Interaction through mobile technology in short-term university courses

En la actualidad las escuelas de postgrados virtuales o a distancia programan el periodo académico en módulos que se desarrollan secuencialmente. El propósito de este artículo es analizar el impacto que la programación de cursos universitarios de corta duración (30 o 60 días) tiene sobre la frecuenc...

Full description

Autores:
Mena Guacas, Andrés Felipe
Velandia R, Camilo A
Tipo de recurso:
Article of investigation
Fecha de publicación:
2020
Institución:
Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia
Repositorio:
Repositorio UCC
Idioma:
OAI Identifier:
oai:repository.ucc.edu.co:20.500.12494/33927
Acceso en línea:
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03287
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12494/33927
Palabra clave:
Educación
Perspectiva de interacción
Ambiente de aprendizaje colaborativo
Comunicación móvil
Efectos a corto plazo
Curso universitario
TG 2021 MAE
Education
Interaction approach
Collaborative learning environment
Mobile communication
Short-term effects
University course
Rights
openAccess
License
NINGUNA
id COOPER2_ba6d1af103697d6ef9f468299d618e4f
oai_identifier_str oai:repository.ucc.edu.co:20.500.12494/33927
network_acronym_str COOPER2
network_name_str Repositorio UCC
repository_id_str
dc.title.spa.fl_str_mv Interaction through mobile technology in short-term university courses
title Interaction through mobile technology in short-term university courses
spellingShingle Interaction through mobile technology in short-term university courses
Educación
Perspectiva de interacción
Ambiente de aprendizaje colaborativo
Comunicación móvil
Efectos a corto plazo
Curso universitario
TG 2021 MAE
Education
Interaction approach
Collaborative learning environment
Mobile communication
Short-term effects
University course
title_short Interaction through mobile technology in short-term university courses
title_full Interaction through mobile technology in short-term university courses
title_fullStr Interaction through mobile technology in short-term university courses
title_full_unstemmed Interaction through mobile technology in short-term university courses
title_sort Interaction through mobile technology in short-term university courses
dc.creator.fl_str_mv Mena Guacas, Andrés Felipe
Velandia R, Camilo A
dc.contributor.advisor.none.fl_str_mv Arafeh, Sousan
dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv Mena Guacas, Andrés Felipe
Velandia R, Camilo A
dc.subject.spa.fl_str_mv Educación
Perspectiva de interacción
Ambiente de aprendizaje colaborativo
Comunicación móvil
Efectos a corto plazo
Curso universitario
topic Educación
Perspectiva de interacción
Ambiente de aprendizaje colaborativo
Comunicación móvil
Efectos a corto plazo
Curso universitario
TG 2021 MAE
Education
Interaction approach
Collaborative learning environment
Mobile communication
Short-term effects
University course
dc.subject.classification.spa.fl_str_mv TG 2021 MAE
dc.subject.other.spa.fl_str_mv Education
Interaction approach
Collaborative learning environment
Mobile communication
Short-term effects
University course
description En la actualidad las escuelas de postgrados virtuales o a distancia programan el periodo académico en módulos que se desarrollan secuencialmente. El propósito de este artículo es analizar el impacto que la programación de cursos universitarios de corta duración (30 o 60 días) tiene sobre la frecuencia y calidad de la interacción, cuando la comunicación se realiza a través de tecnologías móviles. La frecuencia corresponde a los mensajes generados por los actores de los entornos de aprendizaje, y la calidad se cuantificó utilizando una escala de niveles de interacción, que se opera con análisis de contenido de los mensajes emitidos por los actores. Los resultados muestran que en los cursos de corta duración no existe correlación entre interacción y rendimiento académico. Además, a lo largo del curso se presenta una tendencia negativa del número de personas que participa, y la frecuencia y calidad de la interacción.
publishDate 2020
dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv 2020-02
dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv 2021-04-20T19:24:37Z
dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv 2021-04-20T19:24:37Z
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv Artículos Científicos
dc.type.coar.none.fl_str_mv http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1
dc.type.coarversion.none.fl_str_mv http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85
dc.type.driver.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
dc.type.version.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
format http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1
status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.issn.spa.fl_str_mv 24058440
dc.identifier.uri.spa.fl_str_mv https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03287
dc.identifier.uri.none.fl_str_mv https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12494/33927
dc.identifier.bibliographicCitation.spa.fl_str_mv Mena-Guacas, A. F. y Velandia, C. A. (2020) Interaction through mobile technology in short-term university courses. Heliyon, 6(2), 1-6. Recuperado de: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03287.
identifier_str_mv 24058440
Mena-Guacas, A. F. y Velandia, C. A. (2020) Interaction through mobile technology in short-term university courses. Heliyon, 6(2), 1-6. Recuperado de: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03287.
url https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03287
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12494/33927
dc.relation.isversionof.spa.fl_str_mv https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844020301328
dc.relation.ispartofjournal.spa.fl_str_mv Heliyon
dc.relation.references.spa.fl_str_mv Aghaee, N., Keller, C., 2016. ICT-supported peer interaction among learners in Bachelor’s and Master’s thesis courses. Comput. Educ. 94, 276–297.
Beauchamp, G., Joyce-Gibbons, A., Mc Naughton, J., Young, N., Crick, T., 2019. Exploring synchronous, remote collaborative interaction between learners using multi-touch tables and video conferencing in UK primary schools. Br. J. Educ. Technol. 50, 3214–3232.
Blaine, A., 2019. Interaction and presence in the virtual classroom: an analysis of the perceptions of students and teachers in online and blended advanced placement courses. Comput. Educ. 132, 31–43
Borokhovski, E., Bernard, R., Tamim, R., Schmid, R., Sokolovskaya, A., 2016. Technologysupported student interaction in post-secondary education: a meta-analysis of designed versus contextual treatments. Comput. Educ. 96, 15–28.
Chang, A., Bordia, P., Duck, J., 2003. Punctuated equilibrium and linear progression: toward a new understanding of group development. Acad. Manag. J. 46, 106–117.
Chen, J., Wang, M., Kirschner, P., Tsai, C., 2018. The role of collaboration, computer use, learning environments, and supporting strategies in CSCL: a meta-analysis. Rev. Educ. Res. 88, 799–843.
Cung, B., Xu, D., Eichhorn, S., 2018. Increasing interpersonal interactions in an online course: does increased instructor e-mail activity and a voluntary in-person meeting time facilitate student learning? Online Learn. 22, 193–215
Garrison, D., 1991. Critical thinking and adult education: a conceptual model for developing critical thinking in adult learners. Int. J. Lifelong Educ. 10, 287–303
Hamid, S., Waycott, J., Kurnia, S., Chang, S., 2015. Understanding students’ perceptions of the benefits of online social networking use for teaching and learning. Internet High Educ. 26, 1–9.
Joksimovi c, S., Ga sevi c, D., Loughin, T., Kovanovi c, V., Hatala, M., 2015. Learning at distance: effects of interaction traces on academic achievement. Comput. Educ. 87, 204–217.
Kent, C., Laslo, E., Rafaeli, S., 2016. Interactivity in online discussions and learning outcomes. Comput. Educ. 97, 116–128
Kurucay, M., Inan, F., 2017. Examining the effects of learner-learner interactions on satisfaction and learning in an online undergraduate course. Comput. Educ. 115, 20–37
Luo, N., Zhang, M., Qi, D., 2017. Effects of different interactions on students’ sense of community in e-learning environment. Comput. Educ. 115, 153–160.
Mei, B., May, L., 2018. Reflective renovation: insights from a collaborative and active learning space project evaluation. Australas. J. Educ. Technol. 34, 17–26
Marc, E., Picard, D., 1992. La Interacci on Social (1st Edici on). EdicionesPaid osIb erica, S.A, Buenos Aires
Mena-Guacas, A., 2018. Aprendizaje red como alternativa te orica y metodol ogica para el fomento de la interacci on en escenarios de aprendizaje universitarios de modalidad virtual. Universidad Nacional de Educaci on a Distancia (Espa~na). Escuela Internacional de Doctorado. Programa de DoctoradoenEducaci on, Madrid. http://e-s pacio.uned.es/fez/view/tesisuned:ED-Pg-Educac-Afmena
Mena-Guacas, A., Santove~na, S., 2019. WhatsApp and formulating guidelines on network interaction during the learning process in the university classroom. Int. J. Eng. Res. Innovat. 11, 121–136. https://www.upo.es/revistas/index.php/IJERI/article/view/ 3023.
Michinov, N., Michinov, E., 2008. Face-to-face contact at the midpoint of an online collaboration: its impact on the patterns of participation, interaction, affect, and behavior over time. Comput. Educ. 50, 1540–1557
Oztok, M., Zingaro, D., Makos, A., Brett, C., Hewitt, J., 2015. Capitalizing on social presence: the relationship between social capital and social presence. Internet High Educ. 26, 19–24.
Shu, H., Gu, X., 2018. Determining the differences between online and face-to-face student–group interactions in a blended learning course. Internet High Educ. 39, 13–21.
Vygotsky, L., 1978. Mind in Society. Harvard University Press, Cambridge
Wang, M., Cheng, B., Chen, J., Mercer, N., Kirschner, P., 2017. The use of web-based collaborative concept mapping to support group learning and interaction in an online environment. Internet High Educ. 34, 28–40.
Weiser, O., Blau, I., Eshet-Alkalai, Y., 2018. How do medium naturalness, teachinglearning interactions and students' personality traits affect participation in synchronous E-learning? Internet High Educ. 37, 40–51
Zheng, B., Warschauer, M., 2015. Participation, interaction, and academic achievement in an online discussion environment. Comput. Educ. 84, 78–89
dc.rights.license.none.fl_str_mv NINGUNA
dc.rights.accessrights.none.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.rights.coar.none.fl_str_mv http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
rights_invalid_str_mv NINGUNA
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.format.extent.spa.fl_str_mv p. 1 - 6
dc.coverage.temporal.spa.fl_str_mv Vol. 6 No. 2
dc.publisher.spa.fl_str_mv Sousan Arafeh - Heliyon Elsevier
Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Maestría en Educación, Bogotá
dc.publisher.program.spa.fl_str_mv Maestría en Educación
dc.publisher.place.spa.fl_str_mv Bogotá
institution Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia
bitstream.url.fl_str_mv https://repository.ucc.edu.co/bitstreams/f2398a04-bdf8-4a90-b631-f271cd1541ec/download
https://repository.ucc.edu.co/bitstreams/85afeeef-3104-4b2f-b2f6-bab5fce056db/download
https://repository.ucc.edu.co/bitstreams/0f40665d-6887-4adc-906b-9c86d8c20a94/download
https://repository.ucc.edu.co/bitstreams/b5c7f08a-5dff-4c7e-abdc-14aea7d09a6b/download
bitstream.checksum.fl_str_mv 8cab3bc73607172205f6e7f072f221d6
3bce4f7ab09dfc588f126e1e36e98a45
cfafa44143e2982a6dd10eb29756e740
7dc07164bb33244b13c4275332025323
bitstream.checksumAlgorithm.fl_str_mv MD5
MD5
MD5
MD5
repository.name.fl_str_mv Repositorio Institucional Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia
repository.mail.fl_str_mv bdigital@metabiblioteca.com
_version_ 1811565386853777408
spelling Arafeh, SousanMena Guacas, Andrés FelipeVelandia R, Camilo AVol. 6 No. 22021-04-20T19:24:37Z2021-04-20T19:24:37Z2020-0224058440https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03287https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12494/33927Mena-Guacas, A. F. y Velandia, C. A. (2020) Interaction through mobile technology in short-term university courses. Heliyon, 6(2), 1-6. Recuperado de: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03287.En la actualidad las escuelas de postgrados virtuales o a distancia programan el periodo académico en módulos que se desarrollan secuencialmente. El propósito de este artículo es analizar el impacto que la programación de cursos universitarios de corta duración (30 o 60 días) tiene sobre la frecuencia y calidad de la interacción, cuando la comunicación se realiza a través de tecnologías móviles. La frecuencia corresponde a los mensajes generados por los actores de los entornos de aprendizaje, y la calidad se cuantificó utilizando una escala de niveles de interacción, que se opera con análisis de contenido de los mensajes emitidos por los actores. Los resultados muestran que en los cursos de corta duración no existe correlación entre interacción y rendimiento académico. Además, a lo largo del curso se presenta una tendencia negativa del número de personas que participa, y la frecuencia y calidad de la interacción.Nowadays, online or distance learning postgraduate schools program the academic period in different sequentially developed modules. This article assesses the impact of the programming of short-term university courses (30–60 days) on the frequency and quality of interaction when communication takes place through mobile technologies. Frequency corresponded to the messages generated by actors in learning environments, and quality was quantified using a scale of interaction levels operated by assessing the content of the messages issued by the actors. Results revealed that there is no correlation between interaction and academic performance in short-term courses. Additionally, a downward trend was observed in the number of individuals involved and in the frequency and quality of interaction throughout the course.1. Introduction. -- 1.1. Technology-mediated social interaction and collaboration for learning. -- 1.2. The “time” variable in interaction in a learning environment. -- 2. Materials and methods. -- 2.1. Participants. -- 2.2. Environmental design. -- 2.3. Characterization and group composition. -- 2.4. Role play group activity. -- 2.5. Interaction data. -- 2.5.1. Categorization process. -- 2.5.2. Means of communication. -- 2.5.3. Frequency and quality of interaction. -- 2.5.4. Activity wherein data were collected. -- 2.6. Correlations. -- 3. Results. -- 4. Discussion. -- 5. Conclusions. -- 5.1. Limitations. -- Declarations. -- References.http://scienti.colciencias.gov.co:8081/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0001043145http://scienti.colciencias.gov.co:8081/cvlac/visualizador/generarCurriculoCv.do?cod_rh=0000331783https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8308-1712https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3292-4270https://scienti.minciencias.gov.co/gruplac/jsp/visualiza/visualizagr.jsp?nro=00000000003111andres.mena@ucc.edu.cocamilo.velandia.r@uniminuto.eduhttps://scholar.google.com/citations?user=paoFKrsAAAAJ&hl=eshttps://scholar.google.com/citations?user=d5tFjxcAAAAJ&hl=esp. 1 - 6Sousan Arafeh - Heliyon ElsevierUniversidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Maestría en Educación, BogotáMaestría en EducaciónBogotáhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844020301328HeliyonAghaee, N., Keller, C., 2016. ICT-supported peer interaction among learners in Bachelor’s and Master’s thesis courses. Comput. Educ. 94, 276–297.Beauchamp, G., Joyce-Gibbons, A., Mc Naughton, J., Young, N., Crick, T., 2019. Exploring synchronous, remote collaborative interaction between learners using multi-touch tables and video conferencing in UK primary schools. Br. J. Educ. Technol. 50, 3214–3232.Blaine, A., 2019. Interaction and presence in the virtual classroom: an analysis of the perceptions of students and teachers in online and blended advanced placement courses. Comput. Educ. 132, 31–43Borokhovski, E., Bernard, R., Tamim, R., Schmid, R., Sokolovskaya, A., 2016. Technologysupported student interaction in post-secondary education: a meta-analysis of designed versus contextual treatments. Comput. Educ. 96, 15–28.Chang, A., Bordia, P., Duck, J., 2003. Punctuated equilibrium and linear progression: toward a new understanding of group development. Acad. Manag. J. 46, 106–117.Chen, J., Wang, M., Kirschner, P., Tsai, C., 2018. The role of collaboration, computer use, learning environments, and supporting strategies in CSCL: a meta-analysis. Rev. Educ. Res. 88, 799–843.Cung, B., Xu, D., Eichhorn, S., 2018. Increasing interpersonal interactions in an online course: does increased instructor e-mail activity and a voluntary in-person meeting time facilitate student learning? Online Learn. 22, 193–215Garrison, D., 1991. Critical thinking and adult education: a conceptual model for developing critical thinking in adult learners. Int. J. Lifelong Educ. 10, 287–303Hamid, S., Waycott, J., Kurnia, S., Chang, S., 2015. Understanding students’ perceptions of the benefits of online social networking use for teaching and learning. Internet High Educ. 26, 1–9.Joksimovi c, S., Ga sevi c, D., Loughin, T., Kovanovi c, V., Hatala, M., 2015. Learning at distance: effects of interaction traces on academic achievement. Comput. Educ. 87, 204–217.Kent, C., Laslo, E., Rafaeli, S., 2016. Interactivity in online discussions and learning outcomes. Comput. Educ. 97, 116–128Kurucay, M., Inan, F., 2017. Examining the effects of learner-learner interactions on satisfaction and learning in an online undergraduate course. Comput. Educ. 115, 20–37Luo, N., Zhang, M., Qi, D., 2017. Effects of different interactions on students’ sense of community in e-learning environment. Comput. Educ. 115, 153–160.Mei, B., May, L., 2018. Reflective renovation: insights from a collaborative and active learning space project evaluation. Australas. J. Educ. Technol. 34, 17–26Marc, E., Picard, D., 1992. La Interacci on Social (1st Edici on). EdicionesPaid osIb erica, S.A, Buenos AiresMena-Guacas, A., 2018. Aprendizaje red como alternativa te orica y metodol ogica para el fomento de la interacci on en escenarios de aprendizaje universitarios de modalidad virtual. Universidad Nacional de Educaci on a Distancia (Espa~na). Escuela Internacional de Doctorado. Programa de DoctoradoenEducaci on, Madrid. http://e-s pacio.uned.es/fez/view/tesisuned:ED-Pg-Educac-AfmenaMena-Guacas, A., Santove~na, S., 2019. WhatsApp and formulating guidelines on network interaction during the learning process in the university classroom. Int. J. Eng. Res. Innovat. 11, 121–136. https://www.upo.es/revistas/index.php/IJERI/article/view/ 3023.Michinov, N., Michinov, E., 2008. Face-to-face contact at the midpoint of an online collaboration: its impact on the patterns of participation, interaction, affect, and behavior over time. Comput. Educ. 50, 1540–1557Oztok, M., Zingaro, D., Makos, A., Brett, C., Hewitt, J., 2015. Capitalizing on social presence: the relationship between social capital and social presence. Internet High Educ. 26, 19–24.Shu, H., Gu, X., 2018. Determining the differences between online and face-to-face student–group interactions in a blended learning course. Internet High Educ. 39, 13–21.Vygotsky, L., 1978. Mind in Society. Harvard University Press, CambridgeWang, M., Cheng, B., Chen, J., Mercer, N., Kirschner, P., 2017. The use of web-based collaborative concept mapping to support group learning and interaction in an online environment. Internet High Educ. 34, 28–40.Weiser, O., Blau, I., Eshet-Alkalai, Y., 2018. How do medium naturalness, teachinglearning interactions and students' personality traits affect participation in synchronous E-learning? Internet High Educ. 37, 40–51Zheng, B., Warschauer, M., 2015. Participation, interaction, and academic achievement in an online discussion environment. Comput. Educ. 84, 78–89EducaciónPerspectiva de interacciónAmbiente de aprendizaje colaborativoComunicación móvilEfectos a corto plazoCurso universitarioTG 2021 MAEEducationInteraction approachCollaborative learning environmentMobile communicationShort-term effectsUniversity courseInteraction through mobile technology in short-term university coursesArtículos Científicoshttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85info:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionNINGUNAinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2PublicationORIGINAL2020_MenaVelandia_Interaction_through_mobile.pdf2020_MenaVelandia_Interaction_through_mobile.pdfapplication/pdf417088https://repository.ucc.edu.co/bitstreams/f2398a04-bdf8-4a90-b631-f271cd1541ec/download8cab3bc73607172205f6e7f072f221d6MD51LICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-84334https://repository.ucc.edu.co/bitstreams/85afeeef-3104-4b2f-b2f6-bab5fce056db/download3bce4f7ab09dfc588f126e1e36e98a45MD52THUMBNAIL2020_MenaVelandia_Interaction_through_mobile.pdf.jpg2020_MenaVelandia_Interaction_through_mobile.pdf.jpgGenerated Thumbnailimage/jpeg5903https://repository.ucc.edu.co/bitstreams/0f40665d-6887-4adc-906b-9c86d8c20a94/downloadcfafa44143e2982a6dd10eb29756e740MD53TEXT2020_MenaVelandia_Interaction_through_mobile.pdf.txt2020_MenaVelandia_Interaction_through_mobile.pdf.txtExtracted texttext/plain35798https://repository.ucc.edu.co/bitstreams/b5c7f08a-5dff-4c7e-abdc-14aea7d09a6b/download7dc07164bb33244b13c4275332025323MD5420.500.12494/33927oai:repository.ucc.edu.co:20.500.12494/339272024-08-10 16:54:46.848open.accesshttps://repository.ucc.edu.coRepositorio Institucional Universidad Cooperativa de Colombiabdigital@metabiblioteca.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