A critical and comprehensive review of the current status of 17β-estradiol hormone remediation through adsorption technology

Even at low concentrations, steroid hormones pose a significant threat to ecosystem health and are classified as micropollutants. Among these, 17β-estradiol (molecular formula: C18H24O2; pKa = 10.46; Log Kow = 4.01; solubility in water = 3.90 mg L−1 at 27 °C; molecular weight: 272.4 g mol−1) is exte...