La distribución global del ingreso. De la caída del muro de Berlín a la gran recesión
Este artículo presenta una base de datos recién compilada y mejorada de encuestas nacionales de hogares entre 1988 y 2008. En 2008, el índice global de Gini es de un 70,5% después de disminuir en cerca de 2 puntos Gini en este periodo. Cuando se ajusta por el probable subregistro de los ingresos sup...
- Autores:
-
Lakner, Christoph
Milanovic, Branko
- Tipo de recurso:
- Article of journal
- Fecha de publicación:
- 2015
- Institución:
- Universidad Externado de Colombia
- Repositorio:
- Biblioteca Digital Universidad Externado de Colombia
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- spa
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- oai:bdigital.uexternado.edu.co:001/12022
- Acceso en línea:
- https://bdigital.uexternado.edu.co/handle/001/12022
https://doi.org/10.18601/01245996.v17n32.03
- Palabra clave:
- distribución del ingreso
globalización
ingresos superiores
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- openAccess
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La distribución global del ingreso. De la caída del muro de Berlín a la gran recesión |
| dc.title.translated.eng.fl_str_mv |
Global Income Distribution From the Fall of the Berlin Wall to the Great Recession |
| title |
La distribución global del ingreso. De la caída del muro de Berlín a la gran recesión |
| spellingShingle |
La distribución global del ingreso. De la caída del muro de Berlín a la gran recesión distribución del ingreso globalización ingresos superiores |
| title_short |
La distribución global del ingreso. De la caída del muro de Berlín a la gran recesión |
| title_full |
La distribución global del ingreso. De la caída del muro de Berlín a la gran recesión |
| title_fullStr |
La distribución global del ingreso. De la caída del muro de Berlín a la gran recesión |
| title_full_unstemmed |
La distribución global del ingreso. De la caída del muro de Berlín a la gran recesión |
| title_sort |
La distribución global del ingreso. De la caída del muro de Berlín a la gran recesión |
| dc.creator.fl_str_mv |
Lakner, Christoph Milanovic, Branko |
| dc.contributor.author.spa.fl_str_mv |
Lakner, Christoph Milanovic, Branko |
| dc.subject.spa.fl_str_mv |
distribución del ingreso globalización ingresos superiores |
| topic |
distribución del ingreso globalización ingresos superiores |
| description |
Este artículo presenta una base de datos recién compilada y mejorada de encuestas nacionales de hogares entre 1988 y 2008. En 2008, el índice global de Gini es de un 70,5% después de disminuir en cerca de 2 puntos Gini en este periodo. Cuando se ajusta por el probable subregistro de los ingresos superiores de las encuestas usando la brecha entre el consumo de cuentas nacionales y el promedio de las encuestas junto con una imputación tipo Pareto de la cola superior, resulta un Gini global mucho más alto de casi un 76%. Con tal ajuste la tendencia decreciente del Gini casi desaparece. El seguimiento de la evolución de los deciles-país individuales muestra los elementos subyacentes que impulsan los cambios en la distribución global: China salió de los rangos más bajos, en el proceso se modificó la forma total de la distribución global del ingreso y se creó una importante clase “mediana” global que transformó la distribución de dos picos de 1988 en una de un pico. Los “ganadores” fueron los deciles-país que en 1988 estaba alrededor de la mediana de la distribución global, el 90% de los cuales, en términos de población, son de Asia. Los “perdedores” fueron los deciles-país que en 1988 estaban alrededor del percentil 85 de la distribución global, casi el 90% de los cuales, en términos de población, son de economías maduras. |
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128 |
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Abdelkrim, A. y J.-Y. Duclos. "DASP: Distributive analysis Stata Package", Quebec, PEP, World Bank, UNDP y Universidad de Laval, 2007. Ackland, R.; S. Dowrick y B. Freyens. "Measuring global poverty: Why PPP methods matter", Review of Economics and Statistics 95, 3, 2013, pp. 813-824. Alessandria, G. y J. P. Kaboski. "Pricing-to-market and the failure of absolute PPP", American Economic Journal: Macroeconomics 3, 1, 2011, pp. 91-127. Alvaredo, F. 2010, "The rich in Argentina over the Twentieth Century, 1932-2004", A. B. Atkinson y T. Piketty, eds., Top incomes: A global perspective, Oxford, N. Y., University Press, pp. 253-298. Alvaredo, F.; A. B. Atkinson, T. Piketty y E. Saez. "The World Top Incomes Database", 2013, [http://topincomes.g-mond.parisschoolofeconomics.eu/], acceso del 24/01/2013. Anand, S., P. Segal y J. E. Stiglitz. "Introduction", S. Anand, P. Segaly J. E. Stiglitz, eds., Debates on the measurement of global poverty, N. Y., Oxford University Press, 2010. Anand, S. y P. Segal. "What do we know about global income inequality?", Journal of Economic Literature 46, 1, 2008, pp. 57-94. Armour, P.; R. V. Burkhauser y J. Larrimore. "Deconstructing income and income inequality measures. A crosswalk from market income to comprehensive income", American Economic Review, Papers and Proceedings 103, 3, 2013, pp. 173-177. Atkinson, A. B. "On the measurement of inequality", Journal of Economic Theory 2, 3, 1970, 244-263. Atkinson, A. B. The economics of inequality, Londres, Clarendon Press, 1975. Atkinson, A. B. "Measuring top incomes. Methodological issues", A.B. Atkinson y T. Piketty, eds., Top incomes over the Twentieth Century. A contrast between Continental European and English-speaking countries, Oxford, N. Y., Oxford University Press, 2007. Atkinson, A. B. y A. Brandolini. "On analyzing the world distribution of income", The World Bank Economic Review 24, 1, 2010, pp. 1-37. Atkinson, A. B. y T. Piketty. Top incomes over the Twentieth Century. A contrast between continental European and English-speaking countries, Oxford, N. Y., Oxford University Press, 2007. Atkinson, A. B. y T. Piketty. Top incomes. A global perspective, Oxford, N. Y., Oxford University Press, 2010. Atkinson, A. B.; L. Rainwater y T. M. Smeeding. Income distribution in OECD countries: Evidence from the Luxembourg Income Study, París, OECD Social Policy Studies, 1995. Banerjee, A. y T. Piketty. "Top Indian incomes, 1922-2000", A. B. Atkinson y T. Piketty, eds., Top incomes. A global perspective, Oxford, N. Y., Oxford University Press, 2010. Bardasi, E.; S. Jenkins, H. Sutherland, H. Levy y F. Zantomio. "British household panel survey derived current and annual net house hold income variables", Waves 1-18, 1991-2009, 2012. Barro, R.J. y X. Salai Martin. "Convergence", Journal of Political Economy 100, 2, 1992, pp. 223-251. Bhagwati, J. In defense of globalization, Nueva York, Oxford University Press, 2004. Bourguignon, F. 1979, "Decomposable income inequality measures", Econometrica 47, 4, pp. 901-920. Bourguignon, F. "Non-anonymous growth incidence curves, incomemobility and social welfare dominance", Journal of Economic Inequality 9, 4, 2011a, pp. 605-627. Bourguignon, F. "A turning point in global inequality... and beyond", presentación en la Conferencia ABCDE, Washington, 2011b. Bourguignon, F. La mondialisation de l'inégalité, París, Seuil y La République des Idées, 2012. Bourguignon, F. y C. Morrisson. "Inequality among world citizens.1820-1992", The American Economic Review 92, 4, 2002, pp. 727-744. Burkhauser, R. V.; S. Feng et al. "Recent trends in top income shares in the United States. Reconciling estimates from March CPS and IRS tax return data", Review of Economics and Statistics 94, 2, 2012, pp. 371-388. Carr-H., R. "Missing millions and measuring development progress", World Development 46, 0, 2013, pp. 30-44. CBO. "The distribution of household income and federal taxes, 2008 and 2009", Washington, Congressional Budget Office Report 4441, 2012. Chen, S. y M. Ravallion. "How have the world's poorest fared since the early 1980s?", The World Bank Research Observer 19, 2, 2004, pp. 141-169. Chen, S. y M. Ravallion. "China is poorer than we thought, but no less successful in the fight against poverty", S. Anand, P. Segal y J. Stiglitz, eds., Debates on the measurement of global poverty, Oxford, N. Y., Oxford University Press, 2010a. Chen, S. y M. Ravallion. "The developing world is poorer than we thought, but no less successful in the fight against poverty", Quarterly Journal of Economics 125, 4, 2010b, pp. 1577-1625. Cowell, F.A. Measuring inequality, Oxford, N. Y., Oxford University Press, 2009. Cowell, F.A. y E. Flachaire. "Income distribution and inequality measurement. The problem of extreme values", Journal of Econometrics 141, 2, 2007, pp. 1044-1072. Deaton, A. "Counting the world's poor. Problems and possible solutions", The World Bank Research Observer 16, 2, 2001, pp. 125-147. Deaton, A. "Measuring poverty in a growing world (or measuring growth in a poor world)", Review of Economics and Statistics 87, 1, 2005, pp. 1-19. Deaton, A. y O. Dupriez. "Purchasing power parity exchange ratesfor the global poor", American Economic Journal. Applied Economics 3, 2, 2011, pp. 137-166. Deaton, A. y A. Heston. "Understanding PPPs and PPP-based National Accounts", American Economic Journal. Macroeconomics 2, 4, 2010, pp. 1-35. Deininger, K. y L. Squire. "A new data set measuring income inequality", World Bank Economic Review 10, 3, 1996, pp. 565-591. Dynan, K.E.; J. Skinner y S.P. Zeldes. "Do the rich save more?", Journal of Political Economy 112, 2, 2004, pp. 397-444. Eltetö, D. y P. Koves. "On a problem of index number computation relating to international comparison", Statisztikai Szemle 42, 1964, pp. 507-518. Fisher, J.D.; D.S. Johnson y T.M. Smeeding. "Measuring the trends in inequality of individuals and families. Income and consumption", American Economic Review. Papers and Proceedings 103, 3, 2013, pp. 184-188. Frankel, D.M. y E.D. Gould. "The retail price of inequality", Journal of Urban Economics 49, 2, 2001, pp. 219-239. Gerschenkron, A. "The Soviet indices of industrial production", Review of Economics and Statistics 29, 4, 1947, pp. 217-226. Goldberg, P.K. y N. Pavcnik. "Distributional effects of globalization in developing countries", Journal of Economic Literature 45, 1, 2007, pp. 39-82. Grimm, M. "Removing the anonymity axiom in assessing pro-poor growth", Journal of Economic Inequality 5, 2, 2007, pp. 179-197. Groves, R.M. y M. Couper. Nonresponse in household interview surveys, Nueva York, Wiley, 1998. Haskel, J.; R.Z. Lawrence, E.E. Leamer y M.J. Slaughter. "Globalization and U.S. wages. Modifying classic theory to explain recent facts", Journal of Economic Perspectives 26, 2, 2012, pp. 119-140. Hlasny, V. y P. Verme. "Top incomes and the measurement of inequality in Egypt", World Bank Policy Research working paper 6557, 2013. Khamis, S.H. "A new system of index numbers for national and international purposes", Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series A (General) 135, 1, 1972, pp. 96-121. Kopczuk, W.; J. Slemrod y S. Yitzhaki. "The limitations of decentralized world redistribution. An optimal taxation approach", European Economic Review 49, 4, 2005, pp. 1051-1079. Korinek, A.; J.A. Mistiaen y M. Ravallion. "Survey non response and the distribution of income", Journal of Economic Inequality 4, 1, 2006, pp. 33-55. Krueger, D. y F. Perri. "Does income inequality lead to consumption inequality? Evidence and theory", Review of Economic Studies 73, 1, 2006, pp. 163-193. Leigh, A. y P. van der Eng. "Inequality in Indonesia. What can we learn from top incomes?", Journal of Public Economics 93, 2009, pp. 209-212. Li, H.; L. Squire y H.-f. Zou. "Explaining international and intertemporal variations in income inequality", Economic Journal 108, 446, 1998, pp. 26-43. Milanovic, B. "True world income distribution, 1988 and 1993. First calculation based on household surveys alone", Economic Journal 112,476, 2002, pp. 51-92. Milanovic, B. Worlds apart. Measuring international and global inequality, Princeton, N. J., Princeton University Press, 2005. Milanovic, B. "Global inequality recalculated and updated: The effect of new PPP estimates on global inequality and 2005 estimates", Journal of Economic Inequality 10, 2012, pp. 1-18. Minoiu, C. y S. Reddy. "Kernel density estimation on grouped data: The case of poverty assessment", Journal of Economic Inequality, 2012, pp. 1-27. Mistiaen, J.A. y M. Ravallion. "Survey compliance and the distribution of income", World Bank Policy Research working paper, 2003. Morival, E. "Top incomes and racial inequality in South Africa. Evidence from tax statistics and household surveys 1993-2008", tesis de maestría, Paris School of Economics, 2011. Nuxoll, D.A. "Differences in relative prices and international differences in growth rates", American Economic Review 84, 5, 1994, pp. 1423-1436. Pinkovskiy, M.L. "World welfare is rising. Estimation using nonparametric bounds on welfare measures", Journal of Public Economics 97, 0, 2013, pp. 176-195. Pogge, T.W. World poverty and human rights. Cosmopolitan responsibilities and reforms, Cambridge, Polity Press, 2002. Rao, V. "Price heterogeneity and 'real' inequality. A case study of prices and poverty in rural South India", Review of Income and Wealth 46, 2, 2000, pp. 201-211. Ravallion, M. "A global perspective on poverty in India", Economic and Political Weekly 43, 43, 2008, pp. 31, 33-37. Ravallion, M. "Understanding PPPs and PPP-based National Accounts. Comment", American Economic Journal. Macroeconomics 2, 4, 2010, pp. 46-52. Ravallion, M. y S. Chen. "Measuring pro-poor growth", Economics Letters 78, 1, 2003, pp. 93-99. Reddy, S.G. y T. Pogge. "How not to count the poor", S. Anand, P. Segal y J. E. Stiglitz, eds., Debates on the measurement of global poverty, Oxford, N. Y., Oxford University Press, 2010. Sala-i-Martin, X. "The world distribution of income. Falling poverty and... convergence, period", Quarterly Journal of Economics 121, 2, 2006, pp. 351-397. Segal, P. 2011, "Resource rents, redistribution, and halving global poverty. The resource dividend", World Development 39, pp. 475-489. Shorrocks, A. y G. Wan. "Ungrouping income distributions", working paper UNUWIDER, 2008. Singer, P. One world. The ethics of globalization, New Haven, Yale University Press, 2002. Szekely, M. y M. Hilgert. "What's behind the inequality we measure: An investigation using Latin American data", Research Department working paper Inter-American Development Bank, 1999. Szulc, B. "Indices for multiregional comparisons", Przeglad Statystyczny 3, 1964, pp. 239-254. Van Kerm, P. "Income mobility profiles", Economics Letters 102, 2, 2009, pp. 93-95. |
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Lakner, Christoph2dc99a1a-ea77-4e6e-8a6b-cabc589806a5300Milanovic, Branko5ce31281-a891-491a-a887-78fd0b9c67e93002015-07-01 00:00:002022-09-09T21:14:39Z2015-07-01 00:00:002022-09-09T21:14:39Z2015-07-01Este artículo presenta una base de datos recién compilada y mejorada de encuestas nacionales de hogares entre 1988 y 2008. En 2008, el índice global de Gini es de un 70,5% después de disminuir en cerca de 2 puntos Gini en este periodo. Cuando se ajusta por el probable subregistro de los ingresos superiores de las encuestas usando la brecha entre el consumo de cuentas nacionales y el promedio de las encuestas junto con una imputación tipo Pareto de la cola superior, resulta un Gini global mucho más alto de casi un 76%. Con tal ajuste la tendencia decreciente del Gini casi desaparece. El seguimiento de la evolución de los deciles-país individuales muestra los elementos subyacentes que impulsan los cambios en la distribución global: China salió de los rangos más bajos, en el proceso se modificó la forma total de la distribución global del ingreso y se creó una importante clase “mediana” global que transformó la distribución de dos picos de 1988 en una de un pico. Los “ganadores” fueron los deciles-país que en 1988 estaba alrededor de la mediana de la distribución global, el 90% de los cuales, en términos de población, son de Asia. Los “perdedores” fueron los deciles-país que en 1988 estaban alrededor del percentil 85 de la distribución global, casi el 90% de los cuales, en términos de población, son de economías maduras.The paper presents a newly compiled and improved database of national household surveys between 1988 and 2008. In 2008, the global Gini index is at 70.5 percent having declined by approximately 2 Gini points over this twenty year period. When it is adjusted for the likely under-reporting of higher? incomes in surveys by using the gap between national accounts consumption and survey means in combination with a Pareto-type imputation of the upper tail, the estimate is a much higher global Gini of almost 76 percent. With such an adjustment the downward trend in the Gini almost disappears. Tracking the evolution of individual country- deciles shows the underlying elements that drive the changes in the global distribution: China left the bottom ranks, modifying the overall shape of the global income distribution in the process and creating an important global “median” class that transformed a twin-peaked 1988 global distribution into a single-peaked one. The “winners” were country-deciles which in 1988 stood at the median of the global income distribution, 90 percent of which are from Asia in terms of population. The “losers” were the country-deciles in 1988 were around the 85th percentile of the global income distribution, almost 90 percent of which are from mature economies in terms of population.application/pdftext/html10.18601/01245996.v17n32.032346-24500124-5996https://bdigital.uexternado.edu.co/handle/001/12022https://doi.org/10.18601/01245996.v17n32.03spaUniversidad Externado de Colombiahttps://revistas.uexternado.edu.co/index.php/ecoins/article/download/4074/4443https://revistas.uexternado.edu.co/index.php/ecoins/article/download/4074/4784Núm. 32 , Año 2015 : Enero-Junio128327117Revista de Economía InstitucionalAbdelkrim, A. y J.-Y. Duclos. "DASP: Distributive analysis Stata Package", Quebec, PEP, World Bank, UNDP y Universidad de Laval, 2007.Ackland, R.; S. Dowrick y B. Freyens. "Measuring global poverty: Why PPP methods matter", Review of Economics and Statistics 95, 3, 2013, pp. 813-824.Alessandria, G. y J. P. Kaboski. "Pricing-to-market and the failure of absolute PPP", American Economic Journal: Macroeconomics 3, 1, 2011, pp. 91-127.Alvaredo, F. 2010, "The rich in Argentina over the Twentieth Century, 1932-2004", A. B. Atkinson y T. Piketty, eds., Top incomes: A global perspective, Oxford, N. Y., University Press, pp. 253-298.Alvaredo, F.; A. B. Atkinson, T. Piketty y E. Saez. "The World Top Incomes Database", 2013, [http://topincomes.g-mond.parisschoolofeconomics.eu/], acceso del 24/01/2013.Anand, S., P. Segal y J. E. Stiglitz. "Introduction", S. Anand, P. Segaly J. E. Stiglitz, eds., Debates on the measurement of global poverty, N. Y., Oxford University Press, 2010.Anand, S. y P. Segal. "What do we know about global income inequality?", Journal of Economic Literature 46, 1, 2008, pp. 57-94.Armour, P.; R. V. Burkhauser y J. Larrimore. "Deconstructing income and income inequality measures. A crosswalk from market income to comprehensive income", American Economic Review, Papers and Proceedings 103, 3, 2013, pp. 173-177.Atkinson, A. B. "On the measurement of inequality", Journal of Economic Theory 2, 3, 1970, 244-263.Atkinson, A. B. The economics of inequality, Londres, Clarendon Press, 1975.Atkinson, A. B. "Measuring top incomes. Methodological issues", A.B. Atkinson y T. Piketty, eds., Top incomes over the Twentieth Century. A contrast between Continental European and English-speaking countries, Oxford, N. Y., Oxford University Press, 2007.Atkinson, A. B. y A. Brandolini. "On analyzing the world distribution of income", The World Bank Economic Review 24, 1, 2010, pp. 1-37.Atkinson, A. B. y T. Piketty. Top incomes over the Twentieth Century. A contrast between continental European and English-speaking countries, Oxford, N. Y., Oxford University Press, 2007.Atkinson, A. B. y T. Piketty. Top incomes. A global perspective, Oxford, N. Y., Oxford University Press, 2010.Atkinson, A. B.; L. Rainwater y T. M. Smeeding. Income distribution in OECD countries: Evidence from the Luxembourg Income Study, París, OECD Social Policy Studies, 1995.Banerjee, A. y T. Piketty. "Top Indian incomes, 1922-2000", A. B. Atkinson y T. Piketty, eds., Top incomes. A global perspective, Oxford, N. Y., Oxford University Press, 2010.Bardasi, E.; S. Jenkins, H. Sutherland, H. Levy y F. Zantomio. "British household panel survey derived current and annual net house hold income variables", Waves 1-18, 1991-2009, 2012.Barro, R.J. y X. Salai Martin. "Convergence", Journal of Political Economy 100, 2, 1992, pp. 223-251.Bhagwati, J. In defense of globalization, Nueva York, Oxford University Press, 2004.Bourguignon, F. 1979, "Decomposable income inequality measures", Econometrica 47, 4, pp. 901-920.Bourguignon, F. "Non-anonymous growth incidence curves, incomemobility and social welfare dominance", Journal of Economic Inequality 9, 4, 2011a, pp. 605-627.Bourguignon, F. "A turning point in global inequality... and beyond", presentación en la Conferencia ABCDE, Washington, 2011b.Bourguignon, F. La mondialisation de l'inégalité, París, Seuil y La République des Idées, 2012.Bourguignon, F. y C. Morrisson. "Inequality among world citizens.1820-1992", The American Economic Review 92, 4, 2002, pp. 727-744.Burkhauser, R. V.; S. Feng et al. "Recent trends in top income shares in the United States. Reconciling estimates from March CPS and IRS tax return data", Review of Economics and Statistics 94, 2, 2012, pp. 371-388.Carr-H., R. "Missing millions and measuring development progress", World Development 46, 0, 2013, pp. 30-44.CBO. "The distribution of household income and federal taxes, 2008 and 2009", Washington, Congressional Budget Office Report 4441, 2012.Chen, S. y M. Ravallion. 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"Income mobility profiles", Economics Letters 102, 2, 2009, pp. 93-95.info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/https://revistas.uexternado.edu.co/index.php/ecoins/article/view/4074distribución del ingresoglobalizacióningresos superioresLa distribución global del ingreso. De la caída del muro de Berlín a la gran recesiónGlobal Income Distribution From the Fall of the Berlin Wall to the Great RecessionArtículo de revistahttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85Textinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articleJournal articlehttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/ARTREFinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionPublicationOREORE.xmltext/xml2604https://bdigital.uexternado.edu.co/bitstreams/82440b18-16d6-4095-a5ed-60c5e3a5a0f3/downloadb11b5f52de98e5b86867ca098e7d9a1cMD51001/12022oai:bdigital.uexternado.edu.co:001/120222023-08-14 15:07:03.217https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/https://bdigital.uexternado.edu.coUniversidad Externado de Colombiametabiblioteca@metabiblioteca.org |