¿Panamá en la ruta del desarrollo sostenible?

Este artículo examina la relación de largo plazo entre emisiones de CO2, PIB y consumo de energía en Panamá durante el periodo 1971-2011 mediante un modelo autorregresivo de retardos distribuidos para comprobar la cointegración de las variables en el largo plazo. Los resultados confirman la presenci...

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Autores:: Zambrano-Monserrate, Manuel A.
Alvarado Sánchez, María
González Sánchez, María
Rivas Ávila, Karen
Beltrán Mora, Marola

Tipo de recurso:: Article of journal

Fecha de publicación:: 2018

Institución:: Universidad Externado de Colombia

Repositorio:: Biblioteca Digital Universidad Externado de Colombia

Idioma:: spa

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repository_id_str
dc.title.spa.fl_str_mv	¿Panamá en la ruta del desarrollo sostenible?
dc.title.translated.eng.fl_str_mv	Is Panama on a sustainable development path?
title	¿Panamá en la ruta del desarrollo sostenible?
spellingShingle	¿Panamá en la ruta del desarrollo sostenible? energy ARDL economic growth Panamá Q56 Q53 C51 C22 energía ARDL crecimiento económico Panamá Q56 Q53 C51 C22 energia ARDL crescimento econômico Panamá Q56 Q53 C51 C22
title_short	¿Panamá en la ruta del desarrollo sostenible?
title_full	¿Panamá en la ruta del desarrollo sostenible?
title_fullStr	¿Panamá en la ruta del desarrollo sostenible?
title_full_unstemmed	¿Panamá en la ruta del desarrollo sostenible?
title_sort	¿Panamá en la ruta del desarrollo sostenible?
dc.creator.fl_str_mv	Zambrano-Monserrate, Manuel A. Alvarado Sánchez, María González Sánchez, María Rivas Ávila, Karen Beltrán Mora, Marola
dc.contributor.author.spa.fl_str_mv	Zambrano-Monserrate, Manuel A. Alvarado Sánchez, María González Sánchez, María Rivas Ávila, Karen Beltrán Mora, Marola
dc.subject.eng.fl_str_mv	energy ARDL economic growth Panamá Q56 Q53 C51 C22
topic	energy ARDL economic growth Panamá Q56 Q53 C51 C22 energía ARDL crecimiento económico Panamá Q56 Q53 C51 C22 energia ARDL crescimento econômico Panamá Q56 Q53 C51 C22
dc.subject.spa.fl_str_mv	energía ARDL crecimiento económico Panamá Q56 Q53 C51 C22 energia ARDL crescimento econômico Panamá Q56 Q53 C51 C22
description	Este artículo examina la relación de largo plazo entre emisiones de CO2, PIB y consumo de energía en Panamá durante el periodo 1971-2011 mediante un modelo autorregresivo de retardos distribuidos para comprobar la cointegración de las variables en el largo plazo. Los resultados confirman la presencia de una curva ambiental de Kuznets y que las emisiones de CO2 y el consumo de energía de fuentes primarias no afectan al crecimiento económico y que la degradación ambiental aumenta con el consumo de energía. Por último, hace recomendaciones de política.
publishDate	2018
dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv	2018-04-04 00:00:00 2022-09-09T21:17:23Z
dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv	2018-04-04 00:00:00 2022-09-09T21:17:23Z
dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv	2018-04-04
dc.type.spa.fl_str_mv	Artículo de revista
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dc.relation.citationedition.spa.fl_str_mv	Núm. 38 , Año 2018 : Enero-Junio
dc.relation.citationendpage.none.fl_str_mv	302
dc.relation.citationissue.spa.fl_str_mv	38
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dc.relation.citationvolume.spa.fl_str_mv	20
dc.relation.ispartofjournal.spa.fl_str_mv	Revista de Economía Institucional
dc.relation.references.spa.fl_str_mv	Acaravci, A. y Ozturk, I. (2010). On the relationship between energy consumption, CO2 emissions and economic growth in Europe. Energy, 35(12), 5412-5420. Ahmad, N., Du, L., Lu, J. et al. (2017). Modelling the CO2 emissions and economic growth in Croatia: Is there any environmental Kuznets curve? Energy, 123(15), 164-172. Al-Mulali, U. y Ozturk, I. (2016). The investigation of environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis in the advanced economies: The role of energy prices. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 54, 1622-1631. Ang, J. B. (2007). CO2 emissions, energy consumption, and output in France. Energy Policy, 35(10), 4772-4778. Ang, J. B. (2008). Economic development, pollutant emissions and energy consumption in Malaysia. Journal of Policy Modeling, 30(2), 271-278. Apergis, N. y Payne, J. E. (2009). CO2 emissions, energy usage, and output in Central America. Energy Policy, 37(8), 3282-3286. Autoridad Nacional del Ambiente. (2011). Segunda Comunicación Nacional ante la Convención Marco de las Naciones Unidas sobre Cambio Climático, Panamá: , ANAM. Banco Mundial (2014). Panorama general 2014. Panamá: BM. Bolük, G. y Mert, M. (2014). Fossil and renewable energy consumption, GHGs and economic growth: Evidence from a panel of European Union (EU) countries. Energy, 74(5), 439-446. Bölük, G. y Mert, M. (2015). The renewable energy, growth and environmental Kuznets curve in Turkey: An ARDL approach. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 52, 587-595. Boutabba, M. A. (2014). The impact of financial development, income, energy and trade on carbon emissions: Evidence from the Indian economy. Economic Modelling, 40, 33-41. Dasgupta, S., Laplante, B., Wang, H. y Wheeler, D. (2002). Confronting the environmental Kuznets curve. The Journal of Economic Perspectives, 16(1), 147-168. Dinda, S. (2004). Environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis: A survey. Ecological Economics, 49(4), 431-455. Du Can, S. de la R., Price, L. y Zwickel, T. (2015). Understanding the full climate change impact of energy consumption and mitigation at the end-use level: A proposed methodology for allocating indirect carbon dioxide emissions. Applied Energy, 159, 548-559. Engle, R. y Granger, C. (1987). Cointegration and error correction representation: Estimation and testing. Econometrica, 55(2), 251-276. Farhani, S., Mrizak, S., Chaibi, A. et al. (2014). The environmental Kuznets curve and sustainability: A panel data analysis. Energy Policy, 71, 189-198. Flores, C. A., Flores-L., A. y Kapetanakis, D. (2014). Lessons from quantile panel estimation of the environmental Kuznets curve. Econometric Reviews, 33(8), 815-853. Fuinhas, J. A. y Marques, A. C. (2012). Energy consumption and economic growth nexus in Portugal, Italy, Greece, Spain and Turkey: An ARDL bounds test approach, 1965-2009. Energy Economics, 34(2), 511-517. Granger, C. (1969). Investigating causal relations by econometric models and cross-spectral methods. Econometrica: Journal of the Econometric Society, 37(3), 424-438. Grossman, G. M. y Krueger, A. B. (1991). Environmental impacts of a North American free trade agreement. NBER working paper 3914. Grossman, G. M. y Krueger, A. B. (1995). Economic growth and the environment. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 110(2), 353-377. Halicioglu, F. (2009). An econometric study of CO2 emissions, energy consumption, income and foreign trade in Turkey. Energy Policy, 37(3), 1156-1164. Hamit-H., M. (2012). Greenhouse gas emissions, energy consumption and economic growth: A panel cointegration analysis from Canadian industrial sector perspective. Energy Economics, 34(1), 358-364. Iwata, H., Okada, K. y Samreth, S. (2011). A note on the environmental Kuznets curve for CO2: A pooled mean group approach. Applied Energy, 88(5), 1986-1996. Jalil, A. y Mahmud, S. F. (2009). Environment Kuznets curve for CO2 emissions: A cointegration analysis for China. Energy Policy, 37(12), 5167-5172. Johansen, S. y Juselius, K. (1990). Maximum likelihood estimation and inference on cointegration - with applications to the demand for money. Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 52(2), 169-210. Jorgenson, D. W. y Wilcoxen, P. J. (1993). Reducing US carbon dioxide emissions: An assessment of different instruments. Journal of Policy Modeling, 15(5), 491-520. Kasman, A. y Duman, Y. S. (2015). CO2 emissions, economic growth, energy consumption, trade and urbanization in new EU member and candidate countries: A panel data analysis. Economic Modelling, 44, 97-103. Laurenceson, J. y Chai, C. H. (2003). Financial reform and economic development in China. Londres: Edward Elgar. Llorca, M. y Meunié, A. (2009). SO2 emissions and the environmental Kuznets curve: The case of Chinese provinces. Journal of Chinese Economic and Business Studies, 7(1), 1-16. Masih, A. M. y Masih, R. (1997). On temporal causal relationship between energy consumption, real income and prices: Some new evidence from Asian energy dependent NICs based on a multivariate cointegration vector error correction approach. Journal of Policy Modeling, 19(4)17-440. McConnell, K. E. (1997). Income and the demand for environmental quality. Environment and Development Economics, 2(4), 383-399. Narayan, P. K. (2005). The saving and investment nexus for China: Evidence from cointegration tests. Applied Economics, 37(17), 1979-1990. ONU (2014). Objetivos de Desarrollo del Milenio, Cuarto Informe de Panamá. Pao, H. T. y Tsai, C. M. (2011). Modeling and forecasting the CO2 emissions, energy consumption, and economic growth in Brazil. Energy, 36(5), 2450-2458. Pesaran, M. H. y Shin, Y. (1998). An autoregressive distributed-lag modelling approach to cointegration analysis. Econometric Society Monographs, 31, 371-413. Pesaran, M. H., Shin, Y. y Smith, R. J. (2001). Bounds testing approaches to the analysis of level relationships. Journal of Applied Econometrics, 16(3), 289-326. Phillips, P. C. y Hansen, B. E. (1990). Statistical inference in instrumental variables regression with I(1) processes. The Review of Economic Studies, 57(1), 99-125. Saboori, B. y Sulaiman, J. (2013). Environmental degradation, economic growth and energy consumption: Evidence of the environmental Kuznets curve in Malaysia. Energy Policy, 60, 892-905. Sadorsky, P. (2014). The effect of urbanization on CO2 emissions in emerging economies. Energy Economics, 41, 147-153. Say, N. P. y Yücel, M. (2006). Energy consumption and CO2 emissions in Turkey: Empirical analysis and future projection based on an economic growth. Energy Policy, 34(18), 3870-3876. Seker, F., Ertugrul, H. M. y Cetin, M. (2015). The impact of foreign direct investment on environmental quality: A bounds testing and causality analysis for Turkey. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 52, 347-356. Shafik, N. y Bandyopadhyay, S. (1992). Economic growth and environmental quality: Time-series and cross-country evidence, 904. Washington DC: World Bank. Shahbaz, M., Lean, H. H. y Shabbir, M. S. (2012). Environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis in Pakistan: Cointegration and Granger causality. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 16(5), 2947-2953. Shahbaz, M., Sbia, R., Hamdi, H. et al. (2014). Economic growth, electricity consumption, urbanization and environmental degradation relationship in United Arab Emirates. Ecological Indicators, 45, 622-631. Soytas, U. y Sari, R. (2009). Energy consumption, economic growth, and carbon emissions: Challenges faced by an EU candidate member. Ecological Economics, 68(6), 1667-1675. Soytas, U., Sari, R. y Ewing, B. T. (2007). Energy consumption, income, and carbon emissions in the United States. Ecological Economics, 62(3), 482-489. Stern, D. I. (2004). The rise and fall of the environmental Kuznets curve. World Development, 32(8), 1419-1439. Wang, Q., Zeng, Y. E. y Wu, B. W. (2016). Exploring the relationship between urbanization, energy consumption, and CO2 emissions in different provinces of China. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 54, 1563-1579. Xepapadeas, A. (2005). Regulation and evolution of compliance in common pool resources. The Scandinavian Journal of Economics, 107(3), 583-599. Zambrano-M., M. A., Silva-Z., C. A., Davalos-P. et al. (2018). Testing environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis in Peru: The role of renewable electricity, petroleum and dry natural gas. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 82, 4170-4178. Zambrano-M., M. A., Troccoly-Q., A. y Pacheco-B., M. J. (2016c). Testing the environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis in Iceland: 1960-2010. Revista de Economía del Rosario, 19(1), 5-28. Zambrano-M., M. A., Valverde-B., I., Aguilar-B., J. et al. (2016a). Relationship between economic growth and environmental degradation: Is there evidence of an environmental Kuznets curve for Brazil? International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, 6(2), pp. 208-216. Zambrano-M., M. A., Carvajal-Lara, C. y Urgiles-S., R. (2016b). Is there an inverted U-shaped curve? Empirical analysis of the environmental Kuznets curve in Singapore. Asia-Pacific Journal of Accounting & Economics, 23(4), 1-18. Zambrano-M., M. A. y Fernández, M. A. (2017). An Environmental Kuznets Curve for N2O emissions in Germany: An ARDL approach. Natural Resources Forum, 41, 119-127.
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spelling	Zambrano-Monserrate, Manuel A.4a54377c-9525-45fc-8639-a1bfb524ec43Alvarado Sánchez, María802b7662-8c98-45a6-9326-2169b99d4d5aGonzález Sánchez, María2b413e1a-ac12-4bf0-aded-b1dbcd989c7cRivas Ávila, Karenab7e160e-2714-429d-a16f-9dd643db7ae2Beltrán Mora, Marola62a3b2da-a077-4e76-a1ba-23c5ad0b3d2d2018-04-04 00:00:002022-09-09T21:17:23Z2018-04-04 00:00:002022-09-09T21:17:23Z2018-04-04Este artículo examina la relación de largo plazo entre emisiones de CO2, PIB y consumo de energía en Panamá durante el periodo 1971-2011 mediante un modelo autorregresivo de retardos distribuidos para comprobar la cointegración de las variables en el largo plazo. Los resultados confirman la presencia de una curva ambiental de Kuznets y que las emisiones de CO2 y el consumo de energía de fuentes primarias no afectan al crecimiento económico y que la degradación ambiental aumenta con el consumo de energía. Por último, hace recomendaciones de política.This article examines the long-term relationship between CO2 emissions, GDP and energy consumption in Panama during the period 1971-2011 through an autoregressive model of distributed delays to verify the cointegration of variables in the long term. The results confirm the presence of an environmental Kuznets curve and that CO2 emissions and energy consumption from primary sources do not affect economic growth and that environmental degradation increases with energy consumption. Finally, it makes some policy recommendations.application/pdfapplication/xmltext/html10.18601/01245996.v20n38.122346-24500124-5996https://bdigital.uexternado.edu.co/handle/001/12184https://doi.org/10.18601/01245996.v20n38.12spaUniversidad Externado de Colombiahttps://revistas.uexternado.edu.co/index.php/ecoins/article/download/5281/6387https://revistas.uexternado.edu.co/index.php/ecoins/article/download/5281/6773https://revistas.uexternado.edu.co/index.php/ecoins/article/download/5281/7003Núm. 38 , Año 2018 : Enero-Junio3023828520Revista de Economía InstitucionalAcaravci, A. y Ozturk, I. (2010). On the relationship between energy consumption, CO2 emissions and economic growth in Europe. Energy, 35(12), 5412-5420.Ahmad, N., Du, L., Lu, J. et al. (2017). Modelling the CO2 emissions and economic growth in Croatia: Is there any environmental Kuznets curve? Energy, 123(15), 164-172.Al-Mulali, U. y Ozturk, I. (2016). The investigation of environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis in the advanced economies: The role of energy prices. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 54, 1622-1631.Ang, J. B. (2007). CO2 emissions, energy consumption, and output in France. Energy Policy, 35(10), 4772-4778.Ang, J. B. (2008). Economic development, pollutant emissions and energy consumption in Malaysia. Journal of Policy Modeling, 30(2), 271-278.Apergis, N. y Payne, J. E. (2009). CO2 emissions, energy usage, and output in Central America. Energy Policy, 37(8), 3282-3286.Autoridad Nacional del Ambiente. (2011). Segunda Comunicación Nacional ante la Convención Marco de las Naciones Unidas sobre Cambio Climático, Panamá: , ANAM.Banco Mundial (2014). Panorama general 2014. Panamá: BM.Bolük, G. y Mert, M. (2014). Fossil and renewable energy consumption, GHGs and economic growth: Evidence from a panel of European Union (EU) countries. Energy, 74(5), 439-446.Bölük, G. y Mert, M. (2015). The renewable energy, growth and environmental Kuznets curve in Turkey: An ARDL approach. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 52, 587-595.Boutabba, M. A. (2014). The impact of financial development, income, energy and trade on carbon emissions: Evidence from the Indian economy. Economic Modelling, 40, 33-41.Dasgupta, S., Laplante, B., Wang, H. y Wheeler, D. (2002). Confronting the environmental Kuznets curve. The Journal of Economic Perspectives, 16(1), 147-168.Dinda, S. (2004). Environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis: A survey. Ecological Economics, 49(4), 431-455.Du Can, S. de la R., Price, L. y Zwickel, T. (2015). Understanding the full climate change impact of energy consumption and mitigation at the end-use level: A proposed methodology for allocating indirect carbon dioxide emissions. Applied Energy, 159, 548-559.Engle, R. y Granger, C. (1987). Cointegration and error correction representation: Estimation and testing. Econometrica, 55(2), 251-276.Farhani, S., Mrizak, S., Chaibi, A. et al. (2014). The environmental Kuznets curve and sustainability: A panel data analysis. Energy Policy, 71, 189-198.Flores, C. A., Flores-L., A. y Kapetanakis, D. (2014). Lessons from quantile panel estimation of the environmental Kuznets curve. Econometric Reviews, 33(8), 815-853.Fuinhas, J. A. y Marques, A. C. (2012). Energy consumption and economic growth nexus in Portugal, Italy, Greece, Spain and Turkey: An ARDL bounds test approach, 1965-2009. Energy Economics, 34(2), 511-517.Granger, C. (1969). Investigating causal relations by econometric models and cross-spectral methods. Econometrica: Journal of the Econometric Society, 37(3), 424-438.Grossman, G. M. y Krueger, A. B. (1991). Environmental impacts of a North American free trade agreement. NBER working paper 3914.Grossman, G. M. y Krueger, A. B. (1995). Economic growth and the environment. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 110(2), 353-377.Halicioglu, F. (2009). An econometric study of CO2 emissions, energy consumption, income and foreign trade in Turkey. Energy Policy, 37(3), 1156-1164.Hamit-H., M. (2012). Greenhouse gas emissions, energy consumption and economic growth: A panel cointegration analysis from Canadian industrial sector perspective. Energy Economics, 34(1), 358-364.Iwata, H., Okada, K. y Samreth, S. (2011). A note on the environmental Kuznets curve for CO2: A pooled mean group approach. Applied Energy, 88(5), 1986-1996.Jalil, A. y Mahmud, S. F. (2009). Environment Kuznets curve for CO2 emissions: A cointegration analysis for China. Energy Policy, 37(12), 5167-5172.Johansen, S. y Juselius, K. (1990). Maximum likelihood estimation and inference on cointegration - with applications to the demand for money. Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 52(2), 169-210.Jorgenson, D. W. y Wilcoxen, P. J. (1993). Reducing US carbon dioxide emissions: An assessment of different instruments. Journal of Policy Modeling, 15(5), 491-520.Kasman, A. y Duman, Y. S. (2015). CO2 emissions, economic growth, energy consumption, trade and urbanization in new EU member and candidate countries: A panel data analysis. Economic Modelling, 44, 97-103.Laurenceson, J. y Chai, C. H. (2003). Financial reform and economic development in China. Londres: Edward Elgar.Llorca, M. y Meunié, A. (2009). SO2 emissions and the environmental Kuznets curve: The case of Chinese provinces. Journal of Chinese Economic and Business Studies, 7(1), 1-16.Masih, A. M. y Masih, R. (1997). On temporal causal relationship between energy consumption, real income and prices: Some new evidence from Asian energy dependent NICs based on a multivariate cointegration vector error correction approach. Journal of Policy Modeling, 19(4)17-440.McConnell, K. E. (1997). Income and the demand for environmental quality. Environment and Development Economics, 2(4), 383-399.Narayan, P. K. (2005). The saving and investment nexus for China: Evidence from cointegration tests. Applied Economics, 37(17), 1979-1990.ONU (2014). Objetivos de Desarrollo del Milenio, Cuarto Informe de Panamá.Pao, H. T. y Tsai, C. M. (2011). Modeling and forecasting the CO2 emissions, energy consumption, and economic growth in Brazil. Energy, 36(5), 2450-2458.Pesaran, M. H. y Shin, Y. (1998). An autoregressive distributed-lag modelling approach to cointegration analysis. Econometric Society Monographs, 31, 371-413.Pesaran, M. H., Shin, Y. y Smith, R. J. (2001). Bounds testing approaches to the analysis of level relationships. Journal of Applied Econometrics, 16(3), 289-326.Phillips, P. C. y Hansen, B. E. (1990). Statistical inference in instrumental variables regression with I(1) processes. The Review of Economic Studies, 57(1), 99-125.Saboori, B. y Sulaiman, J. (2013). Environmental degradation, economic growth and energy consumption: Evidence of the environmental Kuznets curve in Malaysia. Energy Policy, 60, 892-905.Sadorsky, P. (2014). The effect of urbanization on CO2 emissions in emerging economies. Energy Economics, 41, 147-153.Say, N. P. y Yücel, M. (2006). Energy consumption and CO2 emissions in Turkey: Empirical analysis and future projection based on an economic growth. Energy Policy, 34(18), 3870-3876.Seker, F., Ertugrul, H. M. y Cetin, M. (2015). The impact of foreign direct investment on environmental quality: A bounds testing and causality analysis for Turkey. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 52, 347-356.Shafik, N. y Bandyopadhyay, S. (1992). Economic growth and environmental quality: Time-series and cross-country evidence, 904. Washington DC: World Bank.Shahbaz, M., Lean, H. H. y Shabbir, M. S. (2012). Environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis in Pakistan: Cointegration and Granger causality. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 16(5), 2947-2953.Shahbaz, M., Sbia, R., Hamdi, H. et al. (2014). Economic growth, electricity consumption, urbanization and environmental degradation relationship in United Arab Emirates. Ecological Indicators, 45, 622-631.Soytas, U. y Sari, R. (2009). Energy consumption, economic growth, and carbon emissions: Challenges faced by an EU candidate member. Ecological Economics, 68(6), 1667-1675.Soytas, U., Sari, R. y Ewing, B. T. (2007). Energy consumption, income, and carbon emissions in the United States. Ecological Economics, 62(3), 482-489.Stern, D. I. (2004). The rise and fall of the environmental Kuznets curve. World Development, 32(8), 1419-1439.Wang, Q., Zeng, Y. E. y Wu, B. W. (2016). Exploring the relationship between urbanization, energy consumption, and CO2 emissions in different provinces of China. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 54, 1563-1579.Xepapadeas, A. (2005). Regulation and evolution of compliance in common pool resources. The Scandinavian Journal of Economics, 107(3), 583-599.Zambrano-M., M. A., Silva-Z., C. 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An Environmental Kuznets Curve for N2O emissions in Germany: An ARDL approach. Natural Resources Forum, 41, 119-127.info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/https://revistas.uexternado.edu.co/index.php/ecoins/article/view/5281energyARDLeconomic growthPanamáQ56Q53C51C22energíaARDLcrecimiento económicoPanamáQ56Q53C51C22energiaARDLcrescimento econômicoPanamáQ56Q53C51C22¿Panamá en la ruta del desarrollo sostenible?Is Panama on a sustainable development path?Artículo de revistahttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85Textinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articleJournal articlehttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/ARTREFinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionPublicationOREORE.xmltext/xml2712https://bdigital.uexternado.edu.co/bitstreams/44d4c31e-078b-4682-8071-62694d64ba5d/download922142a25e5d34fc633fd701b6d81e8bMD51001/12184oai:bdigital.uexternado.edu.co:001/121842023-08-14 15:20:04.677https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/https://bdigital.uexternado.edu.coUniversidad Externado de Colombiametabiblioteca@metabiblioteca.org

¿Panamá en la ruta del desarrollo sostenible?

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