Combating fake news: How increased media competences can curb disinformation trends in Nigeria.

Capítulo completo en acceso abierto que hace parte de la obra Media and information literacy for the public good: UNESCO MILID Yearbook 2023.

Autores:: Onyemechi Okocha, Desmond
Akpe, Samuel
Rukevwe, Idonor Emmanuella
Odeba, Ben Ita

Tipo de recurso:: Part of book

Fecha de publicación:: 2023

Institución:: Corporación Universitaria Minuto De Dios - Uniminuto

Repositorio:: Repositorio institucional UNIMINUTO

Idioma:: eng

id	Uniminuto2_187f7fc2a8455170007b92e61fb68370
oai_identifier_str	oai:repository.uniminuto.edu:10656/19434
network_acronym_str	Uniminuto2
network_name_str	Repositorio institucional UNIMINUTO
repository_id_str
dc.title.none.fl_str_mv	Combating fake news: How increased media competences can curb disinformation trends in Nigeria.
title	Combating fake news: How increased media competences can curb disinformation trends in Nigeria.
spellingShingle	Combating fake news: How increased media competences can curb disinformation trends in Nigeria. Desinformación Noticias falsas Periodismo Periodista Contenido generado por el usuario Nigeria Disinformation Fake news Journalism Journalist Misinformation Clickbait User-generated content Nigeria Literacy (Education) — Case Studies Primary Education 3.Adult Literacy — Research Education and Development Vocational Training Media Literacy
title_short	Combating fake news: How increased media competences can curb disinformation trends in Nigeria.
title_full	Combating fake news: How increased media competences can curb disinformation trends in Nigeria.
title_fullStr	Combating fake news: How increased media competences can curb disinformation trends in Nigeria.
title_full_unstemmed	Combating fake news: How increased media competences can curb disinformation trends in Nigeria.
title_sort	Combating fake news: How increased media competences can curb disinformation trends in Nigeria.
dc.creator.fl_str_mv	Onyemechi Okocha, Desmond Akpe, Samuel Rukevwe, Idonor Emmanuella Odeba, Ben Ita
dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv	Onyemechi Okocha, Desmond Akpe, Samuel Rukevwe, Idonor Emmanuella Odeba, Ben Ita
dc.subject.none.fl_str_mv	Desinformación Noticias falsas Periodismo Periodista Contenido generado por el usuario Nigeria
topic	Desinformación Noticias falsas Periodismo Periodista Contenido generado por el usuario Nigeria Disinformation Fake news Journalism Journalist Misinformation Clickbait User-generated content Nigeria Literacy (Education) — Case Studies Primary Education 3.Adult Literacy — Research Education and Development Vocational Training Media Literacy
dc.subject.keywords.none.fl_str_mv	Disinformation Fake news Journalism Journalist Misinformation Clickbait User-generated content Nigeria
dc.subject.lemb.none.fl_str_mv	Literacy (Education) — Case Studies Primary Education 3.Adult Literacy — Research Education and Development Vocational Training Media Literacy
description	Capítulo completo en acceso abierto que hace parte de la obra Media and information literacy for the public good: UNESCO MILID Yearbook 2023.
publishDate	2023
dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv	2023
dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv	2024-06-11T22:13:19Z
dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv	2024-06-11T22:13:19Z
dc.type.none.fl_str_mv	Book chapter
dc.type.spa.none.fl_str_mv	Capítulo de libro
dc.type.coar.none.fl_str_mv	http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_3248
format	http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_3248
dc.identifier.citation.none.fl_str_mv	Onyemechi, D., Akpe, S., Rukevwe, I., & Odeba, B. (2023). Combating fake news: How increased media competences can curb disinformation trends in Nigeria. PP. 103-130. Corporación Universitaria Minuto de Dios - UNIMINUTO.
dc.identifier.isbn.none.fl_str_mv	9789587637052
dc.identifier.uri.none.fl_str_mv	https://repository.uniminuto.edu/handle/10656/19434 https://doi.org/10.26620/uniminuto/978-958-763-705-2.cap.5
dc.identifier.instname.none.fl_str_mv	instname:Corporación Universitaria Minuto de Dios
dc.identifier.reponame.none.fl_str_mv	reponame:Colecciones Digitales Uniminuto
dc.identifier.repourl.none.fl_str_mv	repourl:https://repository.uniminuto.edu
identifier_str_mv	Onyemechi, D., Akpe, S., Rukevwe, I., & Odeba, B. (2023). Combating fake news: How increased media competences can curb disinformation trends in Nigeria. PP. 103-130. Corporación Universitaria Minuto de Dios - UNIMINUTO. 9789587637052 instname:Corporación Universitaria Minuto de Dios reponame:Colecciones Digitales Uniminuto repourl:https://repository.uniminuto.edu
url	https://repository.uniminuto.edu/handle/10656/19434 https://doi.org/10.26620/uniminuto/978-958-763-705-2.cap.5
dc.language.iso.fl_str_mv	eng
language	eng
dc.relation.ispartof.none.fl_str_mv	Media and information literacy for the public good: UNESCO MILID Yearbook 2023.
dc.relation.uri.none.fl_str_mv	https://repository.uniminuto.edu/handle/10656/19196
dc.rights.none.fl_str_mv	Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)
dc.rights.uri.none.fl_str_mv	http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
dc.rights.accessrights.none.fl_str_mv	http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2 info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.rights.local.none.fl_str_mv	Open Access
rights_invalid_str_mv	Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0) http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2 Open Access
eu_rights_str_mv	openAccess
dc.format.extent.none.fl_str_mv	28 páginas
dc.format.mimetype.none.fl_str_mv	application/pdf
dc.coverage.spatial.none.fl_str_mv	Bogotá D.C.
dc.publisher.none.fl_str_mv	Corporación Universitaria Minuto de Dios - UNIMINUTO
publisher.none.fl_str_mv	Corporación Universitaria Minuto de Dios - UNIMINUTO
institution	Corporación Universitaria Minuto De Dios - Uniminuto
bitstream.url.fl_str_mv	https://repository.uniminuto.edu/bitstreams/8c300a9e-558d-4d56-b7b0-2766d03a428a/download https://repository.uniminuto.edu/bitstreams/4520dbcc-11f1-4579-b954-0b8dd4301c71/download
bitstream.checksum.fl_str_mv	8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 94f76dca88c0ec542a070d757160909d
bitstream.checksumAlgorithm.fl_str_mv	MD5 MD5
repository.name.fl_str_mv	Repository - Uniminuto
repository.mail.fl_str_mv	repositorio@uniminuto.edu
_version_	1812494472189050880
spelling	Onyemechi Okocha, Desmonde798d09f-5c4f-4602-a108-0d569857ef72Akpe, Samuel370469b4-4e8b-4f03-acfa-473c24d97bd3Rukevwe, Idonor Emmanuellaa5bb9fa7-9c97-4967-9c40-d4e22540d5aaOdeba, Ben Ita8f95c1d9-459c-435e-ba6a-4df8bace64d8Bogotá D.C.2024-06-11T22:13:19Z2024-06-11T22:13:19Z2023Onyemechi, D., Akpe, S., Rukevwe, I., & Odeba, B. (2023). Combating fake news: How increased media competences can curb disinformation trends in Nigeria. PP. 103-130. Corporación Universitaria Minuto de Dios - UNIMINUTO.9789587637052https://repository.uniminuto.edu/handle/10656/19434https://doi.org/10.26620/uniminuto/978-958-763-705-2.cap.5instname:Corporación Universitaria Minuto de Diosreponame:Colecciones Digitales Uniminutorepourl:https://repository.uniminuto.eduCapítulo completo en acceso abierto que hace parte de la obra Media and information literacy for the public good: UNESCO MILID Yearbook 2023.This study examined how Nigerians understood fake news. It took a qualitative approach, conducting in-depth interviews with 30 journalists to determine their understanding of fake news and explore how media literacy can help combat fake news. The sample was purportedly drawn from Nigeria’s six geopolitical zones to ensure representativeness. Gatekeeping Theory and Public Sphere Theory were used to better understand how journalists use their professional role of vetting information and releasing only credible information to the public. The analyzed data show that social networks facilitate the spread of false news more than mainstream media. The findings also show that fake news spreads due to factors such as time constraints, clickbait, user-generated content, and competitiveness.28 páginasapplication/pdfCorporación Universitaria Minuto de Dios - UNIMINUTOMedia and information literacy for the public good: UNESCO MILID Yearbook 2023.https://repository.uniminuto.edu/handle/10656/19196Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessOpen AccessDesinformaciónNoticias falsasPeriodismoPeriodistaContenido generado por el usuarioNigeriaDisinformationFake newsJournalismJournalistMisinformationClickbaitUser-generated contentNigeriaLiteracy (Education) — Case StudiesPrimary Education 3.Adult Literacy — ResearchEducation and DevelopmentVocational TrainingMedia LiteracyCombating fake news: How increased media competences can curb disinformation trends in Nigeria.Book chapterCapítulo de librohttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_3248engAbu-Fadil, M. (2007, March 12-14). Media literacy: A tool to combat stereotypes and promote intercultural understanding (Conference session). UNESCO Regional Conference in Support of Global Literacy. Doha, United Arab Emirates. https://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0016/001611/161157e.pdfAitamurto, T. (2019). Normative paradoxes in 360° journalism: Contested accuracy and objectivity. New Media and Society, 21(1), 3-19. https:// doi.org/10.1177/1461444818785153Ajakaiye, R. L., Yahya, S., Asmau, A. M., Martina, S. B. & Bintu, M. (2019). Effect of intramuscular administration of diminazene di-aceturate, isometamidium chloride and homidium chloride on organ damage and packed cell volume of Wistar rats infected with Trypanosoma brucei brucei (Federe strain) Joachim. Alexandria Journal of Veterinary Sciences. AJVS, 63(1), 133-138. https://doi.org/10.5455/ajvs.41800Allcott, H. & Gentzkow, M. (2017). Social media and fake news in the 2016 election. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 31(2), 211-236. https://doi. org/10.1257/jep.31.2.211Bakir, V. & McStay, A. (2018). Fake news and the economy of emotions: Problems, causes and solutions. Digital Journalism, 6(2), 154-175. https:// doi.org/10.1080/21670811.2017.1345645Benhabib, S. (1997). Between facts and norms: Contributions to a discourse theory of law and democracy. American Political Science Review, 91(3), 725-726. http://www.jstor.org/stable/2952099Boeder, P. (2005). Habermas’ heritage: The future of the public sphere in the network society. First Monday, 10(9). https://doi.org/10.5210/fm.v10i9.1280Cela, E. (2015). Social media as a new form of public sphere. European Journal of Social Sciences, 4(1), 195-200. https://doi.org/10.26417/ejser. v4i1.p195-200Ciurel, D. (2016). Media literacy: Concepts, approaches and competencies. Professional Communication and Translation Studies, 9, 13-20. https://doi. org/10.59168/VBVC5906Fuchs, C. (2014). Social media and the public sphere. tripleC: Communication, Capitalism and Critique. Open Access Journal for a Global Sustainable Information Society, 12(1), 57-101. https://doi.org/10.31269/ vol12iss1pp57-101Golbeck, J., Everett, J. B., Falak, W., Gieringer, C. & Maurielo, M. L. (2018). Fake news vs satire: A dataset and analysis Conference session. In Proceedings of 10th ACM Conference on Web Science, Amsterdam, Netherlands, 17-21. https://doi.org/10.1145/3201064.3201100Grange, F. (2019). Urgent economic and social measures, social security finance act, Loi de finances (finance Act), Agric/Arrco merger: Changes as of 1st January 2019Guess, A. M., Lerner, M., Lyons, B. & Sircar, N. (2020). A digital media literacy intervention increases discernment between mainstream and false news in the United States and India. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 117(27), 15536- 15545. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1920498117Habermas, J. (1991). The structural transformation of the public sphere: An inquiry into a category of bourgeois society.https://mitpress.mit. edu/9780262581080/the-structural-transformation-of-the-public-sphereHoque, M. M. (2022). Making a video documentary on fake news and disinformation in Bangladesh: Critical reflections and learning. Advances in Journalism and Communication, 10(2), 136-148. https://doi. org/10.4236/ajc.2022.102010Hauser, J. R. & Clausing, D. P. (1988). The house of quality. Harvard Business Review Analytic Services. https://hbr.org/1988/05/the-house-of-qualityIreton, C. & Posetti, J. (2018). Journalism, fake news and disinformation: Handbook for journalism education and training UNESCO series on journalism education. https://en.unesco.org/fightfakenewsJaster, R. & Lanius, D. (2018). What is fake news? Penultimate Version, 2(127), 207-227. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/328738269- what-is-fake-newsJones-Jang, S. M., Mortensen, T. & Liu, J. (2021). Does media literacy help identification of fake news? Information literacy helps, but other literacies don’t. American Behavioral Scientist, 65(2), 371-388. https://doi. org/10.1177/0002764219869406Kalsnes, B. & Larsson, O. A. (2018). Understanding news sharing across social media detailing distribution on Facebook and Twitter in journalism studies. Journalism Studies, 19(11), 1669-1688. https://doi.org/10.1 080/1461670X.2017.1297686Lewin, K. (1947). Frontiers of group dynamics: Concept, method and reality in social science,social equilibria, and social change. Human Relations, 1(1), 5-41. https://doi.org/10.1177/001872674700100103. S2CID 145335154Livingstone, S. (2014). Developing social media literacy: How children learn to interpret risky opportunities on social network sites. Communications, 39(3), 283-303. https://doi.org/10.1515/commun-2014-0113Mare, A., Mabweazara, H. M. & Moyo, D. (2019). ‘Fake news’ and cyber-propaganda in sub-Saharan Africa. African Journalism Studies, 40(4), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1080/23743670.2020.1788295Odugbemi, A. (2008). Public opinion, the public sphere, and quality of governance: An exploration. Chapter 2. In S. Odugbemi & T. Jacobson (Eds.), Governance reform under real-world conditions. (pp. 15-37). The World Bank. https://gsdrc.org/document-library/public-opinion-the-public-sphere-and-quality-of-governance-an-exploration/Ogola, D., Admire, M., Hayes, M. M. & Moyo, D. (2019). Fake news and cyber- propaganda in Sub-Saharan Africa: Recentering the research agenda. African Journalism Studies, 40(4), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.108 0/23743670.2020.1788295Okocha, D. O. & Akpe, S. M. (2022). Fake news and misinformation on Covid-19: Implications for media credibility in Nigeria. Health and New Media Research, 6(1), 139-161. https://doi.org/10.22720/hnmr.2022.6.1.139Olteanu, A., Castillo, C., Diaz, F. & Kıcıman, E. (2019). Social data: Biases, methodological pitfalls, and ethical boundaries. Frontiers in Big Data, 2, 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fdata.2019.00013Olteanu, A., Castillo, C., Diaz, F. & Kıcıman, E. (2019). Social data: Biases, methodological pitfalls, and ethical boundaries. Frontiers in Big Data, 2, 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fdata.2019.00013Olugbenga, E. O. (2017). Governing the digital shadows: Public policy and information communication technology acquisition and utilization in Africa. Open Access Library Journal, 4(4), 1-23. https://doi.org/10.4236/ oalib.1103564Onabajo, O. S., Anaeto, S. G. & Osifeso, J. (2008). Models and theories of communication. African Renaissance Book Incorporated, LagosPate, U. A., Gambo, D. & Adamkolo, M. I. (2020). The impact of fake news and the emerging post-truth political era on Nigerian polity: A review of literature. Studies in Media and Communication, 7(1). https://doi. org/10.11114/smc. v7l1.4238Potter, W. J. (2008). Mediacy literacy (2nd ed.). Sage PublicationRimer, S. (2017). Fact-checking fake news stories is a waste of time. World Economic Forum, https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2017/07/why-factchecking-fake-news-stories-is-a-waste-of-timeShu, K., Silva, A., Wang, S., Tang, J. & Liu, H. (2017). Fake news detection on social media: A data mining perspective. Computer science. Social and Information Network. https://doi.org/10.48550/ arXiv.1708.01967Simon, K. (2018). Media landscapes: Expert analysis of the state of media. https://medialandscapes.org/country/nigeria/media/sourcesTandoc, E., Lim, Z. W. & Ling, R. (2018). Defining fake news: A typology of scholarly definitions. Digital Journalism, 6(3), 137-153. https://doi. org/10.1080/2167011.2017.1360143Terfa, T. A., Philip, H. F. & Jinatu, M. (2016). Audience perception of hate speech and foul language in the social media in Nigeria: Implications for morality and law. Academicus: International Scientific Journal, 15(1), 166-183. https://doi.org/10.7336/academicus.2017.15..11UNESCO (2018). World trends in freedom of expression and media development. https://www.unesco.org/en/world-media-trendsUwakwe, V. E. (2019). An evaluation of the impact of advertising on consumer behavior: A case study of de-united industries limited: Makers of indomie noodles. Department of Marketing Faculty of Business Administration, University of Nigeria Enugu CampusUzochukwu, C. E. & Okafor, E. G. (2019). Social media, hate speech and conflict: Interplay of influences. International Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities Review, 9(1), 144-158Vos, T. & Shoemaker, P. J. (2009). Gatekeeping theory (1st.ed). Routledge. Ebook ISBN: 9780203931653. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203931653184Welbers, K. & Opgenhaffen, M. (2018). Social media gatekeeping: An analysis of the gatekeeping influence of newspapers’ public Facebook pages. New Media and Society, 20(12), 4728-4747. https://doi. org/10.1177/1461444818784302Zafarani, H., Luzi, L., Lanzano, G. & Soghrat, M. R. (2017). Empirical equations for the prediction of PGA and pseudo spectral accelerations using Iranian strong-motion data. Journal of Seismology, 22(3). https:// doi.org/10.1007/s10950-017-9704LICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain1748https://repository.uniminuto.edu/bitstreams/8c300a9e-558d-4d56-b7b0-2766d03a428a/download8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33MD52ORIGINALCapitulo5-Media and information literacy for the public good UNESCO MILID Yearbook_2023.pdf.pdfCapitulo5-Media and information literacy for the public good UNESCO MILID Yearbook_2023.pdf.pdfCapítulo de libroapplication/pdf615381https://repository.uniminuto.edu/bitstreams/4520dbcc-11f1-4579-b954-0b8dd4301c71/download94f76dca88c0ec542a070d757160909dMD5310656/19434oai:repository.uniminuto.edu:10656/194342024-07-08 14:42:05.749http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)open.accesshttps://repository.uniminuto.eduRepository - Uniminutorepositorio@uniminuto.eduTk9URTogUExBQ0UgWU9VUiBPV04gTElDRU5TRSBIRVJFClRoaXMgc2FtcGxlIGxpY2Vuc2UgaXMgcHJvdmlkZWQgZm9yIGluZm9ybWF0aW9uYWwgcHVycG9zZXMgb25seS4KCk5PTi1FWENMVVNJVkUgRElTVFJJQlVUSU9OIExJQ0VOU0UKCkJ5IHNpZ25pbmcgYW5kIHN1Ym1pdHRpbmcgdGhpcyBsaWNlbnNlLCB5b3UgKHRoZSBhdXRob3Iocykgb3IgY29weXJpZ2h0Cm93bmVyKSBncmFudHMgdG8gRFNwYWNlIFVuaXZlcnNpdHkgKERTVSkgdGhlIG5vbi1leGNsdXNpdmUgcmlnaHQgdG8gcmVwcm9kdWNlLAp0cmFuc2xhdGUgKGFzIGRlZmluZWQgYmVsb3cpLCBhbmQvb3IgZGlzdHJpYnV0ZSB5b3VyIHN1Ym1pc3Npb24gKGluY2x1ZGluZwp0aGUgYWJzdHJhY3QpIHdvcmxkd2lkZSBpbiBwcmludCBhbmQgZWxlY3Ryb25pYyBmb3JtYXQgYW5kIGluIGFueSBtZWRpdW0sCmluY2x1ZGluZyBidXQgbm90IGxpbWl0ZWQgdG8gYXVkaW8gb3IgdmlkZW8uCgpZb3UgYWdyZWUgdGhhdCBEU1UgbWF5LCB3aXRob3V0IGNoYW5naW5nIHRoZSBjb250ZW50LCB0cmFuc2xhdGUgdGhlCnN1Ym1pc3Npb24gdG8gYW55IG1lZGl1bSBvciBmb3JtYXQgZm9yIHRoZSBwdXJwb3NlIG9mIHByZXNlcnZhdGlvbi4KCllvdSBhbHNvIGFncmVlIHRoYXQgRFNVIG1heSBrZWVwIG1vcmUgdGhhbiBvbmUgY29weSBvZiB0aGlzIHN1Ym1pc3Npb24gZm9yCnB1cnBvc2VzIG9mIHNlY3VyaXR5LCBiYWNrLXVwIGFuZCBwcmVzZXJ2YXRpb24uCgpZb3UgcmVwcmVzZW50IHRoYXQgdGhlIHN1Ym1pc3Npb24gaXMgeW91ciBvcmlnaW5hbCB3b3JrLCBhbmQgdGhhdCB5b3UgaGF2ZQp0aGUgcmlnaHQgdG8gZ3JhbnQgdGhlIHJpZ2h0cyBjb250YWluZWQgaW4gdGhpcyBsaWNlbnNlLiBZb3UgYWxzbyByZXByZXNlbnQKdGhhdCB5b3VyIHN1Ym1pc3Npb24gZG9lcyBub3QsIHRvIHRoZSBiZXN0IG9mIHlvdXIga25vd2xlZGdlLCBpbmZyaW5nZSB1cG9uCmFueW9uZSdzIGNvcHlyaWdodC4KCklmIHRoZSBzdWJtaXNzaW9uIGNvbnRhaW5zIG1hdGVyaWFsIGZvciB3aGljaCB5b3UgZG8gbm90IGhvbGQgY29weXJpZ2h0LAp5b3UgcmVwcmVzZW50IHRoYXQgeW91IGhhdmUgb2J0YWluZWQgdGhlIHVucmVzdHJpY3RlZCBwZXJtaXNzaW9uIG9mIHRoZQpjb3B5cmlnaHQgb3duZXIgdG8gZ3JhbnQgRFNVIHRoZSByaWdodHMgcmVxdWlyZWQgYnkgdGhpcyBsaWNlbnNlLCBhbmQgdGhhdApzdWNoIHRoaXJkLXBhcnR5IG93bmVkIG1hdGVyaWFsIGlzIGNsZWFybHkgaWRlbnRpZmllZCBhbmQgYWNrbm93bGVkZ2VkCndpdGhpbiB0aGUgdGV4dCBvciBjb250ZW50IG9mIHRoZSBzdWJtaXNzaW9uLgoKSUYgVEhFIFNVQk1JU1NJT04gSVMgQkFTRUQgVVBPTiBXT1JLIFRIQVQgSEFTIEJFRU4gU1BPTlNPUkVEIE9SIFNVUFBPUlRFRApCWSBBTiBBR0VOQ1kgT1IgT1JHQU5JWkFUSU9OIE9USEVSIFRIQU4gRFNVLCBZT1UgUkVQUkVTRU5UIFRIQVQgWU9VIEhBVkUKRlVMRklMTEVEIEFOWSBSSUdIVCBPRiBSRVZJRVcgT1IgT1RIRVIgT0JMSUdBVElPTlMgUkVRVUlSRUQgQlkgU1VDSApDT05UUkFDVCBPUiBBR1JFRU1FTlQuCgpEU1Ugd2lsbCBjbGVhcmx5IGlkZW50aWZ5IHlvdXIgbmFtZShzKSBhcyB0aGUgYXV0aG9yKHMpIG9yIG93bmVyKHMpIG9mIHRoZQpzdWJtaXNzaW9uLCBhbmQgd2lsbCBub3QgbWFrZSBhbnkgYWx0ZXJhdGlvbiwgb3RoZXIgdGhhbiBhcyBhbGxvd2VkIGJ5IHRoaXMKbGljZW5zZSwgdG8geW91ciBzdWJtaXNzaW9uLgo=

Combating fake news: How increased media competences can curb disinformation trends in Nigeria.

Publicaciones similares