División social por estratos, materialismo y la situación de los perros en Colombia.

This paper examines a series of variables that influence the preference of purebred dogs in Colombia, and the role of social stratification regarding this matter. A quanti-tative methodology was elaborated using a structured questionnaire as data recollec-tion tool. The sample was made up of dog own...

Full description

Autores:: Luna Cortés, Gonzalo

Tipo de recurso:: Article of investigation

Fecha de publicación:: 2019

Institución:: Universidad Sergio Arboleda

Repositorio:: Repositorio U. Sergio Arboleda

Idioma:: spa

id	sergioarb2_de3d4379aefa625a9aed5bc840418a6a
oai_identifier_str	oai:repository.usergioarboleda.edu.co:11232/1372
network_acronym_str	sergioarb2
network_name_str	Repositorio U. Sergio Arboleda
repository_id_str
dc.title.spa.fl_str_mv	División social por estratos, materialismo y la situación de los perros en Colombia.
dc.title.translated.eng.fl_str_mv	Social division by strata, materialism, and the situation of dogs in Colombia.
title	División social por estratos, materialismo y la situación de los perros en Colombia.
spellingShingle	División social por estratos, materialismo y la situación de los perros en Colombia. Perros - Aspectos sociales - Bogotá Razas de perros - Aspectos sociales - Bogotá Dogs - Social aspects - Bogotá Dog breeds - Social aspects - Bogotá dogs’ welfare social stratification system materialism bienestar de los perros estratificación social perros de raza Colombia Bogotá materialismo Colombia
title_short	División social por estratos, materialismo y la situación de los perros en Colombia.
title_full	División social por estratos, materialismo y la situación de los perros en Colombia.
title_fullStr	División social por estratos, materialismo y la situación de los perros en Colombia.
title_full_unstemmed	División social por estratos, materialismo y la situación de los perros en Colombia.
title_sort	División social por estratos, materialismo y la situación de los perros en Colombia.
dc.creator.fl_str_mv	Luna Cortés, Gonzalo
dc.contributor.author.spa.fl_str_mv	Luna Cortés, Gonzalo
dc.subject.lemb.spa.fl_str_mv	Perros - Aspectos sociales - Bogotá Razas de perros - Aspectos sociales - Bogotá
topic	Perros - Aspectos sociales - Bogotá Razas de perros - Aspectos sociales - Bogotá Dogs - Social aspects - Bogotá Dog breeds - Social aspects - Bogotá dogs’ welfare social stratification system materialism bienestar de los perros estratificación social perros de raza Colombia Bogotá materialismo Colombia
dc.subject.lemb.eng.fl_str_mv	Dogs - Social aspects - Bogotá Dog breeds - Social aspects - Bogotá
dc.subject.proposal.eng.fl_str_mv	dogs’ welfare social stratification system materialism
dc.subject.proposal.spa.fl_str_mv	bienestar de los perros estratificación social perros de raza Colombia Bogotá materialismo Colombia
description	This paper examines a series of variables that influence the preference of purebred dogs in Colombia, and the role of social stratification regarding this matter. A quanti-tative methodology was elaborated using a structured questionnaire as data recollec-tion tool. The sample was made up of dog owners in Bogotá, the capital of Colombia, where the fieldwork was conducted. Through the SEM methodology, invariance test and a multiple-group analysis, the results show that materialism influences the social perception about purebred dogs; the dogs of more materialistic owners show greater behavioral problems, which influences owners’ intention to abandon them. In most of the cases, these behaviors are less intense in citizens of middle or high strata than in those living in lower strata.
publishDate	2019
dc.date.issued.spa.fl_str_mv	2019-07-02
dc.date.accessioned.spa.fl_str_mv	2020-07-14T01:57:41Z
dc.date.available.spa.fl_str_mv	2020-07-14T01:57:41Z
dc.date.spa.fl_str_mv	2019
dc.type.coarversion.spa.fl_str_mv	http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85
dc.type.coar.eng.fl_str_mv	http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1
dc.type.redcol.eng.fl_str_mv	http://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/ART
dc.type.local.eng.fl_str_mv	artículo de revista
format	http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1
dc.identifier.citation.spa.fl_str_mv	Luna Cortés, Gonzalo. (2019). División social por estratos, materialismo y la situación de los perros en Colombia. Civilizar Ciencias Sociales y Humanas, 19(37), 55-68.
dc.identifier.issn.spa.fl_str_mv	1657-8953
dc.identifier.doi.eng.fl_str_mv	https://doi.org/10.22518/usergioa/jour/ccsh/2019.2/a03
dc.identifier.instname.spa.fl_str_mv	instname:Universidad Sergio Arboleda
dc.identifier.reponame.spa.fl_str_mv	reponame:Repositorio Institucional Universidad Sergio Arboleda
dc.identifier.repourl.*.fl_str_mv	repourl:https://repository.usergioarboleda.edu.co/
dc.identifier.url.eng.fl_str_mv	http://hdl.handle.net/11232/1372
identifier_str_mv	Luna Cortés, Gonzalo. (2019). División social por estratos, materialismo y la situación de los perros en Colombia. Civilizar Ciencias Sociales y Humanas, 19(37), 55-68. 1657-8953 instname:Universidad Sergio Arboleda reponame:Repositorio Institucional Universidad Sergio Arboleda repourl:https://repository.usergioarboleda.edu.co/
url	https://doi.org/10.22518/usergioa/jour/ccsh/2019.2/a03 http://hdl.handle.net/11232/1372
dc.language.iso.spa.fl_str_mv	spa
language	spa
dc.relation.ispartof.spa.fl_str_mv	Revista Civilizar Ciencias Sociales y Humanas; vol. 19, núm. 37 (2019)
dc.relation.references.eng.fl_str_mv	Agudelo-Flórez P., Castro B., Rojo-Ospina, R., y Henao-Villegas, S. (2012). Canine brucellosiss: Seroprevalence and risk factors in pets from eleven neighbourhoods in Medellin, Colombia. Revista de salud pública, 14(4), 1-8. Amaral, N. B., y Loken B. (2016). Viewing usage of counterfeit luxury goods: Social identity and social hierarchy effects on dilution and enhancement of genuine luxury brands. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 26(4), 483-495. doi: 10.1016/j.jcps.2016.02.004 Bagozzi, R. P., y Yi, Y. (1988). On the evaluation of structural equation models. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 16(1), 74-94. doi: 10.1007/BF02723327 Belk, R. W. (1985). Three scales to measure constructs related to materialism: reliability, validity, and relationships to measures of happiness. Advances in Consumer Research, 11, 291-297. Buckland, E. L., Corr, S. A., Abeyesinghe, S. M., y Wathes, C. M. (2014). Prioritisation of companion dog welfare issues using expert consensus. Animal Welfare, 23, 39-46. doi: 10.7120/09627286.23.1.039 Burroughs, J. E., y Rindfleisch, A. (2002). Materialism and Well-Being: A Conflicting Values Perspective. Journal of Consumer Research, 29(3), 348-370. Byrne, D. (1997). An overview (and underview) of research and theory within the attraction paradigm. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 14(3), 417-431. doi: 10.1177/0265407597143008 Carey, R. M., y Markus, H. R. (2016). Understanding consumer psychology in working-class contexts. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 26(4), 568-582. doi: 10.1016/j.jcps.2016.08.004 Dabholkar, P. A., y Bagozzi, R. P. (2002). An attitudinal model of technology-based self-service: Moderating effects of consumer traits and situational factors. Academy of Marketing Science, 30(3), 184-197. doi: 10.1177/0092070302303001 Deckop, J. R., Jurkiewicz, L. C., y Giacalone, R. A. (2010). Effects of materialism on work-related personal well-being. Human Relations, 63(7), 1007-1030. doi: 10.1177/0018726709353953 Dogan, V. (2015). The effect of materialism and proximity of clothing to self on the ratio of feeling younger: implications for the consumption experiences of older people in Turkey. International Journal of Consumer Studies, 39, 564-573. doi: 10.1111/ijcs.12196 Drentea, P. (2000). Age, debt and anxiety. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 41, 437-450. doi: 10.2307/2676296 Duh, H. I. (2015). Antecedents and Consequences of Ma-terialism: An Integrated Theoretical Framework. Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies, 7(1), 20-35. doi:10.22610/jebs.v7i1.560.g560 Durvasula, S., y Lysonsky, S. (2010). Money, money, money: How do attitudes toward money impact vanity and materialism? The case of young Chinese consumers. Journal of Consumer Marketing, 27(2), 169-179. doi: 10.1108/07363761011027268 Easterlin, R. A., y Crimmins, E. (1991). Private Materialism, Personal Self-Fulfillment, Family Life, and Public Interest: The Nature, Effects, and Causes of Recent Changes in the Values of American Youth. Public Opinion Quarterly, 55, 499-533. doi: 10.1086/269280 Ellingsen, K., Zanella, A.J., Bjerkas, E. y Indrebo, A. (2010). The Relationship between Empathy, Perception of Pain and Attitudes toward Pets among Norwegian Dog Owners. AnthrSozoös, 23(3), 231-243. Ergen, A., Baykan, B. G., y Turan, S. G. (2015). Effect of materialism and environmental knowledge on environmental consciousness among high school students: A study conducted in Istanbul province. International Journal of Human Sciences, 12(1), 511-527. doi: 10.2752/175303710X12750451258931 Farnworth, M. J., Blaszak, K., Hiby, E. F., y Waran, N. K. (2012). Incidence of dog bites and public attitudes towards dog care and management in Samoa. Animal Welfare, 21, 477-486. Recuperado de http://hdl.handle.net/10652/2278 Fornell, C., y Larcker, D. (1981). Evaluating structural equations models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18, 39-50. doi: 10.2307/3150979 Fraser, D., Weary, D. M., Pajor, E. A., y Milligan, B. N. (1997). A scientific conception of animal welfare that reflects ethical concerns. Animal Welfare, 6, 187-205. Recuperado de https://animalstudiesrepository.org/ethawel/1/ Gallo, L. C., Bogart, L. M., Vranceanu, A., y Matthews, K. A. (2005). Socioeconomic status, resources, psychological experiences, and emotional responses: A test of the reserve capacity model. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 88, 386-399. Recuperado de https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/20f1/00068e405e16d1fe8affba17b-6b63669a552.pdf Ger, G., y Belk, R. W. (1996). Cross-cultural differences in materialism. Journal of Economic Psychology, 17, 55-77. doi: 10.1016/0167-4870(95)00035-6 Harnish, R. J., y Bridges, K. (2014). Compulsive Buying: The Role of Irrational Beliefs, Materialism, and Narcissism. Journal Rational-Emotional Cognitive-Behavior Theory, publish online. doi: 10.1007/s10942-014-0197-0. Hatcher, L. (1994). A Step by Step Approach to Using the SAS System for Factor Analysis and Structural Equation Modeling. SAS Institute Inc, Cary. Hsu, Y., Liu, L., y Serpell, J. A. (2003). Dog Keeping in Taiwan: Its Contribution to the Problem of Free-Roaming Dogs. Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science, 6(1), 1-23. doi: 10.1207/S15327604JAWS0601_01 Inglehart, R. (1990). Culture shift in advanced industrial society. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. Karahanna, E., y Straub, D. W. (1999). The psychological origins of perceived usefulness and ease-of-use. Information and Management, 35(4), 237-250. doi: 10.1016/S0378-7206(98)00096-2 Kasser, T., y Ryan, R. M. (1993). A Dark Side of the Amer-ican Dream: Correlates of Financial Success as a Central Life Aspiration. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 65, 410-422. doi: 10.1016/S0378-7206(98)00096-2 Kilbourne, W. E., y LaForge M. C. (2010). Materialism and Its Relationship to Individual Values. Psychology & Marketing, 27(8), 780-798. doi: 10.1002/mar.20357 Kim, D., y Jang, S. (2014). Symbolic Consumption in Upscale Cafés: Examining Korean Gen Y Consumers’ Materialism, Conformity, Conspicuous Tendencies and Functional Qualities. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research, 38, 39-47. doi: 10.1177/1096348014525633 Kim, H. C., y Kramer, T. (2015). Do Materialists Prefer the “Brand-as-Servant”? The Interactive Effect of Anthropomorphized Brand Roles and Materialism on Consumer Responses. Journal of Consumer Research, 42(2), 284-299. doi: 10.1093/jcr/ucv015 King, T., Marston, L. C., y Bennett, P. C. (2012). Breeding dogs for beauty and behaviour: why scientists need to do more to develop valid and reliable behaviour assessments for dogs kept as companions. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 137, 1-12. doi: 10.1016/j.applanim.2011.11.016 Kozinets, R., Patterson, A., Ashman, R. (2016). Networks of Desire: How Technology Increases Our Passion to Consume. Journal of Consumer Research, 43(5), 659-682. doi: 10.1093/jcr/ucw 061 Kuo, Y., y Yen, S.N. (2009). Towards an understanding of the behavioral intention to use 3G mobile val-ue-added services. Computers in Human Behavior, 25, 103-110. doi: 10.1016/j.chb.2008.07.007 Liao, J., y Wang, W. (2009). Face as a mediator of the relationship between material value and brand consciousness. Psychology & Marketing, 26(11), 987-1001. doi: 10.1002/mar.20309 Luna-Cortés, G. (2018a). The influence of materialism on purebred dogs’ welfare among two different generations in Colombia (South America). Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science, 22(2), 149-158. doi: 10.1080/10888705.2018.1452019 Luna-Cortés, G. (2018b). Influence of materialism and self-congruity on the relationship of human with their companion dogs. Social Marketing Quarter-ly, 24(4), 249-263. doi: 10.1177/1524500418801002 Mason, G., y Mendl, M. (1993). Why is there no simple way of measuring animal welfare? Animal Welfare, 2, 301-319. Recuperado de http://hdl.handle.net/10214/4673 McGreevy, P. D., y Nicholas, F. W. (1999). Some practical solutions to welfare problems in dog Breeding. Animal Welfare, 8, 329-341. Recuperado de http://sydney.edu.au/vetscience/research/disorders/do-cuments/solutiondogbreeding.pdf Medina, C., Morales, L., Bernal, R., y Torero, M. (2007). Stratification and Public Utility Services in Colombia: Subsidies to Households or Distortion of Housing Prices? Economía, 7(2), 41-99. Recuperado de http://www.jstor.org/stable/20060492 Nunnally, J. C., y Bernstein I. H. (1994). Psychometric Theory. McGraw-Hill, New York. Oakes, J. M., y Rossi, R. H. (2003). The measurement of SES in health research: Current practice and steps toward a new approach. Social Science and Medicine, 56, 769-784. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0277-9536(02)00073-4 Pardo, A., Pérez, C., Góngora, A., Gómez, L., y Moreno, A. (2009). Exploratory survey of Brucella Suis infection in dogs from Villavicencio-Colombia. Revista MVZ Córdoba, 14(2), 1-6. Patronek, G. J., Glickman, L. T., y Moyer, M. R. (1995). Population dynamics and the risk of euthanasia for dogs in an animal shelter. Anthrozoös, 8, 31-43. doi: 10.2752/089279395787156455 Piff, P., Kraus, M. K., Côté S., Hayden, B., y Keltner, D. (2010). Having Less, Giving More: The Influence of Social Class on Prosocial Behavior. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 99(5), 771-784. doi: 10.1037/a0020092 Podoshen, J. S., y Andrzejewski, S. (2012). An examina-tion of the relationships between materialism, conspicuous consumption, impulse buying and brand loyalty. Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice, 20(3), 319-333. doi: 10.2753/MTP1069-6679200306 Reese, J. F. (2005). Dogs and dog control in developing countries. Washington, DC: Humane Society Press. Richins, M. L., y Chaplin, L. N. (2015). Material Parenting: How the Use of Goods in Parenting Fosters Materialism in the Next Generation. Journal of Consumer Research, 41(6), 1333-1357. doi: 10.1086/680087 Richins, M. L. y Dawson, S. (1992). A Consumer Values Orientation for Materialism and Its Measurement: Scale Development and Validation. The Journal of Consumer Research, 19(3), 303-316. Roets, A., Van Hiel, A., y Cornelis, I. (2006). Does mate-rialism predict racism? Materialism as a distinctive social attitude and a predictor of prejudice. European Journal of Personality, 20, 155-168. doi: 10.1002/per.573 Rooney, N. J., y Sargan, D. R. (2010). Welfare concerns associated with pedigree dog breeding in the UK. Animal Welfare, 19(5), 133-140. Rose, G. M., Bakir, A., y Gentina, E. (2016). Money mean-ings among French and American adolescents. Journal of Consumer Marketing, 33(5), 364-375. Recuperado de https://www.researchgate.net/publication/233670946_Welfare_concerns_associated_with_pedigree_dog_breeding_in_the_UK Salman, M. D., New, J. G., Scarlett, J. M., Kass, P. H., Ruch-Gallie, R., y Hetts, S. (1998). Human and animal factors related to the relinquishment of dogs and cats in 12 selected animal shelters in the United States. Applied Animal Behaviour Science,1, 207-226. doi: 10.1207/s15327604jaws0103_2 Segal, B., y Podoshen, J. S. (2012). An examination of materialism, conspicuous consumption and gender differences. International Journal of Consumer Studies, 37(2), 189-198. doi: 10.1111/j.1470-6431.2012.01099.x Segev, S., Shoham, A., y Gavish, Y. (2015). A closer look into the materialism construct: the antecedents and consequences of materialism and its three facets. Journal of Consumer Marketing, 32(2), 85-98. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-10912-1_80 Shavitt, S., Jiang, D., y Cho, H. (2016). Stratification and segmentation: Social class in consumer behavior. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 26(4), 583-593. doi: 10.1016/j.jcps.2016.08.005 Sirgy, M. J., Cole, D., Kosenko, R., Meadow, L., Rahtz, D., Cicic, M., Xi, J., Yaruvat, D., Blenkhorn, D. L., y Nagpal, N. (1995). A Life Satisfaction Measure: Additional Validation Data for the Congruity of Life Satisfaction Measure. Social Indicators Research, 34, 237-259. doi: 10.2190/AG.67.2.c Snibbe, A. C., y Markus, H. R. (2005). You can’t always get what you want: Educational attainment, agency, and choice. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 88, 703-720. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.88.4.703 Sonntag, Q., y Overall, K. L. (2014). Key determinants of dog and cat welfare: behaviour, breeding and household lifestyle. Revue scientifique et technique, 33(1), 213-220. Recuperado de http://www.oie.int/doc/ged/D13669.PDF Staggs, S. L., Long, S. M., Mason, G. E., Krishnan, S., y Riger, S. (2007). Intimate partner violence, social support, and employment in the postwelfare reform era. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 22, 345-367. doi: 10.1177/0886260506295388 Sweeney, J. C., y Soutar, G. N. (2001). Consumer perceived value: The development of a multiple item scale. Journal of Retailing, 77, 203-220. doi: 10.1016/S0022-4359(01)00041-0 Taylor, S., y Todd, P. A. (1995). Understanding information technology usage: A test of competing models. Information Systems Research, 6(2), 144-176. doi: 10.1287/isre.6.2.144 Uribe-Mallarino, C. (2008). Social Stratification in Bogota: From Public Politics to the Dynamics of Social Segregation. Universitas Humanística, 65, 139-172. Recuperado de http://www.scielo.org.co/pdf/unih/n65/n65a08.pdf Vacalopoulos, A., y Anderson, R. K. (1993). Canine behaviour problems reported by clients in a study of veterinary hospitals. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 37, 84-95. doi: 10.1016/0168-1591(93)90077-3 Van Hiel, A., Cornelis, I., y Roets, A. (2010). To Have or To Be? A Comparison of Materialism- Based Theories and Self-Determination Theory as Explanatory Frameworks of Prejudice. Journal of Personality, 78(3), 1037-1070. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-6494.2010.00642.x Veer, E., y Shankar, A. (2011). Forgive me, Father, for I did not give full justification for my sins: how religious consumers justify the acquisition of material wealth. Journal of Marketing Management, 27, 547-560. doi: 10.1080/0267257X.2010.517707 Wells, D. L., y Hepper, P. G. (2000). Prevalence of behaviour problems reported by owners of dogs purchased from an animal rescue shelter. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 69, 55-65. doi: 10.1016/S0168-1591(00)00118-0 Wright, J. C., Smith, A., Daniel, K., y Adkins, K. (2007). Dog Breed Stereotype and Exposure to Negative Behavior: Effects on Perceptions of Adoptability. Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science, 10(3), 255-265. doi: 10.1080/10888700701353956
dc.relation.references.spa.fl_str_mv	Bogliacino, F., Jiménez-Lozano, L. M., y Reyes-Galvis, D. A. (2015). Identificar la incidencia de la estratificación socioeconómica urbana sobre la segregación de los hogares bogotano. Investigaciones y Productos, 24, 2-163. Fernández, J., Bello, F., López, M. C., Moncada, L. I., Var-gas, J. J., Ayala, M. S., Nicholls, R. S., y Lozano, C. A. (2006). Seroprevalencia de leishmaniosis visceral canina en la comuna 8 de Neiva y en cuatro municipios de Huila, Colombia. Biomédica, 26(Sup1), 121-130. doi: 10.7705/biomedica.v26i1.1506 Gallego, J., Gutiérrez, L., López, D., y Sepúlveda, C. (2014). Alternativas de desmonte de la estratificación socioeconómica en el Distrito Capital. En Los límites de la estratificación. Bogotá: Editorial Universidad del Rosario. Luna-Arocas, R. (2001). El consumo y la identidad: un proceso de autocreación. Investigación y marketing, 70, 6-15. Recuperado de http://www.aedemo.es/aedemo3/socios/revista70/ad-70-01.pdf Paternina-Gómez, M., Díaz-Olmos, Y., Paternina, L. E., y Bejarano, E. E. (2013). Alta prevalencia de infección por Leishmania (Kinetoplastidae: Trypanosomatidae) en perros del norte de Colombia. Biomédica, 33, 375-82. Ruíz, J. D., Giraldo, C. A., López, V. L., y Chica, J. F. (2010). Seroprevalencia de Brucella canis en perros ca-llejeros del Centro de Bienestar Animal “La Perla”, Medellín (Colombia). Revista Colombiana de Ciencia Pecuaria, 23(2), 1-8. Recuperado de http://www.redalyc.org/pdf/2950/295023450005.pdf
dc.relation.ispartofjournal.spa.fl_str_mv	Revista: Civilizar Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades
dc.relation.citationvolumen.spa.fl_str_mv	19
dc.relation.citationissue.spa.fl_str_mv	37
dc.relation.citationstartpage.spa.fl_str_mv	55
dc.relation.citationendpage.spa.fl_str_mv	68
dc.rights.license.*.fl_str_mv	Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 2.5 Colombia (CC BY-NC-ND 2.5 CO)
dc.rights.uri.*.fl_str_mv	http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.5/co/
dc.rights.acceso.spa.fl_str_mv	Abierto (Texto Completo)
dc.rights.accesRights.eng.fl_str_mv	info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.rights.coar.*.fl_str_mv	http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
rights_invalid_str_mv	Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 2.5 Colombia (CC BY-NC-ND 2.5 CO) http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.5/co/ Abierto (Texto Completo) http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
eu_rights_str_mv	openAccess
dc.format.extent.spa.fl_str_mv	14
dc.format.medium.spa.fl_str_mv	Digital
dc.format.mimetype.eng.fl_str_mv	application/pdf
dc.format.tipo.spa.fl_str_mv	documentos
dc.publisher.spa.fl_str_mv	Universidad Sergio Arboleda
institution	Universidad Sergio Arboleda
bitstream.url.fl_str_mv	https://repository.usergioarboleda.edu.co/bitstream/11232/1372/1/Divisi%c3%b3n%20social%20por%20estratos%20materialismos.html https://repository.usergioarboleda.edu.co/bitstream/11232/1372/2/license.txt
bitstream.checksum.fl_str_mv	43aa2cc8a5d51b9d10fc6a7357496293 08af4d860568f825b35a06c69dc734dc
bitstream.checksumAlgorithm.fl_str_mv	MD5 MD5
repository.name.fl_str_mv	Repositorio Institucional Universidad Sergio Arboleda
repository.mail.fl_str_mv	dspace-help@myu.edu
_version_	1814076304746610688
spelling	Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 2.5 Colombia (CC BY-NC-ND 2.5 CO)https://repository.usergioarboleda.edu.co/bitstream/id/2d9d2987-ab1b-4153-ac55-a249bde89c72/license.txthttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.5/co/Abierto (Texto Completo)info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Luna Cortés, Gonzalo20192020-07-14T01:57:41Z2020-07-14T01:57:41Z2019-07-02Luna Cortés, Gonzalo. (2019). División social por estratos, materialismo y la situación de los perros en Colombia. Civilizar Ciencias Sociales y Humanas, 19(37), 55-68.1657-8953https://doi.org/10.22518/usergioa/jour/ccsh/2019.2/a03instname:Universidad Sergio Arboledareponame:Repositorio Institucional Universidad Sergio Arboledarepourl:https://repository.usergioarboleda.edu.co/http://hdl.handle.net/11232/1372This paper examines a series of variables that influence the preference of purebred dogs in Colombia, and the role of social stratification regarding this matter. A quanti-tative methodology was elaborated using a structured questionnaire as data recollec-tion tool. The sample was made up of dog owners in Bogotá, the capital of Colombia, where the fieldwork was conducted. Through the SEM methodology, invariance test and a multiple-group analysis, the results show that materialism influences the social perception about purebred dogs; the dogs of more materialistic owners show greater behavioral problems, which influences owners’ intention to abandon them. In most of the cases, these behaviors are less intense in citizens of middle or high strata than in those living in lower strata.La presente investigación examina una serie de variables que influyen en la preferencia de los dueños de perros de raza en Colombia, así como la forma en que la estratificación social modera esta relación. Se elaboró una investigación de orden cuantitativo, utilizando una encuesta estructurada como herramienta de recogida de información. El trabajo de campo se llevó a cabo en Bogotá. La muestra está formada por dueños de perros de la capital de Colombia. A través de la metodología SEM, test de invarianza y análisis multigrupo, los resultados muestran que el materialismo influye en la percepción social de los dueños sobre los perros de raza; los perros de dueños más materialistas muestran mayores problemas de comportamiento, lo que influye en la intención de los dueños de abandonarlos. En la mayoría de los casos, estas conductas se presentan en menor intensidad en los ciudadanos de estratos medio y alto que en aquellos que viven en estratos bajos.14Digitalapplication/pdfdocumentosspaUniversidad Sergio ArboledaRevista Civilizar Ciencias Sociales y Humanas; vol. 19, núm. 37 (2019)Agudelo-Flórez P., Castro B., Rojo-Ospina, R., y Henao-Villegas, S. (2012). Canine brucellosiss: Seroprevalence and risk factors in pets from eleven neighbourhoods in Medellin, Colombia. Revista de salud pública, 14(4), 1-8.Amaral, N. B., y Loken B. (2016). Viewing usage of counterfeit luxury goods: Social identity and social hierarchy effects on dilution and enhancement of genuine luxury brands. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 26(4), 483-495. doi: 10.1016/j.jcps.2016.02.004Bagozzi, R. P., y Yi, Y. (1988). On the evaluation of structural equation models. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 16(1), 74-94. doi: 10.1007/BF02723327Belk, R. W. (1985). Three scales to measure constructs related to materialism: reliability, validity, and relationships to measures of happiness. Advances in Consumer Research, 11, 291-297.Buckland, E. L., Corr, S. A., Abeyesinghe, S. M., y Wathes, C. M. (2014). Prioritisation of companion dog welfare issues using expert consensus. Animal Welfare, 23, 39-46. doi: 10.7120/09627286.23.1.039Burroughs, J. E., y Rindfleisch, A. (2002). Materialism and Well-Being: A Conflicting Values Perspective. Journal of Consumer Research, 29(3), 348-370.Byrne, D. (1997). An overview (and underview) of research and theory within the attraction paradigm. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 14(3), 417-431. doi: 10.1177/0265407597143008Carey, R. M., y Markus, H. R. (2016). Understanding consumer psychology in working-class contexts. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 26(4), 568-582. doi: 10.1016/j.jcps.2016.08.004Dabholkar, P. A., y Bagozzi, R. P. (2002). An attitudinal model of technology-based self-service: Moderating effects of consumer traits and situational factors. Academy of Marketing Science, 30(3), 184-197. doi: 10.1177/0092070302303001Deckop, J. R., Jurkiewicz, L. C., y Giacalone, R. A. (2010). Effects of materialism on work-related personal well-being. Human Relations, 63(7), 1007-1030. doi: 10.1177/0018726709353953Dogan, V. (2015). The effect of materialism and proximity of clothing to self on the ratio of feeling younger: implications for the consumption experiences of older people in Turkey. International Journal of Consumer Studies, 39, 564-573. doi: 10.1111/ijcs.12196Drentea, P. (2000). Age, debt and anxiety. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 41, 437-450. doi: 10.2307/2676296Duh, H. I. (2015). Antecedents and Consequences of Ma-terialism: An Integrated Theoretical Framework. Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies, 7(1), 20-35. doi:10.22610/jebs.v7i1.560.g560Durvasula, S., y Lysonsky, S. (2010). Money, money, money: How do attitudes toward money impact vanity and materialism? The case of young Chinese consumers. Journal of Consumer Marketing, 27(2), 169-179. doi: 10.1108/07363761011027268Easterlin, R. A., y Crimmins, E. (1991). Private Materialism, Personal Self-Fulfillment, Family Life, and Public Interest: The Nature, Effects, and Causes of Recent Changes in the Values of American Youth. Public Opinion Quarterly, 55, 499-533. doi: 10.1086/269280Ellingsen, K., Zanella, A.J., Bjerkas, E. y Indrebo, A. (2010). The Relationship between Empathy, Perception of Pain and Attitudes toward Pets among Norwegian Dog Owners. AnthrSozoös, 23(3), 231-243.Ergen, A., Baykan, B. G., y Turan, S. G. (2015). Effect of materialism and environmental knowledge on environmental consciousness among high school students: A study conducted in Istanbul province. International Journal of Human Sciences, 12(1), 511-527. doi: 10.2752/175303710X12750451258931Farnworth, M. J., Blaszak, K., Hiby, E. F., y Waran, N. K. (2012). Incidence of dog bites and public attitudes towards dog care and management in Samoa. Animal Welfare, 21, 477-486. Recuperado de http://hdl.handle.net/10652/2278Fornell, C., y Larcker, D. (1981). Evaluating structural equations models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18, 39-50. doi: 10.2307/3150979Fraser, D., Weary, D. M., Pajor, E. A., y Milligan, B. N. (1997). A scientific conception of animal welfare that reflects ethical concerns. Animal Welfare, 6, 187-205. Recuperado de https://animalstudiesrepository.org/ethawel/1/Gallo, L. C., Bogart, L. M., Vranceanu, A., y Matthews, K. A. (2005). Socioeconomic status, resources, psychological experiences, and emotional responses: A test of the reserve capacity model. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 88, 386-399. Recuperado de https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/20f1/00068e405e16d1fe8affba17b-6b63669a552.pdfGer, G., y Belk, R. W. (1996). Cross-cultural differences in materialism. Journal of Economic Psychology, 17, 55-77. doi: 10.1016/0167-4870(95)00035-6Harnish, R. J., y Bridges, K. (2014). Compulsive Buying: The Role of Irrational Beliefs, Materialism, and Narcissism. Journal Rational-Emotional Cognitive-Behavior Theory, publish online. doi: 10.1007/s10942-014-0197-0.Hatcher, L. (1994). A Step by Step Approach to Using the SAS System for Factor Analysis and Structural Equation Modeling. SAS Institute Inc, Cary.Hsu, Y., Liu, L., y Serpell, J. A. (2003). Dog Keeping in Taiwan: Its Contribution to the Problem of Free-Roaming Dogs. Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science, 6(1), 1-23. doi: 10.1207/S15327604JAWS0601_01Inglehart, R. (1990). Culture shift in advanced industrial society. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Karahanna, E., y Straub, D. W. (1999). The psychological origins of perceived usefulness and ease-of-use. Information and Management, 35(4), 237-250. doi: 10.1016/S0378-7206(98)00096-2Kasser, T., y Ryan, R. M. (1993). A Dark Side of the Amer-ican Dream: Correlates of Financial Success as a Central Life Aspiration. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 65, 410-422. doi: 10.1016/S0378-7206(98)00096-2Kilbourne, W. E., y LaForge M. C. (2010). Materialism and Its Relationship to Individual Values. Psychology & Marketing, 27(8), 780-798. doi: 10.1002/mar.20357Kim, D., y Jang, S. (2014). Symbolic Consumption in Upscale Cafés: Examining Korean Gen Y Consumers’ Materialism, Conformity, Conspicuous Tendencies and Functional Qualities. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research, 38, 39-47. doi: 10.1177/1096348014525633Kim, H. C., y Kramer, T. (2015). Do Materialists Prefer the “Brand-as-Servant”? The Interactive Effect of Anthropomorphized Brand Roles and Materialism on Consumer Responses. Journal of Consumer Research, 42(2), 284-299. doi: 10.1093/jcr/ucv015King, T., Marston, L. C., y Bennett, P. C. (2012). Breeding dogs for beauty and behaviour: why scientists need to do more to develop valid and reliable behaviour assessments for dogs kept as companions. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 137, 1-12. doi: 10.1016/j.applanim.2011.11.016Kozinets, R., Patterson, A., Ashman, R. (2016). Networks of Desire: How Technology Increases Our Passion to Consume. Journal of Consumer Research, 43(5), 659-682. doi: 10.1093/jcr/ucw 061Kuo, Y., y Yen, S.N. (2009). Towards an understanding of the behavioral intention to use 3G mobile val-ue-added services. Computers in Human Behavior, 25, 103-110. doi: 10.1016/j.chb.2008.07.007Liao, J., y Wang, W. (2009). Face as a mediator of the relationship between material value and brand consciousness. Psychology & Marketing, 26(11), 987-1001. doi: 10.1002/mar.20309Luna-Cortés, G. (2018a). The influence of materialism on purebred dogs’ welfare among two different generations in Colombia (South America). Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science, 22(2), 149-158. doi: 10.1080/10888705.2018.1452019Luna-Cortés, G. (2018b). Influence of materialism and self-congruity on the relationship of human with their companion dogs. Social Marketing Quarter-ly, 24(4), 249-263. doi: 10.1177/1524500418801002Mason, G., y Mendl, M. (1993). Why is there no simple way of measuring animal welfare? Animal Welfare, 2, 301-319. Recuperado de http://hdl.handle.net/10214/4673McGreevy, P. D., y Nicholas, F. W. (1999). Some practical solutions to welfare problems in dog Breeding. Animal Welfare, 8, 329-341. Recuperado de http://sydney.edu.au/vetscience/research/disorders/do-cuments/solutiondogbreeding.pdfMedina, C., Morales, L., Bernal, R., y Torero, M. (2007). Stratification and Public Utility Services in Colombia: Subsidies to Households or Distortion of Housing Prices? Economía, 7(2), 41-99. Recuperado de http://www.jstor.org/stable/20060492Nunnally, J. C., y Bernstein I. H. (1994). Psychometric Theory. McGraw-Hill, New York.Oakes, J. M., y Rossi, R. H. (2003). The measurement of SES in health research: Current practice and steps toward a new approach. Social Science and Medicine, 56, 769-784. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0277-9536(02)00073-4Pardo, A., Pérez, C., Góngora, A., Gómez, L., y Moreno, A. (2009). Exploratory survey of Brucella Suis infection in dogs from Villavicencio-Colombia. Revista MVZ Córdoba, 14(2), 1-6.Patronek, G. J., Glickman, L. T., y Moyer, M. R. (1995). Population dynamics and the risk of euthanasia for dogs in an animal shelter. Anthrozoös, 8, 31-43. doi: 10.2752/089279395787156455Piff, P., Kraus, M. K., Côté S., Hayden, B., y Keltner, D. (2010). Having Less, Giving More: The Influence of Social Class on Prosocial Behavior. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 99(5), 771-784. doi: 10.1037/a0020092Podoshen, J. S., y Andrzejewski, S. (2012). An examina-tion of the relationships between materialism, conspicuous consumption, impulse buying and brand loyalty. Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice, 20(3), 319-333. doi: 10.2753/MTP1069-6679200306Reese, J. F. (2005). Dogs and dog control in developing countries. Washington, DC: Humane Society Press.Richins, M. L., y Chaplin, L. N. (2015). Material Parenting: How the Use of Goods in Parenting Fosters Materialism in the Next Generation. Journal of Consumer Research, 41(6), 1333-1357. doi: 10.1086/680087Richins, M. L. y Dawson, S. (1992). A Consumer Values Orientation for Materialism and Its Measurement: Scale Development and Validation. The Journal of Consumer Research, 19(3), 303-316.Roets, A., Van Hiel, A., y Cornelis, I. (2006). Does mate-rialism predict racism? Materialism as a distinctive social attitude and a predictor of prejudice. European Journal of Personality, 20, 155-168. doi: 10.1002/per.573Rooney, N. J., y Sargan, D. R. (2010). Welfare concerns associated with pedigree dog breeding in the UK. Animal Welfare, 19(5), 133-140.Rose, G. M., Bakir, A., y Gentina, E. (2016). Money mean-ings among French and American adolescents. Journal of Consumer Marketing, 33(5), 364-375. Recuperado de https://www.researchgate.net/publication/233670946_Welfare_concerns_associated_with_pedigree_dog_breeding_in_the_UKSalman, M. D., New, J. G., Scarlett, J. M., Kass, P. H., Ruch-Gallie, R., y Hetts, S. (1998). Human and animal factors related to the relinquishment of dogs and cats in 12 selected animal shelters in the United States. Applied Animal Behaviour Science,1, 207-226. doi: 10.1207/s15327604jaws0103_2Segal, B., y Podoshen, J. S. (2012). An examination of materialism, conspicuous consumption and gender differences. International Journal of Consumer Studies, 37(2), 189-198. doi: 10.1111/j.1470-6431.2012.01099.xSegev, S., Shoham, A., y Gavish, Y. (2015). A closer look into the materialism construct: the antecedents and consequences of materialism and its three facets. Journal of Consumer Marketing, 32(2), 85-98. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-10912-1_80Shavitt, S., Jiang, D., y Cho, H. (2016). Stratification and segmentation: Social class in consumer behavior. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 26(4), 583-593. doi: 10.1016/j.jcps.2016.08.005Sirgy, M. J., Cole, D., Kosenko, R., Meadow, L., Rahtz, D., Cicic, M., Xi, J., Yaruvat, D., Blenkhorn, D. L., y Nagpal, N. (1995). A Life Satisfaction Measure: Additional Validation Data for the Congruity of Life Satisfaction Measure. Social Indicators Research, 34, 237-259. doi: 10.2190/AG.67.2.cSnibbe, A. C., y Markus, H. R. (2005). You can’t always get what you want: Educational attainment, agency, and choice. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 88, 703-720. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.88.4.703Sonntag, Q., y Overall, K. L. (2014). Key determinants of dog and cat welfare: behaviour, breeding and household lifestyle. Revue scientifique et technique, 33(1), 213-220. Recuperado de http://www.oie.int/doc/ged/D13669.PDFStaggs, S. L., Long, S. M., Mason, G. E., Krishnan, S., y Riger, S. (2007). Intimate partner violence, social support, and employment in the postwelfare reform era. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 22, 345-367. doi: 10.1177/0886260506295388Sweeney, J. C., y Soutar, G. N. (2001). Consumer perceived value: The development of a multiple item scale. Journal of Retailing, 77, 203-220. doi: 10.1016/S0022-4359(01)00041-0Taylor, S., y Todd, P. A. (1995). Understanding information technology usage: A test of competing models. Information Systems Research, 6(2), 144-176. doi: 10.1287/isre.6.2.144Uribe-Mallarino, C. (2008). Social Stratification in Bogota: From Public Politics to the Dynamics of Social Segregation. Universitas Humanística, 65, 139-172. Recuperado de http://www.scielo.org.co/pdf/unih/n65/n65a08.pdfVacalopoulos, A., y Anderson, R. K. (1993). Canine behaviour problems reported by clients in a study of veterinary hospitals. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 37, 84-95. doi: 10.1016/0168-1591(93)90077-3Van Hiel, A., Cornelis, I., y Roets, A. (2010). To Have or To Be? A Comparison of Materialism- Based Theories and Self-Determination Theory as Explanatory Frameworks of Prejudice. Journal of Personality, 78(3), 1037-1070. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-6494.2010.00642.xVeer, E., y Shankar, A. (2011). Forgive me, Father, for I did not give full justification for my sins: how religious consumers justify the acquisition of material wealth. Journal of Marketing Management, 27, 547-560. doi: 10.1080/0267257X.2010.517707Wells, D. L., y Hepper, P. G. (2000). Prevalence of behaviour problems reported by owners of dogs purchased from an animal rescue shelter. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 69, 55-65. doi: 10.1016/S0168-1591(00)00118-0Wright, J. C., Smith, A., Daniel, K., y Adkins, K. (2007). Dog Breed Stereotype and Exposure to Negative Behavior: Effects on Perceptions of Adoptability. Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science, 10(3), 255-265. doi: 10.1080/10888700701353956Bogliacino, F., Jiménez-Lozano, L. M., y Reyes-Galvis, D. A. (2015). Identificar la incidencia de la estratificación socioeconómica urbana sobre la segregación de los hogares bogotano. Investigaciones y Productos, 24, 2-163.Fernández, J., Bello, F., López, M. C., Moncada, L. I., Var-gas, J. J., Ayala, M. S., Nicholls, R. S., y Lozano, C. A. (2006). Seroprevalencia de leishmaniosis visceral canina en la comuna 8 de Neiva y en cuatro municipios de Huila, Colombia. Biomédica, 26(Sup1), 121-130. doi: 10.7705/biomedica.v26i1.1506Gallego, J., Gutiérrez, L., López, D., y Sepúlveda, C. (2014). Alternativas de desmonte de la estratificación socioeconómica en el Distrito Capital. En Los límites de la estratificación. Bogotá: Editorial Universidad del Rosario.Luna-Arocas, R. (2001). El consumo y la identidad: un proceso de autocreación. Investigación y marketing, 70, 6-15. Recuperado de http://www.aedemo.es/aedemo3/socios/revista70/ad-70-01.pdfPaternina-Gómez, M., Díaz-Olmos, Y., Paternina, L. E., y Bejarano, E. E. (2013). Alta prevalencia de infección por Leishmania (Kinetoplastidae: Trypanosomatidae) en perros del norte de Colombia. Biomédica, 33, 375-82.Ruíz, J. D., Giraldo, C. A., López, V. L., y Chica, J. F. (2010). Seroprevalencia de Brucella canis en perros ca-llejeros del Centro de Bienestar Animal “La Perla”, Medellín (Colombia). Revista Colombiana de Ciencia Pecuaria, 23(2), 1-8. Recuperado de http://www.redalyc.org/pdf/2950/295023450005.pdfRevista: Civilizar Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades19375568División social por estratos, materialismo y la situación de los perros en Colombia.Social division by strata, materialism, and the situation of dogs in Colombia.Perros - Aspectos sociales - BogotáRazas de perros - Aspectos sociales - BogotáDogs - Social aspects - BogotáDog breeds - Social aspects - Bogotádogs’ welfaresocial stratification systemmaterialismbienestar de los perrosestratificación socialperros de razaColombiaBogotámaterialismoColombiahttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1http://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/ARTartículo de revistaORIGINALDivisión social por estratos materialismos.htmlDivisión social por estratos materialismos.htmlartículotext/html245https://repository.usergioarboleda.edu.co/bitstream/11232/1372/1/Divisi%c3%b3n%20social%20por%20estratos%20materialismos.html43aa2cc8a5d51b9d10fc6a7357496293MD51open accessLICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-81180https://repository.usergioarboleda.edu.co/bitstream/11232/1372/2/license.txt08af4d860568f825b35a06c69dc734dcMD52open access11232/1372oai:repository.usergioarboleda.edu.co:11232/13722021-07-08 11:17:07.706open accessRepositorio Institucional Universidad Sergio Arboledadspace-help@myu.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

División social por estratos, materialismo y la situación de los perros en Colombia.

Publicaciones similares