Constitutional Dismemberment in Latin America
Some constitutional changes are constitutional amendments in name alone. These unusual constitutional changes dismantle the basic structure of the constitution while at the same time building a new foundation rooted in principles contrary to the old. They are self-conscious efforts to repudiate the...
- Autores:
-
Albert, Richard
Zaiden Benvindo, Juliano
Jiménez Ramírez, Milton César
Villalonga, Cristian
- Tipo de recurso:
- Article of journal
- Fecha de publicación:
- 2022
- Institución:
- Universidad Externado de Colombia
- Repositorio:
- Biblioteca Digital Universidad Externado de Colombia
- Idioma:
- spa
- OAI Identifier:
- oai:bdigital.uexternado.edu.co:001/11463
- Acceso en línea:
- https://bdigital.uexternado.edu.co/handle/001/11463
https://doi.org/10.18601/01229893.n52.04
- Palabra clave:
- Reforma constitucional,
desmembramiento constitucional,
procedimientos de reforma constitucional,
cambio constitucional en Latinoamérica,
Constitución de Brasil,
Constitución de Chile,
Constitución de Colombia
Constitutional amendment,
constitutional dismemberment,
constitutional amendment procedures,
Latin American constitutional change,
Brazilian Constitution,
Chilean Constitution,
Colombian Constitution
- Rights
- openAccess
- License
- http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
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dc.title.spa.fl_str_mv |
Constitutional Dismemberment in Latin America |
dc.title.translated.eng.fl_str_mv |
Constitutional Dismemberment in Latin America |
title |
Constitutional Dismemberment in Latin America |
spellingShingle |
Constitutional Dismemberment in Latin America Reforma constitucional, desmembramiento constitucional, procedimientos de reforma constitucional, cambio constitucional en Latinoamérica, Constitución de Brasil, Constitución de Chile, Constitución de Colombia Constitutional amendment, constitutional dismemberment, constitutional amendment procedures, Latin American constitutional change, Brazilian Constitution, Chilean Constitution, Colombian Constitution |
title_short |
Constitutional Dismemberment in Latin America |
title_full |
Constitutional Dismemberment in Latin America |
title_fullStr |
Constitutional Dismemberment in Latin America |
title_full_unstemmed |
Constitutional Dismemberment in Latin America |
title_sort |
Constitutional Dismemberment in Latin America |
dc.creator.fl_str_mv |
Albert, Richard Zaiden Benvindo, Juliano Jiménez Ramírez, Milton César Villalonga, Cristian |
dc.contributor.author.spa.fl_str_mv |
Albert, Richard Zaiden Benvindo, Juliano Jiménez Ramírez, Milton César Villalonga, Cristian |
dc.subject.eng.fl_str_mv |
Reforma constitucional, desmembramiento constitucional, procedimientos de reforma constitucional, cambio constitucional en Latinoamérica, Constitución de Brasil, Constitución de Chile, Constitución de Colombia |
topic |
Reforma constitucional, desmembramiento constitucional, procedimientos de reforma constitucional, cambio constitucional en Latinoamérica, Constitución de Brasil, Constitución de Chile, Constitución de Colombia Constitutional amendment, constitutional dismemberment, constitutional amendment procedures, Latin American constitutional change, Brazilian Constitution, Chilean Constitution, Colombian Constitution |
dc.subject.spa.fl_str_mv |
Constitutional amendment, constitutional dismemberment, constitutional amendment procedures, Latin American constitutional change, Brazilian Constitution, Chilean Constitution, Colombian Constitution |
description |
Some constitutional changes are constitutional amendments in name alone. These unusual constitutional changes dismantle the basic structure of the constitution while at the same time building a new foundation rooted in principles contrary to the old. They are self-conscious efforts to repudiate the essential characteristics of the constitution and to destroy its foundations. We should not understand changes on this scale as mere amendments. They are better understood as constitutional dismemberments. These constitutional changes disassemble one or more of the constitution’s elemental parts by altering a fundamental right, a load-bearing structural design, or a core aspect of the identity of the constitution. In this article, we draw from three jurisdictions in Latin America—Brazil, Chile, and Colombia—to illustrate this phenomenon, to expose its variations, and to suggest that it entails serious implications. |
publishDate |
2022 |
dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv |
2022-04-28 10:28:55 2022-09-09T21:07:50Z |
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2022-04-28 10:28:55 2022-09-09T21:07:50Z |
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2022-04-28 |
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Artículo de revista |
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2346-2051 |
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0122-9893 |
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https://revistas.uexternado.edu.co/index.php/derest/article/download/7798/11683 https://revistas.uexternado.edu.co/index.php/derest/article/download/7798/11684 |
dc.relation.citationedition.spa.fl_str_mv |
Núm. 52 , Año 2022 : Mayo - Agosto |
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133 |
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Revista Derecho del Estado |
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Albert, R. Constitutional Amendments: Making, Breaking, and Changing Constitutions. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2019. Albert, R. Constitutional Amendment and Dismemberment. In The Yale Journal of International Law. 43, 2018. Andrade, C. La Reforma a la Constitución Política de la República de Chile de 1980. Santiago: Jurídica, 2002. Albert, R. Formas y función de la enmienda constitucional. Bogotá: Universidad Externado de Colombia, 2017. Arase, D. Japan, the Active State? Security Policy after 9/11. In Asian Survey. Vol. 47, 2007. Atria, F. La Constitución tramposa. Santiago: lom, 2013. Arcoverde, L. Orçamento do governo federal prevê cortes para educação básica em 2020. G1, Sep. 13, 2019. Available at: https://g1.globo.com/educacao/noticia/2019/09/13/orcamento-do-governo-federal-preve-cortes-para-educacao-basica-em-2020.ghtml [accessed: October 24, 2020]. Balkin, J.M. and Levinson, S. Understanding the Constitutional Revolution. In Virginia Law Review. Vol. 87, 2001. Barbosa, L. História constitucional brasileira: mudança constitucional, autoritarismo e democracia no Brasil pós-1964. Brasília: Biblioteca Digital da Câmara dos Deputados, 2012. Benvindo, J.Z. The Forgotten People in Brazilian Constitutionalism: Revisiting Behavior Strategic Analyses of Regime Transitions. In International Journal of Constitutional Law. Vol. 15, 2017. Benvindo, J.Z. Brazil in the Context of the Debate over Unamendability in Latin America. In Albert, R., and Oder, B. (eds.), An Unamendable Constitution? Heidelberg: Springer, 2018. Benvindo, J.Z. Constitutional Moments and Constitutional Thresholds in Brazil: Mass Protests and the “Performative Meaning” of Constitutionalism. In Albert, R., Bernal, C., and Benvindo, J.Z. (eds.), Constitutional Change and Transformation in Latin America. Oxford: Hart, 2019. Benvindo, J.Z. The Brazilian Constitutional Amendment Rate: A Culture of Change? In International Journal of Constitutional Law Blog. August 10, 2016. Available at: http://www.iconnectblog.com/2016/08/the-brazilian-constitutional-amendment-ratea-culture-of-change/ [accessed: February 21, 2020]. Bernal, C. Unconstitutional Constitutional Amendments in the Case Study of Colombia: An Analysis of the Justification and Meaning of the Constitutional Replacement Doctrine. In International Journal of Constitutional Law. Vol. 11, Issue 2, 2013, 339-357. Bernal, C., Barbosa, G., and Ciro, A. Justicia Transicional: retos teóricos. Vol. 1. Bogotá: Universidad Externado de Colombia, 2016. Bunker, K. La elección de 2017 y el fraccionamiento del sistema de partidos en Chile. In Revista Chilena de Derecho y Ciencia Política. 9, 2, 2018. Cajas, M. La historia de la Corte Suprema de Justicia de Colombia, 1886-1991. Tomo II. Bogotá: Universidad de los Andes and icesi, 2015. Câmara dos Deputados. November 11, 2019. Available at: https://www.camara.leg.br/noticias/609406-bolsonaro-entrega-pacote-de-medidas-economicas-ao-congresso [accessed: February 21, 2020]. CEA, J.L. Introducción. In Zúñiga, F. (ed.), Reforma constitucional. Santiago: LexisNexis, 2005. Conselho Nacional de Saúde. August 16, 2019. Available at: http://www.conselho.saude.gov.br/ultimas-noticias-cns/770-cortes-nos-recursos-do-sus-preocupam-especialistase-parlamentares [accessed: October 24, 2020]. Cooley, T. The Power to Amend the Federal Constitution. In Michigan Law Journal. Vol. 2, 1893. Cristaldo, H. Presidente da Câmara diz que é contra nova assembleia constituinte. Agência Brasil, November 19, 2019. Available at: http://agenciabrasil.ebc.com.br/politica/noticia/2019-11/presidente-da-camara-diz-que-e-contra-nova-assembleia-constituinte [accessed: October 24, 2020]. Cumplido, F. Reforma constitucional y régimen político. In Zúñiga, F. (ed.), Reforma constitucional. Santiago: LexisNexis, 2005. Díaz de Valdés, J.M. La Reforma Constitucional del año 2005: contexto, impacto y tópicos pendientes. In Actualidad Jurídica 20, 2009. Elkins, Z., Ginsburg, T., and Melton, J. The Endurance of National Constitutions. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009. Fernández, M.A. Fortalezas y debilidades de la Constitución actual. In García, J.F. (ed.), ¿Nueva Constitución o reforma? Santiago: Thomson Reuters. 2014. Foner, E. Blacks and the Constitution 1789-1989. In New Left Review. Vol. 183, 1990. Fuentes, C. A Matter of Few: Dynamics of Constitutional Change in Chile 1990-2010. In Texas Law Review 89, 2011. Fuentes, C. El Pacto. Poder, Constitución y prácticas políticas en Chile (1990-2010). Santiago: Universidad Diego Portales, 2012. Fuentes, C. Shifting the Status Quo. Constitutional Reforms in Chile. In Latin American Politics and Society. 57, 1, 2015. García, J.F. (ed.). ¿Nueva Constitución o reforma? Santiago: Thomson Reuters, 2014. Ginsburg, T. ¿Fruto de la parra envenenada? Algunas observaciones comparadas sobre la Constitución chilena. In Estudios Públicos. 133, 2014. Ginsburg, T., and Melton, J. Does the Constitutional Amendment Rule Matter at All? Amendment Cultures and the Challenges of Measuring Amendment Difficulty. In International Journal of Constitutional Law. Vol. 13, 2015. Gómez, A. La reforma del plebiscito, 1957. Bogotá: El Tiempo, 1991. Greene, J. Originalism’s Race Problem. In Denver University Law Review. Vol. 88, 2011. Hahm, C., and Kim, S.H. To Make “We the People”: Constitutional Founding in Postwar Japan and South Korea. In International Journal of Constitutional Law. Vol. 8, 2010. Heiss, C., and Navia, P. You Win Some, You Lose Some: Constitutional Reforms in Chile’s Transition to Democracy. In Latin American Politics and Society. 49, 3, 2007. Heiss, C. Legitimacy Crisis and the Constitutional Problem in Chile: A Legacy of Authoritarianism. In Constellations. 24, 3, 2017. Hube, C. Hacia un presidencialismo moderado. In García, J.F. (ed.), ¿Nueva Constitución o reforma? Santiago: Thomson Reuters, 2014. Ilhéu, T. Governo prevê mais cortes para o mec em 2020. In Guia do Estudante. September 2, 2019. Available at: https://guiadoestudante.abril.com.br/universidades/governo-prevemais-cortes-para-o-mec-em-2020/ [accessed: October 24, 2020]. Joignant, A., and Fuentes, C. (ed.). La solución constitucional. Santiago: Catalonia. 2015. Lagos, R. Una Constitución para el Chile del Bicentenario. In Zúñiga, F. (ed.), Reforma constitucional. Santiago: LexisNexis, 2005. Levinson, S. Responding to Imperfection: The Theory and Practice of Constitutional Amendment. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1995. Marshall, T. The Constitution’s Bicentennial: Commemorating the Wrong Document? In Vanderbilt Law Review. Vol. 40, 1987. Melo, J.O. Historia mínima de Colombia. Madrid: Turner, 2017. Mazzone, J. Unamendments. In Iowa Law Review. Vol. 90, 2005. Mendonça, H., and Oliveira, R. Os inaposentáveis: O limbo da Previdência brasileira. In El País. May 10, 2019. Available at: https://brasil.elpais.com/brasil/2019/05/09/politica/1557424323_548185.html [accessed: October 24, 2020]. Mcgarvie, M. Law and Religion in American History: Public Values and Private Conscience. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2016. Navia, P. ¿Si puedes repararla, para que reemplazarla? Democratizar la Constitución de Pinochet en Chile. In Política y Gobierno. xxv, 2, 2018. Nieman, D. From Slaves to Citizens: African Americans, Rights Consciousness, and Reconstruction. In Cardozo Law Review. Vol. 17, 1996. Nogueira, H. (ed.). La Constitución reformada de 2005. Santiago: Librotecnia, 2005. Nogueira, H. La evolución político-constitucional de Chile. 1976-2005. In Estudios Constitucionales. 2, 2008. Ogawa, A. Peace, a Contested Identity: Japan’s Constitutional Revision and Grassroots Peace Movements. In Peace & Change. Vol. 36, 2011. Pardow, D., and Verdugo, S. El Tribunal Constitucional chileno y la reforma de 2005: un enroque entre jueces de carrera y académicos. In Revista de Derecho (Valdivia). 28, 1, 2015. Pfeffer, E. Reformas constitucionales 2005. Antecedentes, debates, informes. Santiago: Jurídica de Chile, 2005. Port, K. Article 9 of the Japanese Constitution and the Rule of Law. In Cardozo Journal of International and Comparative Law. Vol. 13, 2004. Rawls, J. Political Liberalism. New York City: Columbia University Press, 1993. Resende, T., and Pupo, F. Bolsonaro corta Orçamento de Programas Sociais em 2020. In Folha de Sao Paulo. September 3, 2019. Available at: https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/mercado/2019/09/bolsonaro-corta-orcamento-de-programas-sociais-em-2020.shtml [accessed: February 21, 2020]. Schmitt, C. Constitutional Theory. Durham: Duke University Press, 2008. Schmitt, C. Teoría de la Constitución. Madrid: Alianza, 1983. Scherer, S., and Jones, G. Renzi to Resign after Referendum Rout, Leaving Italy in Limbo. In Reuters. 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Lessons from the Chilean Experiment and the Failure of Bachelet’s Project. In International Journal of Constitutional Law Blog. March 13rd 2018. Available at: http://www.iconnectblog.com/2018/03/the-rise-and-fall-of-a-constitutional-moment-lessons-from-the-chileanexperiment-and-the-failure-of-bachelets-project/ Villalonga, C., and Urbina, F.J. The Veto Player’s Repertoire. A Longitudinal Multilayered Analysis of the Chilean Constitutional Court’s Reasoning in Landmark Cases (1981-2019). Unpublished manuscript. Vile, J. Encyclopedia of Constitutional Amendments, Proposed Amendments, and Amending Issues, 1789-2002. Santa Barbara: abc-clio, 2003. Violini, L., and Baraggia, A. The Italian Constitutional Challenge: An Overview of the Upcoming Referendum. In International Journal of Constitutional Law. December 2, 2016. Available at: http://www.iconnectblog.com/2016/12/the-italian-constitutionalchallenge-an-overview-of-the-upcoming-referendum/ Zapata, P. La casa de todos. La nueva Constitución que Chile merece y necesita. Santiago: Universidad Católica de Chile, 2015. Zúñiga, F. (ed.). Reforma constitucional. Santiago: LexisNexis, 2005. |
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Albert, Richardb269a07a-6e00-46cc-ba20-d3783dc149c1Zaiden Benvindo, Juliano5d1b9ebd-22a0-4bda-bd15-07c2aade93e6Jiménez Ramírez, Milton César7d169dc6-82d3-4a4e-93dc-939900ea1fd6Villalonga, Cristiandb907557-f66c-4754-9c0e-4cfe470652cc2022-04-28 10:28:552022-09-09T21:07:50Z2022-04-28 10:28:552022-09-09T21:07:50Z2022-04-28Some constitutional changes are constitutional amendments in name alone. These unusual constitutional changes dismantle the basic structure of the constitution while at the same time building a new foundation rooted in principles contrary to the old. They are self-conscious efforts to repudiate the essential characteristics of the constitution and to destroy its foundations. We should not understand changes on this scale as mere amendments. They are better understood as constitutional dismemberments. These constitutional changes disassemble one or more of the constitution’s elemental parts by altering a fundamental right, a load-bearing structural design, or a core aspect of the identity of the constitution. In this article, we draw from three jurisdictions in Latin America—Brazil, Chile, and Colombia—to illustrate this phenomenon, to expose its variations, and to suggest that it entails serious implications.Algunos cambios constitucionales son enmiendas constitucionales solo de nombre. En ocasiones, estos desmantelan la estructura básica de la constitución y, al mismo tiempo, sientan nuevos fundamentos para ella sobre principios contrarios a los antiguos. No debemos comprender los cambios a esta escala como meras enmiendas. Ellos se entienden mejor como desmembramientos constitucionales; es decir, esfuerzos deliberados por repudiar las características esenciales de la constitución y reemplazar sus fundamentos. Estos cambios re-articulan una o más de sus partes elementales, al alterar un derecho fundamental, el diseño institucional de su regulación orgánica o un aspecto determinante de su identidad. En el presente trabajo examinamos tres jurisdicciones de América Latina –Brasil, Chile y Colombia– para ilustrar este fenómeno y exponer sus variaciones y consecuencias.application/pdftext/html10.18601/01229893.n52.042346-20510122-9893https://bdigital.uexternado.edu.co/handle/001/11463https://doi.org/10.18601/01229893.n52.04spaDepartamento de Derecho Constitucionalhttps://revistas.uexternado.edu.co/index.php/derest/article/download/7798/11683https://revistas.uexternado.edu.co/index.php/derest/article/download/7798/11684Núm. 52 , Año 2022 : Mayo - Agosto1335293Revista Derecho del EstadoAlbert, R. Constitutional Amendments: Making, Breaking, and Changing Constitutions. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2019.Albert, R. Constitutional Amendment and Dismemberment. In The Yale Journal of International Law. 43, 2018.Andrade, C. La Reforma a la Constitución Política de la República de Chile de 1980. Santiago: Jurídica, 2002.Albert, R. Formas y función de la enmienda constitucional. Bogotá: Universidad Externado de Colombia, 2017.Arase, D. Japan, the Active State? Security Policy after 9/11. In Asian Survey. Vol. 47, 2007.Atria, F. La Constitución tramposa. Santiago: lom, 2013.Arcoverde, L. Orçamento do governo federal prevê cortes para educação básica em 2020. G1, Sep. 13, 2019. Available at: https://g1.globo.com/educacao/noticia/2019/09/13/orcamento-do-governo-federal-preve-cortes-para-educacao-basica-em-2020.ghtml [accessed: October 24, 2020].Balkin, J.M. and Levinson, S. Understanding the Constitutional Revolution. In Virginia Law Review. Vol. 87, 2001.Barbosa, L. História constitucional brasileira: mudança constitucional, autoritarismo e democracia no Brasil pós-1964. Brasília: Biblioteca Digital da Câmara dos Deputados, 2012.Benvindo, J.Z. The Forgotten People in Brazilian Constitutionalism: Revisiting Behavior Strategic Analyses of Regime Transitions. In International Journal of Constitutional Law. Vol. 15, 2017.Benvindo, J.Z. Brazil in the Context of the Debate over Unamendability in Latin America. In Albert, R., and Oder, B. (eds.), An Unamendable Constitution? Heidelberg: Springer, 2018.Benvindo, J.Z. Constitutional Moments and Constitutional Thresholds in Brazil: Mass Protests and the “Performative Meaning” of Constitutionalism. In Albert, R., Bernal, C., and Benvindo, J.Z. (eds.), Constitutional Change and Transformation in Latin America. Oxford: Hart, 2019.Benvindo, J.Z. The Brazilian Constitutional Amendment Rate: A Culture of Change? In International Journal of Constitutional Law Blog. August 10, 2016. Available at: http://www.iconnectblog.com/2016/08/the-brazilian-constitutional-amendment-ratea-culture-of-change/ [accessed: February 21, 2020].Bernal, C. Unconstitutional Constitutional Amendments in the Case Study of Colombia: An Analysis of the Justification and Meaning of the Constitutional Replacement Doctrine. In International Journal of Constitutional Law. Vol. 11, Issue 2, 2013, 339-357.Bernal, C., Barbosa, G., and Ciro, A. Justicia Transicional: retos teóricos. Vol. 1. Bogotá: Universidad Externado de Colombia, 2016.Bunker, K. La elección de 2017 y el fraccionamiento del sistema de partidos en Chile. In Revista Chilena de Derecho y Ciencia Política. 9, 2, 2018.Cajas, M. La historia de la Corte Suprema de Justicia de Colombia, 1886-1991. Tomo II. Bogotá: Universidad de los Andes and icesi, 2015.Câmara dos Deputados. November 11, 2019. Available at: https://www.camara.leg.br/noticias/609406-bolsonaro-entrega-pacote-de-medidas-economicas-ao-congresso [accessed: February 21, 2020].CEA, J.L. Introducción. In Zúñiga, F. (ed.), Reforma constitucional. Santiago: LexisNexis, 2005.Conselho Nacional de Saúde. August 16, 2019. Available at: http://www.conselho.saude.gov.br/ultimas-noticias-cns/770-cortes-nos-recursos-do-sus-preocupam-especialistase-parlamentares [accessed: October 24, 2020].Cooley, T. The Power to Amend the Federal Constitution. In Michigan Law Journal. Vol. 2, 1893.Cristaldo, H. Presidente da Câmara diz que é contra nova assembleia constituinte. Agência Brasil, November 19, 2019. Available at: http://agenciabrasil.ebc.com.br/politica/noticia/2019-11/presidente-da-camara-diz-que-e-contra-nova-assembleia-constituinte [accessed: October 24, 2020].Cumplido, F. Reforma constitucional y régimen político. In Zúñiga, F. (ed.), Reforma constitucional. Santiago: LexisNexis, 2005.Díaz de Valdés, J.M. La Reforma Constitucional del año 2005: contexto, impacto y tópicos pendientes. In Actualidad Jurídica 20, 2009.Elkins, Z., Ginsburg, T., and Melton, J. The Endurance of National Constitutions. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009.Fernández, M.A. Fortalezas y debilidades de la Constitución actual. 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