Caracterización fenotípica y molecular de resistencia inducida por aplicaciones de silicio y biochar en etapa vegetativa de tomate (Solanum lycopersicum) haciafusarium oxysporium F. SP. Lycopersici raza 26202
Figuras, tablas, gráficos, imágenes y fotografías.
- Autores:
-
Serna Maldonado, Christian Mateo
- Tipo de recurso:
- Trabajo de grado de pregrado
- Fecha de publicación:
- 2017
- Institución:
- Universidad de los Llanos
- Repositorio:
- Repositorio Digital Universidad de los LLanos
- Idioma:
- spa
- OAI Identifier:
- oai:repositorio.unillanos.edu.co:001/2969
- Acceso en línea:
- https://repositorio.unillanos.edu.co/handle/001/2969
https://repositorio.unillanos.edu.co/
- Palabra clave:
- Manejo de suelos
Cultivos alimenticios
Hortalizas
Carbón vegetal
Cultivo de tomate
- Rights
- openAccess
- License
- Derechos Reservados - Universidad de los Llanos, 2017
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Caracterización fenotípica y molecular de resistencia inducida por aplicaciones de silicio y biochar en etapa vegetativa de tomate (Solanum lycopersicum) haciafusarium oxysporium F. SP. Lycopersici raza 26202 |
| title |
Caracterización fenotípica y molecular de resistencia inducida por aplicaciones de silicio y biochar en etapa vegetativa de tomate (Solanum lycopersicum) haciafusarium oxysporium F. SP. Lycopersici raza 26202 |
| spellingShingle |
Caracterización fenotípica y molecular de resistencia inducida por aplicaciones de silicio y biochar en etapa vegetativa de tomate (Solanum lycopersicum) haciafusarium oxysporium F. SP. Lycopersici raza 26202 Manejo de suelos Cultivos alimenticios Hortalizas Carbón vegetal Cultivo de tomate |
| title_short |
Caracterización fenotípica y molecular de resistencia inducida por aplicaciones de silicio y biochar en etapa vegetativa de tomate (Solanum lycopersicum) haciafusarium oxysporium F. SP. Lycopersici raza 26202 |
| title_full |
Caracterización fenotípica y molecular de resistencia inducida por aplicaciones de silicio y biochar en etapa vegetativa de tomate (Solanum lycopersicum) haciafusarium oxysporium F. SP. Lycopersici raza 26202 |
| title_fullStr |
Caracterización fenotípica y molecular de resistencia inducida por aplicaciones de silicio y biochar en etapa vegetativa de tomate (Solanum lycopersicum) haciafusarium oxysporium F. SP. Lycopersici raza 26202 |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Caracterización fenotípica y molecular de resistencia inducida por aplicaciones de silicio y biochar en etapa vegetativa de tomate (Solanum lycopersicum) haciafusarium oxysporium F. SP. Lycopersici raza 26202 |
| title_sort |
Caracterización fenotípica y molecular de resistencia inducida por aplicaciones de silicio y biochar en etapa vegetativa de tomate (Solanum lycopersicum) haciafusarium oxysporium F. SP. Lycopersici raza 26202 |
| dc.creator.fl_str_mv |
Serna Maldonado, Christian Mateo |
| dc.contributor.advisor.none.fl_str_mv |
Cárdenas Hernández, Julián Fernando |
| dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv |
Serna Maldonado, Christian Mateo |
| dc.subject.armarc.none.fl_str_mv |
Manejo de suelos Cultivos alimenticios Hortalizas Carbón vegetal Cultivo de tomate |
| topic |
Manejo de suelos Cultivos alimenticios Hortalizas Carbón vegetal Cultivo de tomate |
| description |
Figuras, tablas, gráficos, imágenes y fotografías. |
| publishDate |
2017 |
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2017 |
| dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv |
2023-08-23T20:39:58Z |
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2023-08-23T20:39:58Z |
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Trabajo de grado - Pregrado |
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Serna Maldonado, Christian Mateo. (2017). Caracterización fenotípica y molecular de resistencia inducida por aplicaciones de silicio y biochar en etapa vegetativa de tomate (solanum lycopersicum) haciafusarium oxysporium F. SP. Lycopersici raza 26202 [Trabajo de grado, Universidad de los Llanos]. Repositorio digital Universidad de los Llanos. |
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https://repositorio.unillanos.edu.co/handle/001/2969 |
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Universidad de los Llanos |
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Repositorio digital Universidad de los Llanos |
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https://repositorio.unillanos.edu.co/ |
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Serna Maldonado, Christian Mateo. (2017). Caracterización fenotípica y molecular de resistencia inducida por aplicaciones de silicio y biochar en etapa vegetativa de tomate (solanum lycopersicum) haciafusarium oxysporium F. SP. Lycopersici raza 26202 [Trabajo de grado, Universidad de los Llanos]. Repositorio digital Universidad de los Llanos. Universidad de los Llanos Repositorio digital Universidad de los Llanos |
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https://repositorio.unillanos.edu.co/handle/001/2969 https://repositorio.unillanos.edu.co/ |
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Aberg, G. (1995). The use of natural strontium isotopes as tracers in environmentalstudies. Water Air Soil Pollut, 79:309–322. Allen BL, H. B. (1989). Mineral occurrence in soil environments. In Minerals in soil environments (pp. 199-279). Madison: Soil Science Society of America. Andrade CCL, R. R. (2013). Silicon reduces bacterial speck development on tomato leaves. Trop Plant Pathol , 38:436–442. Baum, E. y. (2006). BIOCHAR Application on Soils and Cellulosic Ethanol Production. Boston, MA: Clean Air Task Force State Climate Network. Beckwith RS, R. R. (1963). Studies on soluble silica in soils. I. The sorption of silicic acid by soils and minerals. Aust J Soil Res , 1:157–168. Brodowski, S. B. (2004). Origin, Function, and Reactivity of Black Carbon in the Arable Soil. Environment. Byrne, C. E. (1997). Carbonized wood monoliths – characterization’,. In Carbon, vol 32 (pp. 267-273). Cheng, C. H. (2006). Oxidation of black carbon by biotic and abiotic processes. Organic Geochemistry, vol 37, pp1477–1488. Cole Trapnell, M. C. (2009). Optimizing data intensive GPGPU computations for DNA sequence alignment. In Parallel Computing (pp. 429-440). ELSEVIER. Cornelis JT, T. H. (2011). Identification and distribution of the readily soluble silicon pool in a temperate forest soil below three distinct tree species. Plant Soil , 42:369–378 . Cornell RM, S. U. (1996). The iron oxides: structure, properties, reactions, occurence and uses., . VCH Weinheim/New York. Datnoff, D. ,. (1997). Silicon fertilization for disease management of rice in Florida. Crop Prot, 16:525–531. Datnoff, L. R. (2007). Silicon and plant disease. In E. W. Datnoff LE, Mineral nutrition and plant disease (pp. 223-246). St. Paul: The American Phytopathological SocietY. Davy. (1819). Elements of agricultural chemistry: in a course of lectures for the Board of Agriculture. Hartford: Hudson and Company Printers. Dove PM, H. N. (2008). Kinetics of amorphous silica dissolution and the paradox of the silica polymorphs. Proc Natl Acad Sci, 105:9903–9908 . Emmerich, F. G. (1987). Applications of a granular model and percolation theory to the electrical resistivity of heat treated endocarp of babassu nut. Carbon, vol 25: 417-424. Epstein. (1994). The anomaly of silicon in plant biology. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci, 91: 11-17. Fabricio R, L. D. (2015). Silicon and Plant Diseases. Switzerland: Spring. FAOSTATS. (2013). Crop production. http://faostat3.fao.org/download/Q/QC/E. Fauteux F, C. F. (2006). The protective role of silicon in the Arabidopsis–powdery mildew pathosystem. . Proc Natl Acad Sci, 103:17554–17559. Fletcher, J. T. (1972). Spread and Control of Fusarium Wilt of Carnations. Plant Pathology, 25: 81- 84. Fortunato AA, d. S. (2014). Phenylpropanoid pathway is potentiated by silicon in the roots of banana plants during the infection process of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense . Phytopatology, 104:597-603. Fortunato AA, R. F. (2012). Physiological and biochemical aspects of the resistance of banana plants to Fusarium wilt potentiated by silicon. Phytopathology, 102:957–966. François, F. R.‐b. (2005). Silicon and plant disease resistance against pathogenic fungi. FEMS Microbiology Letters, Vol.249(1), pp.1-6. Ghareeb H, B. Z. (2011). Transcriptome of silicon-induced resistance against Ralstonia solanacearum in the silicon non-accumulator tomato implicates priming effect. . Physiol Mol Plant Pathol , 75:83–89. Gladkova, K. (1982). The role of silicon in phosphate plant nutrition. Agrochemistry. Gladkova, K. (1982). The role of silicon in phosphate plant nutrition. Agrochemistry, 2:133. Glaser, B. B. (2000). Black carbon in density fractions of anthropogenic soils of the Brazilian Amazon region. Organic Geochemistry, vol 31, pp669–678. Goodall DW, G. F. (1947). Chemical Composition of Plants as an Index of their nutritional status. Plant. Crops Tech. Commun. No. 17, 167. Grob. (1896). Beitrage zur anatomie der epidermis der gramineen blatter. Biblioth Bot 7:1–64. Guo, J. a. (1998). Characterization of chars pyrolyzed from oil palm stones for the preparation of activated carbons. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, vol 46 pp113–125. Hall, A. a. (1906). On the funtion of silica in the nutrition of cereals. Royal soc. London Ser. Heiser, A. (1999). "New" Solanums. In J. Janick, Perspectives on (pp. 379- 384). Virginia: ASHS Press. Iler. (1979). The chemistry of silica. Wiley, 621. Infoagro Systems. (2016, 3 12). Cultivo del Tomate. Retrieved from Infoagro: http://www.infoagro.com/hortalizas/tomate.htm Ishiguro. (2001). Review of research in Japan on the roles of silicon in conferring resistance. In S. G. Datnoff LE, Silicon in agriculture (pp. 277-291). Amsterdan: Elsevier Science. Iswaran, K. J. (1980). Effect of charcoal, coal and peat on the yield of moong, soybean and pea. Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 12, 191–192. Iwasaki, K., Maier, P., Fecht, M., & Horst, W. J. (2002). Leaf apoplastic silicon enhances manganese tolerance of cowpea ( Vigna unguiculata). Journal of Plant Physiology, Vol.159(2), pp.167-173. Jones, J. a. (1981). Fusarium-incited diseases of tomato and potato and their control. In T. T. P.E. Nelson, Fusarium: Diseases, Biology, and Taxonomy (pp. 157168). University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press. Kaim W, S. B. (1994). Bioinorganic Chemistry: Inorganic Elements in the Chemestry of Life. UK, Wiley: Chichester. Kinet, J. a. (1997). Tomato. In H. Wien, The Physiology of vegetable crops (pp. pp. 207–258). Wallingford, UK: CAB International. Kozaka. (1963). Control of rice blast by cultivation practices in Japan. In: The rice blast disease,. The John Hopkins Press, 421-438. Lehmann, J. d. (2003). Nutrient availabilityand leaching in an archaeological Anthrosol and a Ferralsol of the Central Amazon basin: Fertilis Lehmann, J., & Joseph, S. (2012). Biochar for Environmental Management : Science and Technolog . eblib. Liang YC, S. W. (2005). Effects of foliar‐and root‐applied silicon on the enhancement of induced resistance to powdery mildew in Cucumis sativus. Plant Pathol, 54:678–685. Libardo Santacruz, R. B. (2010, august). CONCLUSIONES MANEJO NUTRICIONAL DE LA PALMA DE ACEITE CON RESPECTO A PROBLEMAS SANITARIOS .Retrieved from ResearchGate: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/260201842_CONCLUSIONES_M ANEJO_NUTRICIONAL_DE_LA_PALMA_DE_ACEITE_CON_RESPECTO _A_PROBLEMAS_SANITARIOS Liebig, J. (1840). Organic chemistry and its applications to agriculture and physiology. Londres: Taylor and Walton. Ma JF, G. S. (2001). Role of root hairs and lateral roots in silicon uptake by rice. Plant Physiol , 127:1773–1780 . Ma, J. F. (2004). Role of silicon in enhancing the resistance of plants to biotic and abiotic stresses. Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, Vol.50(1), p.11-18. Ma, T. K. (2006). A silicon transporter in rice. Nature, 440:688–691. Major J, M. R. (2010). Maize yield and nutrition during 4 years after biochar application to a Colombian savanna oxisol. Plant and Soil, 333, 117–128. Matichencov VV, B. E. (2001). The relationship between silicon and soil physical and chemical properties. In S. G. Datnoff LE, Silicon in agriculture. (pp. 209–219 ). Amsterdan: Elsevier. Matichenkov VV, B. E. (2001). A proposed history of silicon fertilization. In S. G. Datnoff LE, Silicon in agriculture, Studies in plant science vol 8 (p. 36). Amsterdan: Elsevier Science. Matinchekov, A. (1996). Effect of amorphous silica on soil properties of a sodpodzolic soil. Eurasian soil science, 28:87. McKeague JA, C. M. (1963). Silica in soil solutions. I. The form and concentration of dissolved silica in aqueous extracts of some soils. Can J Soil Sci, 43:70–82. McKeague JA, C. M. (1963). Silica in soil solutions. I. The form and concentration of dissolved silica in aqueous extracts of some soils. Can J Soil Sci, 43:70–82. Monger HC, K. E. (2007). Silica minerals. In: Soil Mineralogy with environmental applications. . Soil Science Society of America, 611–636 . Neves, P. J. (2003). Historical and socio-cultural origins of Amazonian dark earths. In K. D. Lehman J, Amazonian Dark Earths: Origins, Properties, Management. (pp. 29-50). The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Publishers. New England Biolabs. (2017, Enero 6). https://www.neb.com. Retrieved from https://www.neb.com/applications/cloning-and-synthetic-biology/dnapreparation/reverse-transcription-cdna-synthesis Nguyen, B. L. (2008). Long-term black carbon dynamics in cultivated soil. Biogeochemistry, vol 89, pp295–308. Norton. (1984). Micromorphology of silica cementation in soils. In H. G. RingroseVoase AJ, Soil micromorphology: studies in management and genesis (pp. 22:811–824 ). Soil Sci. Ogawa, M. a. (1986). Effects of charcoal on VA mycorrhizae and nodule formation of soybeans. Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Japan. Onedera. (1917). Chemical studies on rice blast. J Sci Agric Soc, 180:606–617. O'Reilly, S. E. (1995). Phosphorus adsorption and desorption in a sandy soil amended with high rates of coal fly ash. Com. Soil Sci. and Plant Anal., 26:2983. Orlov. (1985). Soil chemistry. Moscow, Russia: Moscow state University. Pontigo S, R. A. (2015). Silicon in vascular plants: uptake, transport and its influence on mineral stress under acidic conditions. Publmed, 242(1):23-37. Raleigh. (1939). Evidence for the essentiality of silicon for growth of the beet plant. Plant Physiol, 14:823-828. Raveendran, K. G. (1995). Influence of mineral matter on biomass pyrolysis characteristics. Fuel, vol 74:1812-1822. Rémus-Borel W, M. J. (2005). Silicon induces antifungal compounds in powdery mildew-infected wheat. Physiol Mol Plant Pathol, 66:108–115. Robinson, M. D. (2010). edgeR: a Bioconductor package for differential expression analysis of digital gene expression data. Bioinformatics, 139-140. Rodrigues FA, J. W. (2005). Silicon infl uences cytological and molecular events in compatible and incompatible rice- Magnaporthe grisea interactions. Physiol Mol Plant Pathol , 66:144–159 . Rodrigues FA, M. D. (2004). Silicon enhances the accumulation of diterpenoid phytoalexins in rice: a potential mechanism for blast resistance. Phytopathology, 94:177–183. Ruzin, S. E. (1999). Plant microtechniques and microscopy. Oxford University Press. Sach. (1865). Handbuch der Experimental-Physiologie. In Leipzig, Verlag von Wilhelm Engelmann (p. 514). Saussure, D. (1804). Recherches chimiques sur la végétation. Chez la veuve Nyon. Paris. Savant NK, S. G. (1997). Silicon management and sustainable rice production. Adv Agron , 58:151–199. Schmidt, M. I. (2002). ‘Carbon isotope geochemistry and nanomorphology of soil black carbon: Black chernozemic soils in central Europe originate from ancient biomass burning. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, vol 16, pGB1123. Siemonsma, J. a. (1993). No. 8: Vegetables. In Prosea: Plant Resources of SouthEast Asia (pp. pp. 1199–1205). Wageningen, The Netherlands: Pudoc Scientific Publishers. Siever R, W. N. (1973). Sorption of silica by clay minerals. Geochim Cosmochim Acta , 37:1851–1880 Sims, W. (1980). History of tomato production for industry around the world. Acta Horticulture 100, 25. Singh, K. P. (1992). Phosphorus availability in soil as affected by fertilizerphosphorus, sodium silicate and farmyard manure. J. Indian Soc. Soil. Sci., 40:762. Sjöström, E. (1992). Wood Chemistry: Fundamentals and Applications, second edition. San Diego, US: Academic Press. Suzuki. (1940). On the relationship between rice susceptibility and penetration into host plants. Ngyo Oyobi Engei, 10:1999–2010 . Suzuki. (1963). Nature of resistance to blast. In: The rice blast disease, International Rice Institute. The John Hopkins Press, 277-301. Takahasi E, M. J. (1990). The possibility of silicon as an essential element for higher plants. Comments Agric Food Chem, 2:99–122 . Taylor, I. (1986). Biosystematics of the tomato. In J. a. Atherton, The Tomato Crop. A Scientific Basis for Improvement. (pp. 1 - 34). New York: Chapman & Hall. Tottingham. (1908). The status of silicon in certain plants. Madison: Master of Science, University of Wisconsin. Toussoun, T. a. (2016, march 10). Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (Sacc.) W.C. Snyder and H.N. Hans. Retrieved from NC State University: https://www.cals.ncsu.edu/course/pp728/Fusarium/Fusarium_oxysporum.ht m Van Hulten M, P. M. (2006). Costs and benefi ts of priming for defense in Arabidopsis. Proc Natl Acad Sci , 103:5602–5607 . Wagner. (1940). Die Bedeutung der Kieselsäure für das Wachstum einiger Kulturpfl anzen, ihren Nahrstoffhaushalt und ihre Anfälligkeit gegen echte Mehltaupilze. Phytopathol Ztschr, 12:427-479. Wardle D, O. Z. (1998). The charcoal effect in Boreal forests: mechanisms and ecological consequences. Oecologia, 115, 419–426. Wengel, M. K. (2006). Degradation of organic matter from black shales and charcoal by the wood-rotting fungus Schizophyllum commune and release of DOC and heavy metals in the aqueous phase. Science of the Total Environment, 383393. Williams LA, C. D. (1985). Silica diagenesis. II. General mechanisms. J Sed Pet , 55:312–321 . Winslow, M. D. (1995). Silicon: A New Macronutrient Deficiency in Upland Rice. In Silicon: A New Macronutrient Deficiency in Upland Rice (pp. 20 - 36). Palmira: CIAT. Yoshida S, O. Y. (1962). Chemical forms, mobility, and deposition of silicon in the rice plant. Soil Sci Plant Nutr, 8:107–111. Yoshida S, O. Y. (1962). Histochemistry of Si in rice tissues. III. The presence of cuticle-silica double layer in the epidermal tissue. Soil Sci Plant Nutr , 8:1-5. Young, L. (2015). Silicon Biogeochemestry and Bioavailability in Soil. In B. R. Liang Y, Silicon in Agriculture: From Theory to Practice (pp. 46-49). New York: Springer. |
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Cárdenas Hernández, Julián Fernando2b29a1ec25411c5d8ca60543835e5cf8Serna Maldonado, Christian Mateo03b44fe696e95763dbc61a4016efa2e02023-08-23T20:39:58Z2023-08-23T20:39:58Z2017Serna Maldonado, Christian Mateo. (2017). Caracterización fenotípica y molecular de resistencia inducida por aplicaciones de silicio y biochar en etapa vegetativa de tomate (solanum lycopersicum) haciafusarium oxysporium F. SP. Lycopersici raza 26202 [Trabajo de grado, Universidad de los Llanos]. Repositorio digital Universidad de los Llanos.https://repositorio.unillanos.edu.co/handle/001/2969Universidad de los LlanosRepositorio digital Universidad de los Llanoshttps://repositorio.unillanos.edu.co/Figuras, tablas, gráficos, imágenes y fotografías.Este proyecto de investigacion fue realizado en las instalaciones del laboratorio IyerPascuzzi, perteneciente al departamento de botanica y fitopatologia de la Universidad de Purdue, West Lafayette. IN. USA. El trabajo busca alternativas de control de la enfermedad del suelo Fusarium oxisporium de tipo organico, practico, a bajo costo y efectivas para ser usadas por campesinos de la region del ariari y asi, brindar viabilidad fitosanitaria al cultivo del tomate a esta region de los Llanos Orientales de Colombia ya que las condiciones de edafoclimaticas son propicias para la proliferacion de esta enfermedad. La investigacion evaluo el efecto de la aplicación de enmiendas de Silicio y Biochar en plantas de tomate en estado vegetativo en el desarrollo de la enfermedad fúngica Fusarium oxysporium f. sp.lycopersici raza 26202. También hubo lugar a diversas pruebas de laboratorio enfocadas hacia el efecto de la aplicación de silicio a nivel fenotípico y molecular, donde se cuantifico y/o evaluó: acumulación de biomasa, acumulación de pigmentos (clorofila y antocianina) usando espectrofotómetro, colonización del patógeno a nivel vascular usando preservación de tejidos por técnica de parafina y posterior corte con micrótomo y expresión del gen de defensa PR-1 por electroforesis en gel.This research project was performed at the Iyer-Pascuzzi lab, which belongs to the botany and plant pathology department of Purdue University, West Lafayette. IN. USA. This research project aimed to use organic, practical, low cost and effective alternative strategies to control the soil borne pathogen Fusarium oxisporium. Thus, allowing farmers from the Ariari river basin cultivate tomato in this specific region of the oriental plains of Colombia which It´s soil/weather conditions allows this pathogen to thrive and spread. This research assessed the effect of Silicon and Biochar amendments on tomato plants in vegetative stage on the development of the soil borne disease Fusarium oxysporium f. sp.lycopersici strain 26202. The research also performed several laboratory trials emphasized on the effect of silicon amendments and It´s effect in a phenotypic and molecular level. Where It was quantified or assessed: biomass accumulation, pigments accumulation (chlorophyll and anthocyanin) using spectrophotometer, vascular colonization by the pathogen by paraffin preservation and later microscope analysis and gel electrophoresis for the defense gene PR-1.Contenido. – Introducción. – Objetivos. -- Objetivo general. -- Objetivos específicos. – Justificación. Planteamiento del problema. -- Revisión de literatura. – Tomate. -- Clasificación taxonómica. -- Origen e historia. -- Descripción botánica. -- Temperatura. -- Humedad. -- Luminosidad. -- Suelo. -- Fusarium oxysporium f. sp. Lycopersici. – Identificación. -- Síntomas. -- Ecología y ciclo biológico. -- Control. -- Rol del silicio en la agricultura. -- Historia. -- Descubrimiento de afectación de silicio en enfermedades de plantas monocotiledóneas. -- Descubrimiento de afectación de silicio en enfermedades de plantas dicotiledóneas. -- Silicio en los suelos. -- Silicio en las plantas. -- Toma de silicio, transporte y deposición en plantas. -- Inducción de mecanismos de defensa por aplicaciones de silicio. -- Fuente de silicio a usar en el experimento. – Biochar. -- Propiedades físicas del biochar. -- Estructura del biochar. -- Pirolisis. -- Densidad del biochar. -- Propiedades micro-químicas. -- Minerales trazas. -- Contenido de nutrientes. -- Propiedades biológicas. -- Estabilidad en el suelo. -- Interacción con minerales. -- Mecanismos de descomposición. -- Efectos en lixiviación de nutrientes. -- Implementación en oxisoles de la orinoquia colombiana. -- Materiales y métodos. – Localización. -- Enmiendas a evaluar. -- Variedades de tomate a evaluar. -- Fase de invernadero. -- Evaluar el efecto de la aplicación de biochar y si en la colonización del hongo patógeno (fusarium oxysporium f. sp. lycopersici) en plantas de tomate (solanum lycopersicon). -- Fase de laboratorio. -- Desarrollo de protocolo de crecimiento de fusarium. -- Desarrollo de protocolo de inoculación con fusarium oxysporium f. sp.lycopersici plantas de tomate (solanum lycopersicon). -- Cuantificación de acumulación de biomasa y altura en plantas de tomate (solanum lycopersicon) en etapa vegetativa. -- Cuantificación del contenido de clorofila en diferentes plantas de tomate (solanum ) con tratamientos +/- si y +/- si+bc después de inocular con el hongo patógeno (fusarium oxysporium f. sp. lycopersici). -- Medir el contenido de antocianina en diferentes plantas de tomate (solanum lycopersicon) con tratamientos +/- si y +/- si+bc después de inocular con el hongo patógeno (fusarium oxysporium f. sp. lycopersici). -- Análisis de colonización del patógeno (fusarium oxysporium f. sp. lycopersici raza 26202) en el sistema vascular de diferentes variedades de tomate (solanum lycopersicon) en estado vegetativo mediante técnica de preservación en parafina y seccionamiento de tejido vegetal. -- Evaluación de efecto de si y si+bc en la expresión génica de las plantas con énfasis en genes de defensa (genes pr) mediante técnica pcrsemi-cuantitativo (reacción en cadena de la polimerasa). -- Diseño estadístico. -- Análisis estadístico. – Resultados. -- Cuantificación del efecto de aplicación de silicio en acumulación de biomasa y altura en plantas de tomate (solanum lycopersicon) en etapa vegetativa. -- Efecto de la aplicación de biochar y silicio en la colonización del hongo patógeno (fusarium oxysporium f. sp. lycopersici raza 26202) en plantas de tomate (solanum lycopersicon). -- Biochar. -- Silicio. -- Efecto de la aplicación de biochar+silicio y silicio en dos variedades de tomate eleccionadas como resistente (m82) y susceptible (wv). -- Efecto de la aplicación de biochar+silicio en la afectación de área foliar del hongo patógeno (fusarium oxysporium f. sp. lycopersici raza 26202) en plantas de tomate (solanum lycopersicon) variedades m82 y wv. -- Efecto de la aplicación de silicio en la afectación de área foliar del hongo patógeno (fusarium oxysporium f. sp. lycopersici raza 26202) en plantas de tomate (solanum lycopersicon) variedades m82 y wv. -- Contenido de pigmentos (clorofila y antocianina) en las variedades de tomate m82 y wv tratadas enmiendas de si y si+bc. -- Análisis de colonización del patógeno (fusarium oxysporium f. sp. lycopersici raza 26202) en el sistema vascular de variedades de tomate (solanum lycopersicon) m82 y wv tratadas con silicio en estado vegetativo mediante técnica de preservación en parafina y seccionamiento de tejido vegetal. -- Evaluación de efecto de si y si+bc en la expresión génotipica de la variedad wv en el gen de defensa (gene pr-1) mediante técnica pcr semicuantitativo (reacción en cadena de la polimerasa). -- Analisis de resultados. -- Cuantificación del efecto de aplicación de silicio en acumulación de biomasa y altura en plantas de tomate (solanum lycopersicon) en etapa vegetativa. -- Efecto de la aplicación de biochar y silicio en la colonización del hongo patógeno (fusarium oxysporium f. sp. lycopersici raza 26202) en plantas de tomate (lycopersicum sculentum). -- Efecto de la aplicación de biochar+silicio y silicio en dos variedades de tomate seleccionadas como resistente (m82) y susceptible (wv). -- Efecto de la aplicación de biochar+silicio en la afectación de área foliar del hongo patógeno (fusarium oxysporium f. sp. lycopersici raza 26202) en plantas de tomate (solanum lycopersicon) variedades m82 y wv. -- Efecto de la aplicación de silicio en la afectación de área foliar del hongo patógeno (fusarium oxysporium f. sp. lycopersici raza 26202) en plantas de tomate (solanum lycopersicon) variedades m82 y wv. -- Contenido de pigmentos (clorofila y antocianina) en las variedades de tomate m82 y wv tratadas enmiendas de si y si+bc. -- Análisis de colonización del patógeno (fusarium oxysporium f. sp. lycopersici raza 26202) en el sistema vascular de variedades de tomate (solanum lycopersicon) m82 y wv tratadas con silicio en estado vegetativo mediante técnica de preservación en parafina y seccionamiento de tejido vegetal. -- Evaluación de efecto de si y si+bc en la expresión génotipica de la variedad wv en el gen de defensa (gene pr-1) mediante técnica pcr semicuantitativo (reacción en cadena de la polimerasa). – Concluciones. – Anexos. – Bibliografia.PregradoIngeniero(a) Agrónomo(a)Ingeniería Agronómica194 páginasapplication/pdfspaUniversidad de los LlanosFacultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Recursos NaturalesVillavicencioDerechos Reservados - Universidad de los Llanos, 2017https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC-ND 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los Llanos, 2017open.accesshttps://dspace7-unillanos.metacatalogo.orgRepositorio Universidad de Los Llanosrepositorio@unillanos.edu.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