Multinationals’ recruiting in industrial districts
This paper explains how multinationals source specific tacit and sticky technical knowledge in industrial districts through recruiting. Focusing on the location of the textile-dedicated company ZARA in a footwear-dedicated Marshallian industrial district, we study its recruiting strategy using mixed...
- Autores:
-
HERVAS-OLIVER, JOSE LUIS
Belso-Martinez, José A.
Díez-Vial, Isabel
- Tipo de recurso:
- Article of investigation
- Fecha de publicación:
- 2021
- Institución:
- Corporación Universidad de la Costa
- Repositorio:
- REDICUC - Repositorio CUC
- Idioma:
- eng
- OAI Identifier:
- oai:repositorio.cuc.edu.co:11323/9533
- Acceso en línea:
- https://hdl.handle.net/11323/9533
https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/
- Palabra clave:
- Multinational enterprises
Marshallian industrial district
Tacit knowledge
Recruiting
Footwear
- Rights
- embargoedAccess
- License
- Atribución-NoComercial 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC 4.0)
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dc.title.eng.fl_str_mv |
Multinationals’ recruiting in industrial districts |
title |
Multinationals’ recruiting in industrial districts |
spellingShingle |
Multinationals’ recruiting in industrial districts Multinational enterprises Marshallian industrial district Tacit knowledge Recruiting Footwear |
title_short |
Multinationals’ recruiting in industrial districts |
title_full |
Multinationals’ recruiting in industrial districts |
title_fullStr |
Multinationals’ recruiting in industrial districts |
title_full_unstemmed |
Multinationals’ recruiting in industrial districts |
title_sort |
Multinationals’ recruiting in industrial districts |
dc.creator.fl_str_mv |
HERVAS-OLIVER, JOSE LUIS Belso-Martinez, José A. Díez-Vial, Isabel |
dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv |
HERVAS-OLIVER, JOSE LUIS Belso-Martinez, José A. Díez-Vial, Isabel |
dc.subject.proposal.eng.fl_str_mv |
Multinational enterprises Marshallian industrial district Tacit knowledge Recruiting Footwear |
topic |
Multinational enterprises Marshallian industrial district Tacit knowledge Recruiting Footwear |
description |
This paper explains how multinationals source specific tacit and sticky technical knowledge in industrial districts through recruiting. Focusing on the location of the textile-dedicated company ZARA in a footwear-dedicated Marshallian industrial district, we study its recruiting strategy using mixed methods. ZARA recruits district footwear expertise by seeking primarily local workers with strong relational ties and intensive tacit knowledge originating from the best footwear-dedicated local firms that master knowledge on operations and expertise on managing local networks of subcontractors. Good local firms involuntarily benefit newcomer multinationals. The net effect on the district is the result of the tension between poaching and embeddedness and anchoring effects. |
publishDate |
2021 |
dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv |
2021-10-04 |
dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv |
2022-09-28T12:37:01Z |
dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv |
2022-09-28T12:37:01Z 2023-04-04 |
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Artículo de revista |
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Jose-Luis Hervas-Oliver, Jose Antonio Belso-Martínez & Isabel Díez-Vial (2022) Multinationals’ recruiting in industrial districts, Regional Studies, 56:8, 1320-1332, DOI: 10.1080/00343404.2021.1967921 |
dc.identifier.issn.spa.fl_str_mv |
0034-3404 |
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https://hdl.handle.net/11323/9533 |
dc.identifier.doi.none.fl_str_mv |
10.1080/00343404.2021.1967921 |
dc.identifier.eissn.spa.fl_str_mv |
1360-0591 |
dc.identifier.instname.spa.fl_str_mv |
Corporación Universidad de la Costa |
dc.identifier.reponame.spa.fl_str_mv |
REDICUC - Repositorio CUC |
dc.identifier.repourl.spa.fl_str_mv |
https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/ |
identifier_str_mv |
Jose-Luis Hervas-Oliver, Jose Antonio Belso-Martínez & Isabel Díez-Vial (2022) Multinationals’ recruiting in industrial districts, Regional Studies, 56:8, 1320-1332, DOI: 10.1080/00343404.2021.1967921 0034-3404 10.1080/00343404.2021.1967921 1360-0591 Corporación Universidad de la Costa REDICUC - Repositorio CUC |
url |
https://hdl.handle.net/11323/9533 https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/ |
dc.language.iso.spa.fl_str_mv |
eng |
language |
eng |
dc.relation.ispartofjournal.spa.fl_str_mv |
Regional Studies |
dc.relation.references.spa.fl_str_mv |
Agndal, H., Chetty, S. K., & Wilson, H. (2008). Social capital dynamics and foreign market entry. International Business Review, 17(6), 663–675. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibusrev.2008.09.006 Almeida, P., & Kogut, B. (1999). Localization of knowledge and the mobility of engineers in regional networks. Management Science, 45(7), 905–917. https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.45.7.905 Almeida, R. (2007). The labor market effects of foreign owned firms. Journal of International Economics, 72(3), 75–96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinteco.2006.10.001 Angeli, F., Grandi, A., & Grimaldi, R. (2014). Directions and paths of knowledge flows through labour mobility: A social capital perspective. Regional Studies, 48(11), 1896–1917. https://doi.org/10.1080/00343404.2012.756579 Becattini, G. (1979). Dal settore industriale al distretto industriale. Alcune considerazioni sull'unità d'indagine dell'economia industriale. Rivista di economia e politica industriale, 5(1), 7–21. Becattini, G. (1990). The Marshallian industrial district as a socio-economic notion. In F. Pyke, G. Becattini, & W. Sengenberger (Eds.), Industrial districts and local economic regeneration (pp. 37–51). International Institute for Labor Studies. Becattini, G. (1991). Industrial districts: Problems and perspectives. International Studies of Management & Organization, 21(1), 83–90. https://doi.org/10.1080/00208825.1991.11656551 Bellandi, M. (1989). The industrial district in Marshall. In E. Goodman, J. Bamford, & P. Saynor (Eds.), Small firms and industrial districts in Italy (pp. 136–152). Routledge Library Editions. Bellandi, M. (2001). Local development and embedded large firms. Entrepreneurship and Regional Development, 13(3), 189–210. https://doi.org/10.1080/08985620110051103 Bellandi, M., & De Propris, L. (2015). Three generations of industrial districts. Investigaciones Regionales – Journal of Regional Research, 32, 75–87. Bellandi, M., De Propris, L., & Santini, E. (2019). An evolutionary analysis of industrial districts: The changing multiplicity of production know-how nuclei. Cambridge Journal of Economics, 43(1), 187–204. https://doi.org/10.1093/cje/bey012 Belso-Martínez, J., López-Sanchez, M., & Mateu-Garcia, R. (2018). New MNE subsidiaries in old clusters: When, why, and how. Review of Managerial Science, 12(2), 441–467. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11846-017-0268-6 Belso-Martínez, J., López Sánchez, M., & Pérez Martín, A. (2015). Inditex y el cluster del Vinalopó: ¿Una relación simbiótica sostenible en el tiempo? Economía industrial, 397, 155–167. Belso-Martinez, J. A. (2006). Do industrial districts influence export performance and export intensity? Evidence for Spanish SMEs’ internationalization process. European Planning Studies, 14(6), 791–810. https://doi.org/10.1080/09654310500496115 Belussi, F. (2018). New perspectives on the evolution of clusters. European Planning Studies, 26(9), 1796–1814. https://doi.org/10.1080/09654313.2018.1492059 Belussi, F., & Hervás-Oliver, J.-L. (2016). Unfolding cluster evolution. Routledge. Boschma, R. A., Eriksson, R., & Lindgren, U. (2009). How does labour mobility affect the performance of plants? The importance of relatedness and geographical proximity. Journal of Economic Geography, 9(2), 169–190. https://doi.org/10.1093/jeg/lbn041 Brusco, S. (1982). The Emilian model: Productive decentralisation and social integration. Cambridge Journal of Economics, 6(2), 167–184. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.cje.a035506 Cantwell, J., & Mudambi, R. (2005). MNE competence-creating subsidiary mandates. Strategic Management Journal, 26(12), 1109–1128. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.497 Cohen, W. M., & Levinthal, D. A. (1990). Absorptive capacity: A new perspective on learning and innovation. Administrative Science Quarterly, 35(1), 128–152. https://doi.org/10.2307/2393553 Combes, P. P., & Duranton, G. (2006). Labour pooling, labour poaching, and spatial clustering. Regional Science and Urban Economics, 36(1), 1–28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.regsciurbeco.2005.06.003 Cooper, D. P. (2001). Innovation and reciprocal externalities: Information transmission via job mobility. Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 45(4), 403–425. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-2681(01)00154-8 De Propris, L., & Crevoisier, O. (2011). From regional anchors to anchoring. In D. S. and F, T. P. Cooke, B. Asheim, R. Boschma, & R. Martin (Eds.), Handbook of regional innovation and growth (pp. 167–177). Edward Elgar. De Propris, L., & Driffield, N. (2006). The importance of clusters for spillovers from foreign direct investment and technology sourcing. Cambridge Journal of Economics, 30(2), 277–291. https://doi.org/10.1093/cje/bei059 De Propris, L., Menghinello, S., & Sugden, R. (2008). The internationalisation of production systems: Embeddedness, openness and governance. Entrepreneurship and Regional Development, 20(6), 493–515. https://doi.org/10.1080/08985620802462074 Feldman, M. (2003). The locational dynamics of the US biotech industry: Knowledge externalities and the anchor hypothesis. Industry and Innovation, 10(3), 311–329. https://doi.org/10.1080/1366271032000141661 Feldman, M., Kenney, M., & Lissoni, F. (2015). The New data frontier: Special issue of research policy. Research Policy, 44(9), 1629–1632. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2015.02.007 Feldman, M., & Lowe, N. (2015). Triangulating regional economies: Realizing the promise of digital data. Research Policy, 44(9), 1785–1793. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2015.01.015 Hervás-Oliver, J. L. (2015). How do multinational enterprises co-locate in industrial districts? An introduction to the integration of alternative explanations from international business and economic geography literatures. Investigaciones Regionales, 32, 115–132. Hervas-Oliver, J. L. (2021b). Industry 4.0 in industrial districts: Regional innovation policy for the Toy Valley district in Spain. Regional Studies. https://doi.org/10.1080/00343404.2021.1939861 Hervás-Oliver, J.-L., & Albors-Garrigos, J. (2014). Are technology gatekeepers renewing clusters? Understanding gatekeepers and their dynamics across cluster life cycles. Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, 26(5–6), 431–452. https://doi.org/10.1080/08985626.2014.933489 Hervás-Oliver, J.-L., & Boix-Domenech, R. (2013). The economic geography of the meso-global spaces: Integrating multinationals and clusters at the local–global level. European Planning Studies, 21(7), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1080/09654313.2013.733853 Hervás-Oliver, J.-L., Lleo, M., & Cervello, R. (2017). The dynamics of cluster entrepreneurship: Knowledge legacy from parents or agglomeration effects? The case of the Castellon ceramic tile district. Research Policy, 46(1), 73–92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2016.10.006 Hervás-Oliver, J. L., Parrilli, M. D., Rodríguez-Pose, A., & Sempere-Ripoll, F. (2021a). The drivers of SME innovation in the regions of the EU. Research Policy, 50(9), article 104316. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2021.104316 Klepper, S. (2007). Disagreements, spinoffs, and the evolution of Detroit as the capital of the U.S. automobile industry. Management Science, 53(4), 616–631. https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.1060.0683 Lorenzoni, G., & Lipparini, A. (1999). The leveraging of interfirm relationships as a distinctive organizational capability: A longitudinal study. Strategic Management Journal, 20(4), 317–338. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-0266(199904)20:4<317::AID-SMJ28>3.0.CO;2-3 Mariotti, S., Piscitello, L., & Elia, S. (2014). Local externalities and ownership choices in foreign acquisitions by multinational enterprises. Economic Geography, 90(2), 187–211. https://doi.org/10.1111/ecge.12039 Menghinello, S., De Propris, L., & Driffield, N. (2010). Industrial districts, inward foreign investment and regional development. Journal of Economic Geography, 10(4), 539–558. https://doi.org/10.1093/jeg/lbq012 Meyer, K. E., & Estrin, S. (2001). Brownfield entry in emerging markets. Journal of International Business Studies, 32(3), 575–584. https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8490985 Nachum, L., & Keeble, D. (2003). Neo-Marshallian clusters and global networks: The linkages of media firms in central London. Long Range Planning, 36(5), 459–480. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0024-6301(03)00114-6 Østergaard, C. R., & Park, E. (2015). What makes clusters decline? A study on disruption and evolution of a high-tech cluster in Denmark. Regional Studies, 49(5), 834–849. https://doi.org/10.1080/00343404.2015.1015975 Phelps, N. A., & Fuller, C. (2016). Inertia and change in multinational enterprise subsidiary capabilities: An evolutionary economic geography framework. Journal of Economic Geography, 16(1), 109–130. https://doi.org/10.1093/jeg/lbv002 Piore, M. J., & Sabel, C. F. (1984). The second industrial divide: Possibilities for prosperity. Basic Books. Rugman, A. M., Nguyen, Q. T., & Wei, Z. (2016). Rethinking the literature on the performance of Chinese multinational enterprises. Management and Organization Review, 12(1), 269–302. https://doi.org/10.1017/mor.2016.13 Saxenian, A. (1994). Regional advantage: Culture and competition in silicon valley and route 128. Harvard University Press. Scott, A. J. (1992). The collective order of flexible production agglomerations: Lessons for local economic development policy and strategic choice. Economic Geography, 68(3), 219–233. https://doi.org/10.2307/144183 Singh, J. (2005). Collaborative networks as determinants of knowledge diffusion patterns. Management Science, 51(5), 756–770. https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.1040.0349 Slangen, A., & Hennart, J. F. (2007). Greenfield or acquisition entry: A review of the empirical foreign establishment mode literature. Journal of International Management, 13(4), 403–429. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intman.2007.08.001 |
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Atribución-NoComercial 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC 4.0)Copyright © 2022 Informa UK Limitedhttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/embargoedAccesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_f1cfHERVAS-OLIVER, JOSE LUISBelso-Martinez, José A.Díez-Vial, Isabel2022-09-28T12:37:01Z2023-04-042022-09-28T12:37:01Z2021-10-04Jose-Luis Hervas-Oliver, Jose Antonio Belso-Martínez & Isabel Díez-Vial (2022) Multinationals’ recruiting in industrial districts, Regional Studies, 56:8, 1320-1332, DOI: 10.1080/00343404.2021.19679210034-3404https://hdl.handle.net/11323/953310.1080/00343404.2021.19679211360-0591Corporación Universidad de la CostaREDICUC - Repositorio CUChttps://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/This paper explains how multinationals source specific tacit and sticky technical knowledge in industrial districts through recruiting. Focusing on the location of the textile-dedicated company ZARA in a footwear-dedicated Marshallian industrial district, we study its recruiting strategy using mixed methods. ZARA recruits district footwear expertise by seeking primarily local workers with strong relational ties and intensive tacit knowledge originating from the best footwear-dedicated local firms that master knowledge on operations and expertise on managing local networks of subcontractors. Good local firms involuntarily benefit newcomer multinationals. The net effect on the district is the result of the tension between poaching and embeddedness and anchoring effects.1 páginaapplication/pdfengRoutledgeUnited Kingdomhttps://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00343404.2021.1967921?journalCode=cres20Multinationals’ recruiting in industrial districtsArtículo de revistahttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1Textinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/ARTinfo:eu-repo/semantics/drafthttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_b1a7d7d4d402bcceRegional StudiesAgndal, H., Chetty, S. K., & Wilson, H. (2008). Social capital dynamics and foreign market entry. International Business Review, 17(6), 663–675. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibusrev.2008.09.006Almeida, P., & Kogut, B. (1999). Localization of knowledge and the mobility of engineers in regional networks. Management Science, 45(7), 905–917. https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.45.7.905Almeida, R. (2007). The labor market effects of foreign owned firms. Journal of International Economics, 72(3), 75–96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinteco.2006.10.001Angeli, F., Grandi, A., & Grimaldi, R. (2014). Directions and paths of knowledge flows through labour mobility: A social capital perspective. Regional Studies, 48(11), 1896–1917. https://doi.org/10.1080/00343404.2012.756579Becattini, G. (1979). Dal settore industriale al distretto industriale. Alcune considerazioni sull'unità d'indagine dell'economia industriale. Rivista di economia e politica industriale, 5(1), 7–21.Becattini, G. (1990). The Marshallian industrial district as a socio-economic notion. In F. Pyke, G. Becattini, & W. Sengenberger (Eds.), Industrial districts and local economic regeneration (pp. 37–51). International Institute for Labor Studies.Becattini, G. (1991). Industrial districts: Problems and perspectives. International Studies of Management & Organization, 21(1), 83–90. https://doi.org/10.1080/00208825.1991.11656551Bellandi, M. (1989). The industrial district in Marshall. In E. Goodman, J. Bamford, & P. Saynor (Eds.), Small firms and industrial districts in Italy (pp. 136–152). Routledge Library Editions.Bellandi, M. (2001). Local development and embedded large firms. Entrepreneurship and Regional Development, 13(3), 189–210. https://doi.org/10.1080/08985620110051103Bellandi, M., & De Propris, L. (2015). Three generations of industrial districts. Investigaciones Regionales – Journal of Regional Research, 32, 75–87.Bellandi, M., De Propris, L., & Santini, E. (2019). An evolutionary analysis of industrial districts: The changing multiplicity of production know-how nuclei. Cambridge Journal of Economics, 43(1), 187–204. https://doi.org/10.1093/cje/bey012Belso-Martínez, J., López-Sanchez, M., & Mateu-Garcia, R. (2018). New MNE subsidiaries in old clusters: When, why, and how. Review of Managerial Science, 12(2), 441–467. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11846-017-0268-6Belso-Martínez, J., López Sánchez, M., & Pérez Martín, A. (2015). Inditex y el cluster del Vinalopó: ¿Una relación simbiótica sostenible en el tiempo? Economía industrial, 397, 155–167.Belso-Martinez, J. A. (2006). Do industrial districts influence export performance and export intensity? Evidence for Spanish SMEs’ internationalization process. European Planning Studies, 14(6), 791–810. https://doi.org/10.1080/09654310500496115Belussi, F. (2018). New perspectives on the evolution of clusters. European Planning Studies, 26(9), 1796–1814. https://doi.org/10.1080/09654313.2018.1492059Belussi, F., & Hervás-Oliver, J.-L. (2016). Unfolding cluster evolution. Routledge.Boschma, R. A., Eriksson, R., & Lindgren, U. (2009). How does labour mobility affect the performance of plants? The importance of relatedness and geographical proximity. Journal of Economic Geography, 9(2), 169–190. https://doi.org/10.1093/jeg/lbn041Brusco, S. (1982). The Emilian model: Productive decentralisation and social integration. Cambridge Journal of Economics, 6(2), 167–184. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.cje.a035506Cantwell, J., & Mudambi, R. (2005). MNE competence-creating subsidiary mandates. Strategic Management Journal, 26(12), 1109–1128. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.497Cohen, W. M., & Levinthal, D. A. (1990). Absorptive capacity: A new perspective on learning and innovation. Administrative Science Quarterly, 35(1), 128–152. https://doi.org/10.2307/2393553Combes, P. P., & Duranton, G. (2006). Labour pooling, labour poaching, and spatial clustering. Regional Science and Urban Economics, 36(1), 1–28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.regsciurbeco.2005.06.003Cooper, D. P. (2001). Innovation and reciprocal externalities: Information transmission via job mobility. Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization, 45(4), 403–425. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-2681(01)00154-8De Propris, L., & Crevoisier, O. (2011). From regional anchors to anchoring. In D. S. and F, T. P. Cooke, B. Asheim, R. Boschma, & R. Martin (Eds.), Handbook of regional innovation and growth (pp. 167–177). Edward Elgar.De Propris, L., & Driffield, N. (2006). The importance of clusters for spillovers from foreign direct investment and technology sourcing. Cambridge Journal of Economics, 30(2), 277–291. https://doi.org/10.1093/cje/bei059De Propris, L., Menghinello, S., & Sugden, R. (2008). The internationalisation of production systems: Embeddedness, openness and governance. Entrepreneurship and Regional Development, 20(6), 493–515. https://doi.org/10.1080/08985620802462074Feldman, M. (2003). The locational dynamics of the US biotech industry: Knowledge externalities and the anchor hypothesis. Industry and Innovation, 10(3), 311–329. https://doi.org/10.1080/1366271032000141661Feldman, M., Kenney, M., & Lissoni, F. (2015). The New data frontier: Special issue of research policy. Research Policy, 44(9), 1629–1632. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2015.02.007Feldman, M., & Lowe, N. (2015). Triangulating regional economies: Realizing the promise of digital data. Research Policy, 44(9), 1785–1793. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2015.01.015Hervás-Oliver, J. L. (2015). How do multinational enterprises co-locate in industrial districts? An introduction to the integration of alternative explanations from international business and economic geography literatures. Investigaciones Regionales, 32, 115–132.Hervas-Oliver, J. L. (2021b). Industry 4.0 in industrial districts: Regional innovation policy for the Toy Valley district in Spain. Regional Studies. https://doi.org/10.1080/00343404.2021.1939861Hervás-Oliver, J.-L., & Albors-Garrigos, J. (2014). Are technology gatekeepers renewing clusters? Understanding gatekeepers and their dynamics across cluster life cycles. Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, 26(5–6), 431–452. https://doi.org/10.1080/08985626.2014.933489Hervás-Oliver, J.-L., & Boix-Domenech, R. (2013). 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Journal of International Management, 13(4), 403–429. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intman.2007.08.001856Multinational enterprisesMarshallian industrial districtTacit knowledgeRecruitingFootwearPublicationORIGINALMultinationals’ recruiting in industrial districts.pdfMultinationals’ recruiting in industrial districts.pdfArtículoapplication/pdf48092https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/6d39162d-fc99-48ed-83ab-ad95e7d729ad/downloada008b8c0bb8131335ac275fc157e05dcMD51LICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-814828https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/f67b8263-6999-49c5-8682-fa7d1bb77ccd/download2f9959eaf5b71fae44bbf9ec84150c7aMD52TEXTMultinationals’ recruiting in industrial districts.pdf.txtMultinationals’ recruiting in industrial districts.pdf.txtExtracted texttext/plain1042https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/37efe4f4-565f-41bd-9ce5-96e233fcf0ba/download25eaaf697fbc7b06346b8dd7b6b2c1c0MD53THUMBNAILMultinationals’ recruiting in industrial districts.pdf.jpgMultinationals’ recruiting in industrial districts.pdf.jpgGenerated Thumbnailimage/jpeg10231https://repositorio.cuc.edu.co/bitstreams/7f09d83b-4da0-4f86-b9a4-5ef96df55cbd/downloadec9a380420eec55e300f169927ffd76eMD5411323/9533oai:repositorio.cuc.edu.co:11323/95332024-09-17 10:51:53.498https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/Copyright © 2022 Informa UK Limitedopen.accesshttps://repositorio.cuc.edu.coRepositorio de la Universidad de la Costa 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ada en las Obras Colectivas.

b.	Distribuir copias o fonogramas de las Obras, exhibirlas públicamente, ejecutarlas públicamente y/o ponerlas a disposición pública, incluyéndolas como incorporadas en Obras Colectivas, según corresponda.

c.	Distribuir copias de las Obras Derivadas que se generen, exhibirlas públicamente, ejecutarlas públicamente y/o ponerlas a disposición pública.
Los derechos mencionados anteriormente pueden ser ejercidos en todos los medios y formatos, actualmente conocidos o que se inventen en el futuro. Los derechos antes mencionados incluyen el derecho a realizar dichas modificaciones en la medida que sean técnicamente necesarias para ejercer los derechos en otro medio o formatos, pero de otra manera usted no está autorizado para realizar obras derivadas. Todos los derechos no otorgados expresamente por el Licenciante quedan por este medio reservados, incluyendo pero sin limitarse a aquellos que se mencionan en las secciones 4(d) y 4(e).

4. Restricciones.
La licencia otorgada en la anterior Sección 3 está expresamente sujeta y limitada por las siguientes restricciones:

a.	Usted puede distribuir, exhibir públicamente, ejecutar públicamente, o poner a disposición pública la Obra sólo bajo las condiciones de esta Licencia, y Usted debe incluir una copia de esta licencia o del Identificador Universal de Recursos de la misma con cada copia de la Obra que distribuya, exhiba públicamente, ejecute públicamente o ponga a disposición pública. No es posible ofrecer o imponer ninguna condición sobre la Obra que altere o limite las condiciones de esta Licencia o el ejercicio de los derechos de los destinatarios otorgados en este documento. No es posible sublicenciar la Obra. Usted debe mantener intactos todos los avisos que hagan referencia a esta Licencia y a la cláusula de limitación de garantías. Usted no puede distribuir, exhibir públicamente, ejecutar públicamente, o poner a disposición pública la Obra con alguna medida tecnológica que controle el acceso o la utilización de ella de una forma que sea inconsistente con las condiciones de esta Licencia. Lo anterior se aplica a la Obra incorporada a una Obra Colectiva, pero esto no exige que la Obra Colectiva aparte de la obra misma quede sujeta a las condiciones de esta Licencia. Si Usted crea una Obra Colectiva, previo aviso de cualquier Licenciante debe, en la medida de lo posible, eliminar de la Obra Colectiva cualquier referencia a dicho Licenciante o al Autor Original, según lo solicitado por el Licenciante y conforme lo exige la cláusula 4(c).

b.	Usted no puede ejercer ninguno de los derechos que le han sido otorgados en la Sección 3 precedente de modo que estén principalmente destinados o directamente dirigidos a conseguir un provecho comercial o una compensación monetaria privada. El intercambio de la Obra por otras obras protegidas por derechos de autor, ya sea a través de un sistema para compartir archivos digitales (digital file-sharing) o de cualquier otra manera no será considerado como estar destinado principalmente o dirigido directamente a conseguir un provecho comercial o una compensación monetaria privada, siempre que no se realice un pago mediante una compensación monetaria en relación con el intercambio de obras protegidas por el derecho de autor.

c.	Si usted distribuye, exhibe públicamente, ejecuta públicamente o ejecuta públicamente en forma digital la Obra o cualquier Obra Derivada u Obra Colectiva, Usted debe mantener intacta toda la información de derecho de autor de la Obra y proporcionar, de forma razonable según el medio o manera que Usted esté utilizando: (i) el nombre del Autor Original si está provisto (o seudónimo, si fuere aplicable), y/o (ii) el nombre de la parte o las partes que el Autor Original y/o el Licenciante hubieren designado para la atribución (v.g., un instituto patrocinador, editorial, publicación) en la información de los derechos de autor del Licenciante, términos de servicios o de otras formas razonables; el título de la Obra si está provisto; en la medida de lo razonablemente factible y, si está provisto, el Identificador Uniforme de Recursos (Uniform Resource Identifier) que el Licenciante especifica para ser asociado con la Obra, salvo que tal URI no se refiera a la nota sobre los derechos de autor o a la información sobre el licenciamiento de la Obra; y en el caso de una Obra Derivada, atribuir el crédito identificando el uso de la Obra en la Obra Derivada (v.g., "Traducción Francesa de la Obra del Autor Original," o "Guión Cinematográfico basado en la Obra original del Autor Original"). Tal crédito puede ser implementado de cualquier forma razonable; en el caso, sin embargo, de Obras Derivadas u Obras Colectivas, tal crédito aparecerá, como mínimo, donde aparece el crédito de cualquier otro autor comparable y de una manera, al menos, tan destacada como el crédito de otro autor comparable.

d.	Para evitar toda confusión, el Licenciante aclara que, cuando la obra es una composición musical:

i.	Regalías por interpretación y ejecución bajo licencias generales. El Licenciante se reserva el derecho exclusivo de autorizar la ejecución pública o la ejecución pública digital de la obra y de recolectar, sea individualmente o a través de una sociedad de gestión colectiva de derechos de autor y derechos conexos (por ejemplo, SAYCO), las regalías por la ejecución pública o por la ejecución pública digital de la obra (por ejemplo Webcast) licenciada bajo licencias generales, si la interpretación o ejecución de la obra está primordialmente orientada por o dirigida a la obtención de una ventaja comercial o una compensación monetaria privada.

ii.	Regalías por Fonogramas. El Licenciante se reserva el derecho exclusivo de recolectar, individualmente o a través de una sociedad de gestión colectiva de derechos de autor y derechos conexos (por ejemplo, los consagrados por la SAYCO), una agencia de derechos musicales o algún agente designado, las regalías por cualquier fonograma que Usted cree a partir de la obra (“versión cover”) y distribuya, en los términos del régimen de derechos de autor, si la creación o distribución de esa versión cover está primordialmente destinada o dirigida a obtener una ventaja comercial o una compensación monetaria privada.

e.	Gestión de Derechos de Autor sobre Interpretaciones y Ejecuciones Digitales (WebCasting). Para evitar toda confusión, el Licenciante aclara que, cuando la obra sea un fonograma, el Licenciante se reserva el derecho exclusivo de autorizar la ejecución pública digital de la obra (por ejemplo, webcast) y de recolectar, individualmente o a través de una sociedad de gestión colectiva de derechos de autor y derechos conexos (por ejemplo, ACINPRO), las regalías por la ejecución pública digital de la obra (por ejemplo, webcast), sujeta a las disposiciones aplicables del régimen de Derecho de Autor, si esta ejecución pública digital está primordialmente dirigida a obtener una ventaja comercial o una compensación monetaria privada.

5. Representaciones, Garantías y Limitaciones de Responsabilidad.
A MENOS QUE LAS PARTES LO ACORDARAN DE OTRA FORMA POR ESCRITO, EL LICENCIANTE OFRECE LA OBRA (EN EL ESTADO EN EL QUE SE ENCUENTRA) “TAL CUAL”, SIN BRINDAR GARANTÍAS DE CLASE ALGUNA RESPECTO DE LA OBRA, YA SEA EXPRESA, IMPLÍCITA, LEGAL O CUALQUIERA OTRA, INCLUYENDO, SIN LIMITARSE A ELLAS, GARANTÍAS DE TITULARIDAD, COMERCIABILIDAD, ADAPTABILIDAD O ADECUACIÓN A PROPÓSITO DETERMINADO, AUSENCIA DE INFRACCIÓN, DE AUSENCIA DE DEFECTOS LATENTES O DE OTRO TIPO, O LA PRESENCIA O AUSENCIA DE ERRORES, SEAN O NO DESCUBRIBLES (PUEDAN O NO SER ESTOS DESCUBIERTOS). ALGUNAS JURISDICCIONES NO PERMITEN LA EXCLUSIÓN DE GARANTÍAS IMPLÍCITAS, EN CUYO CASO ESTA EXCLUSIÓN PUEDE NO APLICARSE A USTED.

6. Limitación de responsabilidad.
A MENOS QUE LO EXIJA EXPRESAMENTE LA LEY APLICABLE, EL LICENCIANTE NO SERÁ RESPONSABLE ANTE USTED POR DAÑO ALGUNO, SEA POR RESPONSABILIDAD EXTRACONTRACTUAL, PRECONTRACTUAL O CONTRACTUAL, OBJETIVA O SUBJETIVA, SE TRATE DE DAÑOS MORALES O PATRIMONIALES, DIRECTOS O INDIRECTOS, PREVISTOS O IMPREVISTOS PRODUCIDOS POR EL USO DE ESTA LICENCIA O DE LA OBRA, AUN CUANDO EL LICENCIANTE HAYA SIDO ADVERTIDO DE LA POSIBILIDAD DE DICHOS DAÑOS. ALGUNAS LEYES NO PERMITEN LA EXCLUSIÓN DE CIERTA RESPONSABILIDAD, EN CUYO CASO ESTA EXCLUSIÓN PUEDE NO APLICARSE A USTED.

7. Término.

a.	Esta Licencia y los derechos otorgados en virtud de ella terminarán automáticamente si Usted infringe alguna condición establecida en ella. Sin embargo, los individuos o entidades que han recibido Obras Derivadas o Colectivas de Usted de conformidad con esta Licencia, no verán terminadas sus licencias, siempre que estos individuos o entidades sigan cumpliendo íntegramente las condiciones de estas licencias. Las Secciones 1, 2, 5, 6, 7, y 8 subsistirán a cualquier terminación de esta Licencia.

b.	Sujeta a las condiciones y términos anteriores, la licencia otorgada aquí es perpetua (durante el período de vigencia de los derechos de autor de la obra). No obstante lo anterior, el Licenciante se reserva el derecho a publicar y/o estrenar la Obra bajo condiciones de licencia diferentes o a dejar de distribuirla en los términos de esta Licencia en cualquier momento; en el entendido, sin embargo, que esa elección no servirá para revocar esta licencia o que deba ser otorgada , bajo los términos de esta licencia), y esta licencia continuará en pleno vigor y efecto a menos que sea terminada como se expresa atrás. La Licencia revocada continuará siendo plenamente vigente y efectiva si no se le da término en las condiciones indicadas anteriormente.

8. Varios.

a.	Cada vez que Usted distribuya o ponga a disposición pública la Obra o una Obra Colectiva, el Licenciante ofrecerá al destinatario una licencia en los mismos términos y condiciones que la licencia otorgada a Usted bajo esta Licencia.

b.	Si alguna disposición de esta Licencia resulta invalidada o no exigible, según la legislación vigente, esto no afectará ni la validez ni la aplicabilidad del resto de condiciones de esta Licencia y, sin acción adicional por parte de los sujetos de este acuerdo, aquélla se entenderá reformada lo mínimo necesario para hacer que dicha disposición sea válida y exigible.

c.	Ningún término o disposición de esta Licencia se estimará renunciada y ninguna violación de ella será consentida a menos que esa renuncia o consentimiento sea otorgado por escrito y firmado por la parte que renuncie o consienta.

d.	Esta Licencia refleja el acuerdo pleno entre las partes respecto a la Obra aquí licenciada. No hay arreglos, acuerdos o declaraciones respecto a la Obra que no estén especificados en este documento. El Licenciante no se verá limitado por ninguna disposición adicional que pueda surgir en alguna comunicación emanada de Usted. Esta Licencia no puede ser modificada sin el consentimiento mutuo por escrito del Licenciante y Usted.
 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