Training action for physics teachers: an application of problem-based learning
The teaching of problem-based learning is a didactic approach that requires a radical change in the role of the physics teacher because it is focused on learning, research, and reflection that students follow to reach a solution to a problem situation as a starting point for the acquisition and inte...
- Autores:
-
Prada Núñez, Raul
C A, Hernández Suarez
Gamboa Suarez, A A
- Tipo de recurso:
- Article of journal
- Fecha de publicación:
- 2022
- Institución:
- Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander
- Repositorio:
- Repositorio Digital UFPS
- Idioma:
- eng
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- Acceso en línea:
- https://repositorio.ufps.edu.co/handle/ufps/6607
- Palabra clave:
- Rights
- openAccess
- License
- © 2022 by the authors
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Training action for physics teachers: an application of problem-based learning |
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Training action for physics teachers: an application of problem-based learning |
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Training action for physics teachers: an application of problem-based learning |
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Training action for physics teachers: an application of problem-based learning |
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Prada Núñez, Raul C A, Hernández Suarez Gamboa Suarez, A A |
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Prada Núñez, Raul C A, Hernández Suarez Gamboa Suarez, A A |
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Journal of Physics: Conference Series |
description |
The teaching of problem-based learning is a didactic approach that requires a radical change in the role of the physics teacher because it is focused on learning, research, and reflection that students follow to reach a solution to a problem situation as a starting point for the acquisition and integration of knowledge in science. The results of a training action for physics teachers on the implementation, their perceptions, and perspectives on the feasibility of the problem-based Learning approach are presented. The study is quasi-experimental in nature with pre-test and post-test in the study variables. The results suggest that the teachers' perceptions are positive, which is why they consider that its implementation in teaching is viable, however, they need more elements that facilitate their execution in the classroom, such as understanding the theoretical foundations and their pedagogical use successful in the classroom. It is concluded that, for the physics teaching process, problem-based learning is an innovation because it allows the student to learn actively, in which inquiry is relevant for the development of skills and appropriation of knowledge, which in the framework of natural sciences leads to the reconstruction of the scientific method. |
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2022-11-23T20:33:53Z |
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2022-01-05 |
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Artículo de revista |
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10.1088/1742-6596/2159/1/012017 |
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eng |
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Journal of Physics: Conference Series. Vol 2159 No°1[2022] |
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Vol. 2159 No° 1 [2022] |
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R Prada Nuñez et al 2022 J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. 2159 012017 DOI 10.1088/1742-6596/2159/1/012017 |
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Journal of Physics: Conference Series |
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© 2022 by the authors |
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Journal of Physics: Conference Series |
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https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1742-6596/2159/1/012017 |
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Prada Núñez, Raulc409e121e9e60666d74e771d49023e04600C A, Hernández Suarez693540c7e25f5b5fd9aa66202efbf1a1600Gamboa Suarez, A Aa1d49bf376c57d310148bc13cdb747e8Journal of Physics: Conference Series2022-11-23T20:33:53Z2022-11-23T20:33:53Z2022-01-05https://repositorio.ufps.edu.co/handle/ufps/660710.1088/1742-6596/2159/1/012017The teaching of problem-based learning is a didactic approach that requires a radical change in the role of the physics teacher because it is focused on learning, research, and reflection that students follow to reach a solution to a problem situation as a starting point for the acquisition and integration of knowledge in science. The results of a training action for physics teachers on the implementation, their perceptions, and perspectives on the feasibility of the problem-based Learning approach are presented. The study is quasi-experimental in nature with pre-test and post-test in the study variables. The results suggest that the teachers' perceptions are positive, which is why they consider that its implementation in teaching is viable, however, they need more elements that facilitate their execution in the classroom, such as understanding the theoretical foundations and their pedagogical use successful in the classroom. It is concluded that, for the physics teaching process, problem-based learning is an innovation because it allows the student to learn actively, in which inquiry is relevant for the development of skills and appropriation of knowledge, which in the framework of natural sciences leads to the reconstruction of the scientific method.7application/pdfengJournal of Physics: Conference SeriesReino UnidoJournal of Physics: Conference Series. Vol 2159 No°1[2022]Vol. 2159 No° 1 [2022]61[2022]12159R Prada Nuñez et al 2022 J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. 2159 012017 DOI 10.1088/1742-6596/2159/1/012017Journal of Physics: Conference Series© 2022 by the authorshttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessAtribución 4.0 Internacional (CC BY 4.0)http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1742-6596/2159/1/012017Training action for physics teachers: an application of problem-based learningArtículo de revistahttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1Textinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/ARTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85Prada Nuñez R, Hernández C A, Gamboa A A 2021 Active learning and knowledge in physics: a reading from classroom work Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1981(1) 012007:1Branda L A 2013 El abc del ABP – Lo esencial del aprendizaje basado en problemas Cuadernos de la Fundación Dr. Antonio Esteve 27 1Paredes-Curin C R 2016 Aprendizaje basado en problemas (ABP): una estrategia de enseñanza de la educación ambiental, en estudiantes de un liceo municipal de Cañete Educare 20(1) 119Valles A X, Covarrubias-Papahiu P 2020 Metodología ABP: Habilidades de autonomía y trabajo colaborativo en estudiantes de bachillerato Paradigma 41(2) 286Ardila-Duarte C, Parody-Muñoz A E, Castro-Vásquez L, Acuña-Sarmiento J, Carmona-Martes A L, García-Flórez E, Castro-Duran J, Hurtado-Carmona D 2019 Aprendizaje basado en problemas en el desarrollo de competencias transversales en programas del área de la salud de una Institución de Educación Superior de Barranquilla-Colombia Revista Cubana de Educación Médica Superior 33(1) e1763Pérez L 2018 El aprendizaje basado en problemas como estrategia didáctica en educación superior Voces de la Educación 3(6) 155Navarro N, Zamora J, Bustos L 2014 Desempeño del tutor/a en el aprendizaje basado en problemas: Validación de un instrumento de evaluación en la facultad de medicina de la universidad de la frontera Revista de Educación en Ciencias de la Salud 11(2) 137Herrán C A, Vega C F 2006 Uso del ABP como estrategia didáctica para lograr aprendizaje significativo del diseño de ingeniería Revista Educación en Ingeniería 1(2) 33Pérez J M 2019 El Aprendizaje Basado en Problemas: aplicación en un ambiente real de aprendizaje Revista Criterios 26(2) 13Labra P, Kokaly M E, Iturra C, Concha A, Sasso P, Vergara M I 2011 El enfoque ABP en la formación inicial docente de la universidad de Atacama: el impacto en el quehacer docente Estudios Pedagógicos 37(1) 167Carrió M, Agell L, Rodríguez G, Larramona P, Pérez J, Baños J E 2018 Percepciones de estudiantes y docentes sobre la implementación del aprendizaje basado en problemas como método docente FEM: Revista de la Fundación Educación Médica 21(3) 143Palta N I, Sigüenza J P, Guevara C W 2019 Aprendizaje basado en problemas en la carrera de psicología clínica Revista Electrónica de Psicología Iztacala 21(4) 1411Navarro I, González C, López B, Contreras A 2019 Aprendizaje cooperativo basado en proyectos y entornos virtuales para la formación de futuros maestros Educar 55(2) 519López-Guede J M 2015 Experiencia docente mediante la metodología de aprendizaje basado en problemas Ikastorratza e-Revista de Didáctica 14 72Medina-Nicolalde M, Tapia-Calvopiña M P 2018 El aprendizaje basado en problemas una estrategia para el trabajo interdisciplinario en el aula Olimpia 14(46) 142Martín M L, Díaz E, Sánchez J M, García C 2019 Interdisciplinary coordination and problem-based learning: evidence from higher education Docencia e Investigación 44(30) 53Mendiburu A F, Intriago G C, Gómez V J 2020 Aprendizaje basado en problemas y su incidencia en la formación profesional de estudiantes de educación Magazine de las Ciencias 5(CISE) 1Arana M H, Ibarra V H 2019 Ideas y Experiencias Pedagógicas: Investigación Formativa y la Tutoría de Trabajo de Grado en la Educación Superior (Bogotá: Escuela Militar de Cadetes General José María Córdova)Hincapié D A, Ramos A, Chirino V 2018 Aprendizaje basado en problemas como estrategia de aprendizaje activo y su incidencia en el rendimiento académico y pensamiento crítico de estudiantes de medicina Revista Complutense de Educación 29(3) 665Casa M D, Huatta S, Mancha E E 2019 Aprendizaje basado en problemas como estrategia para el desarrollo de competencias en estudiantes de educación secundaria Comuni@cción 10(2) 111Latasa I, Lozano P, Ocerinjauregi N 2012 Aprendizaje basado en problemas en currículos tradicionales: beneficios e inconvenientes Formación Universitaria 5(5) 15Hernández C A, Prada R, Gamboa A A 2021 Gains in active learning of physics: a measurement applying the test of understanding graphs of kinematics Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2073(1) 012003:1Prada R, Hernández C A, Gamboa A A 2021 Teaching physics through the implementation of a didactic strategy for the integration of knowledge in secondary school students Journal of Physics: 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 incorporada en las Obras Colectivas.

b.	Distribuir copias o fonogramas de las Obras, exhibirlas públicamente, ejecutarlas públicamente y/o ponerlas a disposición pública, incluyéndolas como incorporadas en Obras Colectivas, según corresponda.

c.	Distribuir copias de las Obras Derivadas que se generen, exhibirlas públicamente, ejecutarlas públicamente y/o ponerlas a disposición pública.
Los derechos mencionados anteriormente pueden ser ejercidos en todos los medios y formatos, actualmente conocidos o que se inventen en el futuro. Los derechos antes mencionados incluyen el derecho a realizar dichas modificaciones en la medida que sean técnicamente necesarias para ejercer los derechos en otro medio o formatos, pero de otra manera usted no está autorizado para realizar obras derivadas. Todos los derechos no otorgados expresamente por el Licenciante quedan por este medio reservados, incluyendo pero sin limitarse a aquellos que se mencionan en las secciones 4(d) y 4(e).

4. Restricciones.
La licencia otorgada en la anterior Sección 3 está expresamente sujeta y limitada por las siguientes restricciones:

a.	Usted puede distribuir, exhibir públicamente, ejecutar públicamente, o poner a disposición pública la Obra sólo bajo las condiciones de esta Licencia, y Usted debe incluir una copia de esta licencia o del Identificador Universal de Recursos de la misma con cada copia de la Obra que distribuya, exhiba públicamente, ejecute públicamente o ponga a disposición pública. No es posible ofrecer o imponer ninguna condición sobre la Obra que altere o limite las condiciones de esta Licencia o el ejercicio de los derechos de los destinatarios otorgados en este documento. No es posible sublicenciar la Obra. Usted debe mantener intactos todos los avisos que hagan referencia a esta Licencia y a la cláusula de limitación de garantías. Usted no puede distribuir, exhibir públicamente, ejecutar públicamente, o poner a disposición pública la Obra con alguna medida tecnológica que controle el acceso o la utilización de ella de una forma que sea inconsistente con las condiciones de esta Licencia. Lo anterior se aplica a la Obra incorporada a una Obra Colectiva, pero esto no exige que la Obra Colectiva aparte de la obra misma quede sujeta a las condiciones de esta Licencia. Si Usted crea una Obra Colectiva, previo aviso de cualquier Licenciante debe, en la medida de lo posible, eliminar de la Obra Colectiva cualquier referencia a dicho Licenciante o al Autor Original, según lo solicitado por el Licenciante y conforme lo exige la cláusula 4(c).

b.	Usted no puede ejercer ninguno de los derechos que le han sido otorgados en la Sección 3 precedente de modo que estén principalmente destinados o directamente dirigidos a conseguir un provecho comercial o una compensación monetaria privada. El intercambio de la Obra por otras obras protegidas por derechos de autor, ya sea a través de un sistema para compartir archivos digitales (digital file-sharing) o de cualquier otra manera no será considerado como estar destinado principalmente o dirigido directamente a conseguir un provecho comercial o una compensación monetaria privada, siempre que no se realice un pago mediante una compensación monetaria en relación con el intercambio de obras protegidas por el derecho de autor.

c.	Si usted distribuye, exhibe públicamente, ejecuta públicamente o ejecuta públicamente en forma digital la Obra o cualquier Obra Derivada u Obra Colectiva, Usted debe mantener intacta toda la información de derecho de autor de la Obra y proporcionar, de forma razonable según el medio o manera que Usted esté utilizando: (i) el nombre del Autor Original si está provisto (o seudónimo, si fuere aplicable), y/o (ii) el nombre de la parte o las partes que el Autor Original y/o el Licenciante hubieren designado para la atribución (v.g., un instituto patrocinador, editorial, publicación) en la información de los derechos de autor del Licenciante, términos de servicios o de otras formas razonables; el título de la Obra si está provisto; en la medida de lo razonablemente factible y, si está provisto, el Identificador Uniforme de Recursos (Uniform Resource Identifier) que el Licenciante especifica para ser asociado con la Obra, salvo que tal URI no se refiera a la nota sobre los derechos de autor o a la información sobre el licenciamiento de la Obra; y en el caso de una Obra Derivada, atribuir el crédito identificando el uso de la Obra en la Obra Derivada (v.g., "Traducción Francesa de la Obra del Autor Original," o "Guión Cinematográfico basado en la Obra original del Autor Original"). Tal crédito puede ser implementado de cualquier forma razonable; en el caso, sin embargo, de Obras Derivadas u Obras Colectivas, tal crédito aparecerá, como mínimo, donde aparece el crédito de cualquier otro autor comparable y de una manera, al menos, tan destacada como el crédito de otro autor comparable.

d.	Para evitar toda confusión, el Licenciante aclara que, cuando la obra es una composición musical:

i.	Regalías por interpretación y ejecución bajo licencias generales. El Licenciante se reserva el derecho exclusivo de autorizar la ejecución pública o la ejecución pública digital de la obra y de recolectar, sea individualmente o a través de una sociedad de gestión colectiva de derechos de autor y derechos conexos (por ejemplo, SAYCO), las regalías por la ejecución pública o por la ejecución pública digital de la obra (por ejemplo Webcast) licenciada bajo licencias generales, si la interpretación o ejecución de la obra está primordialmente orientada por o dirigida a la obtención de una ventaja comercial o una compensación monetaria privada.

ii.	Regalías por Fonogramas. El Licenciante se reserva el derecho exclusivo de recolectar, individualmente o a través de una sociedad de gestión colectiva de derechos de autor y derechos conexos (por ejemplo, los consagrados por la SAYCO), una agencia de derechos musicales o algún agente designado, las regalías por cualquier fonograma que Usted cree a partir de la obra (“versión cover”) y distribuya, en los términos del régimen de derechos de autor, si la creación o distribución de esa versión cover está primordialmente destinada o dirigida a obtener una ventaja comercial o una compensación monetaria privada.

e.	Gestión de Derechos de Autor sobre Interpretaciones y Ejecuciones Digitales (WebCasting). Para evitar toda confusión, el Licenciante aclara que, cuando la obra sea un fonograma, el Licenciante se reserva el derecho exclusivo de autorizar la ejecución pública digital de la obra (por ejemplo, webcast) y de recolectar, individualmente o a través de una sociedad de gestión colectiva de derechos de autor y derechos conexos (por ejemplo, ACINPRO), las regalías por la ejecución pública digital de la obra (por ejemplo, webcast), sujeta a las disposiciones aplicables del régimen de Derecho de Autor, si esta ejecución pública digital está primordialmente dirigida a obtener una ventaja comercial o una compensación monetaria privada.

5. Representaciones, Garantías y Limitaciones de Responsabilidad.
A MENOS QUE LAS PARTES LO ACORDARAN DE OTRA FORMA POR ESCRITO, EL LICENCIANTE OFRECE LA OBRA (EN EL ESTADO EN EL QUE SE ENCUENTRA) “TAL CUAL”, SIN BRINDAR GARANTÍAS DE CLASE ALGUNA RESPECTO DE LA OBRA, YA SEA EXPRESA, IMPLÍCITA, LEGAL O CUALQUIERA OTRA, INCLUYENDO, SIN LIMITARSE A ELLAS, GARANTÍAS DE TITULARIDAD, COMERCIABILIDAD, ADAPTABILIDAD O ADECUACIÓN A PROPÓSITO DETERMINADO, AUSENCIA DE INFRACCIÓN, DE AUSENCIA DE DEFECTOS LATENTES O DE OTRO TIPO, O LA PRESENCIA O AUSENCIA DE ERRORES, SEAN O NO DESCUBRIBLES (PUEDAN O NO SER ESTOS DESCUBIERTOS). ALGUNAS JURISDICCIONES NO PERMITEN LA EXCLUSIÓN DE GARANTÍAS IMPLÍCITAS, EN CUYO CASO ESTA EXCLUSIÓN PUEDE NO APLICARSE A USTED.

6. Limitación de responsabilidad.
A MENOS QUE LO EXIJA EXPRESAMENTE LA LEY APLICABLE, EL LICENCIANTE NO SERÁ RESPONSABLE ANTE USTED POR DAÑO ALGUNO, SEA POR RESPONSABILIDAD EXTRACONTRACTUAL, PRECONTRACTUAL O CONTRACTUAL, OBJETIVA O SUBJETIVA, SE TRATE DE DAÑOS MORALES O PATRIMONIALES, DIRECTOS O INDIRECTOS, PREVISTOS O IMPREVISTOS PRODUCIDOS POR EL USO DE ESTA LICENCIA O DE LA OBRA, AUN CUANDO EL LICENCIANTE HAYA SIDO ADVERTIDO DE LA POSIBILIDAD DE DICHOS DAÑOS. ALGUNAS LEYES NO PERMITEN LA EXCLUSIÓN DE CIERTA RESPONSABILIDAD, EN CUYO CASO ESTA EXCLUSIÓN PUEDE NO APLICARSE A USTED.

7. Término.

a.	Esta Licencia y los derechos otorgados en virtud de ella terminarán automáticamente si Usted infringe alguna condición establecida en ella. Sin embargo, los individuos o entidades que han recibido Obras Derivadas o Colectivas de Usted de conformidad con esta Licencia, no verán terminadas sus licencias, siempre que estos individuos o entidades sigan cumpliendo íntegramente las condiciones de estas licencias. Las Secciones 1, 2, 5, 6, 7, y 8 subsistirán a cualquier terminación de esta Licencia.

b.	Sujeta a las condiciones y términos anteriores, la licencia otorgada aquí es perpetua (durante el período de vigencia de los derechos de autor de la obra). No obstante lo anterior, el Licenciante se reserva el derecho a publicar y/o estrenar la Obra bajo condiciones de licencia diferentes o a dejar de distribuirla en los términos de esta Licencia en cualquier momento; en el entendido, sin embargo, que esa elección no servirá para revocar esta licencia o que deba ser otorgada , bajo los términos de esta licencia), y esta licencia continuará en pleno vigor y efecto a menos que sea terminada como se expresa atrás. La Licencia revocada continuará siendo plenamente vigente y efectiva si no se le da término en las condiciones indicadas anteriormente.

8. Varios.

a.	Cada vez que Usted distribuya o ponga a disposición pública la Obra o una Obra Colectiva, el Licenciante ofrecerá al destinatario una licencia en los mismos términos y condiciones que la licencia otorgada a Usted bajo esta Licencia.

b.	Si alguna disposición de esta Licencia resulta invalidada o no exigible, según la legislación vigente, esto no afectará ni la validez ni la aplicabilidad del resto de condiciones de esta Licencia y, sin acción adicional por parte de los sujetos de este acuerdo, aquélla se entenderá reformada lo mínimo necesario para hacer que dicha disposición sea válida y exigible.

c.	Ningún término o disposición de esta Licencia se estimará renunciada y ninguna violación de ella será consentida a menos que esa renuncia o consentimiento sea otorgado por escrito y firmado por la parte que renuncie o consienta.

d.	Esta Licencia refleja el acuerdo pleno entre las partes respecto a la Obra aquí licenciada. No hay arreglos, acuerdos o declaraciones respecto a la Obra que no estén especificados en este documento. El Licenciante no se verá limitado por ninguna disposición adicional que pueda surgir en alguna comunicación emanada de Usted. Esta Licencia no puede ser modificada sin el consentimiento mutuo por escrito del Licenciante y Usted.
 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