Analyzing the convergence of transport network connectivity: Case for Türkiye and its neighbors

El intenso comercio entre China y Europa aumenta la competencia entre los países del Mediterráneo, el Egeo y el Mar Negro en rutas alternativas. Para obtener una participación significativa de este sector, la conectividad a las redes de transporte debe ser adecuada. El indicador más importante desar...

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Autores:: Acık, Abdullah
Atacan, Can

Tipo de recurso:: Article of journal

Fecha de publicación:: 2023

Institución:: Universidad Externado de Colombia

Repositorio:: Biblioteca Digital Universidad Externado de Colombia

Idioma:: spa

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dc.title.spa.fl_str_mv	Analyzing the convergence of transport network connectivity: Case for Türkiye and its neighbors
dc.title.translated.eng.fl_str_mv	Analyzing the convergence of transport network connectivity: Case for Türkiye and its neighbors
title	Analyzing the convergence of transport network connectivity: Case for Türkiye and its neighbors
spellingShingle	Analyzing the convergence of transport network connectivity: Case for Türkiye and its neighbors Connectivity; convergence; liner shipping; unit root conectividad; convergencia; transporte marítimo; raíz unitaria
title_short	Analyzing the convergence of transport network connectivity: Case for Türkiye and its neighbors
title_full	Analyzing the convergence of transport network connectivity: Case for Türkiye and its neighbors
title_fullStr	Analyzing the convergence of transport network connectivity: Case for Türkiye and its neighbors
title_full_unstemmed	Analyzing the convergence of transport network connectivity: Case for Türkiye and its neighbors
title_sort	Analyzing the convergence of transport network connectivity: Case for Türkiye and its neighbors
dc.creator.fl_str_mv	Acık, Abdullah Atacan, Can
dc.contributor.author.spa.fl_str_mv	Acık, Abdullah Atacan, Can
dc.subject.eng.fl_str_mv	Connectivity; convergence; liner shipping; unit root
topic	Connectivity; convergence; liner shipping; unit root conectividad; convergencia; transporte marítimo; raíz unitaria
dc.subject.spa.fl_str_mv	conectividad; convergencia; transporte marítimo; raíz unitaria
description	El intenso comercio entre China y Europa aumenta la competencia entre los países del Mediterráneo, el Egeo y el Mar Negro en rutas alternativas. Para obtener una participación significativa de este sector, la conectividad a las redes de transporte debe ser adecuada. El indicador más importante desarrollado para medir la conectividad es el Liner Shipping Connectivity Index (LSCI). Al utilizar este índice, se pueden hacer inferencias sobre posibles competidores al determinar qué diferencias de países divergen o convergen en el largo plazo. En la investigación se creó una muestra de los vecinos y competidores de Türkiye en el transporte marítimo, que incluye a Bulgaria, Egipto, Georgia, Grecia, Israel, Líbano, Rumania, Rusia y Ucrania. Para comprobar la convergencia probamos la raíz unitaria utilizando las diferencias logarítmicas de los valores LSCI de Türkiye y otros países. Los países que convergen con Türkiye son Bulgaria, Líbano, Rumania y Ucrania. Dado que los valores medios del LSCI de los países convergentes son inferiores a los de Türkiye, se convertirán en posibles competidores en la región. Egipto y Grecia están divergiendo y su papel dominante en la región continuará. Sería beneficioso para Türkiye fortalecer su infraestructura en rutas de transporte alternativas, así como en transporte marítimo.
publishDate	2023
dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv	2023-12-01T15:28:38Z 2024-06-05T20:05:08Z
dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv	2023-12-01T15:28:38Z 2024-06-05T20:05:08Z
dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv	2023-12-01
dc.type.spa.fl_str_mv	Artículo de revista
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dc.identifier.doi.none.fl_str_mv	10.18601/16577558.n39.11
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dc.relation.bitstream.none.fl_str_mv	https://revistas.uexternado.edu.co/index.php/oasis/article/download/9099/15882 https://revistas.uexternado.edu.co/index.php/oasis/article/download/9099/15883 https://revistas.uexternado.edu.co/index.php/oasis/article/download/9099/15884
dc.relation.citationedition.spa.fl_str_mv	Núm. 39 , Año 2024 : Enero-Junio
dc.relation.citationendpage.none.fl_str_mv	212
dc.relation.citationissue.spa.fl_str_mv	39
dc.relation.citationstartpage.none.fl_str_mv	189
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dc.relation.references.spa.fl_str_mv	Açık, A. (2021). Does maritime transport network converge? Evidence from EU countries. Acta Natura et Scientia, 2(2), 86-93. Arghyrou, M. G., Gregoriou, A., & Kontonikas, A. (2009). Do real interest rates converge? Evidence from the European Union. Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, 19(3), 447-460. Atacan, C., Kayıran, B., & Açık, A. (2022). Impact of liner shipping connectivity on container traffic in Turkish ports. Transactions on Maritime Science, 11(2). Aydin, M. (2020). A new nonlinear wavelet-based unit root test with structural breaks. Munich Personal RePEc Archive. Bai, J., & Perron, P. (2003). Computation and analysis of multiple structural change models. Journal of Applied Econometrics, 6, 72–78. Bellet, M., Massard, N., & Solal, P. (2002). Innovation, institutions, space: Two research traditions in national systems of innovation. In M. P. Feldman, & N. Massard (Eds.), Institutions and Systems in the Geography of Innovation (pp. 117-144). Kluwer Academic Publishers. BP (2023). Statistical Review of World Energy. https:// www.bp.com/en/global/corporate/energy-economics/statistical-review-of-world-energy.html Brock, W. A., Dechert, W. D., & Scheinkman, J. A. (1987). A Test for independence based on the correlation dimension, Department of Economics. University of Wisconsin at Madison, University of Houston, and University of Chicago. Button, K. (2010). Transport economics (3rd ed.). Edward Elgar. Cabral, R., & Castellanos-Sosa, F. A. (2019). Europe’s income convergence and the latest global financial crisis. Research in Economics, 73(1), 23-34. Chien, M. S., Lee, C. C., Hu, T. C., & Hu, H. T. (2015). Dynamic Asian stock market convergence: evidence from dynamic cointegration analysis among China and ASEAN-5. Economic Modelling, 51, 84-98. Clements, B. J., Gupta, S., & Khamidova, S. (2021). Is military spending converging to a low level across countries? Economic modelling, 94, 433-441. Cuestas, J. C., Gil-Alana, L. A., & Taylor, K. (2016). Inflation convergence in central and eastern Europe vs. the Eurozone: Non-linearities and long memory. Scottish Journal of Political Economy, 63(5), 519-538. Cuestas, J. C., Monfort, M., & Ordóñez, J. (2015). Unemployment convergence in central and eastern European countries: Driving forces and cluster behavior. Emerging Markets Finance and Trade, 51(1), 259-273. De, P. (2014). Connectivity and regional co-operation in South Asia. In M. A. Razzaque, & Y. Basnett (Eds.), Regional Integration in South Asia: Trends, Challenges and Prospects (pp. 185-213). The Commonwealth. Dickey, D. A., & Fuller, W. A. (1979). Distribution of the estimators for autoregressive time series with a unit root. Journal of the American statistical association, 74(366a), 427-431. Eurostat. (2023). International trade in goods - a statisticalpicture. https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statisticsexplained/index.php?title=International_trade_in_goods_-_a_statistical_picture Garrett, M. (2014). Encyclopedia of Transportation: Social Science and Policy. Sage Publications. Gil, J. M., Montañés, A., & Vásquez-González, B. (2022). Are prices converging in the global sawnwood market? Forest Policy and Economics, In press. Habibullah, M. S., Chong, C., & Din, B. H. (2017). Developing and developed ASEAN-10 economies: Converge or diverge? International Journal of Economics and Management, 11(S3), 623-640. He, Y. (2022). The Institutional paradigm of economic geography: A Perspective from natural resource and environmental econometrics. Springer Nature. Herrerias, M. J. (2012). CO2 weighted convergence across the EU-25 countries (1920–2007). Applied Energy, 92, 9-16. Jena, D., & Barua, A. (2020). Trade, structural transformation and income convergence: The case of EU. Journal of Public Affairs, e2565. Kasman, A., & Kasman, S. (2020). Convergence of renewable energy consumption in the EU-15: Evidence from stochastic and club convergence tests. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 27(6), 5901-5911. Lau, C. K., Pal, S., Mahalik, M. K., & Gozgor, G. (2022). Economic globalization convergence in high and low globalized developing economies: Implications for the post Covid-19 era. Economic Analysis and Policy, 76, 1027-1039. Lin, P.-C., Kuo, S.-Y., & Chang, J.-H. (2020). The direct and spillover effects of liner shipping connectivity on merchandise trade. Maritime Business Review, 5(2), 159-173. Liu, T. Y., & Lee, C. C. (2021). Global convergence of inflation rates. The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, 58, 101501. Liu, Y., Chang, H. L., & Su, C. W. (2013). Do real interest rates converge across East Asian countries based on China? Economic Modelling, 31, 467-473. Mangan, J., Lalwani, C., & Calatayud, A. (2020). Global Logistics and Supply Chain Management (4th ed.). Wiley. Marrero, Á. S., Marrero, G. A., González, R. M., & Rodríguez-López, J. (2021). Convergence in road transport CO2 emissions in Europe. Energy Economics, 105322. Matsuki, T. (2019). Per capita output convergence across Asian countries: Evidence from covariate unit root test with an endogenous structural break. Economic Modelling, 82, 99-118. Mohamad, R., Kamonchanok, S., & Pongsa, P. (2015). Liner shipping connectivity and international trade in maritime Southeast Asian Countries. Journal of International Logistics and Trade, 13(3), 43-74. Monfort, M., Ordóñez, J., & Sala, H. (2018). Inequality and unemployment patterns in Europe: Does integration lead to (real) convergence? Open Economies Review, 29(4), 703-724. Nagraj, D., & Ghosh, I. (2021). Trade costs between India and ASEAN: A gravity framework. In P. Lakhanpal, J. Mukherjee y D. Tuteja (Eds.), Trade, Investment and Economic Growth Issues for India and Emerging Economies (pp. 73-90). Springer. N’Drin, M. G. R., Dahoro, D. A., Amin, A., & Kassi, D. F. (2022). Measuring convergence of energy and emission efficiencies and technology inequality across African countries. Journal of Cleaner Production, 381, 135166. Neise, R. (2018). The maritime container transportation chain (MCTC). In R. Neise (Ed.), Container Logistics: The Role of the Container in the Supply Chain (pp. 31-91). Kogan Page. Notteboom, T., Pallis, A., & Rodrigue, J.P. (2022). Port economics, management and policy. Routledge. OECD (2017). Aid for trade at a glance 2017: Promoting trade, inclusiveness and connectivity for sustainable development. OECD Publishing. OECD/EUIPO (2021). Illicit trade misuse of containerized maritime shipping in the global trade of counterfeits. OECD Publishing. Phillips, P. C., & Perron, P. (1988). Testing for a unit root in time series regression. Biometrika, 75(2), 335-346. Ratavaara, N. (2008). Convergence and/or divergence. GRIN Verlag. Rath, B. D. (2019). Does total factor productivity converge among ASEAN countries? Bulletin of Monetary Economics and Banking, 21, 477-494. RMT (2022). Review of maritime transport. https://unctad.org/publication/review-maritime-transport-2022 Romero, J., Cruz-Roche, I., & Charron, J. P. (2020). The myth of price convergence under economic integration: A proposed explanation for the difference in food prices across European countries. European Management Journal, 38(2), 267-276. Sakyi, D., & Immurana, M. (2021). Seaport efficiency and the trade balance in Africa. Maritime Transport Research, 2, 100026. Santos, A. M. P., & Soares, C. G. (2015). Competition dynamics between the Hamburg-Le Havre and the Mediterranean port ranges. In C. G. Soares y T. A. Santos (Eds.), Maritime Technology and Engineering (Vol. 1, pp. 87-98). CRC Press. Sawhney, B., Anoruo, E., & DiPietro, W. R. (2016). The world distribution of military spending: Is there a convergence? International Journal of Computational Economics and Econometrics, 6(4), 351-365. Siljak, D. (2015). Real economic convergence in the European Union from 1995 to 2013. The Business and Management Review, 6(4), 213-225. Simionescu, M. (2022). Stochastic convergence in percapita energy use in the EU- 15 countries. The role of economic growth. Applied Energy, 322, 119489. Taneja, N. K. (2010). Looking beyond the runway: Airlines innovating with best practices while facing realities. Ashgate. UNCTAD (2023a). Container Throughputs of Countries. http://unctadstat.unctad.org/wds/TableViewer/tableView.aspx?ReportId=13321. UNCTAD (2023b). Liner shipping connectivity index. http://unctadstat.unctad.org/wds/TableViewer/tableView.aspx?ReportId=92. Valera, M. L. G., & Valera, H. G. (2014). Testing the inflation convergence among the original ASEAN members. Journal of Global Business and Trade, 10(2), 71-78. Wang, S., & Liu, Z. (2015). Efficient global container transport network design. In C-Y. Lee, & Q. Meng (Eds.), Handbook of Ocean Container Transport Logistics: Making Global Supply Chains Effective (pp. 359-398). Springer. Welsch, H., & Bonn, U. (2008). Economic convergence and life satisfaction in the European Union. The Journal of Socio-Economics, 37(3), 1153-1167. World Bank. (2023a). GDP (current US$). https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.CD World Bank. (2023b). Exports of goods and services (current US$). https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NE.EXP.GNFS.CD World Bank. (2023c). Imports of goods and services (current US$). https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NE.IMP.GNFS.CD Yap, W. Y. (2021). Business and economics of port management: An Insider’s perspective. Routledge. Yetkili, E., Doğan, E., Baltaoğlu, S., & Salihoğlu, İ. (2016). Economic analysis of container transshipment in the Eastern Mediterranean region. International Journal of Environment and Geoinformatics, 3(1), 12-21. Yilanci, V., & Pata, U. K. (2020). Convergence of per capita ecological footprint among the ASEAN-5 countries: Evidence from a non-linear panel unit root test. Ecological Indicators, 113, 106178. Yu, X., Tettamanti, M., & Rizzi, C. (2021). China-us trade frictions shaping new equilibriums with the EU and the US: Towards a new multilateralism or tripolarism. World Scientific. Zavaleta, A., Walls, W. D., & Rusco, F. W. (2015). Refining for export and the convergence of petroleum product prices. Energy Economics, 47, 206-214. Zivot, E., & Andrews, W.K. (1992). Further evidence on the great crash, the oil-price shock, and the unitroot hypothesis. Journal of Business & Economic Statistics, 10(3), 251-270.
dc.rights.spa.fl_str_mv	Abdullah Acık, Can Atacan - 2023
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spelling	Acık, AbdullahAtacan, Can2023-12-01T15:28:38Z2024-06-05T20:05:08Z2023-12-01T15:28:38Z2024-06-05T20:05:08Z2023-12-01El intenso comercio entre China y Europa aumenta la competencia entre los países del Mediterráneo, el Egeo y el Mar Negro en rutas alternativas. Para obtener una participación significativa de este sector, la conectividad a las redes de transporte debe ser adecuada. El indicador más importante desarrollado para medir la conectividad es el Liner Shipping Connectivity Index (LSCI). Al utilizar este índice, se pueden hacer inferencias sobre posibles competidores al determinar qué diferencias de países divergen o convergen en el largo plazo. En la investigación se creó una muestra de los vecinos y competidores de Türkiye en el transporte marítimo, que incluye a Bulgaria, Egipto, Georgia, Grecia, Israel, Líbano, Rumania, Rusia y Ucrania. Para comprobar la convergencia probamos la raíz unitaria utilizando las diferencias logarítmicas de los valores LSCI de Türkiye y otros países. Los países que convergen con Türkiye son Bulgaria, Líbano, Rumania y Ucrania. Dado que los valores medios del LSCI de los países convergentes son inferiores a los de Türkiye, se convertirán en posibles competidores en la región. Egipto y Grecia están divergiendo y su papel dominante en la región continuará. Sería beneficioso para Türkiye fortalecer su infraestructura en rutas de transporte alternativas, así como en transporte marítimo.Intense trade between China and Europe increases the competition between Mediterranean, Aegean and Black Sea countries on alternative routes. To obtain a significant share from this sector, connectivity to the transportation network must be sufficient. The most important indicator developed for the measurement of connectivity is Liner Shipping Connectivity Index (LSCI). By using this index, inferences can be made about possible competitors by determining which countries’ differences diverge or converge in the long run. In the research, a sample of Türkiye’s neighbors and competitors in maritime transportation was formed, which includes Bulgaria, Egypt, Georgia, Greece, Israel, Lebanon, Romania, Russia and Ukraine. To test the convergence, we tested unit root by using the log differences of the LSCI values of Türkiye and other countries. The countries converging with Türkiye are Bulgaria, Lebanon, Romania, and Ukraine. Since the average LSCI values of the converging countries are lower than Türkiye, they will become possible competitors in the region. Egypt and Greece are diverging and their dominant role in the region will continue. It would be beneficial for Türkiye to strengthen its infrastructure in alternative transportation routes as well as maritime transportation.application/pdftext/htmltext/xml10.18601/16577558.n39.112346-21321657-7558https://bdigital.uexternado.edu.co/handle/001/15188https://doi.org/10.18601/16577558.n39.11spaFacultad de Finanzas, Gobierno y Relaciones Internacionaleshttps://revistas.uexternado.edu.co/index.php/oasis/article/download/9099/15882https://revistas.uexternado.edu.co/index.php/oasis/article/download/9099/15883https://revistas.uexternado.edu.co/index.php/oasis/article/download/9099/15884Núm. 39 , Año 2024 : Enero-Junio21239189OasisAçık, A. (2021). Does maritime transport network converge? Evidence from EU countries. Acta Natura et Scientia, 2(2), 86-93.Arghyrou, M. G., Gregoriou, A., & Kontonikas, A. (2009). Do real interest rates converge? Evidence from the European Union. Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, 19(3), 447-460.Atacan, C., Kayıran, B., & Açık, A. (2022). Impact of liner shipping connectivity on container traffic in Turkish ports. Transactions on Maritime Science, 11(2).Aydin, M. (2020). A new nonlinear wavelet-based unit root test with structural breaks. Munich Personal RePEc Archive.Bai, J., & Perron, P. (2003). Computation and analysis of multiple structural change models. Journal of Applied Econometrics, 6, 72–78.Bellet, M., Massard, N., & Solal, P. (2002). Innovation, institutions, space: Two research traditions in national systems of innovation. In M. P. Feldman, & N. Massard (Eds.), Institutions and Systems in the Geography of Innovation (pp. 117-144). Kluwer Academic Publishers.BP (2023). Statistical Review of World Energy. https:// www.bp.com/en/global/corporate/energy-economics/statistical-review-of-world-energy.htmlBrock, W. A., Dechert, W. D., & Scheinkman, J. A. (1987). A Test for independence based on the correlation dimension, Department of Economics. University of Wisconsin at Madison, University of Houston, and University of Chicago.Button, K. (2010). Transport economics (3rd ed.). Edward Elgar.Cabral, R., & Castellanos-Sosa, F. A. (2019). Europe’s income convergence and the latest global financial crisis. Research in Economics, 73(1), 23-34.Chien, M. S., Lee, C. C., Hu, T. C., & Hu, H. T. (2015). Dynamic Asian stock market convergence: evidence from dynamic cointegration analysis among China and ASEAN-5. Economic Modelling, 51, 84-98.Clements, B. J., Gupta, S., & Khamidova, S. (2021). Is military spending converging to a low level across countries? Economic modelling, 94, 433-441.Cuestas, J. C., Gil-Alana, L. A., & Taylor, K. (2016). Inflation convergence in central and eastern Europe vs. the Eurozone: Non-linearities and long memory. Scottish Journal of Political Economy, 63(5), 519-538.Cuestas, J. C., Monfort, M., & Ordóñez, J. (2015). Unemployment convergence in central and eastern European countries: Driving forces and cluster behavior. Emerging Markets Finance and Trade, 51(1), 259-273.De, P. (2014). Connectivity and regional co-operation in South Asia. In M. A. Razzaque, & Y. Basnett (Eds.), Regional Integration in South Asia: Trends, Challenges and Prospects (pp. 185-213). The Commonwealth.Dickey, D. A., & Fuller, W. A. (1979). Distribution of the estimators for autoregressive time series with a unit root. Journal of the American statistical association, 74(366a), 427-431.Eurostat. (2023). International trade in goods - a statisticalpicture. https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statisticsexplained/index.php?title=International_trade_in_goods_-_a_statistical_pictureGarrett, M. (2014). Encyclopedia of Transportation: Social Science and Policy. Sage Publications.Gil, J. M., Montañés, A., & Vásquez-González, B. (2022). Are prices converging in the global sawnwood market? Forest Policy and Economics, In press.Habibullah, M. S., Chong, C., & Din, B. H. (2017). Developing and developed ASEAN-10 economies: Converge or diverge? International Journal of Economics and Management, 11(S3), 623-640.He, Y. (2022). The Institutional paradigm of economic geography: A Perspective from natural resource and environmental econometrics. Springer Nature.Herrerias, M. J. (2012). CO2 weighted convergence across the EU-25 countries (1920–2007). Applied Energy, 92, 9-16.Jena, D., & Barua, A. (2020). Trade, structural transformation and income convergence: The case of EU. Journal of Public Affairs, e2565.Kasman, A., & Kasman, S. (2020). Convergence of renewable energy consumption in the EU-15: Evidence from stochastic and club convergence tests. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 27(6), 5901-5911.Lau, C. K., Pal, S., Mahalik, M. K., & Gozgor, G. (2022). Economic globalization convergence in high and low globalized developing economies: Implications for the post Covid-19 era. Economic Analysis and Policy, 76, 1027-1039.Lin, P.-C., Kuo, S.-Y., & Chang, J.-H. (2020). The direct and spillover effects of liner shipping connectivity on merchandise trade. Maritime Business Review, 5(2), 159-173.Liu, T. Y., & Lee, C. C. (2021). Global convergence of inflation rates. The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, 58, 101501.Liu, Y., Chang, H. L., & Su, C. W. (2013). Do real interest rates converge across East Asian countries based on China? Economic Modelling, 31, 467-473.Mangan, J., Lalwani, C., & Calatayud, A. (2020). Global Logistics and Supply Chain Management (4th ed.). Wiley.Marrero, Á. S., Marrero, G. A., González, R. M., & Rodríguez-López, J. (2021). Convergence in road transport CO2 emissions in Europe. Energy Economics, 105322.Matsuki, T. (2019). Per capita output convergence across Asian countries: Evidence from covariate unit root test with an endogenous structural break. Economic Modelling, 82, 99-118.Mohamad, R., Kamonchanok, S., & Pongsa, P. (2015). Liner shipping connectivity and international trade in maritime Southeast Asian Countries. Journal of International Logistics and Trade, 13(3), 43-74.Monfort, M., Ordóñez, J., & Sala, H. (2018). Inequality and unemployment patterns in Europe: Does integration lead to (real) convergence? Open Economies Review, 29(4), 703-724.Nagraj, D., & Ghosh, I. (2021). Trade costs between India and ASEAN: A gravity framework. In P. Lakhanpal, J. Mukherjee y D. Tuteja (Eds.), Trade, Investment and Economic Growth Issues for India and Emerging Economies (pp. 73-90). Springer.N’Drin, M. G. R., Dahoro, D. A., Amin, A., & Kassi, D. F. (2022). Measuring convergence of energy and emission efficiencies and technology inequality across African countries. 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Journal of Business & Economic Statistics, 10(3), 251-270.Abdullah Acık, Can Atacan - 2023info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0.http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0https://revistas.uexternado.edu.co/index.php/oasis/article/view/9099Connectivity;convergence;liner shipping;unit rootconectividad;convergencia;transporte marítimo;raíz unitariaAnalyzing the convergence of transport network connectivity: Case for Türkiye and its neighborsAnalyzing the convergence of transport network connectivity: Case for Türkiye and its neighborsArtículo de revistahttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85Textinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articleJournal articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionPublicationOREORE.xmltext/xml2641https://bdigital.uexternado.edu.co/bitstreams/1b07fe25-219a-476b-b17b-44a6ae30811f/download99d573788fdbbbcfe8daf9c0ad1e1f70MD51001/15188oai:bdigital.uexternado.edu.co:001/151882024-06-05 15:05:08.254http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0Abdullah Acık, Can Atacan - 2023https://bdigital.uexternado.edu.coUniversidad Externado de Colombiametabiblioteca@metabiblioteca.org

Analyzing the convergence of transport network connectivity: Case for Türkiye and its neighbors

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