Organizational Commitment and Leadership in Higher Education Institutions
The proposed research aims to determine the relationship between dean´s leadership and organizational commitment among faculty at universities in Colombia. A quantitative research design will guide the study to determine the relationship among leadership style of deans and organizational commitment....
- Autores:
-
Bohórquez, Nohora
- Tipo de recurso:
- Article of investigation
- Fecha de publicación:
- 2014
- Institución:
- Universidad Sergio Arboleda
- Repositorio:
- Repositorio U. Sergio Arboleda
- Idioma:
- spa
- OAI Identifier:
- oai:repository.usergioarboleda.edu.co:11232/644
- Acceso en línea:
- http://hdl.handle.net/11232/644
- Palabra clave:
- Educación superior - Colombia - Estudio de casos
Liderazgo
compromiso organizacional
liderazgo
instituciones de educación superior
organizational commitment
leadership
higher education institutions
- Rights
- License
- Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 2.5 Colombia (CC BY-NC-ND 2.5 CO)
id |
sergioarb2_6d9a5e00047bd9051e35552989542a54 |
---|---|
oai_identifier_str |
oai:repository.usergioarboleda.edu.co:11232/644 |
network_acronym_str |
sergioarb2 |
network_name_str |
Repositorio U. Sergio Arboleda |
repository_id_str |
|
dc.title.eng.fl_str_mv |
Organizational Commitment and Leadership in Higher Education Institutions |
dc.title.translated.eng.fl_str_mv |
Organizational Commitment and Leadership in Higher Education Institutions |
title |
Organizational Commitment and Leadership in Higher Education Institutions |
spellingShingle |
Organizational Commitment and Leadership in Higher Education Institutions Educación superior - Colombia - Estudio de casos Liderazgo compromiso organizacional liderazgo instituciones de educación superior organizational commitment leadership higher education institutions |
title_short |
Organizational Commitment and Leadership in Higher Education Institutions |
title_full |
Organizational Commitment and Leadership in Higher Education Institutions |
title_fullStr |
Organizational Commitment and Leadership in Higher Education Institutions |
title_full_unstemmed |
Organizational Commitment and Leadership in Higher Education Institutions |
title_sort |
Organizational Commitment and Leadership in Higher Education Institutions |
dc.creator.fl_str_mv |
Bohórquez, Nohora |
dc.contributor.author.spa.fl_str_mv |
Bohórquez, Nohora |
dc.subject.lemb.spa.fl_str_mv |
Educación superior - Colombia - Estudio de casos Liderazgo |
topic |
Educación superior - Colombia - Estudio de casos Liderazgo compromiso organizacional liderazgo instituciones de educación superior organizational commitment leadership higher education institutions |
dc.subject.proposal.spa.fl_str_mv |
compromiso organizacional liderazgo instituciones de educación superior |
dc.subject.proposal.eng.fl_str_mv |
organizational commitment leadership higher education institutions |
description |
The proposed research aims to determine the relationship between dean´s leadership and organizational commitment among faculty at universities in Colombia. A quantitative research design will guide the study to determine the relationship among leadership style of deans and organizational commitment. The multifactor leadership questionnaire (MLQ) developed by Bass in 1985 and the organizational commitment questionnaire (OCQ) developed by Meyer and Allen in 1999 will be the instruments administered to collect the data and to explain the relationship among the proposed variables. The study sample includes part-time and full-time faculty of the National University of Colombia, Sergio Arboleda University and CESA University located in the city of Bogotá, Colombia. |
publishDate |
2014 |
dc.date.issued.spa.fl_str_mv |
2014-01-01 |
dc.date.accessioned.spa.fl_str_mv |
2016-06-14T19:04:02Z 2017-05-16T19:23:19Z |
dc.date.available.spa.fl_str_mv |
2016-06-14T19:04:02Z 2017-05-16T19:23:19Z |
dc.date.spa.fl_str_mv |
2014 |
dc.type.coarversion.spa.fl_str_mv |
http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85 |
dc.type.coar.eng.fl_str_mv |
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1 |
dc.type.redcol.eng.fl_str_mv |
http://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/ART |
dc.type.local.spa.fl_str_mv |
Artículo de revista |
format |
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1 |
dc.identifier.issn.spa.fl_str_mv |
2145-6194 |
dc.identifier.instname.spa.fl_str_mv |
instname:Universidad Sergio Arboleda |
dc.identifier.reponame.spa.fl_str_mv |
reponame:Repositorio Institucional Universidad Sergio Arboleda |
dc.identifier.repourl.*.fl_str_mv |
repourl:https://repository.usergioarboleda.edu.co/ |
dc.identifier.url.eng.fl_str_mv |
http://hdl.handle.net/11232/644 |
identifier_str_mv |
2145-6194 instname:Universidad Sergio Arboleda reponame:Repositorio Institucional Universidad Sergio Arboleda repourl:https://repository.usergioarboleda.edu.co/ |
url |
http://hdl.handle.net/11232/644 |
dc.language.iso.spa.fl_str_mv |
spa |
language |
spa |
dc.relation.ispartof.spa.fl_str_mv |
Revista Civilizar de Empresa y Economía; vol. 5, núm. 9 (2014) |
dc.relation.references.spa.fl_str_mv |
Bohórquez, N. (2014). Organizational Commitment and Leadership in Higher Education Institutions. Civilizar Empresa y Economía. 5 (9), 8-19. Bass B. (1985). Article: Leadership: Good, better, best. Organizational Dynamics, 1326-40. doi:10.1016/0090-2616(85)90028-2 Maldonado-Radillo, S., Guillén, A., & Carranza, R. (2012). El compromiso organizacional del per-sonal docente y administrativo de una universidad pública. Revista Internacional Adminis-tración & Finanzas, 5 (4), 135-142. |
dc.relation.references.eng.fl_str_mv |
Ali, N., Atiq, M., & Abbas, S. (2011). Relationship between leadership styles and organizational commitment. Interdisciplinary journal of contemporary research in business, 2(10), 524-529. Ahmed, I., Mohammad, S. K., & Islam, T. (2013). The relationship between perceived fairness in performance appraisal and organizational citizenship behavior in the banking sector of Pakistan: The mediating role of organizational commitment. International Journal of Man-agement and Innovation, 5(2), 75-88. Ahmed Shah, S. M., Memon, M. S., & Phulpoto, A. (2012). The impact of organizational culture on the organizational commitment: A study of faculty members of public sector universities of Pakistan. Interdisciplinary Journal of Contemporary Research in Business, 3(9), 991-1003. Avolio, B., Bass, B., & Jung, D. (1999).Reexamining the components of transformational and trans-actional leadership using the multifactor leadership questionnaire. Journal of Organiza-tional and Occupational Psychology, 72(4), 441-462. Balay, R. (2012). Effect of learning organization perception to the organizational commitment: A comparison between private and public university. Kuram Ve Uygulamada Egitim Bilimleri, 12(4), 2474-2486. Baotham, S. (2011). Antecedent and consequence of job satisfaction and organizational commit-ment of Thai employees in Rmutt. Review of Business Research [serial online], 11(3), 89-98. Ipswich, MA: Business Source Complete. Bayona-Saénz, C., Goñi-Legaz, S., & Madorrán-García, C. (2009). How to raise commitment in pub-lic university lecturers. International Review of Adminsitrative Sciences, 75 (2), 333-347 Balyer A. (2012). Transformational Leadership Behaviors of School Principals: A Qualitative Re-search Based on Teachers’ Perceptions. International Online Journal Of Educational Sci-ences, 4(3), 581-591. Carver, L., Candela, L., & Gutierrez, A. P. (2011). Survey of generational aspects of nurse faculty organizational commitment. Nursing Outlook, 137-148. doi:10.1016/j.outlook.2011.01.004 Choong, Y., Wong, K., & Lau, T. (2011). Psychological empowerment and organizational commit-ment. Academic Research International, 1(3), 237-245. Chughtai, A., & Zafar, S. (2006). Antecedents and consequences of organizational commitment among Pakistani university teachers. Applied H.R.M. Research, 11(1), 39-64. Farooq, N., Irfan, M., & Farooq, M. (2011). Measurement of the degree of organizational commit-ment among the faculty members of private sector universities in Peshawar City. Interdis-ciplinary Journal of Contemporary Research in Business, 3(4), 151-162. Fisher, R., Boyle, M. V., & Fulop, L. (2010). How gendered is organizational commitment? The case of academic faculty. International Journal of Organizational Analysis, 18(3), 280-294. doi:10.1108/19348831011062139 Gormley, D. K., & Kennerly, S. (2010). Influence of work role and perceptions of climate on faculty organizational commitment. Journal of Professional Nursing, 26(2), 108-115. doi:10.1016/j.profnurs.2009.11.001 Hamdia, M., & Phadett, T. (2011). Conceptual framework on the relationship between human re-source management practices, job satisfaction, and turnover. Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies, 2(2), 41-49. Jing, L., & Zhang, D. (2014). The mediation of performance in the relationship of organizational commitment to university faculty’s effectiveness. Asia Pacific Education Review, 15(1), 141-153. doi:10.1007/s12564-013-9309-2 Khan, H., Shah, B., Hassan, F. S., Khan, S., & Khan, N. (2013). Organizational Commitment of Teach-ers and Role of Their Employment Traits. Management Science and Engineering, 7(3), 1-12. DOI:10.3968/j.mse.1913035X20130703.2707. Lawrence, J., Ott, M., & Bell, A. (2012). Faculty organizational commitment and citizenship. Re-search in Higher Education, 53(3), 325-352. doi:10.1007/s11162-011-9230-7 Mowday, R., Steers, R. & Porter L. (1979).The measurement of organizational commitment. Jour-nal of Vocational Behavior 14, 224-247. O’Meara, K. (2014). Half-way out: How requiring outside offers to raise salaries influences faculty retention and organizational commitment. Research in Higher Education, 1-20. doi:10.1007/s11162-014-9341-z Othman, J., Mohammed, K. A., & D ́silva, J. L. (2013). Does a transformational and transactional leadership style predict organizational commitment among public university lecturers in Nigeria? Asian Social Science, 9(7). doi:10.5539/ass.v9n1p165 Saeed, S. A., Mahmood, H., & Ahmad, F. (2013). New leadership style and lecturers’ commitment. World Applied Sciences Journal, 21(10). Sypawka, W., Mallett, W., & McFadden, C. (2010). Leadership styles of commu-nity college academic deans. Community College Enterprise, 16(1), 63-73. Tabbodi, M. L. (2009). Effects of leadership behaviour on the faculty commitment of hu-manities departments in the University of Mysore, India: Regarding factors of age group, educational qualifications and gender. Educational Studies,35(1), 21-26. doi:10.1080/03055690802288510 Yu, B. (2013). The influence study of transformational leadership in university on teachers’ organi-zational commitment: The construction and verification of a theoretical model. Canadian Social Science, 9(4), 126-137. Zia, Y. A., & Tufal, M. (2011). Comparative Analysis of Organizational Commitment among Faculty Members of Public and Private Sector Universitiesn of Kpk. Journal of Managerial Sciences, 5 (1), 37-52. |
dc.relation.ispartofjournal.spa.fl_str_mv |
Civilizar Empresa y Economía |
dc.relation.citationvolumen.spa.fl_str_mv |
5 |
dc.relation.citationissue.spa.fl_str_mv |
9 |
dc.relation.citationstartpage.spa.fl_str_mv |
7 |
dc.relation.citationendpage.spa.fl_str_mv |
19 |
dc.rights.license.*.fl_str_mv |
Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 2.5 Colombia (CC BY-NC-ND 2.5 CO) |
dc.rights.uri.*.fl_str_mv |
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.5/co/ |
dc.rights.acceso.spa.fl_str_mv |
Abierto (Texto Completo) |
dc.rights.coar.*.fl_str_mv |
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2 |
rights_invalid_str_mv |
Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 2.5 Colombia (CC BY-NC-ND 2.5 CO) http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.5/co/ Abierto (Texto Completo) http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2 |
dc.format.extent.spa.fl_str_mv |
13 |
dc.format.medium.spa.fl_str_mv |
Digital |
dc.format.mimetype.eng.fl_str_mv |
application/pdf |
dc.format.tipo.spa.fl_str_mv |
documentos |
dc.publisher.spa.fl_str_mv |
Bogotá : Universidad Sergio Arboleda |
institution |
Universidad Sergio Arboleda |
bitstream.url.fl_str_mv |
https://repository.usergioarboleda.edu.co/bitstream/11232/644/1/Organizational%20commitment%20and%20leadership%20in%20higher%20education.html https://repository.usergioarboleda.edu.co/bitstream/11232/644/2/license_rdf https://repository.usergioarboleda.edu.co/bitstream/11232/644/3/license.txt https://repository.usergioarboleda.edu.co/bitstream/11232/644/4/Organizational%20commitment%20and%20leadership%20in%20higher%20education.html.txt |
bitstream.checksum.fl_str_mv |
7e2b4a7827f1bbe9ae317a31f5f824f7 bb87e2fb4674c76d0d2e9ed07fbb9c86 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 40ea728eed9f2fbf047725e423051ed6 |
bitstream.checksumAlgorithm.fl_str_mv |
MD5 MD5 MD5 MD5 |
repository.name.fl_str_mv |
Repositorio Institucional Universidad Sergio Arboleda |
repository.mail.fl_str_mv |
dspace-help@myu.edu |
_version_ |
1814076306292211712 |
spelling |
Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 2.5 Colombia (CC BY-NC-ND 2.5 CO)https://repository.usergioarboleda.edu.co/bitstream/id/578829ec-9f91-4461-92a4-07817e54b466/license.txthttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.5/co/Abierto (Texto Completo)http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Bohórquez, Nohora20142016-06-14T19:04:02Z2017-05-16T19:23:19Z2016-06-14T19:04:02Z2017-05-16T19:23:19Z2014-01-012145-6194instname:Universidad Sergio Arboledareponame:Repositorio Institucional Universidad Sergio Arboledarepourl:https://repository.usergioarboleda.edu.co/http://hdl.handle.net/11232/644The proposed research aims to determine the relationship between dean´s leadership and organizational commitment among faculty at universities in Colombia. A quantitative research design will guide the study to determine the relationship among leadership style of deans and organizational commitment. The multifactor leadership questionnaire (MLQ) developed by Bass in 1985 and the organizational commitment questionnaire (OCQ) developed by Meyer and Allen in 1999 will be the instruments administered to collect the data and to explain the relationship among the proposed variables. The study sample includes part-time and full-time faculty of the National University of Colombia, Sergio Arboleda University and CESA University located in the city of Bogotá, Colombia.El estudio propuesto tiene como objetivo determinar la relación que existe entre el liderazgo de los decanos de instituciones de educación superior y el compromiso organizacional docente en Colombia. Un estudio cuantitativo se llevará a cabo para determinar la relación que existe entre el tipo de liderazgo de los decanos y el compromiso organizacional. El cuestionario de liderazgo desarrollado por Bass (MLQ) en 1985 y el cuestionario de compromiso organizacional (OCQ) desarrollado por Meyer y Allen en 1999 se utilizarán para determinar la relación entre las variables. El estudio incluirá docentes de tiempo completo y cátedra de las Universidades Sergio Arboleda, CESA y Nacional de Colombia13Digitalapplication/pdfdocumentosspaBogotá : Universidad Sergio ArboledaRevista Civilizar de Empresa y Economía; vol. 5, núm. 9 (2014)Bohórquez, N. (2014). Organizational Commitment and Leadership in Higher Education Institutions. Civilizar Empresa y Economía. 5 (9), 8-19.Bass B. (1985). Article: Leadership: Good, better, best. Organizational Dynamics, 1326-40. doi:10.1016/0090-2616(85)90028-2Maldonado-Radillo, S., Guillén, A., & Carranza, R. (2012). El compromiso organizacional del per-sonal docente y administrativo de una universidad pública. Revista Internacional Adminis-tración & Finanzas, 5 (4), 135-142.Ali, N., Atiq, M., & Abbas, S. (2011). Relationship between leadership styles and organizational commitment. Interdisciplinary journal of contemporary research in business, 2(10), 524-529.Ahmed, I., Mohammad, S. K., & Islam, T. (2013). The relationship between perceived fairness in performance appraisal and organizational citizenship behavior in the banking sector of Pakistan: The mediating role of organizational commitment. International Journal of Man-agement and Innovation, 5(2), 75-88.Ahmed Shah, S. M., Memon, M. S., & Phulpoto, A. (2012). The impact of organizational culture on the organizational commitment: A study of faculty members of public sector universities of Pakistan. Interdisciplinary Journal of Contemporary Research in Business, 3(9), 991-1003.Avolio, B., Bass, B., & Jung, D. (1999).Reexamining the components of transformational and trans-actional leadership using the multifactor leadership questionnaire. Journal of Organiza-tional and Occupational Psychology, 72(4), 441-462.Balay, R. (2012). Effect of learning organization perception to the organizational commitment: A comparison between private and public university. Kuram Ve Uygulamada Egitim Bilimleri, 12(4), 2474-2486.Baotham, S. (2011). Antecedent and consequence of job satisfaction and organizational commit-ment of Thai employees in Rmutt. Review of Business Research [serial online], 11(3), 89-98. Ipswich, MA: Business Source Complete.Bayona-Saénz, C., Goñi-Legaz, S., & Madorrán-García, C. (2009). How to raise commitment in pub-lic university lecturers. International Review of Adminsitrative Sciences, 75 (2), 333-347Balyer A. (2012). Transformational Leadership Behaviors of School Principals: A Qualitative Re-search Based on Teachers’ Perceptions. International Online Journal Of Educational Sci-ences, 4(3), 581-591.Carver, L., Candela, L., & Gutierrez, A. P. (2011). Survey of generational aspects of nurse faculty organizational commitment. Nursing Outlook, 137-148. doi:10.1016/j.outlook.2011.01.004Choong, Y., Wong, K., & Lau, T. (2011). Psychological empowerment and organizational commit-ment. Academic Research International, 1(3), 237-245.Chughtai, A., & Zafar, S. (2006). Antecedents and consequences of organizational commitment among Pakistani university teachers. Applied H.R.M. Research, 11(1), 39-64.Farooq, N., Irfan, M., & Farooq, M. (2011). Measurement of the degree of organizational commit-ment among the faculty members of private sector universities in Peshawar City. Interdis-ciplinary Journal of Contemporary Research in Business, 3(4), 151-162.Fisher, R., Boyle, M. V., & Fulop, L. (2010). How gendered is organizational commitment? The case of academic faculty. International Journal of Organizational Analysis, 18(3), 280-294. doi:10.1108/19348831011062139Gormley, D. K., & Kennerly, S. (2010). Influence of work role and perceptions of climate on faculty organizational commitment. Journal of Professional Nursing, 26(2), 108-115. doi:10.1016/j.profnurs.2009.11.001Hamdia, M., & Phadett, T. (2011). Conceptual framework on the relationship between human re-source management practices, job satisfaction, and turnover. Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies, 2(2), 41-49.Jing, L., & Zhang, D. (2014). The mediation of performance in the relationship of organizational commitment to university faculty’s effectiveness. Asia Pacific Education Review, 15(1), 141-153. doi:10.1007/s12564-013-9309-2Khan, H., Shah, B., Hassan, F. S., Khan, S., & Khan, N. (2013). Organizational Commitment of Teach-ers and Role of Their Employment Traits. Management Science and Engineering, 7(3), 1-12. DOI:10.3968/j.mse.1913035X20130703.2707.Lawrence, J., Ott, M., & Bell, A. (2012). Faculty organizational commitment and citizenship. Re-search in Higher Education, 53(3), 325-352. doi:10.1007/s11162-011-9230-7Mowday, R., Steers, R. & Porter L. (1979).The measurement of organizational commitment. Jour-nal of Vocational Behavior 14, 224-247.O’Meara, K. (2014). Half-way out: How requiring outside offers to raise salaries influences faculty retention and organizational commitment. Research in Higher Education, 1-20. doi:10.1007/s11162-014-9341-zOthman, J., Mohammed, K. A., & D ́silva, J. L. (2013). Does a transformational and transactional leadership style predict organizational commitment among public university lecturers in Nigeria? Asian Social Science, 9(7). doi:10.5539/ass.v9n1p165Saeed, S. A., Mahmood, H., & Ahmad, F. (2013). New leadership style and lecturers’ commitment. World Applied Sciences Journal, 21(10).Sypawka, W., Mallett, W., & McFadden, C. (2010). Leadership styles of commu-nity college academic deans. Community College Enterprise, 16(1), 63-73.Tabbodi, M. L. (2009). Effects of leadership behaviour on the faculty commitment of hu-manities departments in the University of Mysore, India: Regarding factors of age group, educational qualifications and gender. Educational Studies,35(1), 21-26. doi:10.1080/03055690802288510Yu, B. (2013). The influence study of transformational leadership in university on teachers’ organi-zational commitment: The construction and verification of a theoretical model. Canadian Social Science, 9(4), 126-137.Zia, Y. A., & Tufal, M. (2011). Comparative Analysis of Organizational Commitment among Faculty Members of Public and Private Sector Universitiesn of Kpk. Journal of Managerial Sciences, 5 (1), 37-52.Civilizar Empresa y Economía59719Organizational Commitment and Leadership in Higher Education InstitutionsOrganizational Commitment and Leadership in Higher Education InstitutionsEducación superior - Colombia - Estudio de casosLiderazgocompromiso organizacionalliderazgoinstituciones de educación superiororganizational commitmentleadershiphigher education institutionshttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1http://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/ARTArtículo de revistaORIGINALOrganizational commitment and leadership in higher education.htmlhttp://revistas.usergioarboleda.edu.co/index.php/ceye/article/view/263/223text/html237https://repository.usergioarboleda.edu.co/bitstream/11232/644/1/Organizational%20commitment%20and%20leadership%20in%20higher%20education.html7e2b4a7827f1bbe9ae317a31f5f824f7MD51open accessCC-LICENSElicense_rdfapplication/octet-stream1232https://repository.usergioarboleda.edu.co/bitstream/11232/644/2/license_rdfbb87e2fb4674c76d0d2e9ed07fbb9c86MD52open accessLICENSElicense.txttext/plain1748https://repository.usergioarboleda.edu.co/bitstream/11232/644/3/license.txt8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33MD53open accessTEXTOrganizational commitment and leadership in higher education.html.txtOrganizational commitment and leadership in higher education.html.txtExtracted texttext/plain38https://repository.usergioarboleda.edu.co/bitstream/11232/644/4/Organizational%20commitment%20and%20leadership%20in%20higher%20education.html.txt40ea728eed9f2fbf047725e423051ed6MD54open access11232/644oai:repository.usergioarboleda.edu.co:11232/6442022-03-30 18:34:02.133open accessRepositorio Institucional Universidad Sergio Arboledadspace-help@myu.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 |