dirigidos a conseguir un provecho comercial o una compensación monetaria privada. El intercambio de la Obra por otras obras protegidas por derechos de autor, ya sea a través de un sistema para compartir archivos digitales (digital file-sharing) o de cualquier otra manera no será considerado como estar destinado principalmente o dirigido directamente a conseguir un provecho comercial o una compensación monetaria privada, siempre que no se realice un pago mediante una compensación monetaria en relación con el intercambio de obras protegidas por el derecho de autor.

c.	Si usted distribuye, exhibe públicamente, ejecuta públicamente o ejecuta públicamente en forma digital la Obra o cualquier Obra Derivada u Obra Colectiva, Usted debe mantener intacta toda la información de derecho de autor de la Obra y proporcionar, de forma razonable según el medio o manera que Usted esté utilizando: (i) el nombre del Autor Original si está provisto (o seudónimo, si fuere aplicable), y/o (ii) el nombre de la parte o las partes que el Autor Original y/o el Licenciante hubieren designado para la atribución (v.g., un instituto patrocinador, editorial, publicación) en la información de los derechos de autor del Licenciante, términos de servicios o de otras formas razonables; el título de la Obra si está provisto; en la medida de lo razonablemente factible y, si está provisto, el Identificador Uniforme de Recursos (Uniform Resource Identifier) que el Licenciante especifica para ser asociado con la Obra, salvo que tal URI no se refiera a la nota sobre los derechos de autor o a la información sobre el licenciamiento de la Obra; y en el caso de una Obra Derivada, atribuir el crédito identificando el uso de la Obra en la Obra Derivada (v.g., "Traducción Francesa de la Obra del Autor Original," o "Guión Cinematográfico basado en la Obra original del Autor Original"). Tal crédito puede ser implementado de cualquier forma razonable; en el caso, sin embargo, de Obras Derivadas u Obras Colectivas, tal crédito aparecerá, como mínimo, donde aparece el crédito de cualquier otro autor comparable y de una manera, al menos, tan destacada como el crédito de otro autor comparable.

d.	Para evitar toda confusión, el Licenciante aclara que, cuando la obra es una composición musical:

i.	Regalías por interpretación y ejecución bajo licencias generales. El Licenciante se reserva el derecho exclusivo de autorizar la ejecución pública o la ejecución pública digital de la obra y de recolectar, sea individualmente o a través de una sociedad de gestión colectiva de derechos de autor y derechos conexos (por ejemplo, SAYCO), las regalías por la ejecución pública o por la ejecución pública digital de la obra (por ejemplo Webcast) licenciada bajo licencias generales, si la interpretación o ejecución de la obra está primordialmente orientada por o dirigida a la obtención de una ventaja comercial o una compensación monetaria privada.

ii.	Regalías por Fonogramas. El Licenciante se reserva el derecho exclusivo de recolectar, individualmente o a través de una sociedad de gestión colectiva de derechos de autor y derechos conexos (por ejemplo, los consagrados por la SAYCO), una agencia de derechos musicales o algún agente designado, las regalías por cualquier fonograma que Usted cree a partir de la obra (“versión cover”) y distribuya, en los términos del régimen de derechos de autor, si la creación o distribución de esa versión cover está primordialmente destinada o dirigida a obtener una ventaja comercial o una compensación monetaria privada.

e.	Gestión de Derechos de Autor sobre Interpretaciones y Ejecuciones Digitales (WebCasting). Para evitar toda confusión, el Licenciante aclara que, cuando la obra sea un fonograma, el Licenciante se reserva el derecho exclusivo de autorizar la ejecución pública digital de la obra (por ejemplo, webcast) y de recolectar, individualmente o a través de una sociedad de gestión colectiva de derechos de autor y derechos conexos (por ejemplo, ACINPRO), las regalías por la ejecución pública digital de la obra (por ejemplo, webcast), sujeta a las disposiciones aplicables del régimen de Derecho de Autor, si esta ejecución pública digital está primordialmente dirigida a obtener una ventaja comercial o una compensación monetaria privada.

5. Representaciones, Garantías y Limitaciones de Responsabilidad.
A MENOS QUE LAS PARTES LO ACORDARAN DE OTRA FORMA POR ESCRITO, EL LICENCIANTE OFRECE LA OBRA (EN EL ESTADO EN EL QUE SE ENCUENTRA) “TAL CUAL”, SIN BRINDAR GARANTÍAS DE CLASE ALGUNA RESPECTO DE LA OBRA, YA SEA EXPRESA, IMPLÍCITA, LEGAL O CUALQUIERA OTRA, INCLUYENDO, SIN LIMITARSE A ELLAS, GARANTÍAS DE TITULARIDAD, COMERCIABILIDAD, ADAPTABILIDAD O ADECUACIÓN A PROPÓSITO DETERMINADO, AUSENCIA DE INFRACCIÓN, DE AUSENCIA DE DEFECTOS LATENTES O DE OTRO TIPO, O LA PRESENCIA O AUSENCIA DE ERRORES, SEAN O NO DESCUBRIBLES (PUEDAN O NO SER ESTOS DESCUBIERTOS). ALGUNAS JURISDICCIONES NO PERMITEN LA EXCLUSIÓN DE GARANTÍAS IMPLÍCITAS, EN CUYO CASO ESTA EXCLUSIÓN PUEDE NO APLICARSE A USTED.

6. Limitación de responsabilidad.
A MENOS QUE LO EXIJA EXPRESAMENTE LA LEY APLICABLE, EL LICENCIANTE NO SERÁ RESPONSABLE ANTE USTED POR DAÑO ALGUNO, SEA POR RESPONSABILIDAD EXTRACONTRACTUAL, PRECONTRACTUAL O CONTRACTUAL, OBJETIVA O SUBJETIVA, SE TRATE DE DAÑOS MORALES O PATRIMONIALES, DIRECTOS O INDIRECTOS, PREVISTOS O IMPREVISTOS PRODUCIDOS POR EL USO DE ESTA LICENCIA O DE LA OBRA, AUN CUANDO EL LICENCIANTE HAYA SIDO ADVERTIDO DE LA POSIBILIDAD DE DICHOS DAÑOS. ALGUNAS LEYES NO PERMITEN LA EXCLUSIÓN DE CIERTA RESPONSABILIDAD, EN CUYO CASO ESTA EXCLUSIÓN PUEDE NO APLICARSE A USTED.

7. Término.

a.	Esta Licencia y los derechos otorgados en virtud de ella terminarán automáticamente si Usted infringe alguna condición establecida en ella. Sin embargo, los individuos o entidades que han recibido Obras Derivadas o Colectivas de Usted de conformidad con esta Licencia, no verán terminadas sus licencias, siempre que estos individuos o entidades sigan cumpliendo íntegramente las condiciones de estas licencias. Las Secciones 1, 2, 5, 6, 7, y 8 subsistirán a cualquier terminación de esta Licencia.

b.	Sujeta a las condiciones y términos anteriores, la licencia otorgada aquí es perpetua (durante el período de vigencia de los derechos de autor de la obra). No obstante lo anterior, el Licenciante se reserva el derecho a publicar y/o estrenar la Obra bajo condiciones de licencia diferentes o a dejar de distribuirla en los términos de esta Licencia en cualquier momento; en el entendido, sin embargo, que esa elección no servirá para revocar esta licencia o que deba ser otorgada , bajo los términos de esta licencia), y esta licencia continuará en pleno vigor y efecto a menos que sea terminada como se expresa atrás. La Licencia revocada continuará siendo plenamente vigente y efectiva si no se le da término en las condiciones indicadas anteriormente.

8. Varios.

a.	Cada vez que Usted distribuya o ponga a disposición pública la Obra o una Obra Colectiva, el Licenciante ofrecerá al destinatario una licencia en los mismos términos y condiciones que la licencia otorgada a Usted bajo esta Licencia.

b.	Si alguna disposición de esta Licencia resulta invalidada o no exigible, según la legislación vigente, esto no afectará ni la validez ni la aplicabilidad del resto de condiciones de esta Licencia y, sin acción adicional por parte de los sujetos de este acuerdo, aquélla se entenderá reformada lo mínimo necesario para hacer que dicha disposición sea válida y exigible.

c.	Ningún término o disposición de esta Licencia se estimará renunciada y ninguna violación de ella será consentida a menos que esa renuncia o consentimiento sea otorgado por escrito y firmado por la parte que renuncie o consienta.

d.	Esta Licencia refleja el acuerdo pleno entre las partes respecto a la Obra aquí licenciada. No hay arreglos, acuerdos o declaraciones respecto a la Obra que no estén especificados en este documento. El Licenciante no se verá limitado por ninguna disposición adicional que pueda surgir en alguna comunicación emanada de Usted. Esta Licencia no puede ser modificada sin el consentimiento mutuo por escrito del Licenciante y Usted.
 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