Placentitis bacteriana como causa de aborto en yeguas: reporte de caso

La placentitis en yeguas ocasionada por bacterias es una de las causas más importantes de abortos, en Colombia no existe evidencia escrita de su presentación. En el presente artículo se reporta el caso de una yegua Silla Francesa de 10 años de edad, que abortó a los 9 meses de gestación y fue atendi...

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Autores:
Ruiz-Jiménez, Jennyfer
Perez-Osório, Jair
Espinosa-Salazar, José A.
Valencia-Hernández, Andrés F.
Jaramillo-Hernández, Dumar A.
Tipo de recurso:
Article of journal
Fecha de publicación:
2018
Institución:
Universidad de los Llanos
Repositorio:
Repositorio Digital Universidad de los LLanos
Idioma:
spa
OAI Identifier:
oai:repositorio.unillanos.edu.co:001/3940
Acceso en línea:
https://repositorio.unillanos.edu.co/handle/001/3940
https://doi.org/10.22579/20112629.531
Palabra clave:
Abortion
enterobacteria
fetus
placenta
mare
Aborto
enterobactérias
fetos
placenta
égua
Aborto
enterobacterias
feto
placenta
yegua
Rights
openAccess
License
Orinoquia - 2019
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network_name_str Repositorio Digital Universidad de los LLanos
repository_id_str
dc.title.spa.fl_str_mv Placentitis bacteriana como causa de aborto en yeguas: reporte de caso
dc.title.translated.eng.fl_str_mv Placentitis Bacterial as a cause of abortion in mares: Case Report
title Placentitis bacteriana como causa de aborto en yeguas: reporte de caso
spellingShingle Placentitis bacteriana como causa de aborto en yeguas: reporte de caso
Abortion
enterobacteria
fetus
placenta
mare
Aborto
enterobactérias
fetos
placenta
égua
Aborto
enterobacterias
feto
placenta
yegua
title_short Placentitis bacteriana como causa de aborto en yeguas: reporte de caso
title_full Placentitis bacteriana como causa de aborto en yeguas: reporte de caso
title_fullStr Placentitis bacteriana como causa de aborto en yeguas: reporte de caso
title_full_unstemmed Placentitis bacteriana como causa de aborto en yeguas: reporte de caso
title_sort Placentitis bacteriana como causa de aborto en yeguas: reporte de caso
dc.creator.fl_str_mv Ruiz-Jiménez, Jennyfer
Perez-Osório, Jair
Espinosa-Salazar, José A.
Valencia-Hernández, Andrés F.
Jaramillo-Hernández, Dumar A.
dc.contributor.author.spa.fl_str_mv Ruiz-Jiménez, Jennyfer
Perez-Osório, Jair
Espinosa-Salazar, José A.
Valencia-Hernández, Andrés F.
Jaramillo-Hernández, Dumar A.
dc.subject.eng.fl_str_mv Abortion
enterobacteria
fetus
placenta
mare
Aborto
enterobactérias
fetos
placenta
égua
topic Abortion
enterobacteria
fetus
placenta
mare
Aborto
enterobactérias
fetos
placenta
égua
Aborto
enterobacterias
feto
placenta
yegua
dc.subject.spa.fl_str_mv Aborto
enterobacterias
feto
placenta
yegua
description La placentitis en yeguas ocasionada por bacterias es una de las causas más importantes de abortos, en Colombia no existe evidencia escrita de su presentación. En el presente artículo se reporta el caso de una yegua Silla Francesa de 10 años de edad, que abortó a los 9 meses de gestación y fue atendida en la Clínica Veterinaria San Jorge - Escuela de Equitación Ejército Nacional en Bogotá. La paciente presentó signos de lactancia prematura y se observó engrosamiento de la placenta, además en los hallazgos histopatológicos predominan cambios vasculares (congestión, edema y fibrina) lo que indica una placentitis aguda. En la tinción de Gram de la placenta se encontraron cocobacilos gram negativos adheridos a la superficie de las células de las vellosidades corioalantóicas y entremezclados con el material proteináceo, aparentemente algunos se ubican intracelularmente; asociando estos fenómenos a un proceso infeccioso por posibles enterobacterias (E.coli o Salmonella spp).
publishDate 2018
dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv 2018-12-16T00:00:00Z
2024-07-25T18:14:51Z
dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv 2018-12-16T00:00:00Z
2024-07-25T18:14:51Z
dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv 2018-12-16
dc.type.spa.fl_str_mv Artículo de revista
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dc.relation.references.spa.fl_str_mv Bailey C, Macpherson M, Pozor M, Troedsson M, Benson S, Giguere S, et al. Treatment efficacy of trimethoprim sulphametoxazole, pentoxifilyne and altrenogest in experimentally induced equine placentitis. Theriogenology. 2010;74:402-412.
Benirschke K. Fetal consequences of amniotic fluid meconium. Contemporary Obstetrics & Gynecology. 2001;46:76-83.
Brinsko S. How to perform uterine lavage: Indications and practical techniques. Proc Am Assoc Equine Pract. 2001;47:407-411.
Bucca S, Fogarty U, Collins A, Small V. Assessment of feto-placental well-being in the mare from mid-gestation to term: transrectal and transabdominal ultrasonographic features. Theriogenology. 2005;64:542-557.
Campos I, de Souza G, Pinna A, Ferreira A. Transrectal ultrasonography for measuring of combined uteroplacental thickness in pregnant Mangalarga Marchador mares. Theriogenology. 2017;96:142-144.
Canisso I, Ball B, Erol E, Squires E, Troedsson M. Comprehensive review on equine placentitis. Proc Am Assoc Equine Pract. 2015;61:490-509.
Canisso I, Rodriguez J, Sanz M, Coutinho da Silva M. A clinical approach to the diagnosis and treatment of retained fetal membranes with an emphasis placed on the critically III mare. J Equine Vet Sci. 2013;33:570-579.
Carleton C. 2011. Equine theriogenology. Michigan:Wiley-Blackwell. Pp.426-432.
Christiansen D, Moultona K, Hopper R, Walters F, Cooleya A, LeBlanc M. et al. Evidenced-based medicine approach to develop efficacious therapies for late-gestation mares presenting with uterine infections using an experimentally-induced placentitis model. Anim Reprod Sci. 2010;121:S345-S346.
Colón J. 2009. Apariencia en la ecografía transrectal del engrosamiento combinado útero-placentario anormal en el último período de la gestación La especie Equina N°28. 20-32.
Córdoba A. 2006. Factores relacionados con el aborto en yeguas. Revista Electrónica de Veterinaria REDVET. http://www.veterinaria.org/revistas/ redvet/n010106.html
Cudmore L, Muurlink T, Whittem T, Bailey S. Effects of oral clenbuterol on the clinical and inflammatory response to endotoxaemia in the horse. Res Vet Sci. 2013;94:682-686.
Curcio B, Canisso I, Pazinato F, Borba L. et al. Estradiol cypionate aided treatment for experimentally induced ascending placentitis in mares. Theriogenology. 2017;102:98-107.
Hafez E, Hafez B. 2002. Caballos. Capítulo 14. Reproducción e inseminación artificial en animales. McGraw-Hill Interamericana. 7ª edición. México. 199–216.
Hong C, Donahue R, Giles Jr M, Petrites-Murphy M, Poonacha K, Roberts A, et al. Etiology and pathology of equine placentitis. J Vet Diagn Inv. 1993;5:56-63.
LeBlanc M. 2004. Ascending placentitis in the mare: what we learned from an experimental model. In: Procceding of the 10 Congresso Nazionala Multisala SIVE Perugia.Ithaca: International Veterinary Information Service.
LeBlanc M, Giguere S, Lester G, Bauer K, Paccamonti L. Relationship between infection, inflammation and premature parturition in mares with experimentally induced placentitis. Equine Vet J Suppl. 2012;41:8-14.
LeBlanc M, Macpherson M, Sheerin P. 2004. Ascending placentitis: What we know about pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment. In: Proceedings of the 50th Annual Convention of the American Association of Equine Practitioners. Denver, Colorado. Ithaca: International Veterinary Information Service.
LeBlanc M. Ascending placentitis in the mare: an update. Reprod Dom Anim. 2010;45:28-34.
LeBlanc M. Common peripartum problems in the mare. J Equine Vet Sci. 2008;28:709-715.
Lopate C, Leblanc M, Pascoe R, Knottenbelt D. 2003. Parturition. In: Knottenbelt, D; LeBlanc, M; Lopate, C; Pascoe, R; editors. Equine stud farm medicine and surgery. Edinburgh: Saunders. Pp. 269-324.
Lyle S. Immunology of infective preterm delivery in the mare. Equine Vet J 2014;46:661-668.
Macpherson M, Bailey C. A clinical approach to managing the mare with placentitis. Theriogenology. 2008;70:435-440.
Munroe G, Weese J. 2011. Equine Clinical Medicine, Surgery, and reproduction. Barcelona: Manson. 272.
Ousey J, Houghton E, Grainger L, Rossdale P, Fowden A. Progestagen profiles during the last trimester of gestation in thoroughbred mares with normal or compromised pregnancies. Theriogenology. 2005;63:1844-1856.
Ousey J, Kolling M, Allen W. The effecs of maternal dexamethasone treatment on gestation length and foal maturation in Thoroughbred mares. Anim Reprod Sci. 2006;94:436-438.
Pycock J. 2009. Complicaciones de la gestación avanzada en la yegua. Congreso Argentino de Reproducción Equina, 18-21 de marzo de 37-42.
Rapacz A, Pazdizior K, Ras A, Rotkiewicz T, Janowski T. Retained fetal membrane in heavy draft mares associated with histological abnormalities. J Equine Vet Sci. 2012;32:38-44.
Rebello S, Macpherson M, Murchie T, LeBlanc M, Vickroy T. Placental transfer of trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole and pentoxifylline in pony mares. Anim Reprod Sci. 2006;94:432-433.
Reed S, Baylv W, Sellon D. 2005. Medicina Interna Equina. Parte II. Editorial Intermédica. Segunda Edición. 1204-1205.
Renaudin C, Liu I, Troedsson M. Transrectal ultrasonographic diagnosis of ascending placentitis in the mare: a report of two cases. Equine Vet Educ. 1999;11(2):69-74.Bailey C, Macpherson M, Pozor M, Troedsson M, Benson S, Giguere S, et al. Treatment efficacy of trimethoprim sulphametoxazole, pentoxifilyne and altrenogest in experimentally induced equine placentitis. Theriogenology. 2010;74:402-412.
Benirschke K. Fetal consequences of amniotic fluid meconium. Contemporary Obstetrics & Gynecology. 2001;46:76-83.
Brinsko S. How to perform uterine lavage: Indications and practical techniques. Proc Am Assoc Equine Pract. 2001;47:407-411.
Bucca S, Fogarty U, Collins A, Small V. Assessment of feto-placental well-being in the mare from mid-gestation to term: transrectal and transabdominal ultrasonographic features. Theriogenology. 2005;64:542-557.
Campos I, de Souza G, Pinna A, Ferreira A. Transrectal ultrasonography for measuring of combined uteroplacental thickness in pregnant Mangalarga Marchador mares. Theriogenology. 2017;96:142-144.
Canisso I, Ball B, Erol E, Squires E, Troedsson M. Comprehensive review on equine placentitis. Proc Am Assoc Equine Pract. 2015;61:490-509.
Canisso I, Rodriguez J, Sanz M, Coutinho da Silva M. A clinical approach to the diagnosis and treatment of retained fetal membranes with an emphasis placed on the critically III mare. J Equine Vet Sci. 2013;33:570-579.
Carleton C. 2011. Equine theriogenology. Michigan:Wiley-Blackwell. Pp.426-432.
Christiansen D, Moultona K, Hopper R, Walters F, Cooleya A, LeBlanc M. et al. Evidenced-based medicine approach to develop efficacious therapies for late-gestation mares presenting with uterine infections using an experimentally-induced placentitis model. Anim Reprod Sci. 2010;121:S345-S346.
Colón J. 2009. Apariencia en la ecografía transrectal del engrosamiento combinado útero-placentario anormal en el último período de la gestación La especie Equina N°28. 20-32.
Córdoba A. 2006. Factores relacionados con el aborto en yeguas. Revista Electrónica de Veterinaria REDVET. http://www.veterinaria.org/revistas/ redvet/n010106.html
Cudmore L, Muurlink T, Whittem T, Bailey S. Effects of oral clenbuterol on the clinical and inflammatory response to endotoxaemia in the horse. Res Vet Sci. 2013;94:682-686.
Curcio B, Canisso I, Pazinato F, Borba L. et al. Estradiol cypionate aided treatment for experimentally induced ascending placentitis in mares. Theriogenology. 2017;102:98-107.
Hafez E, Hafez B. 2002. Caballos. Capítulo 14. Reproducción e inseminación artificial en animales. McGraw-Hill Interamericana. 7ª edición. México. 199–216.
Hong C, Donahue R, Giles Jr M, Petrites-Murphy M, Poonacha K, Roberts A, et al. Etiology and pathology of equine placentitis. J Vet Diagn Inv. 1993;5:56-63.
LeBlanc M. 2004. Ascending placentitis in the mare: what we learned from an experimental model. In: Procceding of the 10 Congresso Nazionala Multisala SIVE Perugia.Ithaca: International Veterinary Information Service.
LeBlanc M, Giguere S, Lester G, Bauer K, Paccamonti L. Relationship between infection, inflammation and premature parturition in mares with experimentally induced placentitis. Equine Vet J Suppl. 2012;41:8-14.
LeBlanc M, Macpherson M, Sheerin P. 2004. Ascending placentitis: What we know about pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment. In: Proceedings of the 50th Annual Convention of the American Association of Equine Practitioners. Denver, Colorado. Ithaca: International Veterinary Information Service.
LeBlanc M. Ascending placentitis in the mare: an update. Reprod Dom Anim. 2010;45:28-34.
LeBlanc M. Common peripartum problems in the mare. J Equine Vet Sci. 2008;28:709-715.
Lopate C, Leblanc M, Pascoe R, Knottenbelt D. 2003. Parturition. In: Knottenbelt, D; LeBlanc, M; Lopate, C; Pascoe, R; editors. Equine stud farm medicine and surgery. Edinburgh: Saunders. Pp. 269-324.
Lyle S. Immunology of infective preterm delivery in the mare. Equine Vet J 2014;46:661-668.
Macpherson M, Bailey C. A clinical approach to managing the mare with placentitis. Theriogenology. 2008;70:435-440.
Munroe G, Weese J. 2011. Equine Clinical Medicine, Surgery, and reproduction. Barcelona: Manson. 272.
Ousey J, Houghton E, Grainger L, Rossdale P, Fowden A. Progestagen profiles during the last trimester of gestation in thoroughbred mares with normal or compromised pregnancies. Theriogenology. 2005;63:1844-1856.
Ousey J, Kolling M, Allen W. The effecs of maternal dexamethasone treatment on gestation length and foal maturation in Thoroughbred mares. Anim Reprod Sci. 2006;94:436-438.
Pycock J. 2009. Complicaciones de la gestación avanzada en la yegua. Congreso Argentino de Reproducción Equina, 18-21 de marzo de 37-42.
Rapacz A, Pazdizior K, Ras A, Rotkiewicz T, Janowski T. Retained fetal membrane in heavy draft mares associated with histological abnormalities. J Equine Vet Sci. 2012;32:38-44.
Rebello S, Macpherson M, Murchie T, LeBlanc M, Vickroy T. Placental transfer of trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole and pentoxifylline in pony mares. Anim Reprod Sci. 2006;94:432-433.
Reed S, Baylv W, Sellon D. 2005. Medicina Interna Equina. Parte II. Editorial Intermédica. Segunda Edición. 1204-1205.
Renaudin C, Liu I, Troedsson M. Transrectal ultrasonographic diagnosis of ascending placentitis in the mare: a report of two cases. Equine Vet Educ. 1999;11(2):69-74.
Renaudin C, Liu I, Troedsson M. Transrectal ultrasonographic diagnosis of ascending placentitis in the mare: a report of two cases. Equine Vet Education. 1999;11:69-74.
Renaudin C, Troedsson M, Gillis C, King V, Bodena A. Ultrasonographic evaluation of the equine placenta by transrectal and transabdominal approach in the normal pregnant mare. Theriogenology. 1997;47:559-573.
Roberts S. 1986. Veterinary Obstetrics and Genital Diseases. Theriogenology. In: Roberts S.J. ed., North Pomfret, Vt, 3rd ed. 162. Pp. 38-50.
Robinson E. 1992. Terapéutica actual en medicina equina. Buenos Aires: Intermédica. Pp. 561-562.
Rose-Hodgson. 1995. Manual clínico de equinos. Editorial interamericana S.A.
Rossdale P, Ousey J, Cottrill C, Chavatte P, Allen W, McGlanddery A. Effects of placental pathology on maternal plasma progestagen and mammary secretion calcium concentrations and on neonatal adrenocortical function in the horse. J Reprod Fertil Suppl. 1991;44:579-590.
Saavedra PD. 2009. Estudio Ecográfico del Grosor de la Unión Uteroplacentaria en Yeguas Fina Sangre de Carrera Menores y Mayores de 14 Años, Clínicamente Sanas, a Partir de los 240 Días de Gestación. Tesis (Título Médico Veterinario). Santiago, Chile, Universidad Mayor. 50-62 p
Small V. 2000. Transabdominal and transrectal ultrasound scaning of the pregnant mare from five months to term. Masters in Veterinay medicine thesis University College Dublin,Dublin,Ireland.
Stauffert R, Lins L, Frey J, Nogueira C. 2011. Estudio de la unión útero-placentaria en yeguas para el monitoreo de la gestación y su relación con el potrillo problema. Jornadas de actualización, Reproducción Equina II. Río Cuarto. 601-604.
Stawicki R, Ruebel H, Hansen P, Sheerin B, O’Donnell L, Lester G, Paccamonti D, LeBlanck M. Endocrinological findings in an experimental model of ascending placentitis in the mare. Theriogenology. 2002;58:849-852.
Terblanche H, Maree L. Plasma progesterone levels in the mare during the oestrous cycle and pregnancy. Js Afr Vet Assoc. 1981;52:181-185.
Troedsson M, Renaudin C, Zent W, Steiner J. Transrectal ultrasonography of the placenta in normal mares and mares with pending abortion: a field study. Proc Am Assoc Equine Pract. 1997;43:256-258.
Troedsson M, Sage A. 2001. Fetal placental evaluation in the mare. In: Recent Advances in Equine Reproduction. Edited by B.A.Ball. Ithaca: International Veterinary Information Service.
Troedsson M, Zent W. Clinical ultrasonographic evaluation of the equine placenta as a method to successfully identify and treat mares with placentitis. Proc Workshop Equine Placenta. 2004;1:66-67.
Van Miert A. Present concepts on the inflammatory modulators with special reference to cytokines. Vet Res Commun. 2002;26:111-126.
Vega F. Medidas ultrasonográficas del espesor conjunto de la unión útero-placentaria en yeguas criollas colombianas. Acta Agronómica. 2013;62(2):148-154.
Wang I, Dykhuizen D. Variation of enzyme activities at a branched pathway involved in the utilization of gluconate in Escherichia coli. Evolution. 2001;55:897-908.
Williams M, Donahue J, Bolin D, Giles R, Harrison L, Hong C. 2004. Equine placental pathology: Kentucky perspective. Proc Workshop Equine Placenta. Pp. 88-92.
Wynn M, Fedorka C, Ball B, Cray C, Canisso I, Curry Jr T, et al. A prospective case-control study of biomarkers for fetoplacental well-being in the mares. Proc Am Assoc Equine Pract. 2016;62:351
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spelling Ruiz-Jiménez, JennyferPerez-Osório, JairEspinosa-Salazar, José A.Valencia-Hernández, Andrés F.Jaramillo-Hernández, Dumar A.2018-12-16T00:00:00Z2024-07-25T18:14:51Z2018-12-16T00:00:00Z2024-07-25T18:14:51Z2018-12-160121-3709https://repositorio.unillanos.edu.co/handle/001/394010.22579/20112629.5312011-2629https://doi.org/10.22579/20112629.531La placentitis en yeguas ocasionada por bacterias es una de las causas más importantes de abortos, en Colombia no existe evidencia escrita de su presentación. En el presente artículo se reporta el caso de una yegua Silla Francesa de 10 años de edad, que abortó a los 9 meses de gestación y fue atendida en la Clínica Veterinaria San Jorge - Escuela de Equitación Ejército Nacional en Bogotá. La paciente presentó signos de lactancia prematura y se observó engrosamiento de la placenta, además en los hallazgos histopatológicos predominan cambios vasculares (congestión, edema y fibrina) lo que indica una placentitis aguda. En la tinción de Gram de la placenta se encontraron cocobacilos gram negativos adheridos a la superficie de las células de las vellosidades corioalantóicas y entremezclados con el material proteináceo, aparentemente algunos se ubican intracelularmente; asociando estos fenómenos a un proceso infeccioso por posibles enterobacterias (E.coli o Salmonella spp).Placentitis in mares caused by bacteria is one of the most important causes of abortions, there aren’t any documented cases in Colombia as of yet. In this article, we take a look at a particular case of a “Silla Francesa” mare 10 years of age. The Mare had an abortion at 9 months of gestation and was treated at the Veterinary Clinic San Jorge - Army Equitation School from Bogota. The mare suffered from a premature lactation and presented thickening in the placenta which indicaented placentitis, showing signs of vascular changes (congestion, edema and fibrin).In gram staining of placenta, It was found a negative gram coccobacilli adhered to the surface of the chorioallantoic villus cells and mixed with the proteinaceous material, apparently some are located intracellularly, confirming the process of infection potentially due to the presence of enterobacteias. (E.coli or Salmonella sp).application/pdfspaUniversidad de los LlanosOrinoquia - 2019https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2https://orinoquia.unillanos.edu.co/index.php/orinoquia/article/view/531AbortionenterobacteriafetusplacentamareAbortoenterobactériasfetosplacentaéguaAbortoenterobacteriasfetoplacentayeguaPlacentitis bacteriana como causa de aborto en yeguas: reporte de casoPlacentitis Bacterial as a cause of abortion in mares: Case ReportArtículo de revistainfo:eu-repo/semantics/articleJournal articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1Texthttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85Bailey C, Macpherson M, Pozor M, Troedsson M, Benson S, Giguere S, et al. Treatment efficacy of trimethoprim sulphametoxazole, pentoxifilyne and altrenogest in experimentally induced equine placentitis. Theriogenology. 2010;74:402-412.Benirschke K. Fetal consequences of amniotic fluid meconium. Contemporary Obstetrics & Gynecology. 2001;46:76-83.Brinsko S. How to perform uterine lavage: Indications and practical techniques. Proc Am Assoc Equine Pract. 2001;47:407-411.Bucca S, Fogarty U, Collins A, Small V. Assessment of feto-placental well-being in the mare from mid-gestation to term: transrectal and transabdominal ultrasonographic features. Theriogenology. 2005;64:542-557.Campos I, de Souza G, Pinna A, Ferreira A. Transrectal ultrasonography for measuring of combined uteroplacental thickness in pregnant Mangalarga Marchador mares. Theriogenology. 2017;96:142-144.Canisso I, Ball B, Erol E, Squires E, Troedsson M. Comprehensive review on equine placentitis. Proc Am Assoc Equine Pract. 2015;61:490-509.Canisso I, Rodriguez J, Sanz M, Coutinho da Silva M. A clinical approach to the diagnosis and treatment of retained fetal membranes with an emphasis placed on the critically III mare. J Equine Vet Sci. 2013;33:570-579.Carleton C. 2011. Equine theriogenology. Michigan:Wiley-Blackwell. Pp.426-432.Christiansen D, Moultona K, Hopper R, Walters F, Cooleya A, LeBlanc M. et al. Evidenced-based medicine approach to develop efficacious therapies for late-gestation mares presenting with uterine infections using an experimentally-induced placentitis model. Anim Reprod Sci. 2010;121:S345-S346.Colón J. 2009. Apariencia en la ecografía transrectal del engrosamiento combinado útero-placentario anormal en el último período de la gestación La especie Equina N°28. 20-32.Córdoba A. 2006. Factores relacionados con el aborto en yeguas. Revista Electrónica de Veterinaria REDVET. http://www.veterinaria.org/revistas/ redvet/n010106.htmlCudmore L, Muurlink T, Whittem T, Bailey S. Effects of oral clenbuterol on the clinical and inflammatory response to endotoxaemia in the horse. Res Vet Sci. 2013;94:682-686.Curcio B, Canisso I, Pazinato F, Borba L. et al. Estradiol cypionate aided treatment for experimentally induced ascending placentitis in mares. Theriogenology. 2017;102:98-107.Hafez E, Hafez B. 2002. Caballos. Capítulo 14. Reproducción e inseminación artificial en animales. McGraw-Hill Interamericana. 7ª edición. México. 199–216.Hong C, Donahue R, Giles Jr M, Petrites-Murphy M, Poonacha K, Roberts A, et al. Etiology and pathology of equine placentitis. J Vet Diagn Inv. 1993;5:56-63.LeBlanc M. 2004. Ascending placentitis in the mare: what we learned from an experimental model. In: Procceding of the 10 Congresso Nazionala Multisala SIVE Perugia.Ithaca: International Veterinary Information Service.LeBlanc M, Giguere S, Lester G, Bauer K, Paccamonti L. Relationship between infection, inflammation and premature parturition in mares with experimentally induced placentitis. Equine Vet J Suppl. 2012;41:8-14.LeBlanc M, Macpherson M, Sheerin P. 2004. Ascending placentitis: What we know about pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment. In: Proceedings of the 50th Annual Convention of the American Association of Equine Practitioners. Denver, Colorado. Ithaca: International Veterinary Information Service.LeBlanc M. Ascending placentitis in the mare: an update. Reprod Dom Anim. 2010;45:28-34.LeBlanc M. Common peripartum problems in the mare. J Equine Vet Sci. 2008;28:709-715.Lopate C, Leblanc M, Pascoe R, Knottenbelt D. 2003. Parturition. In: Knottenbelt, D; LeBlanc, M; Lopate, C; Pascoe, R; editors. Equine stud farm medicine and surgery. Edinburgh: Saunders. Pp. 269-324.Lyle S. Immunology of infective preterm delivery in the mare. Equine Vet J 2014;46:661-668.Macpherson M, Bailey C. A clinical approach to managing the mare with placentitis. Theriogenology. 2008;70:435-440.Munroe G, Weese J. 2011. Equine Clinical Medicine, Surgery, and reproduction. Barcelona: Manson. 272.Ousey J, Houghton E, Grainger L, Rossdale P, Fowden A. Progestagen profiles during the last trimester of gestation in thoroughbred mares with normal or compromised pregnancies. Theriogenology. 2005;63:1844-1856.Ousey J, Kolling M, Allen W. The effecs of maternal dexamethasone treatment on gestation length and foal maturation in Thoroughbred mares. Anim Reprod Sci. 2006;94:436-438.Pycock J. 2009. Complicaciones de la gestación avanzada en la yegua. Congreso Argentino de Reproducción Equina, 18-21 de marzo de 37-42.Rapacz A, Pazdizior K, Ras A, Rotkiewicz T, Janowski T. Retained fetal membrane in heavy draft mares associated with histological abnormalities. J Equine Vet Sci. 2012;32:38-44.Rebello S, Macpherson M, Murchie T, LeBlanc M, Vickroy T. Placental transfer of trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole and pentoxifylline in pony mares. Anim Reprod Sci. 2006;94:432-433.Reed S, Baylv W, Sellon D. 2005. Medicina Interna Equina. Parte II. Editorial Intermédica. Segunda Edición. 1204-1205.Renaudin C, Liu I, Troedsson M. Transrectal ultrasonographic diagnosis of ascending placentitis in the mare: a report of two cases. Equine Vet Educ. 1999;11(2):69-74.Bailey C, Macpherson M, Pozor M, Troedsson M, Benson S, Giguere S, et al. Treatment efficacy of trimethoprim sulphametoxazole, pentoxifilyne and altrenogest in experimentally induced equine placentitis. Theriogenology. 2010;74:402-412.Benirschke K. Fetal consequences of amniotic fluid meconium. Contemporary Obstetrics & Gynecology. 2001;46:76-83.Brinsko S. How to perform uterine lavage: Indications and practical techniques. Proc Am Assoc Equine Pract. 2001;47:407-411.Bucca S, Fogarty U, Collins A, Small V. Assessment of feto-placental well-being in the mare from mid-gestation to term: transrectal and transabdominal ultrasonographic features. Theriogenology. 2005;64:542-557.Campos I, de Souza G, Pinna A, Ferreira A. Transrectal ultrasonography for measuring of combined uteroplacental thickness in pregnant Mangalarga Marchador mares. Theriogenology. 2017;96:142-144.Canisso I, Ball B, Erol E, Squires E, Troedsson M. Comprehensive review on equine placentitis. Proc Am Assoc Equine Pract. 2015;61:490-509.Canisso I, Rodriguez J, Sanz M, Coutinho da Silva M. A clinical approach to the diagnosis and treatment of retained fetal membranes with an emphasis placed on the critically III mare. J Equine Vet Sci. 2013;33:570-579.Carleton C. 2011. Equine theriogenology. Michigan:Wiley-Blackwell. Pp.426-432.Christiansen D, Moultona K, Hopper R, Walters F, Cooleya A, LeBlanc M. et al. Evidenced-based medicine approach to develop efficacious therapies for late-gestation mares presenting with uterine infections using an experimentally-induced placentitis model. Anim Reprod Sci. 2010;121:S345-S346.Colón J. 2009. Apariencia en la ecografía transrectal del engrosamiento combinado útero-placentario anormal en el último período de la gestación La especie Equina N°28. 20-32.Córdoba A. 2006. Factores relacionados con el aborto en yeguas. Revista Electrónica de Veterinaria REDVET. http://www.veterinaria.org/revistas/ redvet/n010106.htmlCudmore L, Muurlink T, Whittem T, Bailey S. Effects of oral clenbuterol on the clinical and inflammatory response to endotoxaemia in the horse. Res Vet Sci. 2013;94:682-686.Curcio B, Canisso I, Pazinato F, Borba L. et al. Estradiol cypionate aided treatment for experimentally induced ascending placentitis in mares. Theriogenology. 2017;102:98-107.Hafez E, Hafez B. 2002. Caballos. Capítulo 14. Reproducción e inseminación artificial en animales. McGraw-Hill Interamericana. 7ª edición. México. 199–216.Hong C, Donahue R, Giles Jr M, Petrites-Murphy M, Poonacha K, Roberts A, et al. Etiology and pathology of equine placentitis. J Vet Diagn Inv. 1993;5:56-63.LeBlanc M. 2004. Ascending placentitis in the mare: what we learned from an experimental model. In: Procceding of the 10 Congresso Nazionala Multisala SIVE Perugia.Ithaca: International Veterinary Information Service.LeBlanc M, Giguere S, Lester G, Bauer K, Paccamonti L. Relationship between infection, inflammation and premature parturition in mares with experimentally induced placentitis. Equine Vet J Suppl. 2012;41:8-14.LeBlanc M, Macpherson M, Sheerin P. 2004. Ascending placentitis: What we know about pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment. In: Proceedings of the 50th Annual Convention of the American Association of Equine Practitioners. Denver, Colorado. Ithaca: International Veterinary Information Service.LeBlanc M. Ascending placentitis in the mare: an update. Reprod Dom Anim. 2010;45:28-34.LeBlanc M. Common peripartum problems in the mare. J Equine Vet Sci. 2008;28:709-715.Lopate C, Leblanc M, Pascoe R, Knottenbelt D. 2003. Parturition. In: Knottenbelt, D; LeBlanc, M; Lopate, C; Pascoe, R; editors. Equine stud farm medicine and surgery. Edinburgh: Saunders. Pp. 269-324.Lyle S. Immunology of infective preterm delivery in the mare. Equine Vet J 2014;46:661-668.Macpherson M, Bailey C. A clinical approach to managing the mare with placentitis. Theriogenology. 2008;70:435-440.Munroe G, Weese J. 2011. Equine Clinical Medicine, Surgery, and reproduction. Barcelona: Manson. 272.Ousey J, Houghton E, Grainger L, Rossdale P, Fowden A. Progestagen profiles during the last trimester of gestation in thoroughbred mares with normal or compromised pregnancies. Theriogenology. 2005;63:1844-1856.Ousey J, Kolling M, Allen W. The effecs of maternal dexamethasone treatment on gestation length and foal maturation in Thoroughbred mares. Anim Reprod Sci. 2006;94:436-438.Pycock J. 2009. Complicaciones de la gestación avanzada en la yegua. Congreso Argentino de Reproducción Equina, 18-21 de marzo de 37-42.Rapacz A, Pazdizior K, Ras A, Rotkiewicz T, Janowski T. Retained fetal membrane in heavy draft mares associated with histological abnormalities. J Equine Vet Sci. 2012;32:38-44.Rebello S, Macpherson M, Murchie T, LeBlanc M, Vickroy T. Placental transfer of trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole and pentoxifylline in pony mares. Anim Reprod Sci. 2006;94:432-433.Reed S, Baylv W, Sellon D. 2005. Medicina Interna Equina. Parte II. Editorial Intermédica. Segunda Edición. 1204-1205.Renaudin C, Liu I, Troedsson M. Transrectal ultrasonographic diagnosis of ascending placentitis in the mare: a report of two cases. Equine Vet Educ. 1999;11(2):69-74.Renaudin C, Liu I, Troedsson M. Transrectal ultrasonographic diagnosis of ascending placentitis in the mare: a report of two cases. Equine Vet Education. 1999;11:69-74.Renaudin C, Troedsson M, Gillis C, King V, Bodena A. Ultrasonographic evaluation of the equine placenta by transrectal and transabdominal approach in the normal pregnant mare. Theriogenology. 1997;47:559-573.Roberts S. 1986. Veterinary Obstetrics and Genital Diseases. Theriogenology. In: Roberts S.J. ed., North Pomfret, Vt, 3rd ed. 162. 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Proc Am Assoc Equine Pract. 2016;62:351https://orinoquia.unillanos.edu.co/index.php/orinoquia/article/download/531/1095247223622OrinoquiaPublicationOREORE.xmltext/xml2736https://repositorio.unillanos.edu.co/bitstreams/e692efe2-918d-47f0-a74d-6d2fd3a8a5fd/download17c02d6f2fb99efea4152da671bb7564MD51001/3940oai:repositorio.unillanos.edu.co:001/39402024-07-25 13:14:51.645https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/Orinoquia - 2019metadata.onlyhttps://repositorio.unillanos.edu.coRepositorio Universidad de Los Llanosrepositorio@unillanos.edu.co

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