Legalización de la marihuana y cannaturismo: ¿una oportunidad para destinos turísticos mexicanos?

El cannaturismo es un fenómeno que está emergiendo a raíz de la legalización de la marihuana en varios estados de los Estados Unidos, y en Canadá. En México se aprobó un proyecto de ley para legalizar esta droga para consumo recreativo pero existen muchas preocupaciones sobre sus posibles efectos en...

Full description

Autores:
Camargo, Blanca A.
Flores, Luisina Andrea
González, Linda Mariel
Pereda, Ana Camila
Villanueva, Karla Berenice
Tipo de recurso:
Article of journal
Fecha de publicación:
2021
Institución:
Universidad Externado de Colombia
Repositorio:
Biblioteca Digital Universidad Externado de Colombia
Idioma:
spa
OAI Identifier:
oai:bdigital.uexternado.edu.co:001/11300
Acceso en línea:
https://bdigital.uexternado.edu.co/handle/001/11300
https://doi.org/10.18601/01207555.n30.07
Palabra clave:
marijuana tourism,
legalization of marijuana,
cannabis,
drug tourism
legalización de marihuana,
cannaturismo,
turismo de drogas,
cannabis
Rights
openAccess
License
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
id uexternad2_d48def8ea240287f9ed247e031fa6b22
oai_identifier_str oai:bdigital.uexternado.edu.co:001/11300
network_acronym_str uexternad2
network_name_str Biblioteca Digital Universidad Externado de Colombia
repository_id_str
dc.title.spa.fl_str_mv Legalización de la marihuana y cannaturismo: ¿una oportunidad para destinos turísticos mexicanos?
dc.title.translated.eng.fl_str_mv Marijuana Legalization and Cannatourism: An Opportunity for Mexican Tourist Destination?
title Legalización de la marihuana y cannaturismo: ¿una oportunidad para destinos turísticos mexicanos?
spellingShingle Legalización de la marihuana y cannaturismo: ¿una oportunidad para destinos turísticos mexicanos?
marijuana tourism,
legalization of marijuana,
cannabis,
drug tourism
legalización de marihuana,
cannaturismo,
turismo de drogas,
cannabis
title_short Legalización de la marihuana y cannaturismo: ¿una oportunidad para destinos turísticos mexicanos?
title_full Legalización de la marihuana y cannaturismo: ¿una oportunidad para destinos turísticos mexicanos?
title_fullStr Legalización de la marihuana y cannaturismo: ¿una oportunidad para destinos turísticos mexicanos?
title_full_unstemmed Legalización de la marihuana y cannaturismo: ¿una oportunidad para destinos turísticos mexicanos?
title_sort Legalización de la marihuana y cannaturismo: ¿una oportunidad para destinos turísticos mexicanos?
dc.creator.fl_str_mv Camargo, Blanca A.
Flores, Luisina Andrea
González, Linda Mariel
Pereda, Ana Camila
Villanueva, Karla Berenice
dc.contributor.author.spa.fl_str_mv Camargo, Blanca A.
Flores, Luisina Andrea
González, Linda Mariel
Pereda, Ana Camila
Villanueva, Karla Berenice
dc.subject.eng.fl_str_mv marijuana tourism,
legalization of marijuana,
cannabis,
drug tourism
topic marijuana tourism,
legalization of marijuana,
cannabis,
drug tourism
legalización de marihuana,
cannaturismo,
turismo de drogas,
cannabis
dc.subject.spa.fl_str_mv legalización de marihuana,
cannaturismo,
turismo de drogas,
cannabis
description El cannaturismo es un fenómeno que está emergiendo a raíz de la legalización de la marihuana en varios estados de los Estados Unidos, y en Canadá. En México se aprobó un proyecto de ley para legalizar esta droga para consumo recreativo pero existen muchas preocupaciones sobre sus posibles efectos en la sociedad. Con base en una revisión de literatura y estadísticas oficiales, este artículo examina las implicaciones de la legalización de esta droga para la sociedad, en general, y la industria turística en particular. Se identificó el surgimiento de una variada y dinámica oferta cannaturística, que, de implementarse de manera regulada, puede diversificar la oferta turística de los destinos mexicanos. También se encontró que los impactos de la legalización de la marihuana tienden a ser mayormente positivos y pueden contribuir a aliviar problemáticas económicas y sociales en destinos turísticos. Se discuten las posibles implicaciones de la legalización de esta droga para México.
publishDate 2021
dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv 2021-01-01
dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv 2022-01-01 00:00:00
2022-09-09T21:06:22Z
dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv 2022-01-01 00:00:00
2022-09-09T21:06:22Z
dc.type.spa.fl_str_mv Artículo de revista
dc.type.coar.fl_str_mv http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1
dc.type.coar.spa.fl_str_mv http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
dc.type.coarversion.spa.fl_str_mv http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85
dc.type.content.spa.fl_str_mv Text
dc.type.driver.spa.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
dc.type.local.eng.fl_str_mv Journal article
dc.type.redcol.spa.fl_str_mv http://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/ARTREF
dc.type.version.spa.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
format http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
status_str publishedVersion
dc.identifier.doi.none.fl_str_mv 10.18601/01207555.n30.07
dc.identifier.eissn.none.fl_str_mv 2346-206X
dc.identifier.issn.none.fl_str_mv 0120-7555
dc.identifier.uri.none.fl_str_mv https://bdigital.uexternado.edu.co/handle/001/11300
dc.identifier.url.none.fl_str_mv https://doi.org/10.18601/01207555.n30.07
identifier_str_mv 10.18601/01207555.n30.07
2346-206X
0120-7555
url https://bdigital.uexternado.edu.co/handle/001/11300
https://doi.org/10.18601/01207555.n30.07
dc.language.iso.spa.fl_str_mv spa
language spa
dc.relation.bitstream.none.fl_str_mv https://revistas.uexternado.edu.co/index.php/tursoc/article/download/7657/12006
https://revistas.uexternado.edu.co/index.php/tursoc/article/download/7657/12007
https://revistas.uexternado.edu.co/index.php/tursoc/article/download/7657/12008
dc.relation.citationedition.spa.fl_str_mv , Año 2022 : Enero-Junio
dc.relation.citationendpage.none.fl_str_mv 147
dc.relation.citationstartpage.none.fl_str_mv 127
dc.relation.citationvolume.spa.fl_str_mv 30
dc.relation.ispartofjournal.spa.fl_str_mv Turismo y Sociedad
dc.relation.references.spa.fl_str_mv Alaska Department of Revenue. Tax Division (2019). Marijuana Tax 2019 Annual Report. http://tax.alaska.gov/programs/programs/reports/Annual.aspx?60000&Year=2017
Alaska Department of Labor & Workforce Development (2018). Marijuana: A new Industry. https://www.commerce.alaska.gov/web/Portals/9/pub/HomePage/akeconTrends.pdf?ver=2018-05-17-161235-803&timestamp=1526602361869
Anderson, D. M., Hansen, B., Rees, D. I. & Sabia, J. J. (2019). Association of Marijuana Laws With Teen Marijuana Use: New Estimates From the Youth Risk Behavior Surveys. jama Pediatrics, 173(9), 879-881.
Aydelotte, J. D., Brown, L. H., Luftman, K. M., Mardock, A. L., Teixeira, P. G., Coopwood, B. & Brown, C. V. (2017). Crash fatality rates after recreational marijuana legalization in Washington and Colorado. American Journal of Public Health, 107(8), 1329-1331.
Belhassen, Y., Santos, C. & Uriely, N. (2007). Cannabis Usage in Tourism: A Sociological Perspective. Leisure Studies, 26(3), 303-319.
Bellis, M. A., Hale, G., Bennett, A., Chaudry, M. & Kilfoyle, M. (2000). Ibiza uncovered: changes in substance use and sexual behavior amongst young people visiting an international night-life resort. International Journal of Drug Policy, 11(3), 235-244.
Bellis, M. A., Hughes, K. E., Dillon, P., Copeland, J. & Gates, P. (2007). Effects of backpacking holidays in Australia on alcohol, tobacco and drug use of UK residents. BMC Public Health. 7(1), 1-10.
Bellis, M. A., Hughes, K., Calafat, A., Juan, M. & Schnitzer, S. (2009). Relative contributions of holiday location and nationality to changes in recreational drug taking behaviour: A natural experiment in the Balearic Islands. European Addiction Research 15(2), 78-86.
Bleiberg, L., (2017). 10 best 4/20 sites: Where marijuana history was made. https://www.usatoday.com/story/travel/destinations/10greatplaces/2017/04/14/marijuana/100411970/
Buultjens, J., Neale, K., Lamont, M. (2013). Hosts, guests and a drug culture in a destination: A case study of Nimbin, Australia. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 2 (3), 185-195.
California Department of Tax and Fee Administration (2020). California Department of Tax and Fee Administration Reports Cannabis Tax Revenues for the Fourth Quarter of 2019. https://www.cdtfa.ca.gov/news/20-03.htm
Cannabis World Congress & Business Exposition (2018). Cannabis means business. https://www.cwcbexpo.com
Cannabition Cannabis Museum. (2018). About. https://cannabition.com/about/
Canadian Kush Tours. (2018). Packages. Recuperado de http://www.canadiankushtours.com/packages/
Chang, T. Y. & Jacobson, M. (2017). Going to pot? The impact of dispensary closures on crime. Journal of Urban Economics, 100, 120-136.
Colorado Department of Revenue (2020). Marijuana Tax Data. https://www.colorado.gov/pacific/revenue/colorado-marijuana-tax-data
Colorado General Assembly. (2018) Law Summary: Retail Marijuana. https://leg.colorado.gov/publications/law-summary-retail-marijuana
Colorado Pot Guide. (2018) Where to buy marijuana in Colorado. https://www.coloradopotguide.com/where-to-buy-marijuana/
De la Torre, M. & Navarrete Escobedo. D. (2018). Turismo y narcotráfico. Estudios y Perspectivas en Turismo 27, pp. 867-882.
Dills, A., Goffard, S., Miron, J. (2016). The Effect of State Marijuana Legalizations. Cato Institute Policy Analysis.
Dragone, D., Prarolo, G., Vanin, P. & Zanella, G. (2019). Crime and the legalization of recreational marijuana. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 159, 488-501.
Drug Policy Alliance (2018). From Prohibition to Progress: A Status Report on Marijuana Legalization: What We Know About Marijuana Legalization in Eight States and Washington, D.C. https://www.drugpolicy.org/sites/default/f iles/dpa_marijuana_legalization_report_feb14_2018_0.pdf
Efe (2018, 23 de enero). El 75 % de asesinatos en México están vinculados al narcotráfico, según ong. Agencia efe. https://www.efe.com/efe/usa/mexico/el-75-de-asesinatos-en-mexico-estan-vinculados-al-narcotrafico-segunong/50000100-3501536
Euromonitor International (2019a). The cannabis index: Where will legalization move next? https://www.portal.euromonitor.com/Euromonitor Internacional (2019b). The rise of cannabis: The ultimate market disruptor. https://blog.euromonitor.com/the-rise-of-cannabisthe-ultimate-market-disruptor/?ind=pot?utm_campaign=N01_Mid_04_Cannabis_Revolution&utm_medium=Email&utm_source=Pot&mkt_tok=eyJpIjoiTlRGbE1XTmpNalJrTURRdy-IsInQiOiIzSFhmNzdDS01ERnRnNHU2MlN5UlpBa3o0ZDZMcUJDNW8rZzQ3VEdaWVpXQk83M3B5XC9Pbmd5aGZkXC8xN3RBdlZMUFdVdUFaSHJyb0N6ejR1NFNQakh5T0F0Y29rSCtNb0lIVnI2Q25iNHNzODZCeG1VQStyYWtGWlR3dXF5K2NyIn0%3D
Flores Ortíz, L., Pereda Jaldón, A., González González, L. & Villanueva Porras, K. B. (2018). Legalización de la marihuana para uso recreativo y el desarrollo del cannaturismo: lecciones para México (Tesis de Licenciatura). Universidad de Monterrey. México.
Galindo, C. Frissard, P. & Osorio, D. (2019). Atlas de Homicidios México 2018. México Unido Contra la Delincuencia. https://www.mucd.org.mx/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/mucd-2019-Atlas-de-homicidios-2018.pdf
Grunwell, J. (1998). Ayahuasca tourism in South America. Anthropology of Tourism, 8 (3). https://maps.org/news-letters/v08n3/v08n3_62-65_.pdf
Government of Canada. (2018). Cannabis in the provinces and territories. https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/drugs-medication/cannabis/laws-regulations/provinces-territories.html
Heckel, A. (2018) The Coolest Cannabis-Inspired Spa Treatments in Colorado. https://www.tripsavvy.com/cannabis-inspired-spa-treatmentscolorado-4155862
Hernández, S. & Sotelo, J. (2013). Argumentos para el debate sobre la legalización de la marihuana en México. Entreciencias: Diálogos en la sociedad del conocimiento 1(2), 93-100.
Hoffmann, B. (2014). Drug consumption tourism as a social phenomenon. Trakia Journal of Sciences, 12(4), 455-460. doi:10.15547/tjs.2014.04.017
inegi (2019). Defunciones por Homicidio. https:// www.inegi.org.mx/sistemas/olap/proyectos/bd/continuas/mortalidad/defuncioneshom.asp?s=est
Instituto de Regulación y Control del Cannabis. (2018). Informe Mercado Regulado del Cannabis. https://www.ircca.gub.uy/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/InformeMercadoReguladoCannabis-30set2018.pdf
Johnson, R. M. & Guttmannova, K. (2019). Marijuana use among adolescents and emerging adults in the midst of policy change: Introduction to the special issue. Prevention Science, 20(2), 179-184.
Kagia, J. (2020). U.S. Demand for Smuggled Cannabis Plummets as Legal Markets Grow. New Frontier Data. https://newfrontierdata.com/cannabis-insights/u-s-demand-for-smuggled-cannabis-plummets-as-legal-marketsgrow/?utm_source=New+Frontier+Newsletter&utm_campaign=1ee92bf639-EMAIL_CAMPAIGN_2017_11_01_COPY_01&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_e61e943a42-1ee92bf639-120270473&mc_cid=1ee92bf639&mc_eid=33 9cb8007f
Kang, S., O’Leary, J. & Miller, J. (2016). From forbidden fruit to the goose that lays golden eggs: Marijuana tourism in Colorado. Sage Open, 6(4), pp. 1-12.
Kang, S. & Lee, J. (2018). Support of marijuana tourism in Colorado: A residents’ perspective using social exchange theory. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 9, 310-319.
Keenan, A. (2019, febrero 26). Cannabis may be retail’s brightest spot in 2019. Yahoo Finance. https://finance.yahoo.com/news/marijuanabright-spot-retail-152744240.html
Kim, Hall, Genco, Dyke, y Monte (2016). Marijuana Tourism and Emergency Department Visits in Colorado. New England The Journal of Medicine, 374: 797-798.
Kush Tourism (2018). Cannabis tourism trends and statistics. https://kushtourism.com/cannabis-tourism-trends-statistics/Leafly (2020). Leafly jobs report 2020. https://leafly-cms-production.imgix.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/06145710/Leafly-2020-Jobs-Report.pdf
Legislative Analyst’s Office (2010). Changes California Law to Legalize Marijuana and Allow It to Be Regulated and Taxed. Initiative Statute. https://lao.ca.gov/ballot/2010/19_11_2010.pdf
Light, M., Orens, A., Lewandowski B. & Pickton, T. (2014). Market size and demand for marijuana in Colorado. https://www.colorado.gov/pacific/sites/default/files/Market%20Size%20and%20Demand%20Study%2C%20July%209%2C%202014%5B1%5D_3.pdf
Legislative Analyst’s Office (2017). Proposition 64 Revenues. https://lao.ca.gov/handouts/crimjust/2017/Proposition-64-Revenues-021617.pdf
Marijuana in Nevada (2019). Taxes. http://marijuana.nv.gov/Businesses/Taxes/
Marijuana Policy Project. (2015). Colorado: The economy after legalization and regulation. https://www.mpp.org/issues/legalization/colorado-theeconomy-after-legalization-and-regulation/
McGinty, E., Niederdeppe, J. & Barry, C. (2017). Public perceptions of arguments supporting and opposing recreational marijuana legalization. Preventive Medicine, 99, 80-86.
Meehan, B., Rusko, C. & Stephenson, E. (2020). (Pot) Heads in Beds: The Effect of Marijuana Legalization on Hotel Occupancy in Colorado and Washington. Journal of Regional Analysis & Policy, 50(1), 46-53.
Miller, A., Rosenman, R. & Cowan, B. (2017). Recreational marijuana legalization and college student use: Early evidence. ssm-Population Health, 3, 649-657.
Miech, R., Johnston, L., O’Malley, P., Bachman, J., Schulenberg, J. & Patrick, M. E. (2015). Trends in use of marijuana and attitudes toward marijuana among youth before and after decriminalization: The case of California 2007-2013. International Journal of Drug Policy, 26(4),336-344.
Monshouwer, K., Van Laar, M. y Vollebergh, W. A. (2011). Buying cannabis in ‘coffee shops’. Drug and Alcohol Review, 30, 148-156.
Monte, A., Shelton, S., Mills, E., Saben, J., Hopkinson, A., Sonn, B. & Williamson, K. (2019). Acute Illness Associated With Cannabis Use, by Route of Exposure: An Observational Study. Annals of Internal Medicine, 170, 531-537.
Monterrubio Cordero, J. y Equihua, G. (2011). Consumo de alcohol, drogas y actividad sexual en el spring break en Acapulco, México. Teoría y Praxis, 10, 77-98.
My 420 Tours (2018). Find your cannabis experience. https://my420tours.com/denver-pot-tours/Nomme, M. & Stiling Blichfeldt, B. (2017). Marihuana tourism in Denver: The real, but nontouristic deal. Centre for Tourism, Innovation and Culture (tic). https://www.sdu.dk/-/media/files/ om_sdu/centre/c_turisme_inn_kult/tic/tic+talks/tic+working+paper+1.pdf?la=en&hash=F625E68490001fabe312D5BA96B591788823789D
Observatorio Uruguayo de Drogas (2019). Resultados en Dimensión de Justicia y Seguridad. https://www.ircca.gub.uy/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Justicia-seguridad-dic2019.pdf
Oficina de las Naciones Unidas contra la Droga y el Delito. (2017). Informe Mundial sobre las Drogas 2017. https://www.unodc.org/wdr2017/field/wdr _Booklet1_Exsum_Spanish.pdf
Oregon Department of Revenue (2020). Oregon Marijuana Tax: Distribution Information. https://www.oregon.gov/dor/programs/gov-research/Documents/Financial-reporting-distributionspublic.pdf
Oregon Department of Revenue Research Section (2020). Oregon Marijuana Tax Statistics: Accounting Information. https://www.oregon.gov/dor/programs/gov-research/Documents/Financialreporting-receipts-public.pdf
Pardo, B. (2014). Cannabis policy reforms in the Americas: A comparative analysis of Colorado, Washington, and Uruguay. International Journal of Drug Policy, 25 (4): 727-735.
Parnes, Jamie E., Joey K. Smith, and Bradley T. Conner. Reefer madness or much ado about nothing? Cannabis legalization outcomes among young adults in the United States. International Journal of Drug Policy 56 (2018): 116-120.
Pereira, T. F. P. & de Paula, L. B. (2016). Drug Tourism: General Overview, Case Studies and New Perspectives in the Contemporary World. European Journal of Tourism, Hospitality and Recreation, 7(3), pp. 188-202.
Pew Research Center. (2015). In Debate Over Legalizing Marijuana Disagreement Over Drug’s Dangers. www.people-press.org/2015/04/14/indebate-over-legalizing-marijuana-disagreementover- drugs-dangers/
Pérez, F., Mereles Ayala, C. & Torales Ojeda, A. (2014). Actitud de estudiantes universitaros hacia la legalización del consumo de marihuana. xxii Jornadas Jóvenes Investigadores. http://ns2.une.edu.py:7004/repositorio/bitstream/handle/123456789/274/16_p%C3%A9rez_francielly.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
Prayag, G., Mura, P., Hall, M. & Fontaine, J. (2015). Drug or spirituality seekers? Consuming ayahuasca. Annals of Tourism Research 52, 175-177.
Puga, T. (2018). Enrique De la Madrid sugiere legalizar la marihuana en el país. El Universal. http://www.eluniversal.com.mx/cartera/economia/enrique-de-la-madrid-sugiere-legalizar-lamarihuana-en-el-pais
Ramírez, T. & Käkelä, H. (2009). A “Magic Trip” to Wirikúta Peyote, Huichols, and the Mexican State (tesis de licenciatura). School of Global Studies. Universidad de Gotemburgo, Suecia. Romao, J., Neuts, B., Nijkam, P., Leeuwen, E. (2015). Culture, product differentiation and market segmentation: A structural analysis of the motivation and satisfaction of tourists in Amsterdam. Tourism Economics, 21 (3), 455-474doi: 10.5367/te.2015.0483
Ross, J. (2016). When Culture is for Sale: Tourism and Indigenous Identity in the Andean and Amazonian Regions of Peru (tesis de pregrado). New York University, New York. http://liberal studies.nyu.edu/content/dam/nyu-as/liberalStu dies/Documents/Ross_Thesis_2016.pdf
Rotermann, M. (2020). What has changed since cannabis was legalized? Statistics Canada. Catalogue n.º 82-003-X. Health Reports, vol. 31, n.º 2, 11-20. https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/en/pub/82-003-x/2020002/article/00002-eng.pdf?st=MV4SbE6M
Senado de la República de México. (2017). Iniciativa con proyecto de decreto que expide la Ley General para el Control del Cannabis y sus Derivados. http://infosen.senado.gob.mx/sgsp/gaceta/63/3/2017-12-06-1/assets/documentos/Inic_PT_Cannabis.pdf
Senado de la República de México. (2018). Iniciativa de Ley General para la Regulación y Control del Cannabis. http://www.senado.gob.mx/64/gaceta_del_senado/documento/85686
Shapiro, K. (2017). These Are the Best 420- Friendly Hotels in the World. https://www.leafly.com/news/lifestyle/best-marijuana-hotel.
Smith, A. (2017, 8 de noviembre). It pays to be a scientist in the marijuana industry. cnn Business. https://money.cnn.com/2017/11/04/pf/jobs/pot-jobs/index.html
State of Alaska. (2004). General Election Official Results. http://www.elections.alaska.gov/results/04genr/data/results.pdf
State of Nevada Statewide. (2002). Statewide Ballot questions. https://www.leg.state.nv.us/Division/Research/VoteNV/BallotQuestions/2002.pdf
State of Nevada Department of Taxation. (2019). Marihuana Statistics and Reports. https://tax.nv.gov/Publications/Marijuana_Statistics_and_Reports/
Statistics Canada (2019). At a glance: Government revenues from the sale of cannabis, March 2019. https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/en/dailyquotidien/190619/dq190619e-eng.pdf?st=l88BMdNf
Taylor, L. (2019). Defining Marijuana Tourism. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research, 43(3), 438-446.
The 420 Games (2018). Civilized Games. https://420games.org
Tourliere, M. (2015). Confirma Trudeau intención de legalizar mariguana en Canadá en 2016. Proceso. https://www.proceso.com.mx/422623/confirma-trudeau-intencion-de-legalizar-mariguana-en-canada-en-2016
Uriely, N. & Belhassen, Y. (2005). Drug and Tourists’ Experience. Journal of Travel Research. 43(3), 238-246.
Valdez, A. & Sifaneck, S. (1997). Drug Tourists and Drug Policy on the U.S.-Mexican Border: An Ethnographic Investigation of the Acquisition of Prescription Drugs. Journal of Drug Issues, 27(4). 879-898.
Wang, G., Davies, S. D., Halmo, L. S., Sass, A. & Mistry, R. D. (2018). Impact of marijuana legalization in Colorado on adolescent emergency and urgent care visits. Journal of Adolescent Health, 63(2), 239-241.
Washington State Department of Health. (2018a). Marijuana. https://www.doh.wa.gov/Youand-YourFamily/Marijuana
Washington State Liquor and Cannabis Board (2019). Annual Report Fiscal Year 2019. https://lcb.wa.gov/sites/default/files/publications/annual _report/2019-annual-report-final2.pdf
Wen, J., Meng F., Ying, T., Qi, H. & Lockyer T. (2018). Drug tourism motivation of Chinese outbound tourists: Scale development and validation. Tourism Management, 64, 233-244. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.tourman.2017.08.001
West Coast Cannabis Tours. (2018). Project. https://westcoastcannabistours.com/tour-item/yoga/
Winkelman, M. (2005). Drug Tourism or Spiritual Healing? Ayahuasca Seekers in Amazonia, Journal of Psychoactive Drugs, 37, 2, pp. 209-218. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/02791072.2005.10 399803

dc.rights.accessrights.spa.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.rights.coar.spa.fl_str_mv http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
dc.rights.uri.spa.fl_str_mv http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
rights_invalid_str_mv http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
dc.format.mimetype.spa.fl_str_mv application/pdf
text/html
text/xml
dc.publisher.spa.fl_str_mv Facultad de Administración de Empresas Turísticas y Hoteleras
dc.source.spa.fl_str_mv https://revistas.uexternado.edu.co/index.php/tursoc/article/view/7657
institution Universidad Externado de Colombia
bitstream.url.fl_str_mv https://bdigital.uexternado.edu.co/bitstreams/26b69038-e2d3-454d-9a17-1b561004da3f/download
bitstream.checksum.fl_str_mv e7c2bcb2595e910b4d5b8cacd4bef1dd
bitstream.checksumAlgorithm.fl_str_mv MD5
repository.name.fl_str_mv Universidad Externado de Colombia
repository.mail.fl_str_mv metabiblioteca@metabiblioteca.org
_version_ 1814100363557470208
spelling Camargo, Blanca A.f958e25f-a272-4089-9743-e8edb3589a77Flores, Luisina Andrea635103ba-b471-447a-9a1c-fdcfb92822b4González, Linda Marielb129ef98-8faa-4a35-8d21-7c18d5c89869Pereda, Ana Camilac035894f-2602-4ca2-b369-41355474dfecVillanueva, Karla Bereniceaba77f1e-8993-46fc-9787-1c96466ce1072022-01-01 00:00:002022-09-09T21:06:22Z2022-01-01 00:00:002022-09-09T21:06:22Z2021-01-01El cannaturismo es un fenómeno que está emergiendo a raíz de la legalización de la marihuana en varios estados de los Estados Unidos, y en Canadá. En México se aprobó un proyecto de ley para legalizar esta droga para consumo recreativo pero existen muchas preocupaciones sobre sus posibles efectos en la sociedad. Con base en una revisión de literatura y estadísticas oficiales, este artículo examina las implicaciones de la legalización de esta droga para la sociedad, en general, y la industria turística en particular. Se identificó el surgimiento de una variada y dinámica oferta cannaturística, que, de implementarse de manera regulada, puede diversificar la oferta turística de los destinos mexicanos. También se encontró que los impactos de la legalización de la marihuana tienden a ser mayormente positivos y pueden contribuir a aliviar problemáticas económicas y sociales en destinos turísticos. Se discuten las posibles implicaciones de la legalización de esta droga para México.Marijuana tourism is a recent phenomenon that is emerging as a result of the legalization of marijuana in several states of the United States, and Canada. In Mexico there has been an interest in legalizing marijuana for recreational purposes but there are many concerns about its possible effects on society. Based on a review of the literature and official statistics, this article examines the implications of legalizing this drug for society in general and the tourism industry in particular. The emergence of a marijuanarelated touristic offering was identified, which, if regulated, could diversify the tourist offerings of Mexican destinations. It was also found that the impacts of the legalization of marijuana tend to be mostly positive and can contribute to alleviating economic and social problems in tourist destinations. The possible implications of the legalization of this drug for Mexico are discussed.application/pdftext/htmltext/xml10.18601/01207555.n30.072346-206X0120-7555https://bdigital.uexternado.edu.co/handle/001/11300https://doi.org/10.18601/01207555.n30.07spaFacultad de Administración de Empresas Turísticas y Hotelerashttps://revistas.uexternado.edu.co/index.php/tursoc/article/download/7657/12006https://revistas.uexternado.edu.co/index.php/tursoc/article/download/7657/12007https://revistas.uexternado.edu.co/index.php/tursoc/article/download/7657/12008, Año 2022 : Enero-Junio14712730Turismo y SociedadAlaska Department of Revenue. Tax Division (2019). Marijuana Tax 2019 Annual Report. http://tax.alaska.gov/programs/programs/reports/Annual.aspx?60000&Year=2017Alaska Department of Labor & Workforce Development (2018). Marijuana: A new Industry. https://www.commerce.alaska.gov/web/Portals/9/pub/HomePage/akeconTrends.pdf?ver=2018-05-17-161235-803&timestamp=1526602361869Anderson, D. M., Hansen, B., Rees, D. I. & Sabia, J. J. (2019). Association of Marijuana Laws With Teen Marijuana Use: New Estimates From the Youth Risk Behavior Surveys. jama Pediatrics, 173(9), 879-881.Aydelotte, J. D., Brown, L. H., Luftman, K. M., Mardock, A. L., Teixeira, P. G., Coopwood, B. & Brown, C. V. (2017). Crash fatality rates after recreational marijuana legalization in Washington and Colorado. American Journal of Public Health, 107(8), 1329-1331.Belhassen, Y., Santos, C. & Uriely, N. (2007). Cannabis Usage in Tourism: A Sociological Perspective. Leisure Studies, 26(3), 303-319.Bellis, M. A., Hale, G., Bennett, A., Chaudry, M. & Kilfoyle, M. (2000). Ibiza uncovered: changes in substance use and sexual behavior amongst young people visiting an international night-life resort. International Journal of Drug Policy, 11(3), 235-244.Bellis, M. A., Hughes, K. E., Dillon, P., Copeland, J. & Gates, P. (2007). Effects of backpacking holidays in Australia on alcohol, tobacco and drug use of UK residents. BMC Public Health. 7(1), 1-10.Bellis, M. A., Hughes, K., Calafat, A., Juan, M. & Schnitzer, S. (2009). Relative contributions of holiday location and nationality to changes in recreational drug taking behaviour: A natural experiment in the Balearic Islands. European Addiction Research 15(2), 78-86.Bleiberg, L., (2017). 10 best 4/20 sites: Where marijuana history was made. https://www.usatoday.com/story/travel/destinations/10greatplaces/2017/04/14/marijuana/100411970/Buultjens, J., Neale, K., Lamont, M. (2013). Hosts, guests and a drug culture in a destination: A case study of Nimbin, Australia. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 2 (3), 185-195.California Department of Tax and Fee Administration (2020). California Department of Tax and Fee Administration Reports Cannabis Tax Revenues for the Fourth Quarter of 2019. https://www.cdtfa.ca.gov/news/20-03.htmCannabis World Congress & Business Exposition (2018). Cannabis means business. https://www.cwcbexpo.comCannabition Cannabis Museum. (2018). About. https://cannabition.com/about/Canadian Kush Tours. (2018). Packages. Recuperado de http://www.canadiankushtours.com/packages/Chang, T. Y. & Jacobson, M. (2017). Going to pot? The impact of dispensary closures on crime. Journal of Urban Economics, 100, 120-136.Colorado Department of Revenue (2020). Marijuana Tax Data. https://www.colorado.gov/pacific/revenue/colorado-marijuana-tax-dataColorado General Assembly. (2018) Law Summary: Retail Marijuana. https://leg.colorado.gov/publications/law-summary-retail-marijuanaColorado Pot Guide. (2018) Where to buy marijuana in Colorado. https://www.coloradopotguide.com/where-to-buy-marijuana/De la Torre, M. & Navarrete Escobedo. D. (2018). Turismo y narcotráfico. Estudios y Perspectivas en Turismo 27, pp. 867-882.Dills, A., Goffard, S., Miron, J. (2016). The Effect of State Marijuana Legalizations. Cato Institute Policy Analysis.Dragone, D., Prarolo, G., Vanin, P. & Zanella, G. (2019). Crime and the legalization of recreational marijuana. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 159, 488-501.Drug Policy Alliance (2018). From Prohibition to Progress: A Status Report on Marijuana Legalization: What We Know About Marijuana Legalization in Eight States and Washington, D.C. https://www.drugpolicy.org/sites/default/f iles/dpa_marijuana_legalization_report_feb14_2018_0.pdfEfe (2018, 23 de enero). El 75 % de asesinatos en México están vinculados al narcotráfico, según ong. Agencia efe. https://www.efe.com/efe/usa/mexico/el-75-de-asesinatos-en-mexico-estan-vinculados-al-narcotrafico-segunong/50000100-3501536Euromonitor International (2019a). The cannabis index: Where will legalization move next? https://www.portal.euromonitor.com/Euromonitor Internacional (2019b). The rise of cannabis: The ultimate market disruptor. https://blog.euromonitor.com/the-rise-of-cannabisthe-ultimate-market-disruptor/?ind=pot?utm_campaign=N01_Mid_04_Cannabis_Revolution&utm_medium=Email&utm_source=Pot&mkt_tok=eyJpIjoiTlRGbE1XTmpNalJrTURRdy-IsInQiOiIzSFhmNzdDS01ERnRnNHU2MlN5UlpBa3o0ZDZMcUJDNW8rZzQ3VEdaWVpXQk83M3B5XC9Pbmd5aGZkXC8xN3RBdlZMUFdVdUFaSHJyb0N6ejR1NFNQakh5T0F0Y29rSCtNb0lIVnI2Q25iNHNzODZCeG1VQStyYWtGWlR3dXF5K2NyIn0%3DFlores Ortíz, L., Pereda Jaldón, A., González González, L. & Villanueva Porras, K. B. (2018). Legalización de la marihuana para uso recreativo y el desarrollo del cannaturismo: lecciones para México (Tesis de Licenciatura). Universidad de Monterrey. México.Galindo, C. Frissard, P. & Osorio, D. (2019). Atlas de Homicidios México 2018. México Unido Contra la Delincuencia. https://www.mucd.org.mx/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/mucd-2019-Atlas-de-homicidios-2018.pdfGrunwell, J. (1998). Ayahuasca tourism in South America. Anthropology of Tourism, 8 (3). https://maps.org/news-letters/v08n3/v08n3_62-65_.pdfGovernment of Canada. (2018). Cannabis in the provinces and territories. https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/drugs-medication/cannabis/laws-regulations/provinces-territories.htmlHeckel, A. (2018) The Coolest Cannabis-Inspired Spa Treatments in Colorado. https://www.tripsavvy.com/cannabis-inspired-spa-treatmentscolorado-4155862Hernández, S. & Sotelo, J. (2013). Argumentos para el debate sobre la legalización de la marihuana en México. Entreciencias: Diálogos en la sociedad del conocimiento 1(2), 93-100.Hoffmann, B. (2014). Drug consumption tourism as a social phenomenon. Trakia Journal of Sciences, 12(4), 455-460. doi:10.15547/tjs.2014.04.017inegi (2019). Defunciones por Homicidio. https:// www.inegi.org.mx/sistemas/olap/proyectos/bd/continuas/mortalidad/defuncioneshom.asp?s=estInstituto de Regulación y Control del Cannabis. (2018). Informe Mercado Regulado del Cannabis. https://www.ircca.gub.uy/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/InformeMercadoReguladoCannabis-30set2018.pdfJohnson, R. M. & Guttmannova, K. (2019). Marijuana use among adolescents and emerging adults in the midst of policy change: Introduction to the special issue. Prevention Science, 20(2), 179-184.Kagia, J. (2020). U.S. Demand for Smuggled Cannabis Plummets as Legal Markets Grow. New Frontier Data. https://newfrontierdata.com/cannabis-insights/u-s-demand-for-smuggled-cannabis-plummets-as-legal-marketsgrow/?utm_source=New+Frontier+Newsletter&utm_campaign=1ee92bf639-EMAIL_CAMPAIGN_2017_11_01_COPY_01&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_e61e943a42-1ee92bf639-120270473&mc_cid=1ee92bf639&mc_eid=33 9cb8007fKang, S., O’Leary, J. & Miller, J. (2016). From forbidden fruit to the goose that lays golden eggs: Marijuana tourism in Colorado. Sage Open, 6(4), pp. 1-12.Kang, S. & Lee, J. (2018). Support of marijuana tourism in Colorado: A residents’ perspective using social exchange theory. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 9, 310-319.Keenan, A. (2019, febrero 26). Cannabis may be retail’s brightest spot in 2019. Yahoo Finance. https://finance.yahoo.com/news/marijuanabright-spot-retail-152744240.htmlKim, Hall, Genco, Dyke, y Monte (2016). Marijuana Tourism and Emergency Department Visits in Colorado. New England The Journal of Medicine, 374: 797-798.Kush Tourism (2018). Cannabis tourism trends and statistics. https://kushtourism.com/cannabis-tourism-trends-statistics/Leafly (2020). Leafly jobs report 2020. https://leafly-cms-production.imgix.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/06145710/Leafly-2020-Jobs-Report.pdfLegislative Analyst’s Office (2010). Changes California Law to Legalize Marijuana and Allow It to Be Regulated and Taxed. Initiative Statute. https://lao.ca.gov/ballot/2010/19_11_2010.pdfLight, M., Orens, A., Lewandowski B. & Pickton, T. (2014). Market size and demand for marijuana in Colorado. https://www.colorado.gov/pacific/sites/default/files/Market%20Size%20and%20Demand%20Study%2C%20July%209%2C%202014%5B1%5D_3.pdfLegislative Analyst’s Office (2017). Proposition 64 Revenues. https://lao.ca.gov/handouts/crimjust/2017/Proposition-64-Revenues-021617.pdfMarijuana in Nevada (2019). Taxes. http://marijuana.nv.gov/Businesses/Taxes/Marijuana Policy Project. (2015). Colorado: The economy after legalization and regulation. https://www.mpp.org/issues/legalization/colorado-theeconomy-after-legalization-and-regulation/McGinty, E., Niederdeppe, J. & Barry, C. (2017). Public perceptions of arguments supporting and opposing recreational marijuana legalization. Preventive Medicine, 99, 80-86.Meehan, B., Rusko, C. & Stephenson, E. (2020). (Pot) Heads in Beds: The Effect of Marijuana Legalization on Hotel Occupancy in Colorado and Washington. Journal of Regional Analysis & Policy, 50(1), 46-53.Miller, A., Rosenman, R. & Cowan, B. (2017). Recreational marijuana legalization and college student use: Early evidence. ssm-Population Health, 3, 649-657.Miech, R., Johnston, L., O’Malley, P., Bachman, J., Schulenberg, J. & Patrick, M. E. (2015). Trends in use of marijuana and attitudes toward marijuana among youth before and after decriminalization: The case of California 2007-2013. International Journal of Drug Policy, 26(4),336-344.Monshouwer, K., Van Laar, M. y Vollebergh, W. A. (2011). Buying cannabis in ‘coffee shops’. Drug and Alcohol Review, 30, 148-156.Monte, A., Shelton, S., Mills, E., Saben, J., Hopkinson, A., Sonn, B. & Williamson, K. (2019). Acute Illness Associated With Cannabis Use, by Route of Exposure: An Observational Study. Annals of Internal Medicine, 170, 531-537.Monterrubio Cordero, J. y Equihua, G. (2011). Consumo de alcohol, drogas y actividad sexual en el spring break en Acapulco, México. Teoría y Praxis, 10, 77-98.My 420 Tours (2018). Find your cannabis experience. https://my420tours.com/denver-pot-tours/Nomme, M. & Stiling Blichfeldt, B. (2017). Marihuana tourism in Denver: The real, but nontouristic deal. Centre for Tourism, Innovation and Culture (tic). https://www.sdu.dk/-/media/files/ om_sdu/centre/c_turisme_inn_kult/tic/tic+talks/tic+working+paper+1.pdf?la=en&hash=F625E68490001fabe312D5BA96B591788823789DObservatorio Uruguayo de Drogas (2019). Resultados en Dimensión de Justicia y Seguridad. https://www.ircca.gub.uy/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Justicia-seguridad-dic2019.pdfOficina de las Naciones Unidas contra la Droga y el Delito. (2017). Informe Mundial sobre las Drogas 2017. https://www.unodc.org/wdr2017/field/wdr _Booklet1_Exsum_Spanish.pdfOregon Department of Revenue (2020). Oregon Marijuana Tax: Distribution Information. https://www.oregon.gov/dor/programs/gov-research/Documents/Financial-reporting-distributionspublic.pdfOregon Department of Revenue Research Section (2020). Oregon Marijuana Tax Statistics: Accounting Information. https://www.oregon.gov/dor/programs/gov-research/Documents/Financialreporting-receipts-public.pdfPardo, B. (2014). Cannabis policy reforms in the Americas: A comparative analysis of Colorado, Washington, and Uruguay. International Journal of Drug Policy, 25 (4): 727-735.Parnes, Jamie E., Joey K. Smith, and Bradley T. Conner. Reefer madness or much ado about nothing? Cannabis legalization outcomes among young adults in the United States. International Journal of Drug Policy 56 (2018): 116-120.Pereira, T. F. P. & de Paula, L. B. (2016). Drug Tourism: General Overview, Case Studies and New Perspectives in the Contemporary World. European Journal of Tourism, Hospitality and Recreation, 7(3), pp. 188-202.Pew Research Center. (2015). In Debate Over Legalizing Marijuana Disagreement Over Drug’s Dangers. www.people-press.org/2015/04/14/indebate-over-legalizing-marijuana-disagreementover- drugs-dangers/Pérez, F., Mereles Ayala, C. & Torales Ojeda, A. (2014). Actitud de estudiantes universitaros hacia la legalización del consumo de marihuana. xxii Jornadas Jóvenes Investigadores. http://ns2.une.edu.py:7004/repositorio/bitstream/handle/123456789/274/16_p%C3%A9rez_francielly.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=yPrayag, G., Mura, P., Hall, M. & Fontaine, J. (2015). Drug or spirituality seekers? Consuming ayahuasca. Annals of Tourism Research 52, 175-177.Puga, T. (2018). Enrique De la Madrid sugiere legalizar la marihuana en el país. El Universal. http://www.eluniversal.com.mx/cartera/economia/enrique-de-la-madrid-sugiere-legalizar-lamarihuana-en-el-paisRamírez, T. & Käkelä, H. (2009). A “Magic Trip” to Wirikúta Peyote, Huichols, and the Mexican State (tesis de licenciatura). School of Global Studies. Universidad de Gotemburgo, Suecia. Romao, J., Neuts, B., Nijkam, P., Leeuwen, E. (2015). Culture, product differentiation and market segmentation: A structural analysis of the motivation and satisfaction of tourists in Amsterdam. Tourism Economics, 21 (3), 455-474doi: 10.5367/te.2015.0483Ross, J. (2016). When Culture is for Sale: Tourism and Indigenous Identity in the Andean and Amazonian Regions of Peru (tesis de pregrado). New York University, New York. http://liberal studies.nyu.edu/content/dam/nyu-as/liberalStu dies/Documents/Ross_Thesis_2016.pdfRotermann, M. (2020). What has changed since cannabis was legalized? Statistics Canada. Catalogue n.º 82-003-X. Health Reports, vol. 31, n.º 2, 11-20. https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/en/pub/82-003-x/2020002/article/00002-eng.pdf?st=MV4SbE6MSenado de la República de México. (2017). Iniciativa con proyecto de decreto que expide la Ley General para el Control del Cannabis y sus Derivados. http://infosen.senado.gob.mx/sgsp/gaceta/63/3/2017-12-06-1/assets/documentos/Inic_PT_Cannabis.pdfSenado de la República de México. (2018). Iniciativa de Ley General para la Regulación y Control del Cannabis. http://www.senado.gob.mx/64/gaceta_del_senado/documento/85686Shapiro, K. (2017). These Are the Best 420- Friendly Hotels in the World. https://www.leafly.com/news/lifestyle/best-marijuana-hotel.Smith, A. (2017, 8 de noviembre). It pays to be a scientist in the marijuana industry. cnn Business. https://money.cnn.com/2017/11/04/pf/jobs/pot-jobs/index.htmlState of Alaska. (2004). General Election Official Results. http://www.elections.alaska.gov/results/04genr/data/results.pdfState of Nevada Statewide. (2002). Statewide Ballot questions. https://www.leg.state.nv.us/Division/Research/VoteNV/BallotQuestions/2002.pdfState of Nevada Department of Taxation. (2019). Marihuana Statistics and Reports. https://tax.nv.gov/Publications/Marijuana_Statistics_and_Reports/Statistics Canada (2019). At a glance: Government revenues from the sale of cannabis, March 2019. https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/en/dailyquotidien/190619/dq190619e-eng.pdf?st=l88BMdNfTaylor, L. (2019). Defining Marijuana Tourism. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research, 43(3), 438-446.The 420 Games (2018). Civilized Games. https://420games.orgTourliere, M. (2015). Confirma Trudeau intención de legalizar mariguana en Canadá en 2016. Proceso. https://www.proceso.com.mx/422623/confirma-trudeau-intencion-de-legalizar-mariguana-en-canada-en-2016Uriely, N. & Belhassen, Y. (2005). Drug and Tourists’ Experience. Journal of Travel Research. 43(3), 238-246.Valdez, A. & Sifaneck, S. (1997). Drug Tourists and Drug Policy on the U.S.-Mexican Border: An Ethnographic Investigation of the Acquisition of Prescription Drugs. Journal of Drug Issues, 27(4). 879-898.Wang, G., Davies, S. D., Halmo, L. S., Sass, A. & Mistry, R. D. (2018). Impact of marijuana legalization in Colorado on adolescent emergency and urgent care visits. Journal of Adolescent Health, 63(2), 239-241.Washington State Department of Health. (2018a). Marijuana. https://www.doh.wa.gov/Youand-YourFamily/MarijuanaWashington State Liquor and Cannabis Board (2019). Annual Report Fiscal Year 2019. https://lcb.wa.gov/sites/default/files/publications/annual _report/2019-annual-report-final2.pdfWen, J., Meng F., Ying, T., Qi, H. & Lockyer T. (2018). Drug tourism motivation of Chinese outbound tourists: Scale development and validation. Tourism Management, 64, 233-244. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.tourman.2017.08.001West Coast Cannabis Tours. (2018). Project. https://westcoastcannabistours.com/tour-item/yoga/Winkelman, M. (2005). Drug Tourism or Spiritual Healing? Ayahuasca Seekers in Amazonia, Journal of Psychoactive Drugs, 37, 2, pp. 209-218. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/02791072.2005.10 399803Blanca A. Camargo, Luisina Andrea Flores, Linda Mariel González, Ana Camila Pereda, Karla Berenice Villanueva - 2021info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0.http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0https://revistas.uexternado.edu.co/index.php/tursoc/article/view/7657marijuana tourism,legalization of marijuana,cannabis,drug tourismlegalización de marihuana,cannaturismo,turismo de drogas,cannabisLegalización de la marihuana y cannaturismo: ¿una oportunidad para destinos turísticos mexicanos?Marijuana Legalization and Cannatourism: An Opportunity for Mexican Tourist Destination?Artículo de revistahttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85Textinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articleJournal articlehttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/ARTREFinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionPublicationOREORE.xmltext/xml2839https://bdigital.uexternado.edu.co/bitstreams/26b69038-e2d3-454d-9a17-1b561004da3f/downloade7c2bcb2595e910b4d5b8cacd4bef1ddMD51001/11300oai:bdigital.uexternado.edu.co:001/113002023-08-14 15:04:17.05http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0Blanca A. Camargo, Luisina Andrea Flores, Linda Mariel González, Ana Camila Pereda, Karla Berenice Villanueva - 2021https://bdigital.uexternado.edu.coUniversidad Externado de Colombiametabiblioteca@metabiblioteca.org