Irán y Arabia Saudí, rivalidades geopolíticas y escenarios de confrontación

La rivalidad entre Arabia Saudí y la República Islámica de Irán conforma una de las características más significativas del panorama político de Medio Oriente. Durante muchos años, estos dos países han luchado por el poder y la influencia regional. Este artículo analiza esa relación de competencia. E...

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Autores:
Moya Mena, Sergio I.
Tipo de recurso:
Article of journal
Fecha de publicación:
2018
Institución:
Universidad Externado de Colombia
Repositorio:
Biblioteca Digital Universidad Externado de Colombia
Idioma:
spa
OAI Identifier:
oai:bdigital.uexternado.edu.co:001/8466
Acceso en línea:
https://bdigital.uexternado.edu.co/handle/001/8466
https://doi.org/10.18601/16577558.n27.04
Palabra clave:
Iran
Saudi Arabia
foreign policy
geopolitics
sectarianism.
Irán
Arabia Saudí
política exterior
geopolítica
sectarismo.
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openAccess
License
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
id uexternad2_48322e810c4117ace85b05f389a71a05
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network_acronym_str uexternad2
network_name_str Biblioteca Digital Universidad Externado de Colombia
repository_id_str
dc.title.spa.fl_str_mv Irán y Arabia Saudí, rivalidades geopolíticas y escenarios de confrontación
dc.title.translated.eng.fl_str_mv Iran and Saudi Arabia, Geopolitical Rivalries and Confrontation Scenarios
title Irán y Arabia Saudí, rivalidades geopolíticas y escenarios de confrontación
spellingShingle Irán y Arabia Saudí, rivalidades geopolíticas y escenarios de confrontación
Iran
Saudi Arabia
foreign policy
geopolitics
sectarianism.
Irán
Arabia Saudí
política exterior
geopolítica
sectarismo.
title_short Irán y Arabia Saudí, rivalidades geopolíticas y escenarios de confrontación
title_full Irán y Arabia Saudí, rivalidades geopolíticas y escenarios de confrontación
title_fullStr Irán y Arabia Saudí, rivalidades geopolíticas y escenarios de confrontación
title_full_unstemmed Irán y Arabia Saudí, rivalidades geopolíticas y escenarios de confrontación
title_sort Irán y Arabia Saudí, rivalidades geopolíticas y escenarios de confrontación
dc.creator.fl_str_mv Moya Mena, Sergio I.
dc.contributor.author.spa.fl_str_mv Moya Mena, Sergio I.
dc.subject.eng.fl_str_mv Iran
Saudi Arabia
foreign policy
geopolitics
sectarianism.
topic Iran
Saudi Arabia
foreign policy
geopolitics
sectarianism.
Irán
Arabia Saudí
política exterior
geopolítica
sectarismo.
dc.subject.spa.fl_str_mv Irán
Arabia Saudí
política exterior
geopolítica
sectarismo.
description La rivalidad entre Arabia Saudí y la República Islámica de Irán conforma una de las características más significativas del panorama político de Medio Oriente. Durante muchos años, estos dos países han luchado por el poder y la influencia regional. Este artículo analiza esa relación de competencia. En primer lugar, se describen los antecedentes históricos de la relación entre los dos países. En segundo lugar, se consideran los factores geopolíticos que dan forma a la rivalidad entre saudíes e iraníes y, posteriormente, se analizan los principales escenarios geográficos de confrontación, las narrativas religiosas enfrentadas, así como las capacidades y la vulnerabilidad económica y militar de ambos países. Finalmente, el artículo plantea una consideración hipotética sobre un conflicto militar entre ambos países. El artículo demuestra que –hasta el momento– la disputa por el poder y la influencia regional favorece los intereses de Irán; sin embargo, dada la naturaleza de las alianzas regionales y extrarregionales, una escalada del conflicto al ámbito militar no favorecería los intereses de Teherán.
publishDate 2018
dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv 2018-05-08 00:00:00
2022-09-08T13:48:11Z
dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv 2018-05-08 00:00:00
2022-09-08T13:48:11Z
dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv 2018-05-08
dc.type.spa.fl_str_mv Artículo de revista
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dc.relation.references.spa.fl_str_mv Al Arabiya (2012). Saudi foreign minister says supporting Syrian opposition is a ‘duty’. Recuperado de https://english.alarabiya.net/articles/2012/03/31/204429.html
Alami, M. (2016). Will Gulf sanctions impact Lebanon’s banking sector? Al Monitor. Recuperado de http://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/zh/originals/2016/03/lebanon-gcc-decision-bankingsector.html
Algar, H. (2002). Wahhabism: A critical essay. New York: Islamic Publications Interational.al-Rasheed, M. (2003). Historia de Arabia Saudí. Madrid: Cambridge University Press.
al-Saud, F. b S. (2003). Iran, Saudi Arabia and the Gulf Power Politics in Transition 1968-1971. London: I. B. Tauris.
Álvarez-Ossorio, I. (2016). Siria: revolución, sectarismo y yihad. Madrid: Catarata.
Baer, R. (2004). Sleeping with the Devil: How Washington Sold Our Soul for Saudi Crude. New York: Three Rivers Press.
Black, I. (2015). Iran’s advances create alarm in Saudi Arabia and the Gulf. The Guardian. Recuperado de https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/mar/13/irans-advances-create-alarm-in-saudiarabia-and-the-gulf
Bowen, W. H. (2008) The History of Saudi Arabia. Westport: Greenwood Press.
CIA (2017). CIA World Fact Book. Recuperado de https:// www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-worldfactbook/rankorder/2253rank.html
Cordesman, A. H. (2004). The Military Balance in the Middle East. London. Praeger.
Dawn (2016). Saudi Arabia’s grand mufti says Iranians are ‘not Muslims’. Recuperado de https://www.dawn.com/news/1282493
El Khoury, B. (2017). Michel Aoun’s Double Game. The Cairo Review of Global Affairs. Recuperado de https://www.thecairoreview.com/tahrir-forum/michel-aouns-double-game/
Fouche, G. (2017). Iran says Saudi supports militants on its turf after attacks. Reuters. Recuperado de https://www.reuters.com/article/us-gulf-qatarsaudi-iran-idUSKBN1941CJ
Furtig, H. (2006). Iran’s Rivalry with Saudi Arabia Between the Gulf Wars. Durham Durham Middle East Monographs.
Gause, G. (2002). The foreign policy of Saudi Arabia. En Hinnebusch, Raymond y Ehteshami, Anoushiravan (eds.). The Foreign Policies of Middle East States. Boulder: Lynne Rienner.
Gause, G. (2016). The future of U.S.-Saudi relations. Foreign Affairs, 95.
Ghitis, F. (2017). Is the diplomatic tide shifting in the rivalry between Saudi Arabia and Iran? World Politics Review. Recuperado de: http://www.worldpoliticsreview.com/articles/22111/is-thediplomatic-tide-shifting-in-the-rivalry-betweensaudi-arabia-and-iran
Goodarzi, J. M. (2013). Syria and Iran: Alliance cooperation in a changing regional environment. Ortadoğu Etütleri, 4 (2).
Goodarzi, J. M. (2009). Syria and Iran: Diplomatic alliance and power politics in the Middle East. London: I. B. Tauris.
Halliday, F. (1981). Irán: dictadura y desarrollo. México: Fondo de Cultura Económica.
Hearst, D. (2014). Saudi Crapshoot in Yemen. Huffington Post. Recuperado de http://www.huffingtonpost.com/david-hearst/saudi-high-risk-betin-ye_b_5895984.html
Hussain, M. (2016). Saudi intervention in Yemen and its impact on Saudi’s economy. Foreign Policy News. Recuperado de http://foreignpolicynews.org/2016/12/11/saudi-intervention-yemenimpact-saudis-economy/
Iranian Students News Agency (ISNA) (2015). ذوفن تمظع هب شتاراهظا رد وهایناتن:یسنوی تسا هدرک فارتعا ناریا . Recuperado de http://www.isna.ir/news/ -یسنوی/ 93121709862 -ناریا-ذوفن-تمظع-هب-شتاراهظا-رد-وهایناتن تسا-هدرک-فارتعا
Javad Zarif, M. (2016). Let us rid the world of wahhabism. The New York Times. Recuperado de https://www.nytimes.com/2016/09/14/opinion/mohammad-javad-zarif-let-us-rid-the-world-ofwahhabism.html
Keynoush, B. (2016). Saudi Arabia and Iran: Friends or foes? London: Palgrave Macmillan.
Khalkhali, A. M. (2017). Riyadh has no intention of reconciliation. Iran Diplomacy. Recuperado de http://irdiplomacy.ir/en/page/1960998/Riyadh+Has+No+Intention+of+Reconciliation.html
Khomeini, R. (1987). Excerpts from khomeini speeches. The New York Times. Recuperado de http://www.nytimes.com/1987/08/04/world/excerpts-fromkhomeini- speeches.html
Khomeini, R. (1989). Imam Khomeini’s Last Will and Testament. Recuperado de https://www.al-islam.org/printpdf/book/export/html/39086
Liebl, V. (2012). Oil war: Iran & the military balance in the Persian Gulf. Modern War, 2.
Lynch, M. (2015). Obama and the Middle East. Foreign Affairs, 94.
Mabon, S. (2013). Saudi Arabia & Iran: Soft Power Rivalry in the Middle East. London: I. B. Tauris.
Matthiesen, T. (2013). Sectarian Gulf: Bahrain, Saudi Arabia, and the Arab Spring That Wasn’t. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
NBCnews (2008). Lebanon unity deal gives Hezbollah veto power. NBCnews. Recuperado de http://www.nbcnews.com/id/25637594/ns/world_news-mideast_n_africa/t/lebanon-unity-dealgives-hezbollah-veto-power/
Reuters (2017). Iran minister warns Saudi Arabia after ‘battle’ comments: Tasnim. Reuters. Recuperado de http://www.reuters.com/article/us-iran-saudiminister-idUSKBN1830Y7
Sahimi, M. (2009). Who supports Jundallah? Recuperado de http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/tehranbureau/2009/10/jundallah.html Schneider, H. (2001). Saudi pact with Iran is sign of growing trust. The Washington Post. Recuperado de https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/2001/04/17/saudi-pact-with-iran-is-signof-growing-trust/fbdde133-8ef9-48d2-9deb-5393b7f314d4/?utm_term=.468b5c105201
Shanahan, R. (2016). La lucha con Irán por el liderazgo regional: Siria y la guerra en Yemen como escenarios. Vanguardia Dossier, 61.
Sputnik News (2016). Saudi Arabian Foreign Minister accuses iraqi shiite militia of mass killings. Recuperado de https://sputniknews.com/middleeast/201612271049020235-saudi-accuseiraq-militia/
Tehran Times (2016). Velayati says he is confident Saudi Arabia will face military defeat in Yemen. Recuperado de http://www.tehrantimes.com/news/251962/Velayati-says-he-is-confident-Saudi-Arabia-will-face-military
Terril, W. A. (2011). The Saudi-Iranian Rivalry and the Future of Middle East Security. Washington D.C. Strategic Studies Institute.
Tehran Times. (2017). Kerry reveals certain states’ call for bombing Iran. Recuperado de http://www.tehrantimes.com/news/414281/Kerry-revealscertain-states-call-for-bombing-Iran.
The Independent (2016). Iranian Supreme Leader vows ‘divine vengeance’ on Saudi Arabian politicians after execution of Nimr al-Nimr. The Independent. Recuperado de http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/nimr-al-nimrexecution-saudi-arabian-embassy-in-tehranattacked-by-protesters-a6794271.html
The Soufan Group (2015). Foreign Fighters: An Updated Assessment of the Flow of Foreign Fighters into Syria and Iraq. New York.
WikiLeaks (2008). Saudi King Abdullah and senior princes on saudi policy toward Iraq. Recuperado de https://wikileaks.org/plusd/cables/08RIYADH649_a.html
World Atlas (2017). The world’s largest oil reserves by country. Recuperado de http://www.worldatlas.com/articles/the-world-s-largest-oil-reserves-bycountry. html
Zarif, M. J. (2016). Mohammad Javad Zarif: Let us rid the world of wahhabism. The New York Times. Recuperado de https://www.nytimes.com/2016/09/14/opinion/mohammad-javadzarif-let-us-rid-the-world-of-wahhabism.html
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spelling Moya Mena, Sergio I.9a13f739-cc16-49d1-b3cc-b4972292c5652018-05-08 00:00:002022-09-08T13:48:11Z2018-05-08 00:00:002022-09-08T13:48:11Z2018-05-08La rivalidad entre Arabia Saudí y la República Islámica de Irán conforma una de las características más significativas del panorama político de Medio Oriente. Durante muchos años, estos dos países han luchado por el poder y la influencia regional. Este artículo analiza esa relación de competencia. En primer lugar, se describen los antecedentes históricos de la relación entre los dos países. En segundo lugar, se consideran los factores geopolíticos que dan forma a la rivalidad entre saudíes e iraníes y, posteriormente, se analizan los principales escenarios geográficos de confrontación, las narrativas religiosas enfrentadas, así como las capacidades y la vulnerabilidad económica y militar de ambos países. Finalmente, el artículo plantea una consideración hipotética sobre un conflicto militar entre ambos países. El artículo demuestra que –hasta el momento– la disputa por el poder y la influencia regional favorece los intereses de Irán; sin embargo, dada la naturaleza de las alianzas regionales y extrarregionales, una escalada del conflicto al ámbito militar no favorecería los intereses de Teherán.The rivalry between Saudi Arabia and the Islamic Republic of Iran is one of the most significant features of the contemporary Middle East. For many years, these two countries have fought for regional power and influence. This article analyzes this relationship of competition by first, describing the historical background of the relationship between the two countries. Secondly, the paper analyzes the geopolitical factors that shape the rivalry between Saudis and Iranians, and later, the main geographic confrontation scenarios, the rival religious narratives, as well as the economic and military capacities and vulnerabilities of both countries are analyzed. Finally, the article raises a hypothetical consideration of a military conflict between the two countries. The article demonstrates that -so far- the dispute over power and regional influence favors Iran’s interests; however, given the nature of regional and extra-regional alliances, an escalation of the conflict to the military level would not favor the interests of Tehran.application/pdftext/htmlapplication/xml10.18601/16577558.n27.042346-21321657-7558https://bdigital.uexternado.edu.co/handle/001/8466https://doi.org/10.18601/16577558.n27.04spaFacultad de Finanzas, Gobierno y Relaciones Internacionaleshttps://revistas.uexternado.edu.co/index.php/oasis/article/download/5327/6509https://revistas.uexternado.edu.co/index.php/oasis/article/download/5327/6691https://revistas.uexternado.edu.co/index.php/oasis/article/download/5327/8982Núm. 27 , Año 2018 : Enero-Junio662747OasisAl Arabiya (2012). Saudi foreign minister says supporting Syrian opposition is a ‘duty’. Recuperado de https://english.alarabiya.net/articles/2012/03/31/204429.htmlAlami, M. (2016). Will Gulf sanctions impact Lebanon’s banking sector? Al Monitor. Recuperado de http://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/zh/originals/2016/03/lebanon-gcc-decision-bankingsector.htmlAlgar, H. (2002). Wahhabism: A critical essay. New York: Islamic Publications Interational.al-Rasheed, M. (2003). Historia de Arabia Saudí. Madrid: Cambridge University Press.al-Saud, F. b S. (2003). Iran, Saudi Arabia and the Gulf Power Politics in Transition 1968-1971. London: I. B. Tauris.Álvarez-Ossorio, I. (2016). Siria: revolución, sectarismo y yihad. Madrid: Catarata.Baer, R. (2004). Sleeping with the Devil: How Washington Sold Our Soul for Saudi Crude. New York: Three Rivers Press.Black, I. (2015). Iran’s advances create alarm in Saudi Arabia and the Gulf. The Guardian. Recuperado de https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/mar/13/irans-advances-create-alarm-in-saudiarabia-and-the-gulfBowen, W. H. (2008) The History of Saudi Arabia. Westport: Greenwood Press.CIA (2017). CIA World Fact Book. Recuperado de https:// www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-worldfactbook/rankorder/2253rank.htmlCordesman, A. H. (2004). The Military Balance in the Middle East. London. Praeger.Dawn (2016). Saudi Arabia’s grand mufti says Iranians are ‘not Muslims’. Recuperado de https://www.dawn.com/news/1282493El Khoury, B. (2017). Michel Aoun’s Double Game. The Cairo Review of Global Affairs. Recuperado de https://www.thecairoreview.com/tahrir-forum/michel-aouns-double-game/Fouche, G. (2017). Iran says Saudi supports militants on its turf after attacks. Reuters. Recuperado de https://www.reuters.com/article/us-gulf-qatarsaudi-iran-idUSKBN1941CJFurtig, H. (2006). Iran’s Rivalry with Saudi Arabia Between the Gulf Wars. Durham Durham Middle East Monographs.Gause, G. (2002). The foreign policy of Saudi Arabia. En Hinnebusch, Raymond y Ehteshami, Anoushiravan (eds.). The Foreign Policies of Middle East States. Boulder: Lynne Rienner.Gause, G. (2016). The future of U.S.-Saudi relations. Foreign Affairs, 95.Ghitis, F. (2017). Is the diplomatic tide shifting in the rivalry between Saudi Arabia and Iran? World Politics Review. Recuperado de: http://www.worldpoliticsreview.com/articles/22111/is-thediplomatic-tide-shifting-in-the-rivalry-betweensaudi-arabia-and-iranGoodarzi, J. M. (2013). Syria and Iran: Alliance cooperation in a changing regional environment. Ortadoğu Etütleri, 4 (2).Goodarzi, J. M. (2009). Syria and Iran: Diplomatic alliance and power politics in the Middle East. London: I. B. Tauris.Halliday, F. (1981). Irán: dictadura y desarrollo. México: Fondo de Cultura Económica.Hearst, D. (2014). Saudi Crapshoot in Yemen. Huffington Post. Recuperado de http://www.huffingtonpost.com/david-hearst/saudi-high-risk-betin-ye_b_5895984.htmlHussain, M. (2016). Saudi intervention in Yemen and its impact on Saudi’s economy. Foreign Policy News. Recuperado de http://foreignpolicynews.org/2016/12/11/saudi-intervention-yemenimpact-saudis-economy/Iranian Students News Agency (ISNA) (2015). ذوفن تمظع هب شتاراهظا رد وهایناتن:یسنوی تسا هدرک فارتعا ناریا . Recuperado de http://www.isna.ir/news/ -یسنوی/ 93121709862 -ناریا-ذوفن-تمظع-هب-شتاراهظا-رد-وهایناتن تسا-هدرک-فارتعاJavad Zarif, M. (2016). Let us rid the world of wahhabism. The New York Times. Recuperado de https://www.nytimes.com/2016/09/14/opinion/mohammad-javad-zarif-let-us-rid-the-world-ofwahhabism.htmlKeynoush, B. (2016). Saudi Arabia and Iran: Friends or foes? London: Palgrave Macmillan.Khalkhali, A. M. (2017). Riyadh has no intention of reconciliation. Iran Diplomacy. Recuperado de http://irdiplomacy.ir/en/page/1960998/Riyadh+Has+No+Intention+of+Reconciliation.htmlKhomeini, R. (1987). Excerpts from khomeini speeches. The New York Times. Recuperado de http://www.nytimes.com/1987/08/04/world/excerpts-fromkhomeini- speeches.htmlKhomeini, R. (1989). Imam Khomeini’s Last Will and Testament. Recuperado de https://www.al-islam.org/printpdf/book/export/html/39086Liebl, V. (2012). Oil war: Iran & the military balance in the Persian Gulf. Modern War, 2.Lynch, M. (2015). Obama and the Middle East. Foreign Affairs, 94.Mabon, S. (2013). Saudi Arabia & Iran: Soft Power Rivalry in the Middle East. London: I. B. Tauris.Matthiesen, T. (2013). Sectarian Gulf: Bahrain, Saudi Arabia, and the Arab Spring That Wasn’t. Stanford: Stanford University Press.NBCnews (2008). Lebanon unity deal gives Hezbollah veto power. NBCnews. Recuperado de http://www.nbcnews.com/id/25637594/ns/world_news-mideast_n_africa/t/lebanon-unity-dealgives-hezbollah-veto-power/Reuters (2017). Iran minister warns Saudi Arabia after ‘battle’ comments: Tasnim. Reuters. Recuperado de http://www.reuters.com/article/us-iran-saudiminister-idUSKBN1830Y7Sahimi, M. (2009). Who supports Jundallah? Recuperado de http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/tehranbureau/2009/10/jundallah.html Schneider, H. (2001). Saudi pact with Iran is sign of growing trust. The Washington Post. Recuperado de https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/2001/04/17/saudi-pact-with-iran-is-signof-growing-trust/fbdde133-8ef9-48d2-9deb-5393b7f314d4/?utm_term=.468b5c105201Shanahan, R. (2016). La lucha con Irán por el liderazgo regional: Siria y la guerra en Yemen como escenarios. Vanguardia Dossier, 61.Sputnik News (2016). Saudi Arabian Foreign Minister accuses iraqi shiite militia of mass killings. Recuperado de https://sputniknews.com/middleeast/201612271049020235-saudi-accuseiraq-militia/Tehran Times (2016). Velayati says he is confident Saudi Arabia will face military defeat in Yemen. Recuperado de http://www.tehrantimes.com/news/251962/Velayati-says-he-is-confident-Saudi-Arabia-will-face-militaryTerril, W. A. (2011). The Saudi-Iranian Rivalry and the Future of Middle East Security. Washington D.C. Strategic Studies Institute.Tehran Times. (2017). Kerry reveals certain states’ call for bombing Iran. Recuperado de http://www.tehrantimes.com/news/414281/Kerry-revealscertain-states-call-for-bombing-Iran.The Independent (2016). Iranian Supreme Leader vows ‘divine vengeance’ on Saudi Arabian politicians after execution of Nimr al-Nimr. The Independent. Recuperado de http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/nimr-al-nimrexecution-saudi-arabian-embassy-in-tehranattacked-by-protesters-a6794271.htmlThe Soufan Group (2015). Foreign Fighters: An Updated Assessment of the Flow of Foreign Fighters into Syria and Iraq. New York.WikiLeaks (2008). Saudi King Abdullah and senior princes on saudi policy toward Iraq. Recuperado de https://wikileaks.org/plusd/cables/08RIYADH649_a.htmlWorld Atlas (2017). The world’s largest oil reserves by country. Recuperado de http://www.worldatlas.com/articles/the-world-s-largest-oil-reserves-bycountry. htmlZarif, M. J. (2016). Mohammad Javad Zarif: Let us rid the world of wahhabism. The New York Times. Recuperado de https://www.nytimes.com/2016/09/14/opinion/mohammad-javadzarif-let-us-rid-the-world-of-wahhabism.htmlinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/https://revistas.uexternado.edu.co/index.php/oasis/article/view/5327IranSaudi Arabiaforeign policygeopoliticssectarianism.IránArabia Saudípolítica exteriorgeopolíticasectarismo.Irán y Arabia Saudí, rivalidades geopolíticas y escenarios de confrontaciónIran and Saudi Arabia, Geopolitical Rivalries and Confrontation ScenariosArtículo de revistahttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85Textinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articleJournal articlehttp://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/ARTREFinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionPublicationOREORE.xmltext/xml2566https://bdigital.uexternado.edu.co/bitstreams/4fc81d24-06af-427d-92b8-35acd0d3d8de/download3a90e22d31379fdd5e1a178ad248b6c9MD51001/8466oai:bdigital.uexternado.edu.co:001/84662023-08-14 15:25:48.714https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/https://bdigital.uexternado.edu.coUniversidad Externado de Colombiametabiblioteca@metabiblioteca.org

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