AB0403 Cigarette smoking and coffee consumption independently influence the risk of developing cardiovascular disease in systemic lupus erythematosus

Background Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), a 50-fold than general population. Traditional risk factors, such as, cigarette smoking and dyslipidemia, are known but they cannot fully account for the increased...