Constitutional Dismemberment in Latin America

Some constitutional changes are constitutional amendments in name alone. These unusual constitutional changes dismantle the basic structure of the constitution while at the same time building a new foundation rooted in principles contrary to the old. They are self-conscious efforts to repudiate the...

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Autores:
Albert, Richard
Zaiden Benvindo, Juliano
Jiménez Ramírez, Milton César
Villalonga, Cristian
Tipo de recurso:
Article of journal
Fecha de publicación:
2022
Institución:
Universidad Externado de Colombia
Repositorio:
Biblioteca Digital Universidad Externado de Colombia
Idioma:
spa
OAI Identifier:
oai:bdigital.uexternado.edu.co:001/11463
Acceso en línea:
https://bdigital.uexternado.edu.co/handle/001/11463
https://doi.org/10.18601/01229893.n52.04
Palabra clave:
Reforma constitucional,
desmembramiento constitucional,
procedimientos de reforma constitucional,
cambio constitucional en Latinoamérica,
Constitución de Brasil,
Constitución de Chile,
Constitución de Colombia
Constitutional amendment,
constitutional dismemberment,
constitutional amendment procedures,
Latin American constitutional change,
Brazilian Constitution,
Chilean Constitution,
Colombian Constitution
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openAccess
License
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
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dc.title.spa.fl_str_mv Constitutional Dismemberment in Latin America
dc.title.translated.eng.fl_str_mv Constitutional Dismemberment in Latin America
title Constitutional Dismemberment in Latin America
spellingShingle Constitutional Dismemberment in Latin America
Reforma constitucional,
desmembramiento constitucional,
procedimientos de reforma constitucional,
cambio constitucional en Latinoamérica,
Constitución de Brasil,
Constitución de Chile,
Constitución de Colombia
Constitutional amendment,
constitutional dismemberment,
constitutional amendment procedures,
Latin American constitutional change,
Brazilian Constitution,
Chilean Constitution,
Colombian Constitution
title_short Constitutional Dismemberment in Latin America
title_full Constitutional Dismemberment in Latin America
title_fullStr Constitutional Dismemberment in Latin America
title_full_unstemmed Constitutional Dismemberment in Latin America
title_sort Constitutional Dismemberment in Latin America
dc.creator.fl_str_mv Albert, Richard
Zaiden Benvindo, Juliano
Jiménez Ramírez, Milton César
Villalonga, Cristian
dc.contributor.author.spa.fl_str_mv Albert, Richard
Zaiden Benvindo, Juliano
Jiménez Ramírez, Milton César
Villalonga, Cristian
dc.subject.eng.fl_str_mv Reforma constitucional,
desmembramiento constitucional,
procedimientos de reforma constitucional,
cambio constitucional en Latinoamérica,
Constitución de Brasil,
Constitución de Chile,
Constitución de Colombia
topic Reforma constitucional,
desmembramiento constitucional,
procedimientos de reforma constitucional,
cambio constitucional en Latinoamérica,
Constitución de Brasil,
Constitución de Chile,
Constitución de Colombia
Constitutional amendment,
constitutional dismemberment,
constitutional amendment procedures,
Latin American constitutional change,
Brazilian Constitution,
Chilean Constitution,
Colombian Constitution
dc.subject.spa.fl_str_mv Constitutional amendment,
constitutional dismemberment,
constitutional amendment procedures,
Latin American constitutional change,
Brazilian Constitution,
Chilean Constitution,
Colombian Constitution
description Some constitutional changes are constitutional amendments in name alone. These unusual constitutional changes dismantle the basic structure of the constitution while at the same time building a new foundation rooted in principles contrary to the old. They are self-conscious efforts to repudiate the essential characteristics of the constitution and to destroy its foundations. We should not understand changes on this scale as mere amendments. They are better understood as constitutional dismemberments. These constitutional changes disassemble one or more of the constitution’s elemental parts by altering a fundamental right, a load-bearing structural design, or a core aspect of the identity of the constitution. In this article, we draw from three jurisdictions in Latin America—Brazil, Chile, and Colombia—to illustrate this phenomenon, to expose its variations, and to suggest that it entails serious implications.
publishDate 2022
dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv 2022-04-28 10:28:55
2022-09-09T21:07:50Z
dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv 2022-04-28 10:28:55
2022-09-09T21:07:50Z
dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv 2022-04-28
dc.type.spa.fl_str_mv Artículo de revista
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dc.relation.citationedition.spa.fl_str_mv Núm. 52 , Año 2022 : Mayo - Agosto
dc.relation.citationendpage.none.fl_str_mv 133
dc.relation.citationissue.spa.fl_str_mv 52
dc.relation.citationstartpage.none.fl_str_mv 93
dc.relation.ispartofjournal.spa.fl_str_mv Revista Derecho del Estado
dc.relation.references.spa.fl_str_mv Albert, R. Constitutional Amendments: Making, Breaking, and Changing Constitutions. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2019.
Albert, R. Constitutional Amendment and Dismemberment. In The Yale Journal of International Law. 43, 2018.
Andrade, C. La Reforma a la Constitución Política de la República de Chile de 1980. Santiago: Jurídica, 2002.
Albert, R. Formas y función de la enmienda constitucional. Bogotá: Universidad Externado de Colombia, 2017.
Arase, D. Japan, the Active State? Security Policy after 9/11. In Asian Survey. Vol. 47, 2007.
Atria, F. La Constitución tramposa. Santiago: lom, 2013.
Arcoverde, L. Orçamento do governo federal prevê cortes para educação básica em 2020. G1, Sep. 13, 2019. Available at: https://g1.globo.com/educacao/noticia/2019/09/13/orcamento-do-governo-federal-preve-cortes-para-educacao-basica-em-2020.ghtml [accessed: October 24, 2020].
Balkin, J.M. and Levinson, S. Understanding the Constitutional Revolution. In Virginia Law Review. Vol. 87, 2001.
Barbosa, L. História constitucional brasileira: mudança constitucional, autoritarismo e democracia no Brasil pós-1964. Brasília: Biblioteca Digital da Câmara dos Deputados, 2012.
Benvindo, J.Z. The Forgotten People in Brazilian Constitutionalism: Revisiting Behavior Strategic Analyses of Regime Transitions. In International Journal of Constitutional Law. Vol. 15, 2017.
Benvindo, J.Z. Brazil in the Context of the Debate over Unamendability in Latin America. In Albert, R., and Oder, B. (eds.), An Unamendable Constitution? Heidelberg: Springer, 2018.
Benvindo, J.Z. Constitutional Moments and Constitutional Thresholds in Brazil: Mass Protests and the “Performative Meaning” of Constitutionalism. In Albert, R., Bernal, C., and Benvindo, J.Z. (eds.), Constitutional Change and Transformation in Latin America. Oxford: Hart, 2019.
Benvindo, J.Z. The Brazilian Constitutional Amendment Rate: A Culture of Change? In International Journal of Constitutional Law Blog. August 10, 2016. Available at: http://www.iconnectblog.com/2016/08/the-brazilian-constitutional-amendment-ratea-culture-of-change/ [accessed: February 21, 2020].
Bernal, C. Unconstitutional Constitutional Amendments in the Case Study of Colombia: An Analysis of the Justification and Meaning of the Constitutional Replacement Doctrine. In International Journal of Constitutional Law. Vol. 11, Issue 2, 2013, 339-357.
Bernal, C., Barbosa, G., and Ciro, A. Justicia Transicional: retos teóricos. Vol. 1. Bogotá: Universidad Externado de Colombia, 2016.
Bunker, K. La elección de 2017 y el fraccionamiento del sistema de partidos en Chile. In Revista Chilena de Derecho y Ciencia Política. 9, 2, 2018.
Cajas, M. La historia de la Corte Suprema de Justicia de Colombia, 1886-1991. Tomo II. Bogotá: Universidad de los Andes and icesi, 2015.
Câmara dos Deputados. November 11, 2019. Available at: https://www.camara.leg.br/noticias/609406-bolsonaro-entrega-pacote-de-medidas-economicas-ao-congresso [accessed: February 21, 2020].
CEA, J.L. Introducción. In Zúñiga, F. (ed.), Reforma constitucional. Santiago: LexisNexis, 2005.
Conselho Nacional de Saúde. August 16, 2019. Available at: http://www.conselho.saude.gov.br/ultimas-noticias-cns/770-cortes-nos-recursos-do-sus-preocupam-especialistase-parlamentares [accessed: October 24, 2020].
Cooley, T. The Power to Amend the Federal Constitution. In Michigan Law Journal. Vol. 2, 1893.
Cristaldo, H. Presidente da Câmara diz que é contra nova assembleia constituinte. Agência Brasil, November 19, 2019. Available at: http://agenciabrasil.ebc.com.br/politica/noticia/2019-11/presidente-da-camara-diz-que-e-contra-nova-assembleia-constituinte [accessed: October 24, 2020].
Cumplido, F. Reforma constitucional y régimen político. In Zúñiga, F. (ed.), Reforma constitucional. Santiago: LexisNexis, 2005.
Díaz de Valdés, J.M. La Reforma Constitucional del año 2005: contexto, impacto y tópicos pendientes. In Actualidad Jurídica 20, 2009.
Elkins, Z., Ginsburg, T., and Melton, J. The Endurance of National Constitutions. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009.
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spelling Albert, Richardb269a07a-6e00-46cc-ba20-d3783dc149c1Zaiden Benvindo, Juliano5d1b9ebd-22a0-4bda-bd15-07c2aade93e6Jiménez Ramírez, Milton César7d169dc6-82d3-4a4e-93dc-939900ea1fd6Villalonga, Cristiandb907557-f66c-4754-9c0e-4cfe470652cc2022-04-28 10:28:552022-09-09T21:07:50Z2022-04-28 10:28:552022-09-09T21:07:50Z2022-04-28Some constitutional changes are constitutional amendments in name alone. These unusual constitutional changes dismantle the basic structure of the constitution while at the same time building a new foundation rooted in principles contrary to the old. They are self-conscious efforts to repudiate the essential characteristics of the constitution and to destroy its foundations. We should not understand changes on this scale as mere amendments. They are better understood as constitutional dismemberments. These constitutional changes disassemble one or more of the constitution’s elemental parts by altering a fundamental right, a load-bearing structural design, or a core aspect of the identity of the constitution. In this article, we draw from three jurisdictions in Latin America—Brazil, Chile, and Colombia—to illustrate this phenomenon, to expose its variations, and to suggest that it entails serious implications.Algunos cambios constitucionales son enmiendas constitucionales solo de nombre. En ocasiones, estos desmantelan la estructura básica de la constitución y, al mismo tiempo, sientan nuevos fundamentos para ella sobre principios contrarios a los antiguos. No debemos comprender los cambios a esta escala como meras enmiendas. Ellos se entienden mejor como desmembramientos constitucionales; es decir, esfuerzos deliberados por repudiar las características esenciales de la constitución y reemplazar sus fundamentos. Estos cambios re-articulan una o más de sus partes elementales, al alterar un derecho fundamental, el diseño institucional de su regulación orgánica o un aspecto determinante de su identidad. En el presente trabajo examinamos tres jurisdicciones de América Latina –Brasil, Chile y Colombia– para ilustrar este fenómeno y exponer sus variaciones y consecuencias.application/pdftext/html10.18601/01229893.n52.042346-20510122-9893https://bdigital.uexternado.edu.co/handle/001/11463https://doi.org/10.18601/01229893.n52.04spaDepartamento de Derecho Constitucionalhttps://revistas.uexternado.edu.co/index.php/derest/article/download/7798/11683https://revistas.uexternado.edu.co/index.php/derest/article/download/7798/11684Núm. 52 , Año 2022 : Mayo - Agosto1335293Revista Derecho del EstadoAlbert, R. Constitutional Amendments: Making, Breaking, and Changing Constitutions. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2019.Albert, R. Constitutional Amendment and Dismemberment. In The Yale Journal of International Law. 43, 2018.Andrade, C. La Reforma a la Constitución Política de la República de Chile de 1980. Santiago: Jurídica, 2002.Albert, R. Formas y función de la enmienda constitucional. Bogotá: Universidad Externado de Colombia, 2017.Arase, D. Japan, the Active State? Security Policy after 9/11. In Asian Survey. Vol. 47, 2007.Atria, F. La Constitución tramposa. Santiago: lom, 2013.Arcoverde, L. Orçamento do governo federal prevê cortes para educação básica em 2020. G1, Sep. 13, 2019. Available at: https://g1.globo.com/educacao/noticia/2019/09/13/orcamento-do-governo-federal-preve-cortes-para-educacao-basica-em-2020.ghtml [accessed: October 24, 2020].Balkin, J.M. and Levinson, S. Understanding the Constitutional Revolution. In Virginia Law Review. Vol. 87, 2001.Barbosa, L. História constitucional brasileira: mudança constitucional, autoritarismo e democracia no Brasil pós-1964. Brasília: Biblioteca Digital da Câmara dos Deputados, 2012.Benvindo, J.Z. The Forgotten People in Brazilian Constitutionalism: Revisiting Behavior Strategic Analyses of Regime Transitions. In International Journal of Constitutional Law. Vol. 15, 2017.Benvindo, J.Z. Brazil in the Context of the Debate over Unamendability in Latin America. In Albert, R., and Oder, B. (eds.), An Unamendable Constitution? Heidelberg: Springer, 2018.Benvindo, J.Z. Constitutional Moments and Constitutional Thresholds in Brazil: Mass Protests and the “Performative Meaning” of Constitutionalism. In Albert, R., Bernal, C., and Benvindo, J.Z. (eds.), Constitutional Change and Transformation in Latin America. Oxford: Hart, 2019.Benvindo, J.Z. The Brazilian Constitutional Amendment Rate: A Culture of Change? In International Journal of Constitutional Law Blog. August 10, 2016. Available at: http://www.iconnectblog.com/2016/08/the-brazilian-constitutional-amendment-ratea-culture-of-change/ [accessed: February 21, 2020].Bernal, C. Unconstitutional Constitutional Amendments in the Case Study of Colombia: An Analysis of the Justification and Meaning of the Constitutional Replacement Doctrine. In International Journal of Constitutional Law. Vol. 11, Issue 2, 2013, 339-357.Bernal, C., Barbosa, G., and Ciro, A. Justicia Transicional: retos teóricos. Vol. 1. Bogotá: Universidad Externado de Colombia, 2016.Bunker, K. La elección de 2017 y el fraccionamiento del sistema de partidos en Chile. In Revista Chilena de Derecho y Ciencia Política. 9, 2, 2018.Cajas, M. La historia de la Corte Suprema de Justicia de Colombia, 1886-1991. Tomo II. Bogotá: Universidad de los Andes and icesi, 2015.Câmara dos Deputados. November 11, 2019. Available at: https://www.camara.leg.br/noticias/609406-bolsonaro-entrega-pacote-de-medidas-economicas-ao-congresso [accessed: February 21, 2020].CEA, J.L. Introducción. In Zúñiga, F. (ed.), Reforma constitucional. Santiago: LexisNexis, 2005.Conselho Nacional de Saúde. August 16, 2019. Available at: http://www.conselho.saude.gov.br/ultimas-noticias-cns/770-cortes-nos-recursos-do-sus-preocupam-especialistase-parlamentares [accessed: October 24, 2020].Cooley, T. The Power to Amend the Federal Constitution. In Michigan Law Journal. Vol. 2, 1893.Cristaldo, H. Presidente da Câmara diz que é contra nova assembleia constituinte. Agência Brasil, November 19, 2019. Available at: http://agenciabrasil.ebc.com.br/politica/noticia/2019-11/presidente-da-camara-diz-que-e-contra-nova-assembleia-constituinte [accessed: October 24, 2020].Cumplido, F. Reforma constitucional y régimen político. In Zúñiga, F. (ed.), Reforma constitucional. Santiago: LexisNexis, 2005.Díaz de Valdés, J.M. La Reforma Constitucional del año 2005: contexto, impacto y tópicos pendientes. In Actualidad Jurídica 20, 2009.Elkins, Z., Ginsburg, T., and Melton, J. The Endurance of National Constitutions. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009.Fernández, M.A. Fortalezas y debilidades de la Constitución actual. 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