New approaches to conditionality in EU-Turkey relations: Assessing the role of irregular migration

Este artículo explora la dinámica cambiante de las relaciones entre la UE y Turquía en el contexto de la migración irregular. Históricamente, la Unión Europea ha empleado la condicionalidad como herramienta política para influir en las decisiones políticas de Turquía y en su legislación nacional par...

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Autores:: Dalkıran, Muge

Tipo de recurso:: Article of journal

Fecha de publicación:: 2023

Institución:: Universidad Externado de Colombia

Repositorio:: Biblioteca Digital Universidad Externado de Colombia

Idioma:: spa

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dc.title.spa.fl_str_mv	New approaches to conditionality in EU-Turkey relations: Assessing the role of irregular migration
dc.title.translated.eng.fl_str_mv	New approaches to conditionality in EU-Turkey relations: Assessing the role of irregular migration
title	New approaches to conditionality in EU-Turkey relations: Assessing the role of irregular migration
spellingShingle	New approaches to conditionality in EU-Turkey relations: Assessing the role of irregular migration Turkey’s migration and asylum policy; conditionality; EU-Turkey relations; europeanization Política turca de inmigración y asilo; condicionalidad; relaciones UE-Turquía; europeización
title_short	New approaches to conditionality in EU-Turkey relations: Assessing the role of irregular migration
title_full	New approaches to conditionality in EU-Turkey relations: Assessing the role of irregular migration
title_fullStr	New approaches to conditionality in EU-Turkey relations: Assessing the role of irregular migration
title_full_unstemmed	New approaches to conditionality in EU-Turkey relations: Assessing the role of irregular migration
title_sort	New approaches to conditionality in EU-Turkey relations: Assessing the role of irregular migration
dc.creator.fl_str_mv	Dalkıran, Muge
dc.contributor.author.spa.fl_str_mv	Dalkıran, Muge
dc.subject.eng.fl_str_mv	Turkey’s migration and asylum policy; conditionality; EU-Turkey relations; europeanization
topic	Turkey’s migration and asylum policy; conditionality; EU-Turkey relations; europeanization Política turca de inmigración y asilo; condicionalidad; relaciones UE-Turquía; europeización
dc.subject.spa.fl_str_mv	Política turca de inmigración y asilo; condicionalidad; relaciones UE-Turquía; europeización
description	Este artículo explora la dinámica cambiante de las relaciones entre la UE y Turquía en el contexto de la migración irregular. Históricamente, la Unión Europea ha empleado la condicionalidad como herramienta política para influir en las decisiones políticas de Turquía y en su legislación nacional para alinearla con las normas de la UE. Sin embargo, la búsqueda por parte de la UE de la prevención de la migración irregular y la reconfiguración de su cooperación con Turquía de este modo ha provocado cambios significativos en su relación bilateral. Además, cada vez hay más literatura sobre cómo la cooperación de la UE con terceros países para la “gestión de la migración” ha dado lugar a la instrumentalización de la migración irregular y ha invertido la condicionalidad contra la UE por parte de estos países, incluida Turquía. Basándose en un análisis exhaustivo de documentos políticos y bibliografía académica, este artículo identifica cómo las respuestas de la UE y Turquía a la migración irregular han creado una compleja interacción y han afectado la naturaleza de la cooperación bilateral, lo que plantea interrogantes sobre la continuidad de la condicionalidad de la UE sobre Turquía. Además, explora críticamente el concepto recientemente creado de “condicionalidad invertida”. Este artículo afirma que el concepto de “condicionalidad invertida” es un enfoque reduccionista del mecanismo de condicionalidad de la UE a un cambio en el poder de negociación en las relaciones UE-Turquía.
publishDate	2023
dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv	2023-12-01T15:28:38Z 2024-06-05T20:05:05Z
dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv	2023-12-01T15:28:38Z 2024-06-05T20:05:05Z
dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv	2023-12-01
dc.type.spa.fl_str_mv	Artículo de revista
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dc.relation.citationedition.spa.fl_str_mv	Núm. 39 , Año 2024 : Enero-Junio
dc.relation.citationendpage.none.fl_str_mv	143
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dc.relation.references.spa.fl_str_mv	Abdolkhani and Karimnia v. Turkey, Appl. No. 30471/08, Council of Europe: European Court of Human Rights, 22 September 2009. https://www.refworld.org/cases,ECHR,4ab8a1a42.html. Adar, S., & Seufert, G. (2021). Turkey’s Presidential System after Two and a Half Year: An Overview of Institutions and Politics. SWP Research Paper 2021/RP2. https://www.swp-berlin.org/10.18449/2021RP02/ Alpan, B., & Diez, T. (2014). The Devil is in the ‘Domestic’? European Integration Studies and the Limits of Europeanization in Turkey. Journal of Balkan and Near Eastern Studies, 16(1), 1-10. Alpan, B. (2021). Europeanization and EU-Turkey relations: Three domains, four periods. In W. Reinders, & E. Turhan (Eds.), EU-Turkey Relations: Theories, Institutions and Policies (pp. 107- 39). Palgrave Macmillan (E-book). Amnesty International (March 18, 2016).EU-Turkey refugee deal a historic blow to rights. https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/press-release/2016/03/euturkey-refugee-deal-a-historic-blow-to-rights/. Aydın-Düzgit, S., & Kaliber, A. (2016). Encounters with Europe in an era of domestic and international turmoil: Is Turkey a de-europeanising candidate country? South European Society and Politics, 2(1), 1-14. Aydın, M., & Açıkmeşe, S. A. (2007). Europeanization through EU conditionality: understanding the new era in Turkish foreign policy. Journal of Southern Europe and the Balkans, 9(3), 363-274. BBC. (November 24, 2016). Euro MPs vote to freeze Turkey EU membership talks. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-38090121 Borneman, J., & Fowler, N. (1997). Europeanization. Annual Review of Antrhropology, 26, 487-514. Bürgin, A. (2012). European Commission’s agency meets Ankara’s agenda: Why Turkey is ready for a readmission agreement. Journal of European Public Policy, 19(6), 883-899. Cassarino, J. P. (2007). Informalising readmission agreements in the EU neighbourhood. The International Spectator, 4(2), 179-196. Council Decision, 2003/398/EC of 19 May 2003 on the principles, priorities, intermediate objectives and conditions contained in the Accession Partnership with Turkey. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A32003D0398. Council Decision, 2006/35/EC of 26 January 2006 on the principles, priorities, and conditions contained in the Accession Partnership with Turkey. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A32006D0035. Council Decision, 2008/157/EC of 18 February 2008 on the principles, priorities, and conditions contained in the Accession Partnership with the Republic of Turkey and repealing Decision 2006/35/EC. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/en/ALL/?uri=celex%3A32008D0157. Council Regulation, EC, No 390/2001 of 26 February 2001 on assistance to Turkey in the framework of the pre-accession strategy, and in particular on the establishment of an Accession Partnership. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/Lex-UriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2001:058:0001:0002:EN:PDF. DGMM. (2005). İltica ve Göç Alanındaki Avrupa Birliği Müktesabatının Üstlenilmesine İlişkin Türkiye Ulusal Eylem Planı. https://www.goc.gov.tr/ilticave-goc-ulusal-eylem-plani Dalkiran, M. (2016). Law on Foreigners and International Protection: A Real Shift in Turkey’s Migration Policy? Al Sharq Forum, Expert Brief. https://research.sharqforum.org/2016/05/31/law-on-foreignersand-international-protection-a-real-shift-in-turkeys-migration-policy/ Demiryontar, B. (2021). Accession conditionality and migration diplomacy: Turkey’s dual identity in migration policy negotiations with the EU. European Politics and Society, 22(1), 88-103. Dimitriadi, A., Kaya, A. Kale, B., & Zurabishbili, T. (2018). EU-Turkey Relations and Irregular Migration: Transactional Cooperation in the Making (FEUTURE Online Paper No. 16). https://feuture.uni-koeln.de/sites/feuture/user_upload/FEUTURE_Online_Paper_No_16_D6.3.pdf. DW. (April 3, 2020). EU ‘strongly rejects’ Turkey’s ‘use’ of migrants at borders. https://www.dw.com/en/eu-strongly-rejects-turkeys-use-of-migrants-atborder/a-52640976 European Commission. (2013). Roadmap Towards a Visa- Free Regime with Turkey. https://home-affairs.ec.europa.eu/system/files/2016-12/20131216-roadmap_towards_the_visa-free_regime_with_turkey_en.pdf European Commission. (October 15, 2015). EU-Turkey joint action plan. https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/de/MEMO_15_5860 European Commission. (2015). Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions a European Agenda on Migration (COM/2015/0240final). European Council. (March 18, 2016). EU-Turkey Statement. https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/press/press-releases/2016/03/18/eu-turkey-statement/ European Stability Institute (ESI). (2013). Cutting the Visa Know: How Turks can travel freely to Europe. http://www.esiweb.org/pdf/esi_document_id_139.pdf Freedom House. (2018). Freedom in the World: Turkey. https://freedomhouse.org/country/turkey/freedom-world/2018 Freyburg, T., Lavenex, S., Schimmelfennig, F., Skripka, T., & Wetzel, A. (2009). EU promotion of democratic governance in the neighbourhood. Journal of European Public Policy, 16(6), 916-934. Gozdziak, E. M., & Main, I. (2020). European norms and values and the refugee crisis: Issues and challenges. In E. M.Godziak, I. Main, & B. Suter, Europe and the Refugee Response: A crisis of values? Routledge. https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/oa-edit/10.4324/9780429279317/europe-refugee-response-elżbieta-goździak-izabellamain-brigitte-suter. Grabbe, H. (2006). The EU’s transformative power: Europeanization through Conditionality in Central and Eastern Europe. Palgrave Macmillan. Gürkan, S., & Coman, R. (2021). The EU-Turkey deal in the 2015 “refugee crisis”: when intergovernmentalism cast a shadow on the EU’s normative power. Acta Politica, 56, 276-305. İçduygu, A. (2014). Turkey’s migration transition and its implications for the Euro-Turkish transnational space. In S. Aydın-Düzgit, D. Huber, M. Müftüler-Baç, E. F. Keyman, J. Tasci, & N. Tocci (Eds.), Global Turkey in Europe II: Energy, migration, civil society and citizenship issues in Turkey-EU relations (pp. 81-106). Edizioni Nuova Cultura. İçduygu, A., & Aksel, D. (2014). Two-to-tango in migration diplomacy: negotiating readmission agreement between the EU and Turkey. European Journal of Migration and Law, 16, 336-362. Ineli-Ciger, M. (2018). How have the European Union and the EU asylum acquis affected protection of forced migrants in Turkey? An examination in view of the turkish law on foreigners and international protection and the EU-Turkey statement of March 2016. In The New Asylum and Transit Countries in Europe during and in the Aftermath of the 2015/2016 Crisis. Brill \| Nijhoff. https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004368293_006 Janvier, O. (2023). Negotiations in Times of Crisis: the EUTurkey and EU-Pakistan Readmission Agreements and “Reversed Conditionality” ( Department of EU International Relations and Diplomacy Studies, EU Diplomacy Papers 5). Kalaycıoğlu, E. (2012). Kulturkampf in Turkey: the constitutional referendum of 12 September 2010. South European Society and Politics, 17(1), 1-22. 10.1080/13608746.2011.600555. Kale, B. (2005). The Impact of the Europeanization on Domestic Policy Structures: Asylum and Refugee Policies in Turkey’s Accession Process to the European Union (PhD Thesis, Middle East Technical University). Kale, B., Dimitriadi, A., Sanchez-Montijano, E., & Süm, E. (2018.) Asylum Policy and the Future of Turkey-EU Relations: Between Cooperation and Conflict ( FEUTURE Online Paper No. 18). https://feuture.uni-koeln.de/sites/feuture/pdf/FEUTURE_Online_Paper_No_18_final.pdf Kaliber, A. (2013). Contextual and contested: Reassessing europeanization in the case of Turkey. International Relations, 27(1), 52-73. https://doi.org/10.1177/0047117812455352 Kasparek, B. (2016). Routes, Corridors, and Spaces of Exception: Governing Migration and Europe. Near Futures Online. Europe at a Crossroads: Managed Inhospitality. https://nearfuturesonline.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/Kasparek_Final_PDF.pdf Kaya, A. (2020). Migration as a leverage tool in international relations: Turkey as a case study. Uluslararası İlişkiler / International Relations, 17(68), Special Issue: Revisiting Migration in International Relations / Özel Sayı: Uluslararası İlişkilerde Göçü Yeniden Değerlendirmek, 21-39. Kaya, A. (2021). Europeanization and De-Europeanization of Turkish asylum and migration policies. In W. Reiners, & E. Turhan (Eds.), EU-Turkey Relations: Theories, Institutions, and Policies (pp. 347-373). Palgrave Macmillan (E-book). Kirişçi, K. (1996). Is Turkey lifting the geographical limitation the November 1994 regulation on asylum in Turkey. International Journal of Refugee Law, 8(3), 293-318. Kirişçi, K. (2007). The Limits of Conditionality and Europeanization: Turkey’s dilemmas in adopting the EU acquis on asylum. Draft paper prepared for the panel on “Immigration, asylum and supranational governance: Implications of Europeanization” at the EUSA Tenth Biennal International Conference, Montreal (unpublished). Lavenex, S. (2018). ‘Failing Forward’ Towards Which Europe? Organized Hypocrisy in the Common European Asylum System. JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies, 56(5), 1195-1212. Lavenex, S., & Uçarer, E. M. (2004). The external dimension of Europeanization: The case of immigration policies. Cooperation and Conflict, 39(4), 417-443. Manners, I. (2002). Normative power Europe: A contradiction in terms? Journal of Common Market Studies, 40(2), 235-258. MSF.(December, 2015). Obstacle course to Europe: A policy-made humanitarian crisis at EU borders. https://www.msf.org/sites/default/files/msf_obstacle_course_to_europe_0.pdf Müftüler-Baç, M. (2016). Divergent Pathways: Turkey and the European Union: Re-thinking the Dynamics of Turkish-European Union Relations. Verlag Barbara Budrich. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvddzpsk Nas, Ç. (2015). Türkiye-AB İlişkilerinde Geri Kabul ve Vize Serbestliği: Hareketliliğin Yönetimi. Marmara Avrupa Araştırmaları Dergisi, 23(2), 169-186. Official Journal of the European Communities. (2001). L 58, February 28, 2001. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=OJ%3AL%3A2001%3A058%3ATOC. Ott, A. (2020). EU-Turkey cooperation in migration matters: a game changer in a multi-layered relationship? In F. Ippolito, G. Borzoni, & F. Casolari (Eds). Bilateral Relations in the Mediterranean: Prospects for Migration Issues (pp. 184-213). Edward Elgar Publishing. Özbudun, E. (2014). AKP at the crossroads: Erdoğan’s majoritarian drift. South European Society and Politics, 19(2), 155-167. Pierini, M. (March 11, 2016). Made in Berlin: Multiple Moral Bankruptcy on Refugees. Carnegie Europe. https://carnegieeurope.eu/strategiceurope/63 Resmi Gazete. (2001). Karar Sayısı: 2001/21 https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2001/03/20010324M1-1.pdf Resmi Gazete. (2003). Karar Sayısı: 2003/5930. From https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2003/07/20030724m1.htm. Resmi Gazete. (2008). Karar Sayısı: 2008/14481. From https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2008/12/20081231M5-1.htm. Resmi Gazete. (2011). Karar Sayısı: 2011/2306. from https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2011/10/20111024-9.htm. Reuters. (March 3, 2020). EU fumes at Turk migration ‘blackmail’, mulls more money for Ankara. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-syria-security-euturkey-exclusive-idUSKBN20Q2EK Saatçioğlu, B. (2009). How closely does the European Union’s membership conditionality reflect the Copenhagen criteria? Insights from Turkey. Turkish Studies, 10(4), 559-576. Schimmelfennig, F. (2008). EU Political Accession Conditionality after the 2004 Enlargement: Consistency and Effectiveness. Journal of European Public Policy, 15(6), 918-937. Schimmelfennig, F., Engert, S., & Knobel, H. (2003). Costs, commitments, and compliance. The impact of EU democratic conditionality on Latvia, Slovakia, and Turkey. Journal of Common Market Studies, 41(3), 495-517. Schimmelfennig, F., & Sedelmeier, U. (2004). Governance by conditionality: EU rule transfer to the candidate countries of Central and Eastern Europe. Journal of European Public Policy, 11(4), 669-687. Schimmelfennig, F., & Sedelmeier, U. (2005). The Europeanization of Central and Eastern Europe. Cornell University Press. Smith, K. E. (1997). The Use of Political Conditionality in the EU’s Relations with Third Countries: How Effective (EUI Working Papers, SPS No. 97/7). Stone Sweet, A., Sandholtz, W., & Fligstein, N. (2001). The Institutionalization of Europe. In Oxford University Press eBooks. https://doi.org/10.1093/019924796x.001.0001 Şahin-Mencütek, Z. Gökalp-Aras, N. E., Kaya, A., & Rottmann, S. B. (2023). Syrian Refugees in Turkey: Between Reception and Integration. IMISCOE Research Series (e-book), Springer. Tehrani and Others v. Turkey, Applications nos. 32940/08, 41626/08, 43616/08, Council of Europe: European Court of Human Rights, 13 April 2010, Retrieved on October 30, 2023 from: https://www.refworld.org/cases,ECHR,4bc5d2f32.html. Tittel-Mosser, F. (2018). reversed conditionality in EU external migration policy: The case of Morocco. Journal of Contemporary European Research, 14(8). Tokuzlu, L. B. (2007). Migration law in Turkey: Analytic and Synthetic Notes. Euro-Mediterranean Consortium for Applied Research on International Migration. European University Institute. Tocci, N. (Ed.). (2007). Conditionality, impact, and prejudice in EU-Turkey relations. IAI and TEPAV. https://www.iai.it/sites/default/files/quaderni_e_09.pdf. Trauner, F., & Kruse, I. (2008). EU visa facilitation and readmission agreements: A new standard for EU foreign policy tool. European Journal of Migration and Law, 10(4), 411-438. Tsourapas, G. (2017). Migration diplomacy in the global south: Cooperation, coercion & issue-linkage in gaddafi’s Libya. Third World Quarterly, 38(10), 2367-85. Tsourapas, G. (2019). The syrian refugee crisis and foreign policy decision-making in Jordan, Lebanon, and Turkey. Journal of Global Security Studies, 4(4), 464-481. UN. (2023). Türkiye: 3RP Country Chapter – 2023/2025. https://data.unhcr.org/en/documents/details/99580 UNHCR/IOM. (December 22, 2015). A Million refugees and migrants flee to Europe in 2015. https://www.unhcr.org/news/news-releases/million-refugeesand-migrants-flee-europe-2015 Withman, R. G. (2011). Normative Power Europe: Empirical and Theoretical Perspectives. Palgrave Macmillan London. Wolff, S. (2014). Politics of negotiating EU readmission agreements: Insights from Morocco and Turkey. European Journal of Migration and Law, 16(2), 69-95. Yılmaz-Elmas, F. (2020). EU’s Global Actorness in Question. Uluslararası İlişkiler / International Relations, 17(68), Special Issue: Revisiting Migration in International Relations / Özel Sayı: Uluslararası İlişkilerde Göçü Yeniden Değerlendirmek,161-177. Z.N.S. v. Turkey, Application no. 21896/08, Council of Europe: European Court of Human Rights, 19 January 2010. https://www.refworld.org/cases,ECHR,4b56d5cf2.html
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spelling	Dalkıran, Muge2023-12-01T15:28:38Z2024-06-05T20:05:05Z2023-12-01T15:28:38Z2024-06-05T20:05:05Z2023-12-01Este artículo explora la dinámica cambiante de las relaciones entre la UE y Turquía en el contexto de la migración irregular. Históricamente, la Unión Europea ha empleado la condicionalidad como herramienta política para influir en las decisiones políticas de Turquía y en su legislación nacional para alinearla con las normas de la UE. Sin embargo, la búsqueda por parte de la UE de la prevención de la migración irregular y la reconfiguración de su cooperación con Turquía de este modo ha provocado cambios significativos en su relación bilateral. Además, cada vez hay más literatura sobre cómo la cooperación de la UE con terceros países para la “gestión de la migración” ha dado lugar a la instrumentalización de la migración irregular y ha invertido la condicionalidad contra la UE por parte de estos países, incluida Turquía. Basándose en un análisis exhaustivo de documentos políticos y bibliografía académica, este artículo identifica cómo las respuestas de la UE y Turquía a la migración irregular han creado una compleja interacción y han afectado la naturaleza de la cooperación bilateral, lo que plantea interrogantes sobre la continuidad de la condicionalidad de la UE sobre Turquía. Además, explora críticamente el concepto recientemente creado de “condicionalidad invertida”. Este artículo afirma que el concepto de “condicionalidad invertida” es un enfoque reduccionista del mecanismo de condicionalidad de la UE a un cambio en el poder de negociación en las relaciones UE-Turquía.This article explores the evolving dynamics of EU-Turkey relations in the context of irregular migration. The European Union has historically employed conditionality as a political tool to influence Turkey’s policy decisions and national legislation in alignment with EU standards. However, the EU’s quest for the prevention of irregular migration and re-shaping its cooperation with Turkey in this manner has brought significant changes in their bilateral relationship. Moreover, there is a growing body of literature on how the EU’s cooperation with third countries for “migration management” has resulted in the instrumentalization of irregular migration and reversed the conditionality against the EU by these countries, including Turkey. Based on a comprehensive analysis of policy documents and academic literature, this article identifies how the EU’s and Turkey’s responses to the irregular migration have created a complex interplay and affected the nature of bilateral cooperation, which raises questions about the continuity of the EU’s conditionality on Turkey. Further, it critically explores the newly created concept of “reversed conditionality”. This article claims that the concept of “reversed conditionality” is a reductionist approach to EU conditionality mechanism to a shift in bargaining power in EU-Turkey relations.application/pdftext/htmltext/xml10.18601/16577558.n39.082346-21321657-7558https://bdigital.uexternado.edu.co/handle/001/15185https://doi.org/10.18601/16577558.n39.08spaFacultad de Finanzas, Gobierno y Relaciones Internacionaleshttps://revistas.uexternado.edu.co/index.php/oasis/article/download/9096/15873https://revistas.uexternado.edu.co/index.php/oasis/article/download/9096/15874https://revistas.uexternado.edu.co/index.php/oasis/article/download/9096/15875Núm. 39 , Año 2024 : Enero-Junio14339123OasisAbdolkhani and Karimnia v. Turkey, Appl. No. 30471/08, Council of Europe: European Court of Human Rights, 22 September 2009. https://www.refworld.org/cases,ECHR,4ab8a1a42.html.Adar, S., & Seufert, G. (2021). Turkey’s Presidential System after Two and a Half Year: An Overview of Institutions and Politics. 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Turkey, Application no. 21896/08, Council of Europe: European Court of Human Rights, 19 January 2010. https://www.refworld.org/cases,ECHR,4b56d5cf2.htmlMuge Dalkıran - 2023info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0.http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0https://revistas.uexternado.edu.co/index.php/oasis/article/view/9096Turkey’s migration and asylum policy;conditionality;EU-Turkey relations;europeanizationPolítica turca de inmigración y asilo;condicionalidad;relaciones UE-Turquía;europeizaciónNew approaches to conditionality in EU-Turkey relations: Assessing the role of irregular migrationNew approaches to conditionality in EU-Turkey relations: Assessing the role of irregular migrationArtículo de revistahttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85Textinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articleJournal articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionPublicationOREORE.xmltext/xml2600https://bdigital.uexternado.edu.co/bitstreams/cbd7fd7e-d7d0-4886-a2a8-933b3e6ac2a6/download1e472ba16cf986cc1e6ee267b010f4dbMD51001/15185oai:bdigital.uexternado.edu.co:001/151852024-06-05 15:05:05.745http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0Muge Dalkıran - 2023https://bdigital.uexternado.edu.coUniversidad Externado de Colombiametabiblioteca@metabiblioteca.org

New approaches to conditionality in EU-Turkey relations: Assessing the role of irregular migration

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