Greater autonomy through closer relations with China? Revisiting the Turkey-China engagement

China se ha convertido en un importante proveedor de recursos para los países en desarrollo, abarcando capital, conocimientos técnicos y experiencias. China también ha trabajado activamente para fortalecer los lazos diplomáticos con las regiones en desarrollo desde principios de la década de 2000. E...

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Autores:: Tekdal, Veysel

Tipo de recurso:: Article of journal

Fecha de publicación:: 2023

Institución:: Universidad Externado de Colombia

Repositorio:: Biblioteca Digital Universidad Externado de Colombia

Idioma:: spa

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repository_id_str
dc.title.spa.fl_str_mv	Greater autonomy through closer relations with China? Revisiting the Turkey-China engagement
dc.title.translated.eng.fl_str_mv	Greater autonomy through closer relations with China? Revisiting the Turkey-China engagement
title	Greater autonomy through closer relations with China? Revisiting the Turkey-China engagement
spellingShingle	Greater autonomy through closer relations with China? Revisiting the Turkey-China engagement Turkey; China; autonomy; power; structural power Turquía; China; autonomía; poder; poder estructural
title_short	Greater autonomy through closer relations with China? Revisiting the Turkey-China engagement
title_full	Greater autonomy through closer relations with China? Revisiting the Turkey-China engagement
title_fullStr	Greater autonomy through closer relations with China? Revisiting the Turkey-China engagement
title_full_unstemmed	Greater autonomy through closer relations with China? Revisiting the Turkey-China engagement
title_sort	Greater autonomy through closer relations with China? Revisiting the Turkey-China engagement
dc.creator.fl_str_mv	Tekdal, Veysel
dc.contributor.author.spa.fl_str_mv	Tekdal, Veysel
dc.subject.eng.fl_str_mv	Turkey; China; autonomy; power; structural power
topic	Turkey; China; autonomy; power; structural power Turquía; China; autonomía; poder; poder estructural
dc.subject.spa.fl_str_mv	Turquía; China; autonomía; poder; poder estructural
description	China se ha convertido en un importante proveedor de recursos para los países en desarrollo, abarcando capital, conocimientos técnicos y experiencias. China también ha trabajado activamente para fortalecer los lazos diplomáticos con las regiones en desarrollo desde principios de la década de 2000. En este contexto, los gobiernos de muchos países en desarrollo han tomado medidas para incorporar a China como un factor importante en sus consideraciones geopolíticas y geoeconómicas. Bajo el gobierno del Partido Justicia y Desarrollo (Adalet ve Kalkınma Partisi, AKP), Turquía también ha buscado fomentar las relaciones con China, particularmente desde principios de la década de 2010. Esta búsqueda se ha visto impulsada aún más por las tensas relaciones de Ankara con Estados Unidos y la Unión Europea. El liderazgo político turco veía a China como un socio potencialmente crucial que podría mejorar la autonomía del país en relación con Occidente. Si bien esta expectativa no se ha materializado del todo hasta ahora, hay un debate en curso sobre hasta qué punto China puede ser potencialmente un actor transformador en la posición de Turquía dentro del orden internacional. Este artículo contribuye a este debate al ubicar la relación entre Turquía y China en un contexto más amplio del poder y la influencia de China en el mundo en desarrollo. El documento sugiere que es probable que el potencial de cooperación de Turquía con China siga siendo relativamente limitado en el futuro previsible. Esto no se debe solo a los vínculos profundamente arraigados de Turquía con Occidente, sino también a la naturaleza del poder global de China, que es más parcial y menos profunda de lo que comúnmente se supone.
publishDate	2023
dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv	2023-12-01T15:28:38Z 2024-06-05T20:05:04Z
dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv	2023-12-01T15:28:38Z 2024-06-05T20:05:04Z
dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv	2023-12-01
dc.type.spa.fl_str_mv	Artículo de revista
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dc.identifier.doi.none.fl_str_mv	10.18601/16577558.n39.07
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dc.relation.bitstream.none.fl_str_mv	https://revistas.uexternado.edu.co/index.php/oasis/article/download/9095/15872 https://revistas.uexternado.edu.co/index.php/oasis/article/download/9095/15870 https://revistas.uexternado.edu.co/index.php/oasis/article/download/9095/15871
dc.relation.citationedition.spa.fl_str_mv	Núm. 39 , Año 2024 : Enero-Junio
dc.relation.citationendpage.none.fl_str_mv	120
dc.relation.citationissue.spa.fl_str_mv	39
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dc.relation.references.spa.fl_str_mv	AIIB (2023). Our Projects. https://www.aiib.org/en/projects/list/year/All/member/T%C3%BCrkiye/sector/All/financing_type/All/status/Approved Alemdaroğlu, A., & Tepe, S. (2020). Erdogan Is Turning Turkey into a Chinese Client State. https://foreignpolicy.com/2020/09/16/erdogan-is-turningturkey-into-a-chinese-client-state/ Altunışık, M. B. (2022). Change in Turkey’s foreing policy: Global shifts and domestic politics. In B.J.C. McKercher (Ed.), Routledge Handbook of Diplomacy and Statecraft (pp.171-181). Routledge. Altunışık, M. B. (2023). The trajectory of a modified middle power: an attempt to make sense of Turkey’s foreign policy in its centennial. Turkish Studies, 24(3-4), 658-672. Atlı, A. (2019). Turkey’s economic expectations from a rising China. In E. Erşen, & S. Köstem (Eds.) Turkey’s Pivot to Eurasia (pp. 79-92). Routledge. Atlı, A., & Özbelli, B. (2023). Turkey between the east and the west: Political preference or pragmatism? Marmara Universitesi Siyasal Bilimler Dergisi, 11(2), 394-411. Breslin, S. (2015). China’s global power/China as a global power. In J.H. Chung (Ed.), Assessing China’s power (pp. 231-250). Palgrave Macmillan US. Cao, D. (2021). Xi calls for expansion of global partnerships. China Daily. https://www.chinadaily.com.cn/a/201909/09/WS5d754883a310cf3e-3556a5bd.html Çelik, E. (2017). Turkish Deputy PM to meet investors in China. Yeni Şafak. https://www.yenisafak.com/en/economy/turkish-deputy-pm-to-meetinvestors-in-china-2890577 China Global Investment Tracker. (2023). American Enterprise Institute. https://www.aei.org/chinaglobal-investment-tracker/ Çolakoğlu, S. (2019). China’s Belt and Road Initiative and Turkey’s Middle Corridor: A Question of Compatibility. https://www.mei.edu/publications/chinas-belt-and-road-initiative-andturkeys-middle-corridor-question-compatibility#_ftnref1 de Renzio, P., & Seifert, J. (2014). South–South cooperation and the future of development assistance: mapping actors and options. Third World Quarterly, 35(10), 1860-1875. Demir, D. (2023). Turkey–China partnership: Is Beijing’s Belt and Road Initiative not delivering enough? Global Voices. https://globalvoices.org/2023/03/15/turkey-china-partnership-isbeijings-belt-and-road-initiative-not-deliveringenough/ Doshi, R. (2021). The long game: China’s grand strategy to displace American order. Oxford University Press. Eisenman, J., & Heginbotham, E. (2018). China’s evolving power, position, and influence in the developing world. In J. Eisenman, & E. Heginbotham (Eds.), China steps out: Beijing’s major power engagement with the developing world (pp.223-256). Routledge. Eliküçük Yıldırım, N. (2021). Rigid boundaries between Turkey and China: Is political mobility possible? Turkish Studies, 22(1), 28-48. Erdoğan, R.T. (2017). A New Era will be Heralded in Our Region Based on Stability and Prosperity. Presidency of the Republic of Turkiye. https://www.tccb.gov.tr/en/news/542/75199/a-new-era-willbe-heralded-in-our-region-based-on-stabilityand-prosperity Erdoğan, R. T. (2019). Turkey, China share a vision for future. Global Times. https://www.globaltimes.cn/content/1156357.shtml Ergenç, C., & Göçer, D. (2022). BRI Engagement and state transformation in the Middle East: A case study on Turkey. In D. Pavlicevic, & N. Talmacs (Eds.), The China Question: Contestations and Adaptations (pp. 93-112). Springer Nature Singapore. Ergenç, C., & Göçer, D. (2023). China’s Response to Türkiye’s Volatile Authoritarianism. Carnegie Endowment. https://carnegieendowment.org/2023/05/05/china-s-response-to-t-rkiye-svolatile-authoritarianism-pub-89690 Ergin, S. (2023). Çin ile ilişkiler neden yavaşlamaya girdi? Hurriyet. https://www.hurriyet.com.tr/yazarlar/sedat-ergin/cin-ile-iliskiler-neden-yavaslamayagirdi-42199470 Fallon, T. (2015). The new silk road: Xi Jinping’s grand strategy for Eurasia. American Foreign Policy Interests, 37(3), 140-147. Gilley, B., & O’Neil, A. (2014). China’s rise through the prism of middle powers. In B. Gilley, & A. O’Neil (Eds.), Middle powers and the rise of China (pp.1-22). Georgetown University Press. Global Development Policy Center. (2023). China’s Overseas Development Finance Database. http://www.bu.edu/gdp/chinas-overseas-developmentfinance/. Goldman, D. P. (2018). China will buy Turkey on the cheap. Asia Times. https://asiatimes.com/2018/08/china-will-buy-turkey-on-thecheap/ Goodfellow, T., & Huang, Z. (2021). Contingent infrastructure and the dilution of ‘Chineseness’: Reframing roads and rail in Kampala and Addis Ababa. Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space, 53(4), 655-674. Güneylioğlu, M. (2022). The Turkey-China rapprochement in the context of the BRI: A geoeconomic perspective. Australian Journal of International Affairs, 76(5), 546-574. Gürel, B., & Kozluca, M. (2022). Chinese investment in Turkey: The Belt and Road Initiative, rising expectations and ground realities. European Review, 30(6), 806-834. Hung, H. F. (2022). Clash of Empires: From’ Chimerica’ to the ‘New Cold War’. Cambridge University Press. International Service for Human Rights. (2022). China must release Uyghurs, end grave violations, rules UN committee. https://ishr.ch/latest-updates/china-must-release-uyghurs-end-grave-violations-rules-un-committee/ Jenkins, R. (2019). How China is Reshaping the Global Economy: Development Impacts in Africa and Latin America. Oxford University Press. Jones, L., & Zeng, J. (2019). Understanding China’s ‘Belt and Road Initiative’: beyond ‘grand strategy’ to a state transformation analysis. Third World Quarterly, 40(8), 1415-1439. Karakaya, K., & Kandermir, A. (2019). Turkey Got a $1 Billion Foreign Cash Boost From China in June. Bloomberg. https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-08-09/turkey-got-1-billionfrom-china-swap-in-june-boost-to-reserves?in_source=embedded-checkout-banner Kirshner, J. (2014). American power after the financial crisis. Cornell University Press. Kitchen, N., & Cox, M. (2019). Power, structural power, and American decline. Cambridge Review of International Affairs, 32(6), 734-752. Köstem, S. (2019). Turkey and the Asian infrastructure investment bank: Economic pragmatism meets geopolitics. Global Policy, 10(4), 645-652. Kraemer, R. (2021). Courting danger, Erdoğan ramps up reliance on China. Middle East Institute. https://www.mei.edu/publications/courting-dangererdogan-ramps-reliance-china Kutlay, M., & Öniş, Z. (2021). Turkish foreign policy in a post-western order: Strategic autonomy or new forms of dependence? International Affairs, 97(4), 1085-1104. Lee, C. K. (2022). Global China at 20: Why, how and so what? The China Quarterly, 250, 313-331. Li, Q., & Ye, M. (2019). China’s emerging partnership network: what, who, where, when and why. International Trade, Politics and Development, 3(2), 66-81. Markey, D. (2020). China’s western horizon: Beijing and the new geopolitics of Eurasia. Oxford University Press. Murphy, D. C. (2022). China’s Rise in the Global South: The Middle East, Africa, and Beijing’s Alternative World Order. Stanford University Press. Office of the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights. (2022). OHCHR Assessment of human rights concerns in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region. People’s Republic of China. https://www.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/documents/countries/2022-08-31/22-08-31-final-assesment.pdf Oğuzlu, H. T. (2020). Turkish foreign policy in a changing world order. All Azimuth: A Journal of Foreign Policy and Peace, 9(1), 127-139. Öniş, Z., & Yalikun, M. (2021). Emerging partnership in a post-Western world? The political economy of China-Turkey relations. Southeast European and Black Sea Studies, 21(4), 507-529. Özşahin, M. C., Donelli, F., & Gasco, R. (2022). China–Turkey Relations from the Perspective of Neoclassical Realism. Contemporary Review of the Middle East, 9(2), 218-239. Ray, R., & Simmons, B. A. (2020). Tracking China’s Overseas Development Finance. Boston University Global Development Policy Center. https://www.bu.edu/gdp/2020/12/07/tracking-chinasoverseas-development-finance/ Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Foreign Affairs. (2016). Press Release Regarding the Support Visit of Mr. Zhang Ming, Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs of the People’s Republic of China, to Turkey. https://www.mfa.gov.tr/no_-176_-3-august-2016_-pressrelease-regarding-the-support-visit-of-mr_-zhangming_-deputy-minister-of-foreign-affairs-of-thepeople_s-republic-of-china_-to-turkey.en.mfa Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Foreign Affairs. (n.d.). Türkiye’s Multilateral Transportation Policy. https://www.mfa.gov.tr/turkey_s-multilateraltransportation-policy.en.mfa Reuters. (2016). Fed up with EU, Erdogan says Turkey could join Shanghai bloc. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-turkey-europe-erdogan-idUSKBN13F0CY Roberts, C., Armijo, L. E., & Katada, S. N. (2017). The BRICS and Collective Financial Statecraft. Oxford University Press. Rolland, N. (2020). China’s vision for a new world order. National Bureau of Asian Research. Shambaugh, D. (2013). China Goes Global: The Partial Power. Oxford University Press. Shambaugh, D. (2018). US-China rivalry in Southeast Asia: Power shift or competitive coexistence? International Security, 42(4), 85-127. Shambaugh, D. (2020). China’s long march to global power. In D. Shambaugh (Ed.) China and the World (pp. 3-21). Oxford University Press. Shichor, Y. (2014). Turkey and China in the post-Cold War world: Great expectations. In B. Gilley, &.A. O’Neil (Eds.), Middle powers and the rise of China (pp. 192-212). Georgetown University Press. Şimşek, Ö. F., & Ayvaz, E. (2021). Türkiye’den Çin›e gidecek6’ncı ve 7’nci ihracat trenleri Kocaeli’den yolaçıktı. Anadolu Ajansı. https://www.aa.com.tr/tr/ekonomi/turkiyeden-cine-gidecek-6nci-ve-7nciihracat-trenleri-kocaeliden-yola-cikti/2252574 Strange, S. (1994). States and markets (2nd ed.). Continuum. Tekdal, V. (2019). Çin’in Kuşak ve Yol Girişimi ve Türkiye. In M. Yağcı, & C. Bakır (Eds.), Cin Bilmecesi Cin›in Ekonomik Yukselişi, Uluslararası İlişkilerde Donuşum ve Turkiye (pp. 125-142). Koç Üniversitesi Yayınları. Tekdal, V. (2022). Taking the power shift seriously: China and the transformation of power relations in development cooperation. Australian Journal of International Affairs, 76(5), 596-616. Turton, S (2020). Beijing-friendly Cambodia and Laos pushed out to ASEAN’s fringe. Nikkei Asia. https://asia.nikkei.com/Politics/Internationalrelations/Beijing-friendly-Cambodia-and-Laospushed-out-to-ASEAN-s-fringe2 Üngör, Ç. (2019). Heading towards the East? Sino- Turkish relations after the July 15 coup attempt. In E. Erşen, & S. Köstem (Eds.), Turkey’s Pivot to Eurasia (pp. 64-78). Routledge. Üngör, Ç. (2023). Chinese vaccine diplomacy in the eastern mediterranean: Continuities and rupture in Beijing’s soft power prospects. Contemporary Review of the Middle East, 10(1), 62-83. Wang, B., & Li, X. (2017). From world factory to world investor: the new way of China integrating into the world. China Economic Journal, 10(2), 175- 193. Wang, J., & Sampson, M. (2021). China’s approach to global economic governance: From the WTO to the AIIB. Chatham House and Leiden Asia Centre, Briefing Paper. WITS. (n.d.). Turkey exports by country 2021. https://wits.worldbank.org/CountryProfile/en/Country/TUR/Year/2021/TradeFlow/Export World Bank. (n.d.). GDP (current US$) - United States, China, World. https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.CD?locations=US-CN-1W Ye, M. (2020). The Belt Road and beyond: state-mobilized globalization in China: 1998–2018. Cambridge University Press. Yu, H. (2021). China-Turkey strategic docking and cooperation under the belt and road Initiative: Progress, Challenges and Prospects. Asian Journal of Middle Eastern and Islamic Studies, 15(2), 254-273.
dc.rights.spa.fl_str_mv	Veysel Tekdal - 2023
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spelling	Tekdal, Veysel2023-12-01T15:28:38Z2024-06-05T20:05:04Z2023-12-01T15:28:38Z2024-06-05T20:05:04Z2023-12-01China se ha convertido en un importante proveedor de recursos para los países en desarrollo, abarcando capital, conocimientos técnicos y experiencias. China también ha trabajado activamente para fortalecer los lazos diplomáticos con las regiones en desarrollo desde principios de la década de 2000. En este contexto, los gobiernos de muchos países en desarrollo han tomado medidas para incorporar a China como un factor importante en sus consideraciones geopolíticas y geoeconómicas. Bajo el gobierno del Partido Justicia y Desarrollo (Adalet ve Kalkınma Partisi, AKP), Turquía también ha buscado fomentar las relaciones con China, particularmente desde principios de la década de 2010. Esta búsqueda se ha visto impulsada aún más por las tensas relaciones de Ankara con Estados Unidos y la Unión Europea. El liderazgo político turco veía a China como un socio potencialmente crucial que podría mejorar la autonomía del país en relación con Occidente. Si bien esta expectativa no se ha materializado del todo hasta ahora, hay un debate en curso sobre hasta qué punto China puede ser potencialmente un actor transformador en la posición de Turquía dentro del orden internacional. Este artículo contribuye a este debate al ubicar la relación entre Turquía y China en un contexto más amplio del poder y la influencia de China en el mundo en desarrollo. El documento sugiere que es probable que el potencial de cooperación de Turquía con China siga siendo relativamente limitado en el futuro previsible. Esto no se debe solo a los vínculos profundamente arraigados de Turquía con Occidente, sino también a la naturaleza del poder global de China, que es más parcial y menos profunda de lo que comúnmente se supone.China has evolved into an important provider of resources for developing countries, encompassing capital, know-how and expertise. China has also actively worked to strengthen diplomatic ties with developing regions since the early 2000s. Against this backdrop, the governments in many developing countries have moved to incorporate China as a significant factor in their geopolitical and geoeconomic considerations. Under the rule of the Justice and Development Party (Adalet ve Kalkınma Partisi, AKP), Turkey has also sought to foster relations with China, particularly since the early 2010s. This pursuit has been further triggered by Ankara’s strained relations with the United States and the European Union. Turkish political leadership envisions China as a potentially crucial partner that could enhance the country’s autonomy in relation to the West. While this expectation has not entirely materialized so far, there is an ongoing debate regarding the extent to which China can potentially be a transformative actor in Turkey’s position within the international order. This paper contributes to this debate by locating Turkey-China engagement within a broader context of China’s power and influence in the developing world. The paper suggests that the potential for Turkey’s cooperation with China is likely to remain relatively limited for the foreseeable future. This is not only due to Turkey’s deeply rooted ties with the West, but also because of the nature of China’s global power, which is more partial and not as deep as commonly assumed.text/xmlapplication/pdftext/html10.18601/16577558.n39.072346-21321657-7558https://bdigital.uexternado.edu.co/handle/001/15184https://doi.org/10.18601/16577558.n39.07spaFacultad de Finanzas, Gobierno y Relaciones Internacionaleshttps://revistas.uexternado.edu.co/index.php/oasis/article/download/9095/15872https://revistas.uexternado.edu.co/index.php/oasis/article/download/9095/15870https://revistas.uexternado.edu.co/index.php/oasis/article/download/9095/15871Núm. 39 , Año 2024 : Enero-Junio12039103OasisAIIB (2023). Our Projects. https://www.aiib.org/en/projects/list/year/All/member/T%C3%BCrkiye/sector/All/financing_type/All/status/ApprovedAlemdaroğlu, A., & Tepe, S. (2020). Erdogan Is Turning Turkey into a Chinese Client State. https://foreignpolicy.com/2020/09/16/erdogan-is-turningturkey-into-a-chinese-client-state/Altunışık, M. B. (2022). Change in Turkey’s foreing policy: Global shifts and domestic politics. In B.J.C. McKercher (Ed.), Routledge Handbook of Diplomacy and Statecraft (pp.171-181). Routledge.Altunışık, M. B. (2023). The trajectory of a modified middle power: an attempt to make sense of Turkey’s foreign policy in its centennial. Turkish Studies, 24(3-4), 658-672.Atlı, A. (2019). Turkey’s economic expectations from a rising China. In E. Erşen, & S. Köstem (Eds.) Turkey’s Pivot to Eurasia (pp. 79-92). Routledge.Atlı, A., & Özbelli, B. (2023). Turkey between the east and the west: Political preference or pragmatism? Marmara Universitesi Siyasal Bilimler Dergisi, 11(2), 394-411.Breslin, S. (2015). China’s global power/China as a global power. In J.H. Chung (Ed.), Assessing China’s power (pp. 231-250). Palgrave Macmillan US.Cao, D. (2021). Xi calls for expansion of global partnerships. China Daily. https://www.chinadaily.com.cn/a/201909/09/WS5d754883a310cf3e-3556a5bd.htmlÇelik, E. (2017). Turkish Deputy PM to meet investors in China. Yeni Şafak. https://www.yenisafak.com/en/economy/turkish-deputy-pm-to-meetinvestors-in-china-2890577China Global Investment Tracker. (2023). American Enterprise Institute. https://www.aei.org/chinaglobal-investment-tracker/Çolakoğlu, S. (2019). China’s Belt and Road Initiative and Turkey’s Middle Corridor: A Question of Compatibility. https://www.mei.edu/publications/chinas-belt-and-road-initiative-andturkeys-middle-corridor-question-compatibility#_ftnref1de Renzio, P., & Seifert, J. (2014). South–South cooperation and the future of development assistance: mapping actors and options. Third World Quarterly, 35(10), 1860-1875.Demir, D. (2023). Turkey–China partnership: Is Beijing’s Belt and Road Initiative not delivering enough? 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Asian Journal of Middle Eastern and Islamic Studies, 15(2), 254-273.Veysel Tekdal - 2023info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0.http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0https://revistas.uexternado.edu.co/index.php/oasis/article/view/9095Turkey;China;autonomy;power;structural powerTurquía;China;autonomía;poder;poder estructuralGreater autonomy through closer relations with China? Revisiting the Turkey-China engagementGreater autonomy through closer relations with China? Revisiting the Turkey-China engagementArtículo de revistahttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85Textinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articleJournal articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionPublicationOREORE.xmltext/xml2587https://bdigital.uexternado.edu.co/bitstreams/d3830c7f-411d-47eb-948d-3adf33004476/download3b2fac786f3f75f38cf29b9b7e25ad39MD51001/15184oai:bdigital.uexternado.edu.co:001/151842024-06-05 15:05:04.956http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0Veysel Tekdal - 2023https://bdigital.uexternado.edu.coUniversidad Externado de Colombiametabiblioteca@metabiblioteca.org

Greater autonomy through closer relations with China? Revisiting the Turkey-China engagement

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