Obtención de quitosano por medio de escamas de pescado para tratamiento de agua potable

In this work, the coagulant properties of chitosan were investigated, finding that it is a linear cationic polymer, biodegradable, with excellent characteristics as a coagulant, due to the presence of amino groups in its structure that confer the ability to reduce the presence of colloids in water....

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Autores:: Cruz Jiménez, Keila Isabel

Tipo de recurso:: Trabajo de grado de pregrado

Fecha de publicación:: 2021

Institución:: Corporación Universidad de la Costa

Repositorio:: REDICUC - Repositorio CUC

Idioma:: spa

Description
Summary:	In this work, the coagulant properties of chitosan were investigated, finding that it is a linear cationic polymer, biodegradable, with excellent characteristics as a coagulant, due to the presence of amino groups in its structure that confer the ability to reduce the presence of colloids in water. Thus, the objective of the present work was to prepare a natural coagulant from chitosan, originating from fish scales of the Mojarra Lora (Oreochromis niloticus), by the homogeneous chemical method. First, the chitin was separated from the scales, through depigmentation, deproteinization, demineralization and deacetylation processes (obtaining chitosan); Which had a yield in the process of 78%, 78.20%, 88.752% and 30% respectively. To verify the efficiency of the procedure, the structure of the chitosan obtained was characterized, where a degree of DD (76.87%), proteins (<2.45%) and ashes (40.52%) were obtained by potentiometric titration. Said results obtained are theoretically compared with different types of coagulants, both of commercial origin, and obtained experimentally, by other authors; In both cases, the chitosan obtained from Mojarra Lora (Oreochromis niloticus), has shown favorable results in the different processes that have been compared. By applying the chitosan obtained, as a coagulant to the water treatment, different jar tests were developed to obtain the optimal dose of coagulant (300mg / l) and the flocculation time (30 min). These variables were subjected to an ANOVA statistical analysis, which indicates that the coagulant dose and flocculation time do significantly affect (p-value <0.05) on the removal of turbidity from the water; Thus, obtaining a decrease in turbidity of 76.30%, so it can be inferred that the coagulant performance and the parameters to be determined were optimal. However, when comparing the values obtained for turbidity and final color, with the maximum permissible limits of resolution 2115 of 2007 regulation of water quality for human consumption, the average turbidity obtained was 79.1 NTU and 370 UPC for color, exceeding the permissible limits. Because the coagulant is not totally removing the impurities present in the water sample from the Magdalena River to be studied; It is recommended before using the coagulant, to carry out a sweep to eliminate impurities, in addition to improving the deacetylation stage, to obtain a purer chitosan (higher degree of DD) and thus be able to obtain a better performance of the coagulant and therefore a yield greater in the removal of turbidity and color.

Obtención de quitosano por medio de escamas de pescado para tratamiento de agua potable

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