Los troles de patentes: una historia de exceso de ejercicios de derechos de propiedad intelectual

Un “trol de patentes” es una entidad que obtiene una serie de patentes sin llevar a cabo investigación y desarrollo, por ejemplo, adquiriéndolas en el mercado, y sin ninguna intención de trabajar las invenciones subyacentes produciendo y/o comercializando productos. Más bien, estas entidades se diri...

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Autores:
Bonadio, Enrico
Contardi, Magali
Tipo de recurso:
Article of journal
Fecha de publicación:
2021
Institución:
Universidad Externado de Colombia
Repositorio:
Biblioteca Digital Universidad Externado de Colombia
Idioma:
spa
OAI Identifier:
oai:bdigital.uexternado.edu.co:001/26224
Acceso en línea:
https://bdigital.uexternado.edu.co/handle/001/26224
https://doi.org/10.18601/16571959.n32.02
Palabra clave:
Intellectual Property-Patents;
Patent Trolls;
Non-Practising Entities (NPE);
Abuse of (Patent) Rights;
Innovation
derechos de propiedad intelectual;
troles de patentes;
entidades no practicantes (ENP);
abuso de derechos (de patentes);
innovación
Rights
openAccess
License
Enrico Bonadio, Magali Contardi - 2021
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dc.title.spa.fl_str_mv Los troles de patentes: una historia de exceso de ejercicios de derechos de propiedad intelectual
dc.title.translated.eng.fl_str_mv Patent trolls and non-practicing entities: a tale of intellectual property excesses
title Los troles de patentes: una historia de exceso de ejercicios de derechos de propiedad intelectual
spellingShingle Los troles de patentes: una historia de exceso de ejercicios de derechos de propiedad intelectual
Intellectual Property-Patents;
Patent Trolls;
Non-Practising Entities (NPE);
Abuse of (Patent) Rights;
Innovation
derechos de propiedad intelectual;
troles de patentes;
entidades no practicantes (ENP);
abuso de derechos (de patentes);
innovación
title_short Los troles de patentes: una historia de exceso de ejercicios de derechos de propiedad intelectual
title_full Los troles de patentes: una historia de exceso de ejercicios de derechos de propiedad intelectual
title_fullStr Los troles de patentes: una historia de exceso de ejercicios de derechos de propiedad intelectual
title_full_unstemmed Los troles de patentes: una historia de exceso de ejercicios de derechos de propiedad intelectual
title_sort Los troles de patentes: una historia de exceso de ejercicios de derechos de propiedad intelectual
dc.creator.fl_str_mv Bonadio, Enrico
Contardi, Magali
dc.contributor.author.spa.fl_str_mv Bonadio, Enrico
Contardi, Magali
dc.subject.eng.fl_str_mv Intellectual Property-Patents;
Patent Trolls;
Non-Practising Entities (NPE);
Abuse of (Patent) Rights;
Innovation
topic Intellectual Property-Patents;
Patent Trolls;
Non-Practising Entities (NPE);
Abuse of (Patent) Rights;
Innovation
derechos de propiedad intelectual;
troles de patentes;
entidades no practicantes (ENP);
abuso de derechos (de patentes);
innovación
dc.subject.spa.fl_str_mv derechos de propiedad intelectual;
troles de patentes;
entidades no practicantes (ENP);
abuso de derechos (de patentes);
innovación
description Un “trol de patentes” es una entidad que obtiene una serie de patentes sin llevar a cabo investigación y desarrollo, por ejemplo, adquiriéndolas en el mercado, y sin ninguna intención de trabajar las invenciones subyacentes produciendo y/o comercializando productos. Más bien, estas entidades se dirigen a otras empresas de las cuales simplemente sospechan que utilizan la invención patentada, amenazándolas con demandarlas por infracción de patentes y obligándolas a corresponder cánones (a menudo bastante elevados), incluso cuando la infracción de la patente en cuestión es incierta. Este artículo analiza este fenómeno desde la perspectiva del derecho de patentes estadounidense, adoptando una postura crítica del comportamiento abusivo por parte de algunas entidades no practicantes. De allí que el artículo toma como punto de partida el pleito estadounidense Blackbird contra Cloudflare, iniciado por un bufete de abogados boutique que es conocido por haber interpuesto más de 50 acciones de infracción de patentes contra entidades diferentes en un solo año.
publishDate 2021
dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv 2021-12-13T08:41:25Z
2025-04-09T19:12:36Z
dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv 2021-12-13T08:41:25Z
2025-04-09T19:12:36Z
dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv 2021-12-13
dc.type.spa.fl_str_mv Artículo de revista
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dc.relation.citationedition.spa.fl_str_mv Núm. 32 , Año 2021 : Julio-Diciembre
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dc.relation.citationissue.spa.fl_str_mv 32
dc.relation.citationstartpage.none.fl_str_mv 37
dc.relation.ispartofjournal.spa.fl_str_mv Revista La Propiedad Inmaterial
dc.relation.references.spa.fl_str_mv Allison, John R. y Lemley, Mark A. “Empirical Evidence on the Validity of Litigated Patents”. American Intellectual Property Law Association (aipla) Quarterly Journal, vol. 26, 1998, pp. 185 y ss.
Bartolini, Novella; Casalicchio, Emiliano y Tucci, Salvatore. “A Walk through Content Delivery Networks”. En: Maria Carla Calzarossa y Erol Gelenbe (eds). Performance Tools and Applications to Networked Systems. mascots. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 2965. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer, 2003.
Bessen, James; Meurer, Michael y Ford, Jennifer L. “The Private and Social Costs of Patent Trolls”. Boston Univ. School of Law, Law and Economics Research Paper No. 11-45, 19 de septiembre de 2011.
Bone, Robert G. “Of Trolls, Orphans, and Abandoned Marks: What’s Wrong with Not Using Intellectual Property?”. Colum. J.L & Arts, vol. 42, 2018. U of Texas Law, Public Law Research Paper No. 699.
Chien, Colleen. “From Arms Race to Marketplace: The Complex Patent Ecosystem and Its Implications for the Patent System”. Hastings Law Journal, vol. 62, n.° 2, 2011, pp. 297-355.
Chien, Collen. “Patent assertion and startup innovation”. New America Foundation, Open Technology Institute White Paper, septiembre de 2013. Disponible en: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2321340.
Chien, Colleen. “Startups and Patent Trolls”. Stanford Technology Law Review. Santa Clara Univ. Legal Studies Research Paper No. 09-12, 2012.
Chiang, Tun-Jen. “Trolls and Orphans”. Boston University Law Review, vol. 96, n.° 3, 2015, pp. 691-715, George Mason Legal Studies Research Paper No. LS 15-39, George Mason Law & Economics Research Paper No. 15-48.
Chien, Colleen & Karkhanis, Aashish R. “Functional Claiming and Software Patents”. Santa Clara Univ. Legal Studies Research Paper No. 06-13, 2013. Disponible en: http://ssrn.com/abstract=2215867
Collins, Kevin Emerson. “Patent Law’s Functionality Malfunction and the Problem of Overbroad, Functional Software Patents”. Washington University Law Review 1399, 2013. Washington University in St. Louis Legal Studies Research Paper No. 13-2-1. Disponible en: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2221950
Constitución de los Estados Unidos. Sección 8, artículo 1.
Cross, Michael. “The Cost of Patent Trolling”. The Law Society Gazette, 3 de septiembre de 2015.
Cotter, Thomas. “PwC 2018 Patent Litigation Study Is Out”. En: Comparative Patent Remedies [en línea], 18 de junio de 2018. Disponible en: http://comparativepatentremedies.blogspot.com/2018/06/pwc-2018-patent-litigationstudy-is-out.html [consulta: 26-07-2020].
Decisión Andina 486. Disponible en: http://www.comunidadandina.org/Static-Files/201761102019%20en%20Propiedad%20Intelectual.pdf
D’Incelli, Gregory. “Has Ebay Spelled the End of Patent Troll Abuses – Paying the Toll: The Rise (and Fall) of the Patent Troll”. University of Miami Business Law Review, vol. 17, no. 2, 2019, pp. 343-364.
European Commission. Study on Evaluating the Knowledge Economy: What are Patents Actually Worth? The Value of Patents for Today’s Economy and Society’, Final Report, 23 de julio de 2006. Disponible en: Executive Office of the President. Patent Assertion and US Innovation, junio de 2013.
Feldman, Robin y Lemley, Mark. A. “Do Patent Licensing Demands Mean Innovation?”. Stanford Law and Economics Working Paper No. 473, 2015.
Feng, Josh y Jaravel, Xavier. “Who feeds the trolls? Patent trolls and the patent examination process”. Working Paper, 2016.
Fischer, Timo y Henkel, Joachim. “Patent trolls on markets for technology – An empirical analysis of npes’ patent acquisitions”. Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 41, n.° 9, 2012, pp. 1519-1533.
Fusco, Stefania. “Markets and Patent Enforcement: A Comparative Investigation of Non-Practicing Entities in the United States and Europe”. Michigan Telecommunications & Technology Law Review, vol. 20, n.° 2, 2014, pp. 439-465.
Helmers, Christian; Love, Brian J. y McDonagh, Luke. “Is There a Patent Troll Problem in the UK?”. Fordham Intellectual Property, Media & Entertainment Law Journal, vol. 24, n.° 2, 2014, pp. 509-553.
Helmers, Christian y McDonagh, Luke. “Trolls at the High Court?”. lse Legal Studies Working Paper No. 13/2012, 23 de septiembre de 2012.
Hricik, David. “Legal Ethics and Non-Practicing Entities: Being on the Receiving End Matters Too”. Santa Clara High Tech. Law Journal, vol. 27, n.° 4, 2011, pp. 793-804.
Huang, Qian; King, Grace y Rawson, Tim. “Navigating the landscape of antitrolling legislation”. Intellectual property Magazine, junio de 2016 [consulta: 23-10-2021].
Janssens de Bisthoven, Nicolas. Patent Trolls and Abusive Patent Litigation in Europe: What the Unitary Patent Package Can Learn from the American Experience?. ttlf Working Papers, n.° 19. Stanford Law School and the University of Vienna School of Law, 2013.
Kelly, Edward y Carroll, Christopher. “How the EU Patent Court Will Protect Against Trolls”. Law360, 2013.
Kesan, Jay P. y Gallo, Andres. “Why ‘Bad’ Patents Survive in the Market and How Should We Change? The Private and Social Costs of Patents”. Emory Law Journal, vol. 55, 2006, pp. 61-140. U Illinois Law & Economics Research Paper No. LE05-004. Disponible en: https://ssrn.com/abstract=688005 o http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.688005
Lemley, Mark A. “Software Patents and the Return of Functional Claiming”. Stanford Public Law Working Paper, No. 2117302, 2012.
Lemley, Mark A. y Melamed, Doug. “Missing the Forest for the Trolls”. Columbia Law Review, vol. 113, 2013, pp. 2117-2190, Stanford Law and Economics Olin Working Paper No. 443. Disponible en: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2269087 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2269087
Liivak, Oskar y Penalver, Eduardo Moisés. “The Right Not to Use in Property and Patent Law”. Cornell Legal Studies Research Paper No. 12-62, 2012. Long, Clarisa. “Patent Signals”. The University of Chicago Law Review, vol. 69, n.° 2, pp. 625-679.
Love, Brian J. “An Empirical Study of Patent Litigation Timing: Could a Patent Term Reduction Decimate Trolls Without Harming Innovators?”. University of Pennsylvania Law Review, vol. 161, 2011, pp. 1309, 2013.
Magliocca, Gerard N. “Blackberries and Barnyards: Patent Trolls and the Perils of Innovation”. Notre Dame Law Review, vol. 82, n.° 5, 2007, pp. 1809-1838.
Mann, Ronald J. “Do Patents Facilitate Financing in the Software Industry?”. Texas Law Review, vol. 83, no. 4, 2005, pp. 961-1030.
Mayergoyz, Anna. “Lessons from Europe on How to Tame U.S. Patent Trolls”. Cornell International Law Journal, vol. 42, n.° 2, article 5, 2009.
McDonough, James F. “The Myth of the Patent Troll: An Alternative View of the Function of Patent Dealers in an Idea Economy”. Emory Law Journal, vol. 56, 2006, p. 189, Emory Public Law Research Paper No. 07-6, Emory Law and Economics Research Paper No. 07-7.
Menell, Peter y Meurer, Michael. “Notice failure and notice externalities”. Journal of Legal Analysis, vol. 5, n.° 1, 2013, pp.1-59.
Merges, Robert P. “The Trouble with Trolls: Innovation, Rent-Seeking, and Patent Law Reform”. Berkeley Technology Law Journal, vol. 24, 2010, p. 1583.
Nikolic, Igor. “Are Patent Assertion Entities (paes) a Threat to Europe?”, 3 de junio de 2018. Disponible en: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3189824 o http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3189824
O’Rourke, Maureen. “Toward a Doctrine of Fair Use in Patent Law”. Columbia Law Review, vol. 100, n.° 5, 2000, p. 1177-1250.
Orr, Justin R. “Patent Aggregation: Models, Harms, and the Limited Role of Antitrust”. Berkeley Technology Law Journal, vol. 28, 2013, pp. 525-568.
Orsatti, Gianluca y Sterzi, Valerio. “Do Patent Assertion Entities Harm Innovation? Evidence from Patent Transfers in Europe”. Cahiers du gretha (2007-2019) 2018-08, Groupe de Recherche en Economie Théorique et Appliquée (gretha).
Posner, Richard A. “Patent Trolls—Posner”. En: Beckner-Posner Blog, 21 de julio de 2013.
Reitzig, Markus; Henkel, Joachim y Heath, Christopher. “On sharks, trolls, and their patent prey—Unrealistic damage awards and firms’ strategies of ‘being infringed’”, Research Policy, vol. 36, 2007, pp. 34-154.
Schwartz, David L. y Kesan, Jay P. “Analyzing the Role of npes in the Patent System”. Cornell Law Review, vol. 99, n.° 2, 2014, pp. 425-456. Disponible en: http://scholarship.law.cornell.edu/clr/vol99/iss2/4
Steppe, Richard. “Abuse of Rights and Patent Trolling: Amicus Certus in Re Incerta?”. Jura Falconis, vol. 53, n.° 3, 2017, pp. 314-388.
Sterzi, Valerio; Rameshkoumar, Jean-Paul y van der Pol, Johannes. “Non-practicing entities and transparency in patent ownership in Europe”. Bordeaux Economics Working Papers, BxWP2020-10, 2020. Disponible en: https://ideas.repec.org/p/grt/bdxewp/2020-10.html
Subramanian, Sujitha. “Patent Trolls in Thickets: Who is fishing under the Bridge”. European Intellectual Property Review, vol. 30, n.° 5, 2008, pp. 182-188.
Thumm, Nikolaus y Gabison, Garry. Patent Assertion Entities in Europe: Their impact on innovation and knowledge transfer in ict markets. eur 28145 EN. Luxembourg (Luxembourg): Publications Office of the European Union, 2016. jrc103321. Disponible en: https://ec.europa.eu/jrc/en/publication/eur-scientific-and-technical-research-reports/patent-assertion-entities-europe-their-impact-innovation-and-knowledge-transfer-ict-markets
Tietz, Jonathan. “The Unified Patent Court and Patent Trolls in Europe”. Michigan Technology Law Review, vol. 25, n.° 2, 2019, pp. 303-330.
Tucker, Catherine E. “Patent Trolls and Technology Diffusion”. tilec Discussion Paper No. 2012-030, 23 de marzo de 2013.
Vermont Statutes 2014 Title 9 - Commerce and Trade Chapter 120 – bad faith assertions of patent infringement § 4197 Bad faith assertions of patent infringement.
Williams, Sam. “A Haven for Patent Pirates”. En: mit Technology Review, 3 de febrero de 2006.
Wilson, Kelce. “The Four Classes of Patent Licensing”. Les Nouvelles – Journal of the Licensing Executives Society, vol. liv, n.° 1, marzo de 2019. Disponible en: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3317017
Wilson, Kelce. “The Four Phases of Patent Usage”. Capital University Law Review, vol. 40, n.° 3, 2012, pp. 679-700.
dc.rights.spa.fl_str_mv Enrico Bonadio, Magali Contardi - 2021
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spelling Bonadio, EnricoContardi, Magali2021-12-13T08:41:25Z2025-04-09T19:12:36Z2021-12-13T08:41:25Z2025-04-09T19:12:36Z2021-12-13Un “trol de patentes” es una entidad que obtiene una serie de patentes sin llevar a cabo investigación y desarrollo, por ejemplo, adquiriéndolas en el mercado, y sin ninguna intención de trabajar las invenciones subyacentes produciendo y/o comercializando productos. Más bien, estas entidades se dirigen a otras empresas de las cuales simplemente sospechan que utilizan la invención patentada, amenazándolas con demandarlas por infracción de patentes y obligándolas a corresponder cánones (a menudo bastante elevados), incluso cuando la infracción de la patente en cuestión es incierta. Este artículo analiza este fenómeno desde la perspectiva del derecho de patentes estadounidense, adoptando una postura crítica del comportamiento abusivo por parte de algunas entidades no practicantes. De allí que el artículo toma como punto de partida el pleito estadounidense Blackbird contra Cloudflare, iniciado por un bufete de abogados boutique que es conocido por haber interpuesto más de 50 acciones de infracción de patentes contra entidades diferentes en un solo año.A “patent troll” is a company that obtains a variety of patents without conducting research and development, e. g. by acquiring them in the market, and without any intention to work the underlying inventions by producing and/or selling products. Such company then approaches other firms which are merely suspected of using the patented invention with threats of patent infringement suits and demands for (often high) royalties. This article looks into this phenomenon criticising what many views as an abusive behaviour by non-practicing entities. It builds upon the US case Blackbird v. Cloudflare, started by a boutique law firm which is well-known for taking lawsuits against more than 50 different defendants in a single year.application/pdftext/html10.18601/16571959.n32.022346-21161657-1959https://bdigital.uexternado.edu.co/handle/001/26224https://doi.org/10.18601/16571959.n32.02spaCentro de Estudios de la Propiedad Intelectualhttps://revistas.uexternado.edu.co/index.php/propin/article/download/7626/11592https://revistas.uexternado.edu.co/index.php/propin/article/download/7626/11593Núm. 32 , Año 2021 : Julio-Diciembre703237Revista La Propiedad InmaterialAllison, John R. y Lemley, Mark A. “Empirical Evidence on the Validity of Litigated Patents”. American Intellectual Property Law Association (aipla) Quarterly Journal, vol. 26, 1998, pp. 185 y ss.Bartolini, Novella; Casalicchio, Emiliano y Tucci, Salvatore. “A Walk through Content Delivery Networks”. En: Maria Carla Calzarossa y Erol Gelenbe (eds). Performance Tools and Applications to Networked Systems. mascots. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 2965. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer, 2003.Bessen, James; Meurer, Michael y Ford, Jennifer L. “The Private and Social Costs of Patent Trolls”. Boston Univ. School of Law, Law and Economics Research Paper No. 11-45, 19 de septiembre de 2011.Bone, Robert G. “Of Trolls, Orphans, and Abandoned Marks: What’s Wrong with Not Using Intellectual Property?”. Colum. J.L & Arts, vol. 42, 2018. U of Texas Law, Public Law Research Paper No. 699.Chien, Colleen. “From Arms Race to Marketplace: The Complex Patent Ecosystem and Its Implications for the Patent System”. Hastings Law Journal, vol. 62, n.° 2, 2011, pp. 297-355.Chien, Collen. “Patent assertion and startup innovation”. New America Foundation, Open Technology Institute White Paper, septiembre de 2013. Disponible en: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2321340.Chien, Colleen. “Startups and Patent Trolls”. Stanford Technology Law Review. Santa Clara Univ. Legal Studies Research Paper No. 09-12, 2012.Chiang, Tun-Jen. “Trolls and Orphans”. Boston University Law Review, vol. 96, n.° 3, 2015, pp. 691-715, George Mason Legal Studies Research Paper No. LS 15-39, George Mason Law & Economics Research Paper No. 15-48.Chien, Colleen & Karkhanis, Aashish R. “Functional Claiming and Software Patents”. Santa Clara Univ. Legal Studies Research Paper No. 06-13, 2013. Disponible en: http://ssrn.com/abstract=2215867Collins, Kevin Emerson. “Patent Law’s Functionality Malfunction and the Problem of Overbroad, Functional Software Patents”. Washington University Law Review 1399, 2013. Washington University in St. Louis Legal Studies Research Paper No. 13-2-1. Disponible en: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2221950Constitución de los Estados Unidos. Sección 8, artículo 1.Cross, Michael. “The Cost of Patent Trolling”. The Law Society Gazette, 3 de septiembre de 2015.Cotter, Thomas. “PwC 2018 Patent Litigation Study Is Out”. En: Comparative Patent Remedies [en línea], 18 de junio de 2018. Disponible en: http://comparativepatentremedies.blogspot.com/2018/06/pwc-2018-patent-litigationstudy-is-out.html [consulta: 26-07-2020].Decisión Andina 486. Disponible en: http://www.comunidadandina.org/Static-Files/201761102019%20en%20Propiedad%20Intelectual.pdfD’Incelli, Gregory. “Has Ebay Spelled the End of Patent Troll Abuses – Paying the Toll: The Rise (and Fall) of the Patent Troll”. University of Miami Business Law Review, vol. 17, no. 2, 2019, pp. 343-364.European Commission. Study on Evaluating the Knowledge Economy: What are Patents Actually Worth? The Value of Patents for Today’s Economy and Society’, Final Report, 23 de julio de 2006. Disponible en: Executive Office of the President. Patent Assertion and US Innovation, junio de 2013.Feldman, Robin y Lemley, Mark. A. “Do Patent Licensing Demands Mean Innovation?”. Stanford Law and Economics Working Paper No. 473, 2015.Feng, Josh y Jaravel, Xavier. “Who feeds the trolls? Patent trolls and the patent examination process”. Working Paper, 2016.Fischer, Timo y Henkel, Joachim. “Patent trolls on markets for technology – An empirical analysis of npes’ patent acquisitions”. Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 41, n.° 9, 2012, pp. 1519-1533.Fusco, Stefania. “Markets and Patent Enforcement: A Comparative Investigation of Non-Practicing Entities in the United States and Europe”. Michigan Telecommunications & Technology Law Review, vol. 20, n.° 2, 2014, pp. 439-465.Helmers, Christian; Love, Brian J. y McDonagh, Luke. “Is There a Patent Troll Problem in the UK?”. Fordham Intellectual Property, Media & Entertainment Law Journal, vol. 24, n.° 2, 2014, pp. 509-553.Helmers, Christian y McDonagh, Luke. “Trolls at the High Court?”. lse Legal Studies Working Paper No. 13/2012, 23 de septiembre de 2012.Hricik, David. “Legal Ethics and Non-Practicing Entities: Being on the Receiving End Matters Too”. Santa Clara High Tech. Law Journal, vol. 27, n.° 4, 2011, pp. 793-804.Huang, Qian; King, Grace y Rawson, Tim. “Navigating the landscape of antitrolling legislation”. Intellectual property Magazine, junio de 2016 [consulta: 23-10-2021].Janssens de Bisthoven, Nicolas. Patent Trolls and Abusive Patent Litigation in Europe: What the Unitary Patent Package Can Learn from the American Experience?. ttlf Working Papers, n.° 19. Stanford Law School and the University of Vienna School of Law, 2013.Kelly, Edward y Carroll, Christopher. “How the EU Patent Court Will Protect Against Trolls”. Law360, 2013.Kesan, Jay P. y Gallo, Andres. “Why ‘Bad’ Patents Survive in the Market and How Should We Change? The Private and Social Costs of Patents”. Emory Law Journal, vol. 55, 2006, pp. 61-140. U Illinois Law & Economics Research Paper No. LE05-004. Disponible en: https://ssrn.com/abstract=688005 o http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.688005Lemley, Mark A. “Software Patents and the Return of Functional Claiming”. Stanford Public Law Working Paper, No. 2117302, 2012.Lemley, Mark A. y Melamed, Doug. “Missing the Forest for the Trolls”. Columbia Law Review, vol. 113, 2013, pp. 2117-2190, Stanford Law and Economics Olin Working Paper No. 443. Disponible en: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2269087 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2269087Liivak, Oskar y Penalver, Eduardo Moisés. “The Right Not to Use in Property and Patent Law”. Cornell Legal Studies Research Paper No. 12-62, 2012. Long, Clarisa. “Patent Signals”. 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Capital University Law Review, vol. 40, n.° 3, 2012, pp. 679-700.Enrico Bonadio, Magali Contardi - 2021info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0.http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0https://revistas.uexternado.edu.co/index.php/propin/article/view/7626Intellectual Property-Patents;Patent Trolls;Non-Practising Entities (NPE);Abuse of (Patent) Rights;Innovationderechos de propiedad intelectual;troles de patentes;entidades no practicantes (ENP);abuso de derechos (de patentes);innovaciónLos troles de patentes: una historia de exceso de ejercicios de derechos de propiedad intelectualPatent trolls and non-practicing entities: a tale of intellectual property excessesArtículo de revistahttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85Textinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articleJournal articlehttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/ARTREFinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionPublicationOREORE.xmltext/xml2628https://bdigital.uexternado.edu.co/bitstreams/18456e22-5052-4ddb-b026-285b0e1825ac/download0acd09e24e4e6e9d2258a4fdbad93c9eMD51001/26224oai:bdigital.uexternado.edu.co:001/262242025-04-09 14:12:36.684http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0Enrico Bonadio, Magali Contardi - 2021https://bdigital.uexternado.edu.coUniversidad Externado de Colombiametabiblioteca@metabiblioteca.org

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