El racismo encubierto en economía

La teoría económica predominante está repleta de supuestos que alimentan el racismo estructural o sistémico, pues apoya un sistema económico que perjudica gravemente a las personas del extremo inferior del espectro socioeconómico, que en Estados Unidos incluye a un número desproporcionado de hispano...

Full description

Autores:: Komlos, John

Tipo de recurso:: Article of journal

Fecha de publicación:: 2021

Institución:: Universidad Externado de Colombia

Repositorio:: Biblioteca Digital Universidad Externado de Colombia

Idioma:: spa

id	uexternad2_787da41fea9add9382a35e1ad3997281
oai_identifier_str	oai:bdigital.uexternado.edu.co:001/12282
network_acronym_str	uexternad2
network_name_str	Biblioteca Digital Universidad Externado de Colombia
repository_id_str
dc.title.spa.fl_str_mv	El racismo encubierto en economía
dc.title.translated.eng.fl_str_mv	Covert racism in economics
title	El racismo encubierto en economía
spellingShingle	El racismo encubierto en economía racism, poverty, bounded rationality, opportunistic behavior, power JEL: A00, B50, D60, J15, Z13 racismo, pobreza, racionalidad acotada, comportamiento oportunista, poder JEL: A00, B50, D60, J15, Z13 racismo, pobreza, racionalidade limitada, comportamento oportunista, poder JEL: A00, B50, D60, J15, Z13
title_short	El racismo encubierto en economía
title_full	El racismo encubierto en economía
title_fullStr	El racismo encubierto en economía
title_full_unstemmed	El racismo encubierto en economía
title_sort	El racismo encubierto en economía
dc.creator.fl_str_mv	Komlos, John
dc.contributor.author.spa.fl_str_mv	Komlos, John
dc.subject.eng.fl_str_mv	racism, poverty, bounded rationality, opportunistic behavior, power JEL: A00, B50, D60, J15, Z13
topic	racism, poverty, bounded rationality, opportunistic behavior, power JEL: A00, B50, D60, J15, Z13 racismo, pobreza, racionalidad acotada, comportamiento oportunista, poder JEL: A00, B50, D60, J15, Z13 racismo, pobreza, racionalidade limitada, comportamento oportunista, poder JEL: A00, B50, D60, J15, Z13
dc.subject.spa.fl_str_mv	racismo, pobreza, racionalidad acotada, comportamiento oportunista, poder JEL: A00, B50, D60, J15, Z13 racismo, pobreza, racionalidade limitada, comportamento oportunista, poder JEL: A00, B50, D60, J15, Z13
description	La teoría económica predominante está repleta de supuestos que alimentan el racismo estructural o sistémico, pues apoya un sistema económico que perjudica gravemente a las personas del extremo inferior del espectro socioeconómico, que en Estados Unidos incluye a un número desproporcionado de hispanos, indígenas y descendientes de esclavos. El artículo analiza quince de estos supuestos que se suelen trivializar, incluido el papel crucial de los costos de información en la toma de decisiones. La información costosa implica que su adquisición por los pobres requiere una mayor proporción de su ingreso, lo que les dificulta tomar decisiones bien informadas.
publishDate	2021
dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv	2021-12-14 00:00:00 2022-09-09T21:19:08Z
dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv	2021-12-14 00:00:00 2022-09-09T21:19:08Z
dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv	2021-12-14
dc.type.spa.fl_str_mv	Artículo de revista
dc.type.coar.fl_str_mv	http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1
dc.type.coar.spa.fl_str_mv	http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501 http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
dc.type.coarversion.spa.fl_str_mv	http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85
dc.type.content.spa.fl_str_mv	Text
dc.type.driver.spa.fl_str_mv	info:eu-repo/semantics/article
dc.type.local.eng.fl_str_mv	Journal article
dc.type.redcol.spa.fl_str_mv	http://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/ARTREF
dc.type.version.spa.fl_str_mv	info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
format	http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
status_str	publishedVersion
dc.identifier.doi.none.fl_str_mv	10.18601/01245996.v24n46.03
dc.identifier.eissn.none.fl_str_mv	2346-2450
dc.identifier.issn.none.fl_str_mv	0124-5996
dc.identifier.uri.none.fl_str_mv	https://bdigital.uexternado.edu.co/handle/001/12282
dc.identifier.url.none.fl_str_mv	https://doi.org/10.18601/01245996.v24n46.03
identifier_str_mv	10.18601/01245996.v24n46.03 2346-2450 0124-5996
url	https://bdigital.uexternado.edu.co/handle/001/12282 https://doi.org/10.18601/01245996.v24n46.03
dc.language.iso.spa.fl_str_mv	spa
language	spa
dc.relation.bitstream.none.fl_str_mv	https://revistas.uexternado.edu.co/index.php/ecoins/article/download/7635/10679
dc.relation.citationedition.spa.fl_str_mv	Núm. 46 , Año 2022 : Enero-Junio
dc.relation.citationendpage.none.fl_str_mv	65
dc.relation.citationissue.spa.fl_str_mv	46
dc.relation.citationstartpage.none.fl_str_mv	27
dc.relation.citationvolume.spa.fl_str_mv	24
dc.relation.ispartofjournal.spa.fl_str_mv	Revista de Economía Institucional
dc.relation.references.spa.fl_str_mv	Akbar, P., Li, S., Shertzer, A. y Walsh, R. P. (2019). Racial segregation in housing markets and the erosion of black wealth. NBER working paper No. 25805. Akerlof, G. (1970). The market for ‘Lemons’: Quality uncertainty and the market mechanism. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 84(3), 488-490. Akerlof, G. (2002). Behavioral macroeconomics and macroeconomic behavior. American Economic Review, 92(3), 411-433. Akerlof, G. y Kranton, R. (2010). Identity economics. How our identities shape our work, wages, and well-being. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. Akerlof, G. y Shiller, R. (2015). Phishing for phools: The economics of manipulation and deception. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. Altonji, J. y Blank, R. (1999). Race and gender in the labor market. En O. Ashenfelter y D. Card (eds.), Handbook of labor economics, vol. 3, part C. (pp. 3143-3259). Ámsterdam: Elsevier. Arrow, K. (1963). Uncertainty and the welfare economics of medical care. American Economic Review, 53(5), 141-149. Arrow, K. (1971). Some mathematical models of race in the labor market. En A. H. Pascal (ed.), Racial discrimination in economic life (pp. 187-204). Lexington, MA: Lexington Books. Arrow, K. J. (1978). A cautious case for socialism. Dissent Magazine, 472-480. Arrow, K. J. (1998). What has economics to say about racial discrimination? Journal of Economic Perspectives, 12(2), 91-100. Aspen Institute (2020). 11 terms you should know to better understand structural racism. Aspen Institute, [https://www.aspeninstitute.org/blog-posts/ structural-racism-definition/]. Autor, D. (2003). Lecture note: The economics of discrimination – Theory, [https://economics.mit.edu/files/553]. Baker, D., Rawlins, S. y Stein, D. (2017). The full employment mandate of the federal reserve: Its origins and importance. Center for Economic and Policy Research, [http://cepr.net/images/stories/reports/full-employment-mandate-2017-07.pdf ]. Bayer, A., Hoover, G. y Washington, E. (2020). How you can work to increase the presence and improve the experience of Black, Latinx, and Native American people in the economics profession. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 34(3), 193-219. Becker, G. (1971). The economics of discrimination. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press. Bertrand, M., Chugh, D. y Mullainathan, S. (2005). Implicit discrimination. American Economic Review, 95(2), 94-98. Bivens, J., García, E., Gould, E. et al. (2016). It’s time for an ambitious national investment in America’s Children. Economic Policy Institute Report. Washington: EPI. Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (2018). Report on the economic well-being of U.S. households in 2017. Bobo, L., Kluegel, J. R. y Smith, R. A. (1996). Laissez-faire racism: The crystallization of a ‘kinder, gentler’ anti-black ideology. En J. Martin y S. Tuch (eds.), Racial attitudes in the 1990s (pp. 15-41). Londres: Westport, CT. Bonilla-S., E. (2006). Racism without racists. Color-blind racism and the persistence of racial inequality in the United States. Lanham, MD: Bowman & LittleField, Borjas, G. (2005). Labor economics. Nueva York: McGraw Hill. Bowles, S. (2016). The moral economy: Why good incentives are no substitute for good citizens. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. Bowles, S. y Carlin, W. (2020). What students learn in economics 101: Time for a change. Journal of Economic Literature, 58(1), 176-214. Bruegel, I. (2018). Labour market discrimination. En Macmillan Publishers (eds.), The new Palgrave dictionary of economics. Londres: Palgrave Macmillan. Bureau of Justice Statistics (s. f.). Correctional populations in the United States, [www.bjs. gov/index.cfm?ty=pbdetail&iid=5870]. Carson, E. A. (2015). Prisoners in 2014, Bulletin. Bureau of Justice Statistics, [https://www.bjs.gov/content/pub/pdf/p14.pdf ]. Case, A. y Deaton, A. (2020). Deaths of despair and the future of capitalism. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. CDC, National Center for Health Statistics (2017). Table 015 Life expectancy at birth, by sex, race, and Hispanic origin: United States, Selected years 1900-2016, [https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/hus/contents2017.htm#015]. Charles K. K. y Guryan, J. (2009). Taste-based discrimination. En Macmillan Publishers Ltd. (eds.), New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics. Londres: Palgrave Macmillan. Chetty, R. y Hendren, N. (2018). The effects of neighborhoods on intergenerational mobility I: Childhood exposure effects. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 133(3), 1107-1162. Chetty, R., Hendren, N. et al. (2019). Race and economic opportunity in the United States: An intergenerational perspective. NBER working paper No. 24441. Chiteji, N. y Hamilton, D. (2002). Family connections and the Black-White wealth gap among middle-class families. Review of Black Political Economy, 30(1), 9-28. Cihak, M., Mlavchila, M. y Sahay, R. (2020). Race in Economics. IMF Finance and Development, 57, 36-38. Clair, M. y Denis, J. (2015). Sociology of racism. En J. Clair (ed.), International encyclopedia of the social & behavioral sciences, vol. 19 (pp. 857-863). Ámsterdam: Elsevier. Coase. R. (1988). The firm, the market, and the law. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press. Conlisk, J. (1996). Why bounded rationality? Journal of Economic Literature, 34(2), 669-700. Daly, M., Hobijn, B. y Pedtke, J. (2017). Disappointing facts about the Black-White Wage gap. Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco Economic Letters, 5 de septiembre. Darity, W. Jr. (1995). Economics and discrimination. Aldershot: Edward Elgar Publisher. Darity, W. Jr. (2010). A direct route to full employment. Review of Black Political Economy, 37(3), 179-181. Darity, W. Jr. y Hamilton, D. (2010). Can ‘baby bonds’ eliminate the racial wealth gap in putative post-racial America? Review of Black Political Economy, 37(3), 207-216. Darity, W. Jr. y Hamilton, D. (2012). Bold policies for economic justice. Review of Black Political Economy, 39(1), 79-85. Darity, W. Jr. y Hamilton, D. (2017). The political economy of education, financial literacy, and the racial wealth gap. Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, 99(1), 59-76. Darity, W. Jr. y Hamilton, D. (2018). The federal job guarantee. Intereconomics: Review of European Economic Policy, 53(3), 179-180. Darity, W. Jr. y Mason, P. (1998). Evidence on discrimination in employment: codes of color, codes of gender. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 12(2), 63-90. Darity, W. Jr. y Mullen, A. K. (2020). From here to equality. Reparations for Black Americans in the Twenty-First Century. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press. Davis, C. G. (1994). Domestic food programs, hunger and undernutrition in rural America: How secure is the safety net? Review of Black Political Economy, 22(4), 179-202. Deaton, A. (2008). Income, healthy well-being around the world: evidence from the gallup world poll. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 22(2), 53-72. DeLong, B. (2011). Economics in crisis. The Economists’ Voice, 8(2), 1-2. Derenoncourt, E. y Montialoux, C. (2021). Minimum wages and racial inequality. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 135(2), 169-228. Ductor, L., Goyal, S., van der Leij, M. et al. (2020). On the influence of top journals. Tinbergen Institute working paper in economics 2020-19. Ámsterdam. Duesenberry, J. (1949). Income, saving, and the theory of consumer behavior. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. Easterlin, R. (2004). The economics of happiness. Daedalus, 133(2), 26-33. Economic Policy Institute. (2020). Underemployment by race, [https://www.epi.org/data/#/?subject=underemp&r=&e=]. Feagin, J. (2006). Systemic racism: A theory of oppression. Abingdon, UK: Routledge. Feldstein, M. (2016a). The U.S. economy is in good shape. Wall Street Journal. Feldstein, M. (2016b). Dealing with long-term deficits. American Economic Review: Papers & Proceedings, 106(5), 35-38. Fontenot, K., Semega, J y Kollar, M. (2018). Income and poverty in the United States: 2017. U.S. Census Bureau Current Population Reports, [https://www.census.gov/content/dam/Census/library/publications/2018/demo/p60-263.pdf ]. Frank, R. (1985). The demand for unobservable and other non-positional goods. American Economic Review, 75(1), 101-116. Friedman, G. (2018). Microeconomics: Individual choice in communities. Dubuque, IA: Kendall Hunt Publishing. Greenhouse, S. (2020). The coronavirus pandemic has intensified systemic economic racism against Black Americans. The New Yorker, [https://www.newyorker.com/news/news-desk/the-pandemic-has-intensifiedsystemic-economic-racism-against-black-americans]. Goodwin, N., Harris, J., Nelson, J. et al. (2015). Principles of economics in context. Abingdon, UK: Taylor and Francis, Hales, C. M., Carroll, M. D., Fryar, C. D. et al. (2017). Prevalence of obesity among adults and youth: United States, 2015-2016. NCHS Data Brief No. 288. Hamilton, D. (2017). The moral burden on economist: National Economic Association Presidential Address. Institute of New Economic Thinking Blog, [https://www.ineteconomics.org/perspectives/blog/themoral-burden-on-economists]. Hartney, C. (2006). US rates of incarceration: A global perspective, [https://www.prisonlegalnews.org/news/publications/nccd-rates ofincarceration-global-comparison-2006/]. Heckman, J. J y Kautz, T., (2012). Hard evidence on soft skills. Labour Economics, 19(4), 451-464. Heckman, J. J y Moktan, S. (2020). Publishing and promotion in economics: The tyranny of the top five. Journal of Economic Literature, 58(2), 419-470. Hill, R y Myatt, A. (2010). The economics anti-textbook. A critical thinker’s guide to microeconomics. Nueva York: Zed Books. Horowitz, J. M., Brown, A. y Cox, K. (2019). Race in America 2019. Washington: Pew Research Center. Hoover, K y Svorendk, A. (2020). Who runs the AEA? CHOPE Duke University, working Paper 2020-12. Hubbard, G., O’Brien, A. P., Garnett, A. et al. (2013). Microeconomics. Frenchs Forest: Pearson Australia. Hutson, M. (2008). Beauty beat: Lust now, pay later. Psychology Today, [https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/archive?search=Hutson%2C+L ust+now%2C+pay+later]. Kahneman, D. (2003). Maps of bounded rationality: Psychology for behavioral economics. American Economic Review, 93(5), 1449-1475. Keay, D. (1987). AIDS, education, and the year 2000: An interview with Margaret Thatcher. Woman’s Own, 10, 8-10. Kendi, I. (2019). How to be an antiracist. Nueva York: One World. Koechlin, T. (2019). Whitewashing capitalism: mainstream economics’ resounding silence on race and racism. Review of Radical Political Economics, 51(4), 562-571. Komlos, J. (2017). The triumph of Trumpism. Journal of Contextual Economics/Schmollers Jahrbuch, 137(4), 421-440. Komlos, J. (2018). Hollowing out of the middle class: Growth of income and welfare in the U.S., 1979-2011. Challenge: The Magazine of Economic Affairs, 61, 303-324. Komlos, J. (2019a). Foundations of real-world economics. Abingdon, UK: Routledge, Komlos, J. (2019b). Reaganomics: A watershed moment on the road to Trumpism, economists’. Voice, 16, 1-21. Komlos, J y Breitfelder, A. (2008). Differences in the physical growth of US-born black and white children and adolescents ages 2-19, Born 1942-2002. Annals of Human Biology, 35(1), 11-21. Krugman, P. (2014). The dismal science. New York Times, September 250. Krugman, P, Wells, R y Olney, O. (2007). Essentials of economics. Nueva York: Worth Publishers. Kvangraven, I. H y Kesar, S. (2020). Why do economists have trouble understanding racialized inequalities? Institute of New Economic Thinking, [https://www.ineteconomics.org/perspectives/blog/why-doeconomists-have-trouble-understanding-racialized-inequalities]. Lang, K., Jee-Y., K y Lehmann, P. (2012). Racial discrimination in the labor market: Theory and empirics. Journal of Economic Literature, 50(4), 959-1006. Lang, K y Kahn-L. Spitzer, A. (2020). Race discrimination: An economic perspective. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 34(2), 49-67. Lazonick, W. (2016). Innovative enterprise or sweatshop economics? In search of foundations of economic analysis. Challenge: The Magazine of Economic Affairs, 59(2), 65-114. Lazonick, W., Hopkins, M., Jacobson, K. et al. (2017). US pharma’s financialized business model. Institute for New Economic Thinking working paper 60. Linder, S. (1970). The harried leisure class. Nueva York: Columbia University Press. Little, M. (2020). Black economic futures. Kenan Insights, 29 de julio. Long, H. (2020). Democrats introduce bill to give the Federal Reserve a new mission: Ending racial inequality, Washington Post [www.washingtonpost.com/business/2020/08/05/fed-racial-inequality-democrats/]. Madrick, J. (2014). Seven bad ideas: How mainstream economists have damaged America and the world. Nueva York: Vintage. Mankiw, G, N. (2018). Principles of economics. Boston: Cengage Learning. Mason, P., Myers, S. Jr. y Darity, W. Jr. (2005). Is there racism in economic research? European Journal of Political Economy, 21(3), 755-761. McArdle, N., Osypuk, T y Acevedo-G., D. (2007). Disparities in neighborhood poverty of poor black and white children. Diversity Data Briefs 1, [http://diversitydata.org/ Publications/brief7.pdf]. Merton, R y Kitt. A. (1950). Contributions to the theory of reference group behavior. En E Merton, y P. Lazarsfeld, (eds.), Continuities in social research: Studies in the scope and method of the American soldier (pp. 40-105). Nueva York: Free Press. Mirowski, P. (2013). Never let a serious crisis go to waste: How neoliberalism survived the financial meltdown. Londres: Verso. Moro, A. (2018). Statistical discrimination. En Macmillan Publishers (eds.), New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics. Londres: Palgrave Macmillan. Movieguide (s. f.). Study: poverty and high rates of TV viewing are linked, [https://www.movieguide.org/news-articles/study-poverty-andhigh- rates-of-tv-viewing-are-linked.html]. Murphy, K. (2015). How Gary Becker saw the scourge of discrimination. Chicago Booth Review, [https://review.chicagobooth.edu/magazine/ winter-2014/how-gary-becker-saw-the-scourge-of-discrimination]. Musgrave, R. (1957). A multiple theory of budget determination. Finanzarchiv/Public Finance Analysis, 17(3), 333-343. Myers, D. (2010). Social psychology. Nueva York: McGraw-Hill. Myers, S, Jr. e Inhyuck, H. (2018). Race neutrality. Rationalizing remedies to racial inequality. Lanham, MD: Lexington Books. NAACP (2019). Criminal Justice Fact Sheet, [https://www.naacp.org/criminal-justice-fact-sheet/]. Neumark, D. (2018). Experimental research on labor market discrimination. Journal of Economic Literature, 56(3), 799-866. New School (2009). Robert Shiller on how human psychology drives the economy, [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8RrKScRg5KM&t=8s]. New York Times. (2018). Predatory colleges, freed to fleece students. 22 de mayo. Paul, M., Darity, W., Hamilton, D. y Zaw, K. (2018). A path to ending poverty by way of ending unemployment: A federal job guarantee. Journal of the Social Sciences, 4(3), 44-63. Pew Research Center (2016). America’s shrinking middle class: A close look at changes within metropolitan areas, [www.pewsocialtrends.org/files/2016/05/Middle-Class-Metro-Areas-FINAL.pdf ]. Piketty, T. (2014). Capital in the twenty-first century. Cambridge, MA; Harvard University Press. Polanyi, K. (1944). The great transformation: The political and economic origins of our time. Nueva York: Farrar & Rinehart. Rawls, J. (1971). A Theory of justice. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press Ribner, A., Fitzpatrick, C y Blair, C. (2017). Family socioeconomic status moderates associations between television viewing and school readiness skills. Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics, 38(3), 233-239. Rodgers, W. M y Holmes, J. (2004). New estimates of within occupation African American-White wage gaps. Review of Black Political Economy, 31(4), 69-88. Rothenberg, P. (2002). White privilege: Essential readings on the other side of racism. Nueva York: Worth Publishers. Samuelson, P y Nordhaus, W. (2009). Economics. Nueva York: McGraw-Hill. Sandel, M. (2013). The moral limits of markets, YouTube video. New Economic Thinking, [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UbBv2ZGC2VI]. Sandel, M. (2018a). Populism, liberalism, and democracy. Philosophy & Social Criticism, 44(4), 353-359. Sandel, M. (2018b). Is democracy in peril? Politics in the age of Trump, [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GGslRc9WIeA&t=3840s]. Sandel, M. (2019). Populism, Trump, and the future of democracy. Institute for New Economic Thinking. Schneider, G. (2019). Microeconomic principles and problems: A pluralist introduction. Abingdon, UK: Routledge. Sberlati, J. (2007). Countrywide Commercial 3, [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ei5OrV-CmHg]. Sen, A. (1980). Equality of what? En S. M. McMurrin, (ed.), The Tanner lecture on human values, vol. I (pp. 197-220). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Sen, A. (2009). The idea of justice. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. Shulman, S y Darity, W. Jr. (1989). The question of discrimination: Racial inequality in the U.S. labor market. Middletown: Wesleyan University Press. Simon, H. A. (1955). A behavioral model of rational choice. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 69(1), 99-118. Simon, H. A. (1982). Models of bounded rationality. Cambridge: MIT Press. Simms, M. C. (1985). Black women who head families: An economic struggle. Review of Black Political Economy, 2(14), 141-151. Small, M. L y Pager. D. (2020). Sociological perspectives on racial discrimination. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 34(2), 49-67. Smith, A. (1776). An inquiry into the nature and causes of the wealth of nations. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Streufert, P. (2000). The effect of underclass social isolation on schooling choice. Journal of Public Economic Theory, 2(4), 461-482. Stigler, J. (1965). The problem of the Negro. New Guard, 101(5), 11-12. Stiglitz, J. (2002). There is no invisible hand. Guardian, December 20. Stiglitz, J. (2009). Selected works of Joseph E. Stiglitz, vol. 1. Information and economic Analysis. Oxford: Oxford University Press. J. (2011). Of the 1%, by the 1%, for the 1%, Vanity Fair, [https://www.vanityfair.com/news/2011/05/top-one-percent-201105]. Stiglitz, J. (2012). The price of inequality. Nueva York: W.W. Norton. Stiglitz, J. (2018). When shall we overcome. Project Syndicate, 12 de marzo. Stiglitz, J y Greenwald, B. C. (1986). Externalities in economies with imperfect information and incomplete markets. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 101(2), 229-264. St. Louis Federal Reserve Bank. (2019). Series UNRATE and LNS14000006. Tabibnia, G y Lieberman, M. D. (2007). Fairness and cooperation are rewarding. Evidence from social cognitive neuroscience. Annals of the Nueva York Academy of Sciences, 1118, 90-101. Taylor, T., Greenlaw, S y Shapiro, D. (2018). Principles of economics. Houston: Open Stax. Tcherneva, P. (2019). The job guarantee: Prevention, not just a cure. Challenge, Magazine of Economic Affairs, 62(4), 253-272. Thaler, R. (2016a). Misbehaving: The making of behavioral economics. Nueva York: W.W. Norton. Thaler, R. (2016b). Behavioral economics: Past, present, and future. American Economic Review, 106(7), 1577-1600. Trump, D. (2020). Full transcript: Trump’s 2020 State of the Union Address. Nueva York Times. Unger, R. (2015). Conclusion: The task of the social innovation movement. En A. Nicholls, J. Simon y M. Gabriel (eds.), New frontiers in social innovation research (pp. 233-251). Basingstoke, UK: Palgrave-Macmillan. Veblen, T. (1899). Theory of the leisure class, an economic study of institutions. Londres: Macmillan. van Dalen H. P. (2019). Values of economists matter in the art and science of economics. Kyklos, 72, 472-499. Wallace, I. (2019). The poorest ZIP codes in America. Infographics, [https://infographicjournal.com/the-poorest-zip-codes-in-america/]. Waters, M y Eschbach, K. (1995). Immigration and ethnic and racial inequality in the United States. Annual Review of Sociology, 21, 419-446. Watson, M. (2017). Crusoe, Friday and the raced market frame of orthodox economics textbooks. New Political Economy, 23(5), 544-559. Whalen, C. (2019). Jobs for all: Reclaiming the right to work. Challenge, The Magazine of Economic Affairs, 62, 101-112. White House (2018). Shifting into high gear: America’s economy is roaring, [https://www. presidency.ucsb.edu/documents/]. WHO. (2016). World health statistics 2016. Annex B, [http://www.who.int/gho/publications/world_health_statistics/2016/Annex_B/en/]. Williams, R. B. (2017). Wealth privilege and the racial wealth gap: A case study in economic stratification. Review of Black Political Economy, 44(3-4), 303-325. Yong, E. D. (2020). How the pandemic defeated America. Atlantic, [https://psnet.ahrq.gov/ issue/how-pandemic-defeated-america]. Zhang, G., Wu L., Zhou, L. et al. (2015). Television watching and risk of childhood obesity: A meta-analysis. European Journal of Public Health, 26(1), 13-18.
dc.rights.spa.fl_str_mv	John Komlos - 2021
dc.rights.accessrights.spa.fl_str_mv	info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.rights.coar.spa.fl_str_mv	http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
dc.rights.uri.spa.fl_str_mv	http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
rights_invalid_str_mv	John Komlos - 2021 http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2 http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
eu_rights_str_mv	openAccess
dc.format.mimetype.spa.fl_str_mv	application/pdf
dc.publisher.spa.fl_str_mv	Universidad Externado de Colombia
dc.source.spa.fl_str_mv	https://revistas.uexternado.edu.co/index.php/ecoins/article/view/7635
institution	Universidad Externado de Colombia
bitstream.url.fl_str_mv	https://bdigital.uexternado.edu.co/bitstreams/76c789f3-3007-475c-a1a3-a46a1c11cd08/download
bitstream.checksum.fl_str_mv	cf105c09dd6abef57325dd68442f0974
bitstream.checksumAlgorithm.fl_str_mv	MD5
repository.name.fl_str_mv	Universidad Externado de Colombia
repository.mail.fl_str_mv	metabiblioteca@metabiblioteca.org
_version_	1808418197563506688
spelling	Komlos, Johne9feac16-854d-45a3-8292-1674ced8bff32021-12-14 00:00:002022-09-09T21:19:08Z2021-12-14 00:00:002022-09-09T21:19:08Z2021-12-14La teoría económica predominante está repleta de supuestos que alimentan el racismo estructural o sistémico, pues apoya un sistema económico que perjudica gravemente a las personas del extremo inferior del espectro socioeconómico, que en Estados Unidos incluye a un número desproporcionado de hispanos, indígenas y descendientes de esclavos. El artículo analiza quince de estos supuestos que se suelen trivializar, incluido el papel crucial de los costos de información en la toma de decisiones. La información costosa implica que su adquisición por los pobres requiere una mayor proporción de su ingreso, lo que les dificulta tomar decisiones bien informadas.Mainstream economic theory is replete with assumptions that feed into structural or systemic racism. It supports an economic system that severely disadvantages people at the lower end of the socio-economic spectrum, which in the U.S. includes a disproportionate number of Hispanics, indigenous people, and descendants of slaves would Afro-Americans be more appropriate?. The paper discusses 15 such assumptions that are generally trivialized, including the crucial role information costs play in decision making. In turn, costly information implies that its acquisition by poor people requires a greater share of their income, making it more difficult for them to make well-informed decisions.application/pdf10.18601/01245996.v24n46.032346-24500124-5996https://bdigital.uexternado.edu.co/handle/001/12282https://doi.org/10.18601/01245996.v24n46.03spaUniversidad Externado de Colombiahttps://revistas.uexternado.edu.co/index.php/ecoins/article/download/7635/10679Núm. 46 , Año 2022 : Enero-Junio65462724Revista de Economía InstitucionalAkbar, P., Li, S., Shertzer, A. y Walsh, R. P. (2019). Racial segregation in housing markets and the erosion of black wealth. NBER working paper No. 25805. Akerlof, G. (1970). The market for ‘Lemons’: Quality uncertainty and the market mechanism. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 84(3), 488-490. Akerlof, G. (2002). Behavioral macroeconomics and macroeconomic behavior. American Economic Review, 92(3), 411-433. Akerlof, G. y Kranton, R. (2010). Identity economics. How our identities shape our work, wages, and well-being. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. Akerlof, G. y Shiller, R. (2015). Phishing for phools: The economics of manipulation and deception. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. Altonji, J. y Blank, R. (1999). Race and gender in the labor market. En O. Ashenfelter y D. Card (eds.), Handbook of labor economics, vol. 3, part C. (pp. 3143-3259). Ámsterdam: Elsevier. Arrow, K. (1963). Uncertainty and the welfare economics of medical care. American Economic Review, 53(5), 141-149. Arrow, K. (1971). Some mathematical models of race in the labor market. En A. H. Pascal (ed.), Racial discrimination in economic life (pp. 187-204). Lexington, MA: Lexington Books. Arrow, K. J. (1978). A cautious case for socialism. Dissent Magazine, 472-480. Arrow, K. J. (1998). What has economics to say about racial discrimination? Journal of Economic Perspectives, 12(2), 91-100. Aspen Institute (2020). 11 terms you should know to better understand structural racism. Aspen Institute, [https://www.aspeninstitute.org/blog-posts/ structural-racism-definition/]. Autor, D. (2003). Lecture note: The economics of discrimination – Theory, [https://economics.mit.edu/files/553]. Baker, D., Rawlins, S. y Stein, D. (2017). The full employment mandate of the federal reserve: Its origins and importance. Center for Economic and Policy Research, [http://cepr.net/images/stories/reports/full-employment-mandate-2017-07.pdf ]. Bayer, A., Hoover, G. y Washington, E. (2020). How you can work to increase the presence and improve the experience of Black, Latinx, and Native American people in the economics profession. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 34(3), 193-219. Becker, G. (1971). The economics of discrimination. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press. Bertrand, M., Chugh, D. y Mullainathan, S. (2005). Implicit discrimination. American Economic Review, 95(2), 94-98. Bivens, J., García, E., Gould, E. et al. (2016). It’s time for an ambitious national investment in America’s Children. Economic Policy Institute Report. Washington: EPI. Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (2018). Report on the economic well-being of U.S. households in 2017. Bobo, L., Kluegel, J. R. y Smith, R. A. (1996). Laissez-faire racism: The crystallization of a ‘kinder, gentler’ anti-black ideology. En J. Martin y S. Tuch (eds.), Racial attitudes in the 1990s (pp. 15-41). Londres: Westport, CT. Bonilla-S., E. (2006). Racism without racists. Color-blind racism and the persistence of racial inequality in the United States. Lanham, MD: Bowman & LittleField, Borjas, G. (2005). Labor economics. Nueva York: McGraw Hill. Bowles, S. (2016). The moral economy: Why good incentives are no substitute for good citizens. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. Bowles, S. y Carlin, W. (2020). What students learn in economics 101: Time for a change. Journal of Economic Literature, 58(1), 176-214. Bruegel, I. (2018). Labour market discrimination. En Macmillan Publishers (eds.), The new Palgrave dictionary of economics. Londres: Palgrave Macmillan. Bureau of Justice Statistics (s. f.). Correctional populations in the United States, [www.bjs. gov/index.cfm?ty=pbdetail&iid=5870]. Carson, E. A. (2015). Prisoners in 2014, Bulletin. Bureau of Justice Statistics, [https://www.bjs.gov/content/pub/pdf/p14.pdf ]. Case, A. y Deaton, A. (2020). Deaths of despair and the future of capitalism. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. CDC, National Center for Health Statistics (2017). Table 015 Life expectancy at birth, by sex, race, and Hispanic origin: United States, Selected years 1900-2016, [https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/hus/contents2017.htm#015]. Charles K. K. y Guryan, J. (2009). Taste-based discrimination. En Macmillan Publishers Ltd. (eds.), New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics. Londres: Palgrave Macmillan. Chetty, R. y Hendren, N. (2018). The effects of neighborhoods on intergenerational mobility I: Childhood exposure effects. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 133(3), 1107-1162. Chetty, R., Hendren, N. et al. (2019). Race and economic opportunity in the United States: An intergenerational perspective. NBER working paper No. 24441. Chiteji, N. y Hamilton, D. (2002). Family connections and the Black-White wealth gap among middle-class families. Review of Black Political Economy, 30(1), 9-28. Cihak, M., Mlavchila, M. y Sahay, R. (2020). Race in Economics. IMF Finance and Development, 57, 36-38. Clair, M. y Denis, J. (2015). Sociology of racism. En J. Clair (ed.), International encyclopedia of the social & behavioral sciences, vol. 19 (pp. 857-863). Ámsterdam: Elsevier. Coase. R. (1988). The firm, the market, and the law. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press. Conlisk, J. (1996). Why bounded rationality? Journal of Economic Literature, 34(2), 669-700. Daly, M., Hobijn, B. y Pedtke, J. (2017). Disappointing facts about the Black-White Wage gap. Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco Economic Letters, 5 de septiembre. Darity, W. Jr. (1995). Economics and discrimination. Aldershot: Edward Elgar Publisher. Darity, W. Jr. (2010). A direct route to full employment. Review of Black Political Economy, 37(3), 179-181. Darity, W. Jr. y Hamilton, D. (2010). Can ‘baby bonds’ eliminate the racial wealth gap in putative post-racial America? Review of Black Political Economy, 37(3), 207-216. Darity, W. Jr. y Hamilton, D. (2012). Bold policies for economic justice. Review of Black Political Economy, 39(1), 79-85. Darity, W. Jr. y Hamilton, D. (2017). The political economy of education, financial literacy, and the racial wealth gap. Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, 99(1), 59-76. Darity, W. Jr. y Hamilton, D. (2018). The federal job guarantee. Intereconomics: Review of European Economic Policy, 53(3), 179-180. Darity, W. Jr. y Mason, P. (1998). Evidence on discrimination in employment: codes of color, codes of gender. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 12(2), 63-90. Darity, W. Jr. y Mullen, A. K. (2020). From here to equality. Reparations for Black Americans in the Twenty-First Century. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press. Davis, C. G. (1994). Domestic food programs, hunger and undernutrition in rural America: How secure is the safety net? Review of Black Political Economy, 22(4), 179-202. Deaton, A. (2008). Income, healthy well-being around the world: evidence from the gallup world poll. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 22(2), 53-72. DeLong, B. (2011). Economics in crisis. The Economists’ Voice, 8(2), 1-2. Derenoncourt, E. y Montialoux, C. (2021). Minimum wages and racial inequality. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 135(2), 169-228. Ductor, L., Goyal, S., van der Leij, M. et al. (2020). On the influence of top journals. Tinbergen Institute working paper in economics 2020-19. Ámsterdam. Duesenberry, J. (1949). Income, saving, and the theory of consumer behavior. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. Easterlin, R. (2004). The economics of happiness. Daedalus, 133(2), 26-33. Economic Policy Institute. (2020). Underemployment by race, [https://www.epi.org/data/#/?subject=underemp&r=&e=]. Feagin, J. (2006). Systemic racism: A theory of oppression. Abingdon, UK: Routledge. Feldstein, M. (2016a). The U.S. economy is in good shape. Wall Street Journal. Feldstein, M. (2016b). Dealing with long-term deficits. American Economic Review: Papers & Proceedings, 106(5), 35-38. Fontenot, K., Semega, J y Kollar, M. (2018). Income and poverty in the United States: 2017. U.S. Census Bureau Current Population Reports, [https://www.census.gov/content/dam/Census/library/publications/2018/demo/p60-263.pdf ]. Frank, R. (1985). The demand for unobservable and other non-positional goods. American Economic Review, 75(1), 101-116. Friedman, G. (2018). Microeconomics: Individual choice in communities. Dubuque, IA: Kendall Hunt Publishing. Greenhouse, S. (2020). The coronavirus pandemic has intensified systemic economic racism against Black Americans. The New Yorker, [https://www.newyorker.com/news/news-desk/the-pandemic-has-intensifiedsystemic-economic-racism-against-black-americans]. Goodwin, N., Harris, J., Nelson, J. et al. (2015). Principles of economics in context. Abingdon, UK: Taylor and Francis, Hales, C. M., Carroll, M. D., Fryar, C. D. et al. (2017). Prevalence of obesity among adults and youth: United States, 2015-2016. NCHS Data Brief No. 288. Hamilton, D. (2017). The moral burden on economist: National Economic Association Presidential Address. Institute of New Economic Thinking Blog, [https://www.ineteconomics.org/perspectives/blog/themoral-burden-on-economists]. Hartney, C. (2006). US rates of incarceration: A global perspective, [https://www.prisonlegalnews.org/news/publications/nccd-rates ofincarceration-global-comparison-2006/]. Heckman, J. J y Kautz, T., (2012). Hard evidence on soft skills. Labour Economics, 19(4), 451-464. Heckman, J. J y Moktan, S. (2020). Publishing and promotion in economics: The tyranny of the top five. Journal of Economic Literature, 58(2), 419-470. Hill, R y Myatt, A. (2010). The economics anti-textbook. A critical thinker’s guide to microeconomics. Nueva York: Zed Books. Horowitz, J. M., Brown, A. y Cox, K. (2019). Race in America 2019. Washington: Pew Research Center. Hoover, K y Svorendk, A. (2020). Who runs the AEA? CHOPE Duke University, working Paper 2020-12. Hubbard, G., O’Brien, A. P., Garnett, A. et al. (2013). Microeconomics. Frenchs Forest: Pearson Australia. Hutson, M. (2008). Beauty beat: Lust now, pay later. Psychology Today, [https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/archive?search=Hutson%2C+L ust+now%2C+pay+later]. Kahneman, D. (2003). Maps of bounded rationality: Psychology for behavioral economics. American Economic Review, 93(5), 1449-1475. Keay, D. (1987). AIDS, education, and the year 2000: An interview with Margaret Thatcher. Woman’s Own, 10, 8-10. Kendi, I. (2019). How to be an antiracist. Nueva York: One World. Koechlin, T. (2019). Whitewashing capitalism: mainstream economics’ resounding silence on race and racism. Review of Radical Political Economics, 51(4), 562-571. Komlos, J. (2017). The triumph of Trumpism. Journal of Contextual Economics/Schmollers Jahrbuch, 137(4), 421-440. Komlos, J. (2018). Hollowing out of the middle class: Growth of income and welfare in the U.S., 1979-2011. Challenge: The Magazine of Economic Affairs, 61, 303-324. Komlos, J. (2019a). Foundations of real-world economics. Abingdon, UK: Routledge, Komlos, J. (2019b). Reaganomics: A watershed moment on the road to Trumpism, economists’. Voice, 16, 1-21. Komlos, J y Breitfelder, A. (2008). Differences in the physical growth of US-born black and white children and adolescents ages 2-19, Born 1942-2002. Annals of Human Biology, 35(1), 11-21. Krugman, P. (2014). The dismal science. New York Times, September 250. Krugman, P, Wells, R y Olney, O. (2007). Essentials of economics. Nueva York: Worth Publishers. Kvangraven, I. H y Kesar, S. (2020). Why do economists have trouble understanding racialized inequalities? Institute of New Economic Thinking, [https://www.ineteconomics.org/perspectives/blog/why-doeconomists-have-trouble-understanding-racialized-inequalities]. Lang, K., Jee-Y., K y Lehmann, P. (2012). Racial discrimination in the labor market: Theory and empirics. Journal of Economic Literature, 50(4), 959-1006. Lang, K y Kahn-L. Spitzer, A. (2020). Race discrimination: An economic perspective. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 34(2), 49-67. Lazonick, W. (2016). Innovative enterprise or sweatshop economics? In search of foundations of economic analysis. Challenge: The Magazine of Economic Affairs, 59(2), 65-114. Lazonick, W., Hopkins, M., Jacobson, K. et al. (2017). US pharma’s financialized business model. Institute for New Economic Thinking working paper 60. Linder, S. (1970). The harried leisure class. Nueva York: Columbia University Press. Little, M. (2020). Black economic futures. Kenan Insights, 29 de julio. Long, H. (2020). Democrats introduce bill to give the Federal Reserve a new mission: Ending racial inequality, Washington Post [www.washingtonpost.com/business/2020/08/05/fed-racial-inequality-democrats/]. Madrick, J. (2014). Seven bad ideas: How mainstream economists have damaged America and the world. Nueva York: Vintage. Mankiw, G, N. (2018). Principles of economics. Boston: Cengage Learning. Mason, P., Myers, S. Jr. y Darity, W. Jr. (2005). Is there racism in economic research? European Journal of Political Economy, 21(3), 755-761. McArdle, N., Osypuk, T y Acevedo-G., D. (2007). Disparities in neighborhood poverty of poor black and white children. Diversity Data Briefs 1, [http://diversitydata.org/ Publications/brief7.pdf]. Merton, R y Kitt. A. (1950). Contributions to the theory of reference group behavior. En E Merton, y P. Lazarsfeld, (eds.), Continuities in social research: Studies in the scope and method of the American soldier (pp. 40-105). Nueva York: Free Press. Mirowski, P. (2013). Never let a serious crisis go to waste: How neoliberalism survived the financial meltdown. Londres: Verso. Moro, A. (2018). Statistical discrimination. En Macmillan Publishers (eds.), New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics. Londres: Palgrave Macmillan. Movieguide (s. f.). Study: poverty and high rates of TV viewing are linked, [https://www.movieguide.org/news-articles/study-poverty-andhigh- rates-of-tv-viewing-are-linked.html]. Murphy, K. (2015). How Gary Becker saw the scourge of discrimination. Chicago Booth Review, [https://review.chicagobooth.edu/magazine/ winter-2014/how-gary-becker-saw-the-scourge-of-discrimination]. Musgrave, R. (1957). A multiple theory of budget determination. Finanzarchiv/Public Finance Analysis, 17(3), 333-343. Myers, D. (2010). Social psychology. Nueva York: McGraw-Hill. Myers, S, Jr. e Inhyuck, H. (2018). Race neutrality. Rationalizing remedies to racial inequality. Lanham, MD: Lexington Books. NAACP (2019). Criminal Justice Fact Sheet, [https://www.naacp.org/criminal-justice-fact-sheet/]. Neumark, D. (2018). Experimental research on labor market discrimination. Journal of Economic Literature, 56(3), 799-866. New School (2009). Robert Shiller on how human psychology drives the economy, [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8RrKScRg5KM&t=8s]. New York Times. (2018). Predatory colleges, freed to fleece students. 22 de mayo. Paul, M., Darity, W., Hamilton, D. y Zaw, K. (2018). A path to ending poverty by way of ending unemployment: A federal job guarantee. Journal of the Social Sciences, 4(3), 44-63. Pew Research Center (2016). America’s shrinking middle class: A close look at changes within metropolitan areas, [www.pewsocialtrends.org/files/2016/05/Middle-Class-Metro-Areas-FINAL.pdf ]. Piketty, T. (2014). Capital in the twenty-first century. Cambridge, MA; Harvard University Press. Polanyi, K. (1944). The great transformation: The political and economic origins of our time. Nueva York: Farrar & Rinehart. Rawls, J. (1971). A Theory of justice. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press Ribner, A., Fitzpatrick, C y Blair, C. (2017). Family socioeconomic status moderates associations between television viewing and school readiness skills. Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics, 38(3), 233-239. Rodgers, W. M y Holmes, J. (2004). New estimates of within occupation African American-White wage gaps. Review of Black Political Economy, 31(4), 69-88. Rothenberg, P. (2002). White privilege: Essential readings on the other side of racism. Nueva York: Worth Publishers. Samuelson, P y Nordhaus, W. (2009). Economics. Nueva York: McGraw-Hill. Sandel, M. (2013). The moral limits of markets, YouTube video. New Economic Thinking, [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UbBv2ZGC2VI]. Sandel, M. (2018a). Populism, liberalism, and democracy. Philosophy & Social Criticism, 44(4), 353-359. Sandel, M. (2018b). Is democracy in peril? Politics in the age of Trump, [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GGslRc9WIeA&t=3840s]. Sandel, M. (2019). Populism, Trump, and the future of democracy. Institute for New Economic Thinking. Schneider, G. (2019). Microeconomic principles and problems: A pluralist introduction. Abingdon, UK: Routledge. Sberlati, J. (2007). Countrywide Commercial 3, [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ei5OrV-CmHg]. Sen, A. (1980). Equality of what? En S. M. McMurrin, (ed.), The Tanner lecture on human values, vol. I (pp. 197-220). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Sen, A. (2009). The idea of justice. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. Shulman, S y Darity, W. Jr. (1989). The question of discrimination: Racial inequality in the U.S. labor market. Middletown: Wesleyan University Press. Simon, H. A. (1955). A behavioral model of rational choice. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 69(1), 99-118. Simon, H. A. (1982). Models of bounded rationality. Cambridge: MIT Press. Simms, M. C. (1985). Black women who head families: An economic struggle. Review of Black Political Economy, 2(14), 141-151. Small, M. L y Pager. D. (2020). Sociological perspectives on racial discrimination. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 34(2), 49-67. Smith, A. (1776). An inquiry into the nature and causes of the wealth of nations. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Streufert, P. (2000). The effect of underclass social isolation on schooling choice. Journal of Public Economic Theory, 2(4), 461-482. Stigler, J. (1965). The problem of the Negro. New Guard, 101(5), 11-12. Stiglitz, J. (2002). There is no invisible hand. Guardian, December 20. Stiglitz, J. (2009). Selected works of Joseph E. Stiglitz, vol. 1. Information and economic Analysis. Oxford: Oxford University Press. J. (2011). Of the 1%, by the 1%, for the 1%, Vanity Fair, [https://www.vanityfair.com/news/2011/05/top-one-percent-201105]. Stiglitz, J. (2012). The price of inequality. Nueva York: W.W. Norton. Stiglitz, J. (2018). When shall we overcome. Project Syndicate, 12 de marzo. Stiglitz, J y Greenwald, B. C. (1986). Externalities in economies with imperfect information and incomplete markets. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 101(2), 229-264. St. Louis Federal Reserve Bank. (2019). Series UNRATE and LNS14000006. Tabibnia, G y Lieberman, M. D. (2007). Fairness and cooperation are rewarding. Evidence from social cognitive neuroscience. Annals of the Nueva York Academy of Sciences, 1118, 90-101. Taylor, T., Greenlaw, S y Shapiro, D. (2018). Principles of economics. Houston: Open Stax. Tcherneva, P. (2019). The job guarantee: Prevention, not just a cure. Challenge, Magazine of Economic Affairs, 62(4), 253-272. Thaler, R. (2016a). Misbehaving: The making of behavioral economics. Nueva York: W.W. Norton. Thaler, R. (2016b). Behavioral economics: Past, present, and future. American Economic Review, 106(7), 1577-1600. Trump, D. (2020). Full transcript: Trump’s 2020 State of the Union Address. Nueva York Times. Unger, R. (2015). Conclusion: The task of the social innovation movement. En A. Nicholls, J. Simon y M. Gabriel (eds.), New frontiers in social innovation research (pp. 233-251). Basingstoke, UK: Palgrave-Macmillan. Veblen, T. (1899). Theory of the leisure class, an economic study of institutions. Londres: Macmillan. van Dalen H. P. (2019). Values of economists matter in the art and science of economics. Kyklos, 72, 472-499. Wallace, I. (2019). The poorest ZIP codes in America. Infographics, [https://infographicjournal.com/the-poorest-zip-codes-in-america/]. Waters, M y Eschbach, K. (1995). Immigration and ethnic and racial inequality in the United States. Annual Review of Sociology, 21, 419-446. Watson, M. (2017). Crusoe, Friday and the raced market frame of orthodox economics textbooks. New Political Economy, 23(5), 544-559. Whalen, C. (2019). Jobs for all: Reclaiming the right to work. Challenge, The Magazine of Economic Affairs, 62, 101-112. White House (2018). Shifting into high gear: America’s economy is roaring, [https://www. presidency.ucsb.edu/documents/]. WHO. (2016). World health statistics 2016. Annex B, [http://www.who.int/gho/publications/world_health_statistics/2016/Annex_B/en/]. Williams, R. B. (2017). Wealth privilege and the racial wealth gap: A case study in economic stratification. Review of Black Political Economy, 44(3-4), 303-325. Yong, E. D. (2020). How the pandemic defeated America. Atlantic, [https://psnet.ahrq.gov/ issue/how-pandemic-defeated-america]. Zhang, G., Wu L., Zhou, L. et al. (2015). Television watching and risk of childhood obesity: A meta-analysis. European Journal of Public Health, 26(1), 13-18.John Komlos - 2021info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0.http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0https://revistas.uexternado.edu.co/index.php/ecoins/article/view/7635racism, poverty, bounded rationality, opportunistic behavior, powerJEL: A00, B50, D60, J15, Z13racismo, pobreza, racionalidad acotada, comportamiento oportunista, poderJEL: A00, B50, D60, J15, Z13racismo, pobreza, racionalidade limitada, comportamento oportunista, poderJEL: A00, B50, D60, J15, Z13El racismo encubierto en economíaCovert racism in economicsArtículo de revistahttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85Textinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articleJournal articlehttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/ARTREFinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionPublicationOREORE.xmltext/xml2432https://bdigital.uexternado.edu.co/bitstreams/76c789f3-3007-475c-a1a3-a46a1c11cd08/downloadcf105c09dd6abef57325dd68442f0974MD51001/12282oai:bdigital.uexternado.edu.co:001/122822023-08-14 15:28:25.66http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0John Komlos - 2021https://bdigital.uexternado.edu.coUniversidad Externado de Colombiametabiblioteca@metabiblioteca.org

El racismo encubierto en economía

Publicaciones similares