Inflamación neurocrónica en la Enfermedad de Alzheimer: Papel en los síntomas clínicos, estrategias de diagnóstico y prevención
ilustraciones, gráficos, tablas
- Autores:
-
Alhay España, Leyla Catalina
Daza Ramirez, Angélica María
Garavito Becerra, Diana Marcela
García Meléndez, Isabella
López Marmolejo, Valentina
Santanilla Lugo, Daniela
- Tipo de recurso:
- Trabajo de grado de pregrado
- Fecha de publicación:
- 2024
- Institución:
- Unidad Central del Valle del Cauca
- Repositorio:
- Repositorio Institucional - Unidad Central del Valle del Cauca
- Idioma:
- spa
- OAI Identifier:
- oai:repositorio.uceva.edu.co:20.500.12993/4388
- Acceso en línea:
- http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12993/4388
- Palabra clave:
- Inflamación neurocrónica
Alzheimer
Células inmunes
Citocinas
Deterioro cognitivo
Placas amiloides
Ovillos neurofibrilares
Neurochronic inflammation
Alzheimer's
Immune cells
Cytokines
Cognitive impairment
Amyloid plaques
Neurofibrillary tangles
- Rights
- openAccess
- License
- Derechos reservados - Unidad Central del Valle del Cauca
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|
dc.title.spa.fl_str_mv |
Inflamación neurocrónica en la Enfermedad de Alzheimer: Papel en los síntomas clínicos, estrategias de diagnóstico y prevención |
dc.title.titleenglish.spa.fl_str_mv |
Neurochronic inflammation in Alzheimer's Disease: Role in symptoms clinical, diagnostic and prevention strategies |
title |
Inflamación neurocrónica en la Enfermedad de Alzheimer: Papel en los síntomas clínicos, estrategias de diagnóstico y prevención |
spellingShingle |
Inflamación neurocrónica en la Enfermedad de Alzheimer: Papel en los síntomas clínicos, estrategias de diagnóstico y prevención Inflamación neurocrónica Alzheimer Células inmunes Citocinas Deterioro cognitivo Placas amiloides Ovillos neurofibrilares Neurochronic inflammation Alzheimer's Immune cells Cytokines Cognitive impairment Amyloid plaques Neurofibrillary tangles |
title_short |
Inflamación neurocrónica en la Enfermedad de Alzheimer: Papel en los síntomas clínicos, estrategias de diagnóstico y prevención |
title_full |
Inflamación neurocrónica en la Enfermedad de Alzheimer: Papel en los síntomas clínicos, estrategias de diagnóstico y prevención |
title_fullStr |
Inflamación neurocrónica en la Enfermedad de Alzheimer: Papel en los síntomas clínicos, estrategias de diagnóstico y prevención |
title_full_unstemmed |
Inflamación neurocrónica en la Enfermedad de Alzheimer: Papel en los síntomas clínicos, estrategias de diagnóstico y prevención |
title_sort |
Inflamación neurocrónica en la Enfermedad de Alzheimer: Papel en los síntomas clínicos, estrategias de diagnóstico y prevención |
dc.creator.fl_str_mv |
Alhay España, Leyla Catalina Daza Ramirez, Angélica María Garavito Becerra, Diana Marcela García Meléndez, Isabella López Marmolejo, Valentina Santanilla Lugo, Daniela |
dc.contributor.advisor.none.fl_str_mv |
Beltrán Angarita, Leonardo |
dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv |
Alhay España, Leyla Catalina Daza Ramirez, Angélica María Garavito Becerra, Diana Marcela García Meléndez, Isabella López Marmolejo, Valentina Santanilla Lugo, Daniela |
dc.contributor.orcid.spa.fl_str_mv |
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6287-6815 |
dc.subject.proposal.spa.fl_str_mv |
Inflamación neurocrónica Alzheimer Células inmunes Citocinas Deterioro cognitivo Placas amiloides Ovillos neurofibrilares |
topic |
Inflamación neurocrónica Alzheimer Células inmunes Citocinas Deterioro cognitivo Placas amiloides Ovillos neurofibrilares Neurochronic inflammation Alzheimer's Immune cells Cytokines Cognitive impairment Amyloid plaques Neurofibrillary tangles |
dc.subject.keywords.spa.fl_str_mv |
Neurochronic inflammation Alzheimer's Immune cells Cytokines Cognitive impairment Amyloid plaques Neurofibrillary tangles |
description |
ilustraciones, gráficos, tablas |
publishDate |
2024 |
dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv |
2024-06-05T18:13:46Z |
dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv |
2024-06-05T18:13:46Z |
dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv |
2024 |
dc.type.spa.fl_str_mv |
bachelor thesis |
dc.type.local.spa.fl_str_mv |
Tesis/Trabajo de grado - Monografía - Pregrado |
dc.type.coar.spa.fl_str_mv |
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_7a1f |
dc.type.content.spa.fl_str_mv |
Text |
dc.type.driver.spa.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesis |
dc.type.version.spa.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion |
format |
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_7a1f |
status_str |
acceptedVersion |
dc.identifier.citation.spa.fl_str_mv |
Garavito et al. (1) |
dc.identifier.uri.none.fl_str_mv |
http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12993/4388 |
dc.identifier.instname.spa.fl_str_mv |
Instname:Unidad Central del Valle del Cauca |
dc.identifier.reponame.spa.fl_str_mv |
reponame:Repositorio Institucional Unidad Central del Valle del Cauca |
dc.identifier.repourl.none.fl_str_mv |
repourl:https://repositorio.uceva.edu.co/ |
identifier_str_mv |
Garavito et al. (1) Instname:Unidad Central del Valle del Cauca reponame:Repositorio Institucional Unidad Central del Valle del Cauca repourl:https://repositorio.uceva.edu.co/ |
url |
http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12993/4388 |
dc.language.iso.spa.fl_str_mv |
spa |
language |
spa |
dc.relation.references.spa.fl_str_mv |
1. Mufson EJaCSEaGSDaMLaPSEaMSMaLFMaIMD. Nerve growth factor pathobiology during the progression of Alzheimer’s disease. Frontiers in neuroscience. 2019; 13(533). 2. Wang WYaTMSaYJTaTL. Role of pro-inflammatory cytokines released from microglia in Alzheimer’s disease. Annals of translational medicine. 2015; 3(10). 3. MAYOCLINIC. Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médicas. [Online].; 2024 [cited 2024 05 13. Available from: https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/alzheimersdisease/symptoms-causes/syc-20350447. 4. RUNWAL P. NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC. [Online].; 2023 [cited 2023 05 13. Available from: https://www.nationalgeographic.es/ciencia/2023/01/por-que-el-nuevo-farmaco-contra-el-alzheimersuscita-tanto-optimismo-y-cautela. 5. Mintun MaLGaSYaDCaLSYaMRaKWaMCaDSaMJ. [11C] PIB in a nondemented population: potential antecedent marker of Alzheimer disease. Neurology. 2006; 67(3): p. 446-452. 6. Garc. Biomarcadores en la enfermedad de Alzheimer. Rev. Neurol. 2014; 58(7). 7. Wilkins CHaGEAaSSEaMDWaMJC. The neuropathology of Alzheimer disease in African American and white individuals. Archives of Neurology. 2006; 63(1). 8. SPRINGER NATURE. Journal of Neuroinflammation. [Online].; 2424 [cited 2424 05 13. Available from: https://jneuroinflammation.biomedcentral.com/. 9. Hannoodee SaNDN. Acute inflammatory response. In ; 2020. 10. Ader RaCN. CNS--immune system interactions: Conditioning phenomena. Behavioral and Brain Sciences. 1985; 8(3): p. 379--395. 11. Caputa GaCAaPEJ. Metabolic adaptations of tissue-resident immune cells. Nature immunology. 2019; 20(7): p. 793--801. 12. Muzio LaVAaMG. Microglia in neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration: from understanding to therapy. Frontiers in Neuroscience. 2021; 15: p. 742065. 13. Kaur N CHSMDUCSCR. Neuroinflammation Mechanisms and Phytotherapeutic Intervention: A Systematic Review. ACS Chemical Neuroscience. 2020; 11(22). 14. Wang MaPWaXYaZJaWJaJH. Microglia-mediated neuroinflammation: a potential target for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Journal of inflammation research. 2022;: p. 3083--3094. 15. Lee JKaTTaTMG. Neuroinflammation in Parkinson’s disease. Journal of Neuroimmune Pharmacology. 2009; 4. 16. Cardinale AaCVadIAaPB. Alpha-synuclein as a prominent actor in the inflammatory synaptopathy of Parkinson’s disease. International journal of molecular sciences. 2021; 22(12): p. 6517. 17. Guzman-Martinez LaMRaAVaNLaPMaREN. Neuroinflammation as a common feature of neurodegenerative disorders. Front Pharmacol 10: 1008. 2019. 18. Doba. Cytokine signatures of Plasmodium vivax infection during pregnancy and delivery outcomes. PLoS neglected tropical diseases. 2020; 14. 19. Solís Rodríguez Aao. Estudio preliminar del cogval-senior, una nueva prueba informatizada para la detecci 20. Wyatt-Johnson SKaBRR. The complexity of microglial interactions with innate and adaptive immune cells in Alzheimer’s disease. Frontiers in aging neuroscience. 2020; 12: p. 592359. 21. Frugier TaMKMCaODaMCA. In situ detection of inflammatory mediators in post mortem human brain tissue after traumatic injury. Journal of neurotrauma. 2010; 3(27). 22. Shi YaLCHaRAIaDJaXGaRGaZYaZLaYZRaTHSWao. Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and T-cell responses: what we do and don't know. Cell research. 2006; 16(2). 23. Harischandra DSaGSaZGaJHaKAaAVaKAG. Manganese-induced neurotoxicity: new insights into the triad of protein misfolding, mitochondrial impairment, and neuroinflammation. Frontiers in neuroscience. 2019; 13. 24. Liu YaGSaZYaZZaWQaXYaWJ. Transcriptomics and metabolomics analyses reveal defensive responses and flavonoid biosynthesis of Dracaena cochinchinensis (Lour.) SC Chen under wound stress in natural conditions. Molecules. 2022; 27(14). 25. Taipa RadNSPaSALaFJaPCaCAPaSEaPPSaCPaCPao. Proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines in the CSF of patients with Alzheimer's disease and their correlation with cognitive decline. Neurobiology of aging. 2019; 76: p. 125--132. 26. Rubio-Perez JMaMRJMao. A review: inflammatory process in Alzheimer's disease, role of cytokines. The Scientific World Journal. 2012; 2012. 27. Manes FFaNM. Usar el cerebro: Planeta Argentina; 2014. 28. Pinheiro DP. MD.SAUDE. [Online].; 2022 [cited 2024 05 15. Available from: https://www.mdsaude.com/es/neurologia-es/sintomas-de-la-enfermedad-de-alzheimer/. 29. Yu RaTAaJRaFS. Aggressive behaviors in Alzheimer disease and mild cognitive impairment: systematic review and meta-analysis. The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry. 2019; 27(3). 30. Alberdi AaAAaBA. On the early diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease from multimodal signals: A survey. Artificial intelligence in medicine. 2016; 71: p. 1--129. 31. Villareal DTaMJC. The diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease. Journal of Alzheimer's Disease. 1999; 1(4-- 5): p. 249--263. 32. Memon MHaLJaHAUaMMH. Early stage alzheimer’s disease diagnosis method. 2019 16th International Computer Conference on Wavelet Active Media Technology and Information Processing. 2019;: p. 222--225. 33. Graham WVaBOAaSTP. Update on Alzheimer's disease therapy and prevention strategies. Annual review of medicine. 2017; 68: p. 413--430. 34. Russo MJaKAaLAaIMaRMaSCaCDaUJaZD. Papel de la actividad f 35. DiNicolantonio JJaLSCaOJH. The evidence for saturated fat and for sugar related to coronary heart disease. Progress in cardiovascular diseases. 2016; 58(5): p. 464--472 36. Hertzog CaKAFaWRSaLU. Enrichment effects on adult cognitive development: can the functional capacity of older adults be preserved and enhanced? Psychological science in the public interest. 2008; 9(1). 37. Zhang XXaTYaWZTaMYHaTLaYJT. The epidemiology of Alzheimer’s disease modifiable risk factors and prevention. The journal of prevention of Alzheimer's disease. 2021; 8: p. 313--321. 38. Sindi SaMFaKM. Advances in the prevention of Alzheimer's Disease. F1000prime reports. 2015; 7. (1) Garavito DM, Santanilla Lugo D, García Meléndez I, Alhay España L, López Marmolejo V, Daza Os A, (2024). Inflamación Neurocrónica en la Enfermedad de Alzheimer: Papel en los Síntomas Clínicos, Estrategias de Diagnóstico y Prevención. Tesis de grado profesional. Unidad Central del Valle del Cauca |
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Derechos reservados - Unidad Central del Valle del Cauca |
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Derechos reservados - Unidad Central del Valle del Cauca http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0) Abierto (Texto Completo) http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2 |
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Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud |
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Unidad Central del Valle del Cauca |
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Beltrán Angarita, LeonardoAlhay España, Leyla CatalinaDaza Ramirez, Angélica MaríaGaravito Becerra, Diana MarcelaGarcía Meléndez, IsabellaLópez Marmolejo, ValentinaSantanilla Lugo, Danielahttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-6287-6815Tuluá, Valle del Cauca, ColombiaTuluá2024-06-05T18:13:46Z2024-06-05T18:13:46Z2024Garavito et al. (1)http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12993/4388Instname:Unidad Central del Valle del Caucareponame:Repositorio Institucional Unidad Central del Valle del Caucarepourl:https://repositorio.uceva.edu.co/ilustraciones, gráficos, tablasLa inflamación neurocrónica se refiere a la persistencia de procesos inflamatorios de bajo grado en el sistema nervioso central, desencadenados por diversos estímulos patológicos. En el estudio del Alzheimer, se ha observado que la activación crónica de células inmunes residentes, como las microglías y los astrocitos, junto con la liberación persistente de citocinas proinflamatorias, contribuye al daño neuronal y la progresión de la enfermedad. Los síntomas clínicos más comunes del Alzheimer, como la pérdida de memoria, desorientación temporal y espacial, y cambios en el comportamiento, se han relacionado con procesos inflamatorios crónicos en el cerebro. La presencia de placas de beta-amiloide y ovillos neurofibrilares, características neuropatológicas distintivas del Alzheimer, desencadena una respuesta inflamatoria inmune en el cerebro, perpetuando la producción y deposición de más amiloide, creando un ciclo destructivo. Sin embargo, es importante destacar que la inflamación neurocrónica no solo es una consecuencia de los procesos patológicos del Alzheimer, sino que también es un punto clave en el inicio y progresión de la enfermedad. Los procesos inflamatorios crónicos pueden alterar la función de las células neuronales, interferir con los mecanismos de plasticidad sináptica y contribuir a la acumulación de proteínas tóxicas, como el amiloide y la proteína tau.Resumen / Abstract / Introducción / 1.Planteamiento del problema / 2. Antecedentes / 3.Justificación / 4.Objetivos / 4.1 Objetivo general / 4.2 Objetivos específicos / 5. Marco teórico / 5.1. Inflamación Neurocrónica / 5.2. Mecanismos Subyacentes de la Inflamación Neurocrónica / 5.3. Implicaciones en las Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas / 5.4. Enfoques Terapéuticos Potenciales / 5.6. Inflamación Neurocrónica y su Asociación con Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas / 5.7. Implicación de la Inflamación en la Patogénesis del Alzheimer / 6. Metodología / 6.1. Tipo de investigación / 6.2. Áreas de estudio / 6.3. Criterios de selección / 6.4. Procedimiento del estudio / 6.5. Recolección de la literatura / 6.6. Variables / 6.7. Muestras / 6.8. Limitaciones y sesgos / 6.9. Análisis de los datos / 7. Resultados / 7.1. Identifición y caracterización de los síntomas clínicos más comunes asociados con el Alzheimer / 7.2. Efectividad y la precisión de las técnicas de diagnóstico utilizadas en la detección temprana del Alzheimer / 7.3. Estrategias preventivas más destacadas para el Alzheimer / 8. Discusión / 9. Conclusiones / 10. Recomendaciones / ReferenciasMedicoPregradoNeurochronic inflammation refers to the persistence of low-grade inflammatory processes in the central nervous system, triggered by various pathological stimuli. In the context of Alzheimer's, chronic activation of resident immune cells such as microglia and astrocytes, along with the persistent release of proinflammatory cytokines, contributes to neuronal damage and disease progression. The most common clinical symptoms of Alzheimer's, such as memory loss, temporal and spatial disorientation, and behavioral changes, have been linked to chronic inflammatory processes in the brain. The presence of beta-amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles, distinctive neuropathological features of Alzheimer's, triggers an immune inflammatory response in the brain, perpetuating the production and deposition of more amyloid, creating a destructive cycle. However, it is important to highlight that neurochronic inflammation is not only a consequence of Alzheimer's pathological processes but also a key point in the onset and progression of the disease. Chronic inflammatory processes can alter the function of neuronal cells, interfere with synaptic plasticity mechanisms, and contribute to the accumulation of toxic proteins, such as amyloid and tau.PDF42 páginasapplication/pdfspaDerechos reservados - Unidad Central del Valle del Caucahttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessAbierto (Texto Completo)http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Inflamación neurocrónica en la Enfermedad de Alzheimer: Papel en los síntomas clínicos, estrategias de diagnóstico y prevenciónNeurochronic inflammation in Alzheimer's Disease: Role in symptoms clinical, diagnostic and prevention strategiesbachelor thesisTesis/Trabajo de grado - Monografía - Pregradohttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_7a1fTextinfo:eu-repo/semantics/bachelorThesisinfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersionMedicinaFacultad de Ciencias de la SaludInflamación neurocrónicaAlzheimerCélulas inmunesCitocinasDeterioro cognitivoPlacas amiloidesOvillos neurofibrilaresNeurochronic inflammationAlzheimer'sImmune cellsCytokinesCognitive impairmentAmyloid plaquesNeurofibrillary tangles1. Mufson EJaCSEaGSDaMLaPSEaMSMaLFMaIMD. Nerve growth factor pathobiology during the progression of Alzheimer’s disease. Frontiers in neuroscience. 2019; 13(533).2. Wang WYaTMSaYJTaTL. Role of pro-inflammatory cytokines released from microglia in Alzheimer’s disease. Annals of translational medicine. 2015; 3(10).3. MAYOCLINIC. Fundación Mayo para la Educación y la Investigación Médicas. [Online].; 2024 [cited 2024 05 13. Available from: https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/diseases-conditions/alzheimersdisease/symptoms-causes/syc-20350447.4. RUNWAL P. NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC. [Online].; 2023 [cited 2023 05 13. Available from: https://www.nationalgeographic.es/ciencia/2023/01/por-que-el-nuevo-farmaco-contra-el-alzheimersuscita-tanto-optimismo-y-cautela.5. Mintun MaLGaSYaDCaLSYaMRaKWaMCaDSaMJ. [11C] PIB in a nondemented population: potential antecedent marker of Alzheimer disease. Neurology. 2006; 67(3): p. 446-452.6. Garc. Biomarcadores en la enfermedad de Alzheimer. Rev. Neurol. 2014; 58(7).7. Wilkins CHaGEAaSSEaMDWaMJC. The neuropathology of Alzheimer disease in African American and white individuals. Archives of Neurology. 2006; 63(1).8. SPRINGER NATURE. Journal of Neuroinflammation. [Online].; 2424 [cited 2424 05 13. Available from: https://jneuroinflammation.biomedcentral.com/.9. Hannoodee SaNDN. Acute inflammatory response. In ; 2020.10. Ader RaCN. CNS--immune system interactions: Conditioning phenomena. Behavioral and Brain Sciences. 1985; 8(3): p. 379--395.11. Caputa GaCAaPEJ. Metabolic adaptations of tissue-resident immune cells. Nature immunology. 2019; 20(7): p. 793--801.12. Muzio LaVAaMG. Microglia in neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration: from understanding to therapy. Frontiers in Neuroscience. 2021; 15: p. 742065.13. Kaur N CHSMDUCSCR. Neuroinflammation Mechanisms and Phytotherapeutic Intervention: A Systematic Review. ACS Chemical Neuroscience. 2020; 11(22).14. Wang MaPWaXYaZJaWJaJH. Microglia-mediated neuroinflammation: a potential target for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Journal of inflammation research. 2022;: p. 3083--3094.15. Lee JKaTTaTMG. Neuroinflammation in Parkinson’s disease. Journal of Neuroimmune Pharmacology. 2009; 4.16. Cardinale AaCVadIAaPB. Alpha-synuclein as a prominent actor in the inflammatory synaptopathy of Parkinson’s disease. International journal of molecular sciences. 2021; 22(12): p. 6517.17. Guzman-Martinez LaMRaAVaNLaPMaREN. Neuroinflammation as a common feature of neurodegenerative disorders. Front Pharmacol 10: 1008. 2019.18. Doba. Cytokine signatures of Plasmodium vivax infection during pregnancy and delivery outcomes. PLoS neglected tropical diseases. 2020; 14.19. Solís Rodríguez Aao. Estudio preliminar del cogval-senior, una nueva prueba informatizada para la detecci20. Wyatt-Johnson SKaBRR. The complexity of microglial interactions with innate and adaptive immune cells in Alzheimer’s disease. Frontiers in aging neuroscience. 2020; 12: p. 592359.21. Frugier TaMKMCaODaMCA. In situ detection of inflammatory mediators in post mortem human brain tissue after traumatic injury. Journal of neurotrauma. 2010; 3(27).22. Shi YaLCHaRAIaDJaXGaRGaZYaZLaYZRaTHSWao. Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and T-cell responses: what we do and don't know. Cell research. 2006; 16(2).23. Harischandra DSaGSaZGaJHaKAaAVaKAG. Manganese-induced neurotoxicity: new insights into the triad of protein misfolding, mitochondrial impairment, and neuroinflammation. Frontiers in neuroscience. 2019; 13.24. Liu YaGSaZYaZZaWQaXYaWJ. Transcriptomics and metabolomics analyses reveal defensive responses and flavonoid biosynthesis of Dracaena cochinchinensis (Lour.) SC Chen under wound stress in natural conditions. Molecules. 2022; 27(14).25. Taipa RadNSPaSALaFJaPCaCAPaSEaPPSaCPaCPao. Proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines in the CSF of patients with Alzheimer's disease and their correlation with cognitive decline. Neurobiology of aging. 2019; 76: p. 125--132.26. Rubio-Perez JMaMRJMao. A review: inflammatory process in Alzheimer's disease, role of cytokines. The Scientific World Journal. 2012; 2012.27. Manes FFaNM. Usar el cerebro: Planeta Argentina; 2014.28. Pinheiro DP. MD.SAUDE. [Online].; 2022 [cited 2024 05 15. Available from: https://www.mdsaude.com/es/neurologia-es/sintomas-de-la-enfermedad-de-alzheimer/.29. Yu RaTAaJRaFS. Aggressive behaviors in Alzheimer disease and mild cognitive impairment: systematic review and meta-analysis. The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry. 2019; 27(3).30. Alberdi AaAAaBA. On the early diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease from multimodal signals: A survey. Artificial intelligence in medicine. 2016; 71: p. 1--129.31. Villareal DTaMJC. The diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease. 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