Back-to-Back withholding loan rules and their anti-treaty shopping effect in Canada

La Ley del Impuesto sobre la Renta suele imponer retenciones en el origen. El artículo 11 de los tratados fiscales canadienses permite a Canadá gravar los intereses que surgen en el país y se pagan a los residentes del otro país del tratado a una tasa reducida del 10 % o 15 % de la tasa legal que de...

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Autores:
Díaz, Juan Carlos
Tipo de recurso:
Article of journal
Fecha de publicación:
2023
Institución:
Universidad Externado de Colombia
Repositorio:
Biblioteca Digital Universidad Externado de Colombia
Idioma:
spa
OAI Identifier:
oai:bdigital.uexternado.edu.co:001/15411
Acceso en línea:
https://bdigital.uexternado.edu.co/handle/001/15411
https://doi.org/10.18601/16926722.n24.08
Palabra clave:
Consecutive Loans,
Norms Against Treaty Elusion,
Canada
préstamos consecutivos,
normas contra la elusión de tratados,
Canadá
préstamos executados,
normas contra a elusão de tratados,
Canadá
Rights
openAccess
License
Juan Carlos Díaz - 2023
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oai_identifier_str oai:bdigital.uexternado.edu.co:001/15411
network_acronym_str uexternad2
network_name_str Biblioteca Digital Universidad Externado de Colombia
repository_id_str
dc.title.spa.fl_str_mv Back-to-Back withholding loan rules and their anti-treaty shopping effect in Canada
dc.title.translated.eng.fl_str_mv Back-to-Back withholding loan rules and their anti-treaty shopping effect in Canada
title Back-to-Back withholding loan rules and their anti-treaty shopping effect in Canada
spellingShingle Back-to-Back withholding loan rules and their anti-treaty shopping effect in Canada
Consecutive Loans,
Norms Against Treaty Elusion,
Canada
préstamos consecutivos,
normas contra la elusión de tratados,
Canadá
préstamos executados,
normas contra a elusão de tratados,
Canadá
title_short Back-to-Back withholding loan rules and their anti-treaty shopping effect in Canada
title_full Back-to-Back withholding loan rules and their anti-treaty shopping effect in Canada
title_fullStr Back-to-Back withholding loan rules and their anti-treaty shopping effect in Canada
title_full_unstemmed Back-to-Back withholding loan rules and their anti-treaty shopping effect in Canada
title_sort Back-to-Back withholding loan rules and their anti-treaty shopping effect in Canada
dc.creator.fl_str_mv Díaz, Juan Carlos
dc.contributor.author.spa.fl_str_mv Díaz, Juan Carlos
dc.subject.eng.fl_str_mv Consecutive Loans,
Norms Against Treaty Elusion,
Canada
topic Consecutive Loans,
Norms Against Treaty Elusion,
Canada
préstamos consecutivos,
normas contra la elusión de tratados,
Canadá
préstamos executados,
normas contra a elusão de tratados,
Canadá
dc.subject.spa.fl_str_mv préstamos consecutivos,
normas contra la elusión de tratados,
Canadá
préstamos executados,
normas contra a elusão de tratados,
Canadá
description La Ley del Impuesto sobre la Renta suele imponer retenciones en el origen. El artículo 11 de los tratados fiscales canadienses permite a Canadá gravar los intereses que surgen en el país y se pagan a los residentes del otro país del tratado a una tasa reducida del 10 % o 15 % de la tasa legal que de otro modo podría aplicarse. Exclusivamente, según el tratado entre Canadá y Estados Unidos, no se aplica ningún impuesto de retención canadiense a los intereses sobre deudas no realizadas en condiciones de plena competencia, por ejemplo, cuando una subsidiaria canadiense paga intereses sobre dinero prestado de su empresa matriz estadounidense. Sin embargo, como los tratados tienen por objeto proporcionar beneficios fiscales solo a los residentes de los países del tratado, los residentes de terceros países, por ejemplo, la matriz de una empresa multinacional en un tercer país, podrían tratar de concertar transacciones de préstamo indirectamente a través de los Estados Unidos o quizás otros países calificar para beneficios del tratado que de otro modo no estarían disponibles con un préstamo directo del prestamista final o de algún otro miembro de la familia corporativa. A esto a menudo se le llama “compra de tratados”, estructurando préstamos para reducir la retención de impuestos a la tasa más baja posible del tratado fiscal. Estos acuerdos generalmente pueden y con frecuencia implican la interposición de un intermediario financiero no residente ubicado en una jurisdicción con un tratado fiscal entre un contribuyente canadiense y un residente de una jurisdicción sin un tratado fiscal para reducir la retención de impuestos que se aplicaría si se otorgara un préstamo y se pagaran los intereses. sobre el préstamo directamente. Como respuesta, las subsecciones 212(3.1) y 212(3.2) de la ITA establecen reglas objetivas específicas para abordar acuerdos de préstamos consecutivos a través de esquemas de compra de tratados, en sintonía con las características comerciales comunes de las transacciones de préstamos comerciales y los intereses de los inversores genuinos. participantes interesados en ellos.
publishDate 2023
dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv 2023-12-07T11:46:24Z
2024-06-07T08:31:53Z
dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv 2023-12-07T11:46:24Z
2024-06-07T08:31:53Z
dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv 2023-12-07
dc.type.spa.fl_str_mv Artículo de revista
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dc.relation.bitstream.none.fl_str_mv https://revistas.uexternado.edu.co/index.php/fiscal/article/download/9167/15817
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https://revistas.uexternado.edu.co/index.php/fiscal/article/download/9167/15819
dc.relation.citationedition.spa.fl_str_mv Núm. 24 , Año 2024 : Enero-Junio
dc.relation.citationendpage.none.fl_str_mv 183
dc.relation.citationissue.spa.fl_str_mv 24
dc.relation.citationstartpage.none.fl_str_mv 161
dc.relation.ispartofjournal.spa.fl_str_mv Revista de Derecho Fiscal
dc.relation.references.spa.fl_str_mv Income Tax Act, RSC 1985 (5th Supplement), [ITA 1985], ss 212(3.1) and (3.2).
(Meaning of interest) England and Wales Court of Appeal in Pike v. Revenue and Customs Commissioners, [2014] EWCA Civ. 824 at para. 18(C.A.).
(Back-to-Back Loans)
Inland Revenue Commissioners v. Duke of Westminster, (1935) [1936] A.C. 1 (H.L.).
Canada Trustco Mortgage Co. v. Canada, [2005] 5 C.T.C. 215 (S.C.C.) 2005 D.T.C. 5523, at para 75.
Canada v. MIL (Investments) SA [2007] FCA 236; aff’g. 2006 TCC 460
Velcro Canada Inc. v. Canada, [2012] T.C.J. No. 49, [2012] 4 C.T.C. 2029, 2012D.T.C. 1100 (T.C.C.).
Prévost Car Inc. v. Canada [2009] FCA 57; aff’g. 2008 TCC 231.
Lehigh Cement Ltd. v. Canada, [2010] F.C.J. No. 658, [2010] 5 C.T.C. 5081,2010 D.T.C. 5081 (F.C.A.).
(Effect of intermediation)
Velcro Canada Inc. v. Canada, [2012] T.C.J. No. 49, [2012] 4 C.T.C. 2029, 2012D.T.C. 1100 (T.C.C.).
(Treaty shopping arrangements)
Alta Energy Luxembourg SARL v. The Queen, 2018 TCC 152; aff’d. 2021 SCC 49.
Canada v. MIL (Investments) SA [2007] FCA 236; aff’g. 2006 TCC 460.
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, Preventing the Granting of Treaty Benefits in Inappropriate Circumstances, Action 6—2015 Final Report (Paris: OECD, October 5,2015).
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, “Multilateral Convention To Implement Tax Treaty Related Measures To Prevent BEPS” Paris: OECE, November 24, 2016).
Jinyan Li, Arthur Cockfield, & J. Scott Wilkie, International Taxation in Canada, 4th ed. (Toronto, LexisNexis Canada, 2018).
Jinyan Li, Joanne Magee & J Scott Wilkie, Principles of Canadian Income Tax Law, 10th ed (Toronto, Thomson Reuters, 2022).
Amanda Heale, Simplifying the Taxation of Inbound Investment, 2020 Conference Report (Toronto: Canadian Tax Foundation, 2020) 12: 1-23.
Andrew Spiro and Shavone Bazarkewich, Specified Right: Back-to-Back Shareholder Loans, 2018 26:1 Canadian Tax Highlights 8-9.
David G. Duff, Tax Treaty Abuse and the Principal Purpose Test—Part 1, International Tax Planning feature, 2018 66:3 Canadian Tax Journal 619-677.
Eric Hamelin, A Tax Court Dissent on Subsection 84(2) Current Cases feature, 2022 70:3 Canadian Tax Journal 666-84.
Ian Bradley, Denny Kwan, and Dian Wang Are the Back-to-Back Withholding Tax Regime an Effective Anti-Treaty-Shopping Measure? International Tax Planning feature, 2016 64:4 Canadian Tax Journal 833-858.
Marlene Cepparo, Specified Right and Back-to-Back Shareholder Loans, 2018 26:2 Canadian Tax Highlights 8-9.
Nik Diksic and Sabrina Wong, Cross-Border Lending Practices, in Report of the Proceedings of the 69th Tax Conference, 2017 Conference Report (Toronto: Canadian Tax Foundation, 2018), 21:1-29.
Jason Boland and Christopher Montes, A Detailed Review of the Back-to-Back Loan Rules, in Report of Proceedings of the Sixty-Eighth Tax Conference, 2016 Conference Report (Toronto: Canadian Tax Foundation, 2017), 26:1-32.
Steve Marshall and Craig Maurice, Advising on Inbound Investment, in 2022 Prairie Provinces Tax Conference, (Toronto: Canadian Tax Foundation, 2022), 9: 1-100.
Nik Diksic and Sabrina Wong, Cross-Border Lending Practices, in Report of the Proceedings of the 69th Tax Conference, 2017 Conference Report (Toronto: Canadian Tax Foundation, 2018), 21:1-29.
Taylor Cao and Annika Wang, Introduction to Inbound Investments in Canada, in 2021 YP Focus Virtual Conference (Toronto: Canadian Tax Foundation, 2021), 2: 1-59.
dc.rights.spa.fl_str_mv Juan Carlos Díaz - 2023
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spelling Díaz, Juan Carlos2023-12-07T11:46:24Z2024-06-07T08:31:53Z2023-12-07T11:46:24Z2024-06-07T08:31:53Z2023-12-07La Ley del Impuesto sobre la Renta suele imponer retenciones en el origen. El artículo 11 de los tratados fiscales canadienses permite a Canadá gravar los intereses que surgen en el país y se pagan a los residentes del otro país del tratado a una tasa reducida del 10 % o 15 % de la tasa legal que de otro modo podría aplicarse. Exclusivamente, según el tratado entre Canadá y Estados Unidos, no se aplica ningún impuesto de retención canadiense a los intereses sobre deudas no realizadas en condiciones de plena competencia, por ejemplo, cuando una subsidiaria canadiense paga intereses sobre dinero prestado de su empresa matriz estadounidense. Sin embargo, como los tratados tienen por objeto proporcionar beneficios fiscales solo a los residentes de los países del tratado, los residentes de terceros países, por ejemplo, la matriz de una empresa multinacional en un tercer país, podrían tratar de concertar transacciones de préstamo indirectamente a través de los Estados Unidos o quizás otros países calificar para beneficios del tratado que de otro modo no estarían disponibles con un préstamo directo del prestamista final o de algún otro miembro de la familia corporativa. A esto a menudo se le llama “compra de tratados”, estructurando préstamos para reducir la retención de impuestos a la tasa más baja posible del tratado fiscal. Estos acuerdos generalmente pueden y con frecuencia implican la interposición de un intermediario financiero no residente ubicado en una jurisdicción con un tratado fiscal entre un contribuyente canadiense y un residente de una jurisdicción sin un tratado fiscal para reducir la retención de impuestos que se aplicaría si se otorgara un préstamo y se pagaran los intereses. sobre el préstamo directamente. Como respuesta, las subsecciones 212(3.1) y 212(3.2) de la ITA establecen reglas objetivas específicas para abordar acuerdos de préstamos consecutivos a través de esquemas de compra de tratados, en sintonía con las características comerciales comunes de las transacciones de préstamos comerciales y los intereses de los inversores genuinos. participantes interesados en ellos.The Income Tax Act imposes withholding tax typically; article 11 of Canadian tax treaties allow Canada to tax interest arising in Canada and paid to residents of the other treaty country at a reduced rate of 10 or 15 percent from the statutory rate that could otherwise apply. Exclusively, under Canada-United States Treaty, no Canadian withholding tax applies to interest on non-arm’s length debt, for example, when a Canadian subsidiary pays interest on money borrowed from its U.S. parent corporation. Nevertheless, as treaties are intended to provide tax benefits only to residents of the treaty countries, residents of third countries, for example, the parent of a multinational enterprise in a third country, might seek to arrange lending transactions indirectly through the United States or perhaps other countries to qualify for treaty benefits that would not otherwise be available on a direct loan from the ultimate lender or some other member of the corporate family. This is often called “treaty shopping,” structuring loans to reduce the withholding tax to the least possible tax treaty rate. These arrangements generally may and frequently involve interposing a non-resident financial intermediary located in a tax treaty jurisdiction between a Canadian taxpayer and a resident of a nonta treaty jurisdiction to reduce the withholding tax that would apply if a loan were made and interest paid on the loan directly. As a response, subsections 212(3.1) and 212(3.2) of the ITA provide specific objective rules to address back-to-back loan arrangements through treaty shopping schemes, attuned to the common commercial characteristics of commercial lending transactions and the interests of genuine self-interested participants in them.application/pdftext/htmltext/xml10.18601/16926722.n24.082346-24341692-6722https://bdigital.uexternado.edu.co/handle/001/15411https://doi.org/10.18601/16926722.n24.08spaCentro de Estudios Fiscaleshttps://revistas.uexternado.edu.co/index.php/fiscal/article/download/9167/15817https://revistas.uexternado.edu.co/index.php/fiscal/article/download/9167/15818https://revistas.uexternado.edu.co/index.php/fiscal/article/download/9167/15819Núm. 24 , Año 2024 : Enero-Junio18324161Revista de Derecho FiscalIncome Tax Act, RSC 1985 (5th Supplement), [ITA 1985], ss 212(3.1) and (3.2).(Meaning of interest) England and Wales Court of Appeal in Pike v. Revenue and Customs Commissioners, [2014] EWCA Civ. 824 at para. 18(C.A.).(Back-to-Back Loans)Inland Revenue Commissioners v. Duke of Westminster, (1935) [1936] A.C. 1 (H.L.).Canada Trustco Mortgage Co. v. Canada, [2005] 5 C.T.C. 215 (S.C.C.) 2005 D.T.C. 5523, at para 75.Canada v. MIL (Investments) SA [2007] FCA 236; aff’g. 2006 TCC 460Velcro Canada Inc. v. Canada, [2012] T.C.J. No. 49, [2012] 4 C.T.C. 2029, 2012D.T.C. 1100 (T.C.C.).Prévost Car Inc. v. Canada [2009] FCA 57; aff’g. 2008 TCC 231.Lehigh Cement Ltd. v. Canada, [2010] F.C.J. No. 658, [2010] 5 C.T.C. 5081,2010 D.T.C. 5081 (F.C.A.).(Effect of intermediation)Velcro Canada Inc. v. Canada, [2012] T.C.J. No. 49, [2012] 4 C.T.C. 2029, 2012D.T.C. 1100 (T.C.C.).(Treaty shopping arrangements)Alta Energy Luxembourg SARL v. The Queen, 2018 TCC 152; aff’d. 2021 SCC 49.Canada v. MIL (Investments) SA [2007] FCA 236; aff’g. 2006 TCC 460.Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, Preventing the Granting of Treaty Benefits in Inappropriate Circumstances, Action 6—2015 Final Report (Paris: OECD, October 5,2015).Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, “Multilateral Convention To Implement Tax Treaty Related Measures To Prevent BEPS” Paris: OECE, November 24, 2016).Jinyan Li, Arthur Cockfield, & J. Scott Wilkie, International Taxation in Canada, 4th ed. (Toronto, LexisNexis Canada, 2018).Jinyan Li, Joanne Magee & J Scott Wilkie, Principles of Canadian Income Tax Law, 10th ed (Toronto, Thomson Reuters, 2022).Amanda Heale, Simplifying the Taxation of Inbound Investment, 2020 Conference Report (Toronto: Canadian Tax Foundation, 2020) 12: 1-23.Andrew Spiro and Shavone Bazarkewich, Specified Right: Back-to-Back Shareholder Loans, 2018 26:1 Canadian Tax Highlights 8-9.David G. Duff, Tax Treaty Abuse and the Principal Purpose Test—Part 1, International Tax Planning feature, 2018 66:3 Canadian Tax Journal 619-677.Eric Hamelin, A Tax Court Dissent on Subsection 84(2) Current Cases feature, 2022 70:3 Canadian Tax Journal 666-84.Ian Bradley, Denny Kwan, and Dian Wang Are the Back-to-Back Withholding Tax Regime an Effective Anti-Treaty-Shopping Measure? International Tax Planning feature, 2016 64:4 Canadian Tax Journal 833-858.Marlene Cepparo, Specified Right and Back-to-Back Shareholder Loans, 2018 26:2 Canadian Tax Highlights 8-9.Nik Diksic and Sabrina Wong, Cross-Border Lending Practices, in Report of the Proceedings of the 69th Tax Conference, 2017 Conference Report (Toronto: Canadian Tax Foundation, 2018), 21:1-29.Jason Boland and Christopher Montes, A Detailed Review of the Back-to-Back Loan Rules, in Report of Proceedings of the Sixty-Eighth Tax Conference, 2016 Conference Report (Toronto: Canadian Tax Foundation, 2017), 26:1-32.Steve Marshall and Craig Maurice, Advising on Inbound Investment, in 2022 Prairie Provinces Tax Conference, (Toronto: Canadian Tax Foundation, 2022), 9: 1-100.Nik Diksic and Sabrina Wong, Cross-Border Lending Practices, in Report of the Proceedings of the 69th Tax Conference, 2017 Conference Report (Toronto: Canadian Tax Foundation, 2018), 21:1-29.Taylor Cao and Annika Wang, Introduction to Inbound Investments in Canada, in 2021 YP Focus Virtual Conference (Toronto: Canadian Tax Foundation, 2021), 2: 1-59.Juan Carlos Díaz - 2023info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0.http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0https://revistas.uexternado.edu.co/index.php/fiscal/article/view/9167Consecutive Loans,Norms Against Treaty Elusion,Canadapréstamos consecutivos,normas contra la elusión de tratados,Canadápréstamos executados,normas contra a elusão de tratados,CanadáBack-to-Back withholding loan rules and their anti-treaty shopping effect in CanadaBack-to-Back withholding loan rules and their anti-treaty shopping effect in CanadaArtículo de revistahttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85Textinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articleJournal articlehttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/ARTREFinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionPublicationOREORE.xmltext/xml2541https://bdigital.uexternado.edu.co/bitstreams/ce0730e3-3852-4491-8bc8-07282ff1bb96/download3e2e0b72e0c9bb7ee7232267abaa3ddfMD51001/15411oai:bdigital.uexternado.edu.co:001/154112024-06-07 03:31:54.033http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0Juan Carlos Díaz - 2023https://bdigital.uexternado.edu.coUniversidad Externado de Colombiametabiblioteca@metabiblioteca.org