Proceso de aprendizaje de grupos terroristas: análisis a partir de una lectura estratégica

Conocer cómo los grupos terroristas adquieren, retienen, aplican y distribuyen conocimiento es un factor esencial para la aplicación de políticas públicas en seguridad. En el presente artículo se abordarán los procesos de aprendizaje de grupos terroristas e insurgentes a través de la discusión teóri...

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Autores:
Vargas Villamizar, Carlos Enrique
Tipo de recurso:
Article of journal
Fecha de publicación:
2022
Institución:
Universidad Externado de Colombia
Repositorio:
Biblioteca Digital Universidad Externado de Colombia
Idioma:
spa
OAI Identifier:
oai:bdigital.uexternado.edu.co:001/9011
Acceso en línea:
https://bdigital.uexternado.edu.co/handle/001/9011
https://doi.org/10.18601/16578651.n31.08
Palabra clave:
Terrorism;
insurgency;
learning;
strategy;
Daesh;
Islamic State
terrorismo;
insurgencia;
aprendizaje;
estrategia;
Daesh;
Estado Islámico
Rights
openAccess
License
Carlos Enrique Vargas Villamizar - 2022
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oai_identifier_str oai:bdigital.uexternado.edu.co:001/9011
network_acronym_str uexternad2
network_name_str Biblioteca Digital Universidad Externado de Colombia
repository_id_str
dc.title.spa.fl_str_mv Proceso de aprendizaje de grupos terroristas: análisis a partir de una lectura estratégica
dc.title.translated.eng.fl_str_mv Terrorist Groups Learning Process: Analysis Through a Strategic Reading
title Proceso de aprendizaje de grupos terroristas: análisis a partir de una lectura estratégica
spellingShingle Proceso de aprendizaje de grupos terroristas: análisis a partir de una lectura estratégica
Terrorism;
insurgency;
learning;
strategy;
Daesh;
Islamic State
terrorismo;
insurgencia;
aprendizaje;
estrategia;
Daesh;
Estado Islámico
title_short Proceso de aprendizaje de grupos terroristas: análisis a partir de una lectura estratégica
title_full Proceso de aprendizaje de grupos terroristas: análisis a partir de una lectura estratégica
title_fullStr Proceso de aprendizaje de grupos terroristas: análisis a partir de una lectura estratégica
title_full_unstemmed Proceso de aprendizaje de grupos terroristas: análisis a partir de una lectura estratégica
title_sort Proceso de aprendizaje de grupos terroristas: análisis a partir de una lectura estratégica
dc.creator.fl_str_mv Vargas Villamizar, Carlos Enrique
dc.contributor.author.spa.fl_str_mv Vargas Villamizar, Carlos Enrique
dc.subject.eng.fl_str_mv Terrorism;
insurgency;
learning;
strategy;
Daesh;
Islamic State
topic Terrorism;
insurgency;
learning;
strategy;
Daesh;
Islamic State
terrorismo;
insurgencia;
aprendizaje;
estrategia;
Daesh;
Estado Islámico
dc.subject.spa.fl_str_mv terrorismo;
insurgencia;
aprendizaje;
estrategia;
Daesh;
Estado Islámico
description Conocer cómo los grupos terroristas adquieren, retienen, aplican y distribuyen conocimiento es un factor esencial para la aplicación de políticas públicas en seguridad. En el presente artículo se abordarán los procesos de aprendizaje de grupos terroristas e insurgentes a través de la discusión teórica de exponentes de los estudios de seguridad, a fin de ser comparados para ofrecer un marco que pueda satisfacer la realidad estratégica de varios de estos grupos. De igual forma, se realiza un estudio comparado de diferentes teatros de operaciones para evidenciar las características de las curvas de aprendizaje de grupos terroristas desde Daesh, hasta ETA y el IRA. El esfuerzo académico consignado en el presente artículo puede dar luces sobre cómo negar ventajas estratégicas a grupos terroristas e insurgentes mediante la aplicación de políticas públicas que tengan en cuenta tanto sus procesos de aprendizaje como su espectro estratégico.
publishDate 2022
dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv 2022-06-14 15:24:28
2022-09-09T17:49:12Z
dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv 2022-06-14 15:24:28
2022-09-09T17:49:12Z
dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv 2022-06-14
dc.type.spa.fl_str_mv Artículo de revista
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dc.relation.references.spa.fl_str_mv Abrahms, M. (2018). Rules for rebels: The science of victory in militant history. Oxford University Press.
Art, R. y Waltz, K. (2004). The Use of Force. Rowman & Amp. Littlefield.
Arreguín-Toft, I. (2008). How the weak win wars: a theory of asymmetric conflict. Cambridge University Press.
Atran, S. (2006). The moral logic and growth of suicide terrorism. The Washington Quarterly, 29(2), 127-147. doi:10.1162/016366006776026239
Beaufre, A. (1998). Introduction à la stratégie. Hachette-Pluriel.
Bauer, K. (2018). Survey of Terrorist Groups and Their Means of Financing. The Washington Institute for Near East Policy. https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/media/1321
Beaufre, A. (1965). An Introduction to Strategy: With Particular Reference to Problems of Defense, Politics, Economics, and Diplomacy in the Nuclear Age. Praeger.
Blainey, G. (1988). Causes of War. Free Press Chaliand, G. (1994). Stratégies de la guérilla. Payot.
Chaliand, G. (2003). Les stratégies du terrorismo. Desclée de Brouwer.
Criminal statistics of the Federal Criminal Police Office (Bundeskriminalamt). https://www.bka.de/DE/AktuelleInformationen/StatistikenLagebilder/PolizeilicheKriminalstatistik/pks_node.html
Clausewitz, C. V. (1955). De la guerre. Edition de Minuit. Dolnik, A. (2007). Understanding Terrorist Innovation: Technology, Tactics and Global Trends. Abingdon: Routledge.
Galula, D. (2010). Counterinsurgency warfare: theory and practice. Pentagon Press.
George, S. (2005). Connectivism: A learning theory for the digital age. International Journal of Instructional Technology and Distance Learning, 2(1).
Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) (2006). Press release: Lebanese-US government cooperate and disrupt plan to NY-NJ transportation system. FBI National Press Office.https://web.archive.org/web/20161226165747/https://www2.fbi.gov/pressrel/pressrel06/transportation_threat070706.htm
Ferdi, S. (1981). Les débuts de la guerre d’Algérie. Stratégie de la guérilla-anthologie historique de la longue marche à nos jours (pp. 119-125). SEUIL.
Forest, J. (2006). Teaching terror: Strategic and tactical learning in the terrorist world. Rowman and Littlefield Publishers.
Gartenstein-Ross, D. (2017). The Manchester attack shows how terrorist learn. The Atlantic. https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2017/05/manchester-terrorism-isis-attackal- qaeda/527748/
Gibbons-Neff, T. (2017). ISIS drones are attacking U.S. troops and disrupting airstrikes in Raqqa. The Washington Post.https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/checkpoint/wp/2017/06/14/isis-drones-are-attacking-u-s-troops-and-disrupting-airstrikes-in-raqqa-officials-say/?utm_term=.d8b3cdd8c9b3
Hoffman, B. (2006). Inside terrorism. Columbia University Press.
Koerner, B. I. (2016). Why ISIS is winning the social media war. Wired. https://www.wired.com/2016/03/isis-winning-social-media-war-heres-beat/
Laqueur, W. (2004). The changing face of terror. The Use of Force, 6, 454.
Jackson, B. et al. (2005). Organizational Learning in terrorist groups and its implications for combating terrorism. Infrastructure, Safety and Environment, RAND Corporation.
Jackson, B. A., Baker, J. C. y Cragin, K. (2005). Aptitude for Destruction: Case studies of organizational learning in five terrorist groups (vol. 2). RAND Corporation.
Jenkins, B. M. (2004). International terrorism. En R. Art. y K. Waltz (ed.). The use of force: military power and international politics. Rowman & Littlefield Publishing Group Inc.
Katagiri, N. (2015). Adapting to win: how insurgents fight and defeat foreign states in war. University of Pennsylvania Press.
Katz, R. (2016). ISIS’s Mobile App Developers Are in Crisis Mode. VICE. https://www.vice.com/en/article/qkj34q/isis-mobile-app-developers-arein-crisis-mode
Kettle, L. y Mumford, A. (2016). Terrorist learning: A new analytical framework. Studies in Conflict and Terrorism, 40(7), 523-538.
Kirchbach, H. P. (1989). Clausewitz and the culmination point of victory. U.S. Army War College.
Liddell Hart, B. (1998). Stratégie. Perrin.
Luttwak, E. N. (1987). The Logic of War and Peace. Belknap.
Mazarr, M. J. (2008). The folly of ‘asymmetric war’. The Washington Quarterly, 31(3), 33-53. doi:10.1162/wash.2008.31.3.33
Molloy, M. (2017). Islamic State textbooks featuring guns and tanks ‘used to teach children maths’ in school. The Telegraph. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2017/02/16/isistextbooks-featuring-guns-tanks-used-teach-children-maths/
Moore, P. (2017). International Terrorism. En D. Reveron et al. (Eds.), The Oxford Handbook of U.S. National Security. Oxford University Press. DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190680015.013.27
Mumford, A. (2015). How terrorist groups ‘learn’: Innovation and adaptation in political violence. British Academy Review, 26. https://www.britac.ac.uk/sites/default/files/BAR26-08-Mumford.pdf
Murray, W. M. y Bernstein, A. (2009). The making of strategy: rulers, states, and war. Cambridge University Press.
Niiler, E. (2014). Knife vs. Gun: What a Weapon Reveals. https://www.seeker.com/knife-vs-gun-what-aweapon-reveals-1768455243.html
Oficina de Estadística Criminal de la Policía de Alemania (s. f.). www.bka.de/DE/AktuelleInformationen/StatistikenLagebilder/PolizeilicheKriminalstatistik/pks _node.html
Parachini, J. (2005). Aum Shinrikyo. En B. Jackson. Aptitude for Destruction. Volume 2: Case Studies of Organizational Learning in Five Terrorist Groups. RAND Corporation.
Richardson, L. (2006). Roots of Terrorism. Campus Press.
Rose, S. (2014). The Isis propaganda war: a hi-tech media jihad. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/oct/07/isis-media-machinepropaganda-war
Zimmerman, K. (2017). America’s Real Enemy. Critical Threats. American Enterprise Institute.
dc.rights.spa.fl_str_mv Carlos Enrique Vargas Villamizar - 2022
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spelling Vargas Villamizar, Carlos Enriquef3276c09-ad16-437a-bd1c-2fabdd131c6f2022-06-14 15:24:282022-09-09T17:49:12Z2022-06-14 15:24:282022-09-09T17:49:12Z2022-06-14Conocer cómo los grupos terroristas adquieren, retienen, aplican y distribuyen conocimiento es un factor esencial para la aplicación de políticas públicas en seguridad. En el presente artículo se abordarán los procesos de aprendizaje de grupos terroristas e insurgentes a través de la discusión teórica de exponentes de los estudios de seguridad, a fin de ser comparados para ofrecer un marco que pueda satisfacer la realidad estratégica de varios de estos grupos. De igual forma, se realiza un estudio comparado de diferentes teatros de operaciones para evidenciar las características de las curvas de aprendizaje de grupos terroristas desde Daesh, hasta ETA y el IRA. El esfuerzo académico consignado en el presente artículo puede dar luces sobre cómo negar ventajas estratégicas a grupos terroristas e insurgentes mediante la aplicación de políticas públicas que tengan en cuenta tanto sus procesos de aprendizaje como su espectro estratégico.Knowing how terrorist groups acquire, retain, apply, and distribute knowledge is an essential factor for the application of public security policies. This article will address the learning processes of terrorist and insurgent groups through the theoretical discussion of exponents of security studies, with the aim of being compared to provide a framework that can meet the strategic reality of several of these groups. Likewise, a comparative study of different theaters of operations is carried out to evidence the characteristics of the learning curves of terrorist groups from Daesh, ETA and the IRA. The academic effort consigned in this article can shed light on how to deny strategic advantages to terrorist and insurgent groups through the application of public policies that take into account the learning processes and the strategic spectrum of these groups.application/pdf10.18601/16578651.n31.082346-21591657-8651https://bdigital.uexternado.edu.co/handle/001/9011https://doi.org/10.18601/16578651.n31.08spaFacultad de Finanzas, Gobierno y Relaciones Internacionaleshttps://revistas.uexternado.edu.co/index.php/opera/article/download/7876/11785Núm. 31 , Año 2022 : Julio-Diciembre15431139OperaAbrahms, M. (2018). Rules for rebels: The science of victory in militant history. Oxford University Press.Art, R. y Waltz, K. (2004). The Use of Force. Rowman & Amp. Littlefield.Arreguín-Toft, I. (2008). How the weak win wars: a theory of asymmetric conflict. Cambridge University Press.Atran, S. (2006). The moral logic and growth of suicide terrorism. The Washington Quarterly, 29(2), 127-147. doi:10.1162/016366006776026239Beaufre, A. (1998). Introduction à la stratégie. Hachette-Pluriel.Bauer, K. (2018). Survey of Terrorist Groups and Their Means of Financing. The Washington Institute for Near East Policy. https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/media/1321Beaufre, A. (1965). An Introduction to Strategy: With Particular Reference to Problems of Defense, Politics, Economics, and Diplomacy in the Nuclear Age. Praeger.Blainey, G. (1988). Causes of War. Free Press Chaliand, G. (1994). Stratégies de la guérilla. Payot.Chaliand, G. (2003). Les stratégies du terrorismo. Desclée de Brouwer.Criminal statistics of the Federal Criminal Police Office (Bundeskriminalamt). https://www.bka.de/DE/AktuelleInformationen/StatistikenLagebilder/PolizeilicheKriminalstatistik/pks_node.htmlClausewitz, C. V. (1955). De la guerre. Edition de Minuit. Dolnik, A. (2007). Understanding Terrorist Innovation: Technology, Tactics and Global Trends. Abingdon: Routledge.Galula, D. (2010). Counterinsurgency warfare: theory and practice. Pentagon Press.George, S. (2005). Connectivism: A learning theory for the digital age. International Journal of Instructional Technology and Distance Learning, 2(1).Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) (2006). Press release: Lebanese-US government cooperate and disrupt plan to NY-NJ transportation system. FBI National Press Office.https://web.archive.org/web/20161226165747/https://www2.fbi.gov/pressrel/pressrel06/transportation_threat070706.htmFerdi, S. (1981). Les débuts de la guerre d’Algérie. Stratégie de la guérilla-anthologie historique de la longue marche à nos jours (pp. 119-125). SEUIL.Forest, J. (2006). Teaching terror: Strategic and tactical learning in the terrorist world. Rowman and Littlefield Publishers.Gartenstein-Ross, D. (2017). The Manchester attack shows how terrorist learn. The Atlantic. https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2017/05/manchester-terrorism-isis-attackal- qaeda/527748/Gibbons-Neff, T. (2017). ISIS drones are attacking U.S. troops and disrupting airstrikes in Raqqa. The Washington Post.https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/checkpoint/wp/2017/06/14/isis-drones-are-attacking-u-s-troops-and-disrupting-airstrikes-in-raqqa-officials-say/?utm_term=.d8b3cdd8c9b3Hoffman, B. (2006). Inside terrorism. Columbia University Press.Koerner, B. I. (2016). Why ISIS is winning the social media war. Wired. https://www.wired.com/2016/03/isis-winning-social-media-war-heres-beat/Laqueur, W. (2004). The changing face of terror. The Use of Force, 6, 454.Jackson, B. et al. (2005). Organizational Learning in terrorist groups and its implications for combating terrorism. Infrastructure, Safety and Environment, RAND Corporation.Jackson, B. A., Baker, J. C. y Cragin, K. (2005). Aptitude for Destruction: Case studies of organizational learning in five terrorist groups (vol. 2). RAND Corporation.Jenkins, B. M. (2004). International terrorism. En R. Art. y K. Waltz (ed.). The use of force: military power and international politics. Rowman & Littlefield Publishing Group Inc.Katagiri, N. (2015). Adapting to win: how insurgents fight and defeat foreign states in war. University of Pennsylvania Press.Katz, R. (2016). ISIS’s Mobile App Developers Are in Crisis Mode. VICE. https://www.vice.com/en/article/qkj34q/isis-mobile-app-developers-arein-crisis-modeKettle, L. y Mumford, A. (2016). Terrorist learning: A new analytical framework. Studies in Conflict and Terrorism, 40(7), 523-538.Kirchbach, H. P. (1989). Clausewitz and the culmination point of victory. U.S. Army War College.Liddell Hart, B. (1998). Stratégie. Perrin.Luttwak, E. N. (1987). The Logic of War and Peace. Belknap.Mazarr, M. J. (2008). The folly of ‘asymmetric war’. The Washington Quarterly, 31(3), 33-53. doi:10.1162/wash.2008.31.3.33Molloy, M. (2017). Islamic State textbooks featuring guns and tanks ‘used to teach children maths’ in school. The Telegraph. http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2017/02/16/isistextbooks-featuring-guns-tanks-used-teach-children-maths/Moore, P. (2017). International Terrorism. En D. Reveron et al. (Eds.), The Oxford Handbook of U.S. National Security. Oxford University Press. DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190680015.013.27Mumford, A. (2015). How terrorist groups ‘learn’: Innovation and adaptation in political violence. British Academy Review, 26. https://www.britac.ac.uk/sites/default/files/BAR26-08-Mumford.pdfMurray, W. M. y Bernstein, A. (2009). The making of strategy: rulers, states, and war. Cambridge University Press.Niiler, E. (2014). Knife vs. Gun: What a Weapon Reveals. https://www.seeker.com/knife-vs-gun-what-aweapon-reveals-1768455243.htmlOficina de Estadística Criminal de la Policía de Alemania (s. f.). www.bka.de/DE/AktuelleInformationen/StatistikenLagebilder/PolizeilicheKriminalstatistik/pks _node.htmlParachini, J. (2005). Aum Shinrikyo. En B. Jackson. Aptitude for Destruction. Volume 2: Case Studies of Organizational Learning in Five Terrorist Groups. RAND Corporation.Richardson, L. (2006). Roots of Terrorism. Campus Press.Rose, S. (2014). The Isis propaganda war: a hi-tech media jihad. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/oct/07/isis-media-machinepropaganda-warZimmerman, K. (2017). America’s Real Enemy. Critical Threats. American Enterprise Institute.Carlos Enrique Vargas Villamizar - 2022info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0.http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0https://revistas.uexternado.edu.co/index.php/opera/article/view/7876Terrorism;insurgency;learning;strategy;Daesh;Islamic Stateterrorismo;insurgencia;aprendizaje;estrategia;Daesh;Estado IslámicoProceso de aprendizaje de grupos terroristas: análisis a partir de una lectura estratégicaTerrorist Groups Learning Process: Analysis Through a Strategic ReadingArtículo de revistahttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85Textinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articleJournal articlehttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/ARTREFinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionPublicationOREORE.xmltext/xml2587https://bdigital.uexternado.edu.co/bitstreams/f6b63e71-6d33-4ff4-8340-5295a6d7bbc4/download04c32166b2878bcc4908dedf368734aaMD51001/9011oai:bdigital.uexternado.edu.co:001/90112023-08-14 15:19:00.798http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0Carlos Enrique Vargas Villamizar - 2022https://bdigital.uexternado.edu.coUniversidad Externado de Colombiametabiblioteca@metabiblioteca.org

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