Co-teaching: preschool teachers' insights about the EFL co-acting practice.
Universidad Pedagógica Nacional
- Autores:
-
López Rozo, Diana Marcela
- Tipo de recurso:
- Trabajo de grado de pregrado
- Fecha de publicación:
- 2020
- Institución:
- Universidad Pedagógica Nacional
- Repositorio:
- Repositorio Institucional UPN
- Idioma:
- eng
- OAI Identifier:
- oai:repository.pedagogica.edu.co:20.500.12209/12663
- Acceso en línea:
- http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12209/12663
- Palabra clave:
- Co-teaching
EFL teaching practice
Very young learners
Co-teaching
Self - Contained teachers
EFL teaching practice
Very young learners
- Rights
- License
- https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
| id |
RPEDAGO2_008d1dbc1e2b63a0b723f89159019283 |
|---|---|
| oai_identifier_str |
oai:repository.pedagogica.edu.co:20.500.12209/12663 |
| network_acronym_str |
RPEDAGO2 |
| network_name_str |
Repositorio Institucional UPN |
| repository_id_str |
|
| dc.title.spa.fl_str_mv |
Co-teaching: preschool teachers' insights about the EFL co-acting practice. |
| title |
Co-teaching: preschool teachers' insights about the EFL co-acting practice. |
| spellingShingle |
Co-teaching: preschool teachers' insights about the EFL co-acting practice. Co-teaching EFL teaching practice Very young learners Co-teaching Self - Contained teachers EFL teaching practice Very young learners |
| title_short |
Co-teaching: preschool teachers' insights about the EFL co-acting practice. |
| title_full |
Co-teaching: preschool teachers' insights about the EFL co-acting practice. |
| title_fullStr |
Co-teaching: preschool teachers' insights about the EFL co-acting practice. |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Co-teaching: preschool teachers' insights about the EFL co-acting practice. |
| title_sort |
Co-teaching: preschool teachers' insights about the EFL co-acting practice. |
| dc.creator.fl_str_mv |
López Rozo, Diana Marcela |
| dc.contributor.advisor.spa.fl_str_mv |
Montaño Moreno, Johanna |
| dc.contributor.author.spa.fl_str_mv |
López Rozo, Diana Marcela |
| dc.subject.spa.fl_str_mv |
Co-teaching EFL teaching practice Very young learners |
| topic |
Co-teaching EFL teaching practice Very young learners Co-teaching Self - Contained teachers EFL teaching practice Very young learners |
| dc.subject.keywords.eng.fl_str_mv |
Co-teaching Self - Contained teachers EFL teaching practice Very young learners |
| description |
Universidad Pedagógica Nacional |
| publishDate |
2020 |
| dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv |
2020-12-18T01:42:58Z |
| dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv |
2020-12-18T01:42:58Z |
| dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv |
2020 |
| dc.type.spa.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesis |
| dc.type.local.spa.fl_str_mv |
Tesis/Trabajo de grado - Monografía – Pregrado |
| dc.type.coar.eng.fl_str_mv |
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_7a1f |
| dc.type.driver.eng.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesis |
| dc.type.version.none.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion |
| format |
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_7a1f |
| status_str |
acceptedVersion |
| dc.identifier.uri.none.fl_str_mv |
http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12209/12663 |
| dc.identifier.instname.spa.fl_str_mv |
instname:Universidad Pedagógica Nacional instname:Universidad Pedagógica Nacional |
| dc.identifier.reponame.spa.fl_str_mv |
reponame: Repositorio Institucional UPN |
| dc.identifier.repourl.none.fl_str_mv |
repourl: http://repositorio.pedagogica.edu.co/ |
| url |
http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12209/12663 |
| identifier_str_mv |
instname:Universidad Pedagógica Nacional reponame: Repositorio Institucional UPN repourl: http://repositorio.pedagogica.edu.co/ |
| dc.language.iso.spa.fl_str_mv |
eng |
| language |
eng |
| dc.relation.references.spa.fl_str_mv |
Almutairi, M., Shukri, N. (2016). Using Songs in Teaching Oral Skills to Young Learners: Teachers’ Views and Attitudes. International Journal of Linguistics, 8, pp. 133-153. Brendle, J, Lock, R, Piazza, K. (2017). A Study of Co-Teaching Identifying Effective Implementation Strategies. International Journal of Special Education, v32 n3 p538-550 Available at: https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ1184155 Burns, A. (2010). Doing action research in English language teaching: a guide for practitioners. New York: Taylor & Francis Ltd. Cook, L. (2004). Co-Teaching: Principles, Practices, and Pragmatics. From ERIC’s Web Site: https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED486454 Cook, L., Friend, M., Hurley, D., Shamberger, C (2010). Co-Teaching: An Illustration of the Complexity of Collaboration in Special Education. Journal of Educational and Psychological Consultation,20, pp. 9–27 Cope, D (2014). The use of triangulation in qualitative research. In Oncology nursing forum (Vol. 41, No. 5, p. 545). Damar, A., Gürsoy, E., & Korkmaz, Ç. (2014). Teaching English to young learners: Through the eyes of EFL teacher trainers. ELT Research Journal, 2 p. 95-110. Debes, J & Fransecky, R.(1972) Visual Literacy: A Way to Learn-A Way to Teach. Association for Educational Communications and Technology, Washington, D.C. From ERIC’s Web Site: https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED064884.pdf Duque C (2012). Los roles de las maestras participantes de las clases de team teaching (enseñanza conjunta) en un proyecto de formación bilingüe. Corporación Universitaria Lasallista. Medellín, Colombia. Availiable at: http://repository.lasallista.edu.co/dspace/bitstream/10567/648/1/Roles_maestras_team_teaching.pdf FuenteAlba, L. Philominraj,A. Andrew P. Ramirez-Muñoz, B & Quinteros, N. (2019) Inglés para preescolares: una tarea pendiente en la formación inicial docente. Información tecnológica, 30 p. 249-256. Hatch, J. (2002). Doing qualitative research in education settings. New York: State University of New York Press, Albany. Hymes, D. (1972). Acerca de la competencia comunicativa. FORMA Y FUNCIÓN , Translation by: Juan Gómez (1996) 9, pp. 13-37. Ikhfi, I., Nargis, N. (2017). Teaching English For Young Learners. Indonesia: FKIP UMT Press. Knud, I (2003).Towards a contemporary and comprehensive theory of learning. International Journal of Lifelong Education , 22: 4. pp. 396-406. Taylor & Francis Ltd. Lisboa,J, Maldonado J. (2018) Qualitative Research: Emic-Etic Approach. Revista Cubana de Investigaciones Biomédicas. 2018;37(4) Nuriye V. Falih Y. (2015). Teaching English to Very Young Learners. Procedia-social and behavioral Sciences 197 p.19-22 Martinez, L (2015) Developing Teachers' Social and Emotional Skills. Edutopia. Available at:https://www.edutopia.org/blog/developing-teachers-social-emotional-skills-lorea-martinez Ministerio de Educación Nacional (2016). Pedagogical Principles and Guidelines Suggested English Curriculum. Available at: http://aprende.colombiaaprende.edu.co/sites/default/files/naspublic/colombiabilingue/dbac Ministerio de Educación Nacional-a-(2017). Bases curriculares para la educación inicial y preescolar. Colombia Aprende. Bogotá, Colombia. Ministerio de Educación Nacional-b- (2016). Pedagogical Principles and Guidelines Suggested English Curriculum. Availiable at: http://aprende.colombiaaprende.edu.co/sites/default/files/naspublic/colombiabilingue/dbacurriculo/cartilla_orientaciones_docentes/Pedagogical%20Principles%20and%20Guidelines.pdf Ministerio de Educación Nacional (2016). Basic Learning Rights. Available at: http://aprende.colombiaaprende.edu.co/sites/default/files/naspublic/colombiabilingue/dbacurriculo/cartilla_dba/Basic%20Learning%20Rights%20-%20Tr%20y%20Primaria.pdf Pappamihiel, N. Eleni (2012) Benefits and Challenges of Co-teaching English Learners in One Elementary School in Transition. 4:1. pp 1-13 Available at: https://stars.library.ucf.edu/tapestry/vol4/iss1/2 Richards, J. (2008). Teaching listening and speaking: From theory to practice. From Cambridge University Press Sitio web: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/255634567_Teaching_Listening_and_Speaking_From_Theory_to_Practice Reille, V. Ward, S (2003). Very Young Learners. Resource Books for Teachers. Oxford Rowley, J (2002). Management Research News. Volume 25 Number 1 Scott, A & Ytreberg, L (Sin fecha). Teaching English to Children. Longman Available at: https://archive.org/details/6940128TeachingEnglishToChildren1/mode/2up Schraw, G & Olafson, L (2015). Assessing teachers’ beliefs. Challenges and solutions. University of Nevada, Las Vegas. p 87- 105 Szpotowicz, M ( 2012). Researching Oral Production Skills of Young Learners. Center for Educational Policy Studies Journal, v2 n3 p141-166 Available at: https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1130192.pdf The National Science Foundation. (2015). The 2002 User-Friendly Handbook for Project Evaluation. United States: Scholar's Choice.Available at: https://www.nsf.gov/pubs/2002/nsf02057/nsf02057.pdf Vermeersch L & Vandenbroucke A. (2015) Kids, take a look at this! Visual Literacy Skills in the School Curriculum. Journal of Visual Literacy, Volume 34, # 1 Wilkins, D.A. (1972). Grammatical, Situational and Notional Syllabuses. From ERIC’s Web site: https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED136549 Yin, R. (1984). Case Study Research: Design and Methods. Beverly Hills, Calif: Sage Publications. Zaidah, Z (2007). Case study as a research method. Jurnal Kemanusiaan bil.9 |
| dc.rights.coar.fl_str_mv |
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2 |
| dc.rights.uri.none.fl_str_mv |
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ |
| dc.rights.access.spa.fl_str_mv |
Acceso abierto |
| dc.rights.creativecommons.none.fl_str_mv |
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International |
| rights_invalid_str_mv |
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ Acceso abierto Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2 |
| dc.format.spa.fl_str_mv |
PDF |
| dc.format.mimetype.spa.fl_str_mv |
application/pdf |
| dc.coverage.spatial.spa.fl_str_mv |
Chía, Cundinamarca |
| dc.coverage.temporal.spa.fl_str_mv |
2019-2020 |
| dc.publisher.spa.fl_str_mv |
Universidad Pedagógica Nacional |
| dc.publisher.program.spa.fl_str_mv |
Licenciatura en Español y Lenguas Extranjeras |
| dc.publisher.faculty.spa.fl_str_mv |
Facultad de Humanidades |
| dc.source.spa.fl_str_mv |
reponame:Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad Pedagógica Nacional instname:Universidad Pedagógica Nacional |
| instname_str |
Universidad Pedagógica Nacional |
| institution |
Universidad Pedagógica Nacional |
| reponame_str |
Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad Pedagógica Nacional |
| collection |
Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad Pedagógica Nacional |
| bitstream.url.fl_str_mv |
http://repository.pedagogica.edu.co/bitstream/20.500.12209/12663/5/Co-teaching%2c%20preschool%20teachers%27%20insights.pdf.jpg http://repository.pedagogica.edu.co/bitstream/20.500.12209/12663/3/license.txt http://repository.pedagogica.edu.co/bitstream/20.500.12209/12663/4/Licencia%20de%20uso.pdf http://repository.pedagogica.edu.co/bitstream/20.500.12209/12663/1/Co-teaching%2c%20preschool%20teachers%27%20insights.pdf |
| bitstream.checksum.fl_str_mv |
bad2025c2ef144cd0bfa836529e798d5 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 0c55faeed0c7f950995662ae776103af 9389006df40e177fa4e7f6acb72d57a1 |
| bitstream.checksumAlgorithm.fl_str_mv |
MD5 MD5 MD5 MD5 |
| repository.name.fl_str_mv |
Repositorio Institucional Universidad Pedagógica Nacional |
| repository.mail.fl_str_mv |
repositorio@pedagogica.edu.co |
| _version_ |
1808399894318153728 |
| spelling |
Montaño Moreno, JohannaLópez Rozo, Diana MarcelaChía, Cundinamarca2019-20202020-12-18T01:42:58Z2020-12-18T01:42:58Z2020http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12209/12663instname:Universidad Pedagógica Nacionalinstname:Universidad Pedagógica Nacionalreponame: Repositorio Institucional UPNrepourl: http://repositorio.pedagogica.edu.co/Submitted by Diana Marcela López Rozo (del_dmlopezr338@pedagogica.edu.co) on 2020-12-10T15:18:49Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Co-teaching, preschool teachers' insights.pdf: 3382579 bytes, checksum: 9389006df40e177fa4e7f6acb72d57a1 (MD5) Licencia de uso.pdf: 702403 bytes, checksum: 0c55faeed0c7f950995662ae776103af (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Biblioteca UPN (repositoriobiblioteca@pedagogica.edu.co) on 2020-12-11T23:50:40Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Co-teaching, preschool teachers' insights.pdf: 3382579 bytes, checksum: 9389006df40e177fa4e7f6acb72d57a1 (MD5) Licencia de uso.pdf: 702403 bytes, checksum: 0c55faeed0c7f950995662ae776103af (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Maria Emilia ROJAS PINZÓN (merojas@pedagogica.edu.co) on 2020-12-18T01:42:58Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Co-teaching, preschool teachers' insights.pdf: 3382579 bytes, checksum: 9389006df40e177fa4e7f6acb72d57a1 (MD5) Licencia de uso.pdf: 702403 bytes, checksum: 0c55faeed0c7f950995662ae776103af (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2020-12-18T01:42:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Co-teaching, preschool teachers' insights.pdf: 3382579 bytes, checksum: 9389006df40e177fa4e7f6acb72d57a1 (MD5) Licencia de uso.pdf: 702403 bytes, checksum: 0c55faeed0c7f950995662ae776103af (MD5) Previous issue date: 2020Universidad Pedagógica NacionalInstitución Educativa Laura VicuñaLicenciado en Español y Lenguas ExtranjerasTesis de pregradoThis explanatory case study proposed an in-depth description of EFL co-teaching practice at the Laura Vicuña’s institution preschool grades through the self-contained teachers’ insights. The qualitative research was carried out with 2 participants groups: 2 preschool teachers and children from Transition 1 and Transition 2 of this public school in which they developed 2 different instructional designs assigned in three progressive cycles to face kids’ lack of previous exposure to the English language and teachers’ absence of support and training related to EFL teaching in very young learners. Therefore, this study’s process was supported by co-teaching theory, preschool education considerations, children’s comprehensive learning, and visual literacy in EFL focused on very young learners. Thereon the notebooks for kids and teachers were created and also, the audiovisual material was produced. Subsequently, co-teaching provided supportive relationships among educators during the pedagogical intervention in which knowledge, experience, and collaboration encouraged and allowed self-contained teachers to enhance their language proficiency level as well as their EFL teaching practice.PDFapplication/pdfengUniversidad Pedagógica NacionalLicenciatura en Español y Lenguas ExtranjerasFacultad de Humanidadeshttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/Acceso abiertoAttribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internationalhttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2reponame:Repositorio Institucional de la Universidad Pedagógica Nacionalinstname:Universidad Pedagógica NacionalCo-teachingEFL teaching practiceVery young learnersCo-teachingSelf - Contained teachersEFL teaching practiceVery young learnersCo-teaching: preschool teachers' insights about the EFL co-acting practice.info:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesisTesis/Trabajo de grado - Monografía – Pregradohttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_7a1finfo:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesisinfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersionAlmutairi, M., Shukri, N. (2016). Using Songs in Teaching Oral Skills to Young Learners: Teachers’ Views and Attitudes. International Journal of Linguistics, 8, pp. 133-153.Brendle, J, Lock, R, Piazza, K. (2017). A Study of Co-Teaching Identifying Effective Implementation Strategies. International Journal of Special Education, v32 n3 p538-550 Available at: https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ1184155Burns, A. (2010). Doing action research in English language teaching: a guide for practitioners. New York: Taylor & Francis Ltd.Cook, L. (2004). Co-Teaching: Principles, Practices, and Pragmatics. From ERIC’s Web Site: https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED486454Cook, L., Friend, M., Hurley, D., Shamberger, C (2010). Co-Teaching: An Illustration of the Complexity of Collaboration in Special Education. Journal of Educational and Psychological Consultation,20, pp. 9–27Cope, D (2014). The use of triangulation in qualitative research. In Oncology nursing forum (Vol. 41, No. 5, p. 545).Damar, A., Gürsoy, E., & Korkmaz, Ç. (2014). Teaching English to young learners: Through the eyes of EFL teacher trainers. ELT Research Journal, 2 p. 95-110.Debes, J & Fransecky, R.(1972) Visual Literacy: A Way to Learn-A Way to Teach. Association for Educational Communications and Technology, Washington, D.C. From ERIC’s Web Site: https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED064884.pdfDuque C (2012). Los roles de las maestras participantes de las clases de team teaching (enseñanza conjunta) en un proyecto de formación bilingüe. Corporación Universitaria Lasallista. Medellín, Colombia. Availiable at: http://repository.lasallista.edu.co/dspace/bitstream/10567/648/1/Roles_maestras_team_teaching.pdfFuenteAlba, L. Philominraj,A. Andrew P. Ramirez-Muñoz, B & Quinteros, N. (2019) Inglés para preescolares: una tarea pendiente en la formación inicial docente. Información tecnológica, 30 p. 249-256.Hatch, J. (2002). Doing qualitative research in education settings. New York: State University of New York Press, Albany.Hymes, D. (1972). Acerca de la competencia comunicativa. FORMA Y FUNCIÓN , Translation by: Juan Gómez (1996) 9, pp. 13-37.Ikhfi, I., Nargis, N. (2017). Teaching English For Young Learners. Indonesia: FKIP UMT Press.Knud, I (2003).Towards a contemporary and comprehensive theory of learning. International Journal of Lifelong Education , 22: 4. pp. 396-406. Taylor & Francis Ltd.Lisboa,J, Maldonado J. (2018) Qualitative Research: Emic-Etic Approach. Revista Cubana de Investigaciones Biomédicas. 2018;37(4)Nuriye V. Falih Y. (2015). Teaching English to Very Young Learners. Procedia-social and behavioral Sciences 197 p.19-22Martinez, L (2015) Developing Teachers' Social and Emotional Skills. Edutopia. Available at:https://www.edutopia.org/blog/developing-teachers-social-emotional-skills-lorea-martinezMinisterio de Educación Nacional (2016). Pedagogical Principles and Guidelines Suggested English Curriculum. Available at: http://aprende.colombiaaprende.edu.co/sites/default/files/naspublic/colombiabilingue/dbacMinisterio de Educación Nacional-a-(2017). Bases curriculares para la educación inicial y preescolar. Colombia Aprende. Bogotá, Colombia.Ministerio de Educación Nacional-b- (2016). Pedagogical Principles and Guidelines Suggested English Curriculum. Availiable at: http://aprende.colombiaaprende.edu.co/sites/default/files/naspublic/colombiabilingue/dbacurriculo/cartilla_orientaciones_docentes/Pedagogical%20Principles%20and%20Guidelines.pdfMinisterio de Educación Nacional (2016). Basic Learning Rights. Available at: http://aprende.colombiaaprende.edu.co/sites/default/files/naspublic/colombiabilingue/dbacurriculo/cartilla_dba/Basic%20Learning%20Rights%20-%20Tr%20y%20Primaria.pdfPappamihiel, N. Eleni (2012) Benefits and Challenges of Co-teaching English Learners in One Elementary School in Transition. 4:1. pp 1-13 Available at: https://stars.library.ucf.edu/tapestry/vol4/iss1/2Richards, J. (2008). Teaching listening and speaking: From theory to practice. From Cambridge University Press Sitio web: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/255634567_Teaching_Listening_and_Speaking_From_Theory_to_PracticeReille, V. Ward, S (2003). Very Young Learners. Resource Books for Teachers. OxfordRowley, J (2002). Management Research News. Volume 25 Number 1Scott, A & Ytreberg, L (Sin fecha). Teaching English to Children. Longman Available at: https://archive.org/details/6940128TeachingEnglishToChildren1/mode/2upSchraw, G & Olafson, L (2015). Assessing teachers’ beliefs. Challenges and solutions. University of Nevada, Las Vegas. p 87- 105Szpotowicz, M ( 2012). Researching Oral Production Skills of Young Learners. Center for Educational Policy Studies Journal, v2 n3 p141-166 Available at: https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1130192.pdfThe National Science Foundation. (2015). The 2002 User-Friendly Handbook for Project Evaluation. United States: Scholar's Choice.Available at: https://www.nsf.gov/pubs/2002/nsf02057/nsf02057.pdfVermeersch L & Vandenbroucke A. (2015) Kids, take a look at this! Visual Literacy Skills in the School Curriculum. Journal of Visual Literacy, Volume 34, # 1Wilkins, D.A. (1972). Grammatical, Situational and Notional Syllabuses. From ERIC’s Web site: https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED136549Yin, R. (1984). Case Study Research: Design and Methods. Beverly Hills, Calif: Sage Publications.Zaidah, Z (2007). Case study as a research method. Jurnal Kemanusiaan bil.9THUMBNAILCo-teaching, preschool teachers' insights.pdf.jpgCo-teaching, preschool teachers' insights.pdf.jpgIM Thumbnailimage/jpeg18327http://repository.pedagogica.edu.co/bitstream/20.500.12209/12663/5/Co-teaching%2c%20preschool%20teachers%27%20insights.pdf.jpgbad2025c2ef144cd0bfa836529e798d5MD55LICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-81748http://repository.pedagogica.edu.co/bitstream/20.500.12209/12663/3/license.txt8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33MD53Licencia de uso.pdfLicencia de uso.pdfapplication/pdf702403http://repository.pedagogica.edu.co/bitstream/20.500.12209/12663/4/Licencia%20de%20uso.pdf0c55faeed0c7f950995662ae776103afMD54ORIGINALCo-teaching, preschool teachers' insights.pdfCo-teaching, preschool teachers' insights.pdfapplication/pdf3382579http://repository.pedagogica.edu.co/bitstream/20.500.12209/12663/1/Co-teaching%2c%20preschool%20teachers%27%20insights.pdf9389006df40e177fa4e7f6acb72d57a1MD5120.500.12209/12663oai:repository.pedagogica.edu.co:20.500.12209/126632023-08-31 11:38:19.07Repositorio Institucional Universidad Pedagógica Nacionalrepositorio@pedagogica.edu.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 |