Análisis mediante el método de elementos finitos de la condición de contacto cilíndrico en el contexto de fatiga por ludimiento
: figuras, tablas
- Autores:
-
Herrera Escobar, Benjamín
- Tipo de recurso:
- Trabajo de grado de pregrado
- Fecha de publicación:
- 2023
- Institución:
- Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira
- Repositorio:
- Repositorio Institucional UTP
- Idioma:
- spa
- OAI Identifier:
- oai:repositorio.utp.edu.co:11059/15457
- Acceso en línea:
- https://hdl.handle.net/11059/15457
https://repositorio.utp.edu.co/home
- Palabra clave:
- 370 - Educación
Fatiga de materiales
Ingeniería mecánica
Investigación científica
Ingeniería Mecánica
Fatiga por ludimiento
Nucleación de Grieta
FEM
Zona Cohesiva
XFEM
- Rights
- openAccess
- License
- Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)
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Análisis mediante el método de elementos finitos de la condición de contacto cilíndrico en el contexto de fatiga por ludimiento |
| title |
Análisis mediante el método de elementos finitos de la condición de contacto cilíndrico en el contexto de fatiga por ludimiento |
| spellingShingle |
Análisis mediante el método de elementos finitos de la condición de contacto cilíndrico en el contexto de fatiga por ludimiento 370 - Educación Fatiga de materiales Ingeniería mecánica Investigación científica Ingeniería Mecánica Fatiga por ludimiento Nucleación de Grieta FEM Zona Cohesiva XFEM |
| title_short |
Análisis mediante el método de elementos finitos de la condición de contacto cilíndrico en el contexto de fatiga por ludimiento |
| title_full |
Análisis mediante el método de elementos finitos de la condición de contacto cilíndrico en el contexto de fatiga por ludimiento |
| title_fullStr |
Análisis mediante el método de elementos finitos de la condición de contacto cilíndrico en el contexto de fatiga por ludimiento |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Análisis mediante el método de elementos finitos de la condición de contacto cilíndrico en el contexto de fatiga por ludimiento |
| title_sort |
Análisis mediante el método de elementos finitos de la condición de contacto cilíndrico en el contexto de fatiga por ludimiento |
| dc.creator.fl_str_mv |
Herrera Escobar, Benjamín |
| dc.contributor.advisor.none.fl_str_mv |
Mesa Montoya, Carlos Andrés |
| dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv |
Herrera Escobar, Benjamín |
| dc.subject.ddc.none.fl_str_mv |
370 - Educación |
| topic |
370 - Educación Fatiga de materiales Ingeniería mecánica Investigación científica Ingeniería Mecánica Fatiga por ludimiento Nucleación de Grieta FEM Zona Cohesiva XFEM |
| dc.subject.armarc.none.fl_str_mv |
Fatiga de materiales Ingeniería mecánica Investigación científica |
| dc.subject.proposal.spa.fl_str_mv |
Ingeniería Mecánica Fatiga por ludimiento Nucleación de Grieta FEM Zona Cohesiva XFEM |
| description |
: figuras, tablas |
| publishDate |
2023 |
| dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv |
2023 |
| dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv |
2024-11-18T13:23:46Z |
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2024-11-18T13:23:46Z |
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Trabajo de grado - Pregrado |
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http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_7a1f |
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https://hdl.handle.net/11059/15457 |
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Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira |
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Repositorio Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira |
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https://repositorio.utp.edu.co/home |
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https://hdl.handle.net/11059/15457 https://repositorio.utp.edu.co/home |
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Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira Repositorio Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira |
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spa |
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[1] Bhattacharya B, Ellingwood B. (1998): “Continuum damage mechanics analysis of fatigue crack initiation". Int J Fatig Vol.20, pp. 631–639. [2] Bhatti NA, Abdel Wahab M. (2017): “A numerical investigation on critical plane orientation and initiation lifetimes in fretting fatigue under out of phase loading conditions”. Tribol Int vol. 115, pp. 307–318. [3] Bhatti, N. A., Abdel Wahab, M. (2018): “Fretting fatigue crack nucleation: a review”. Tribology International, vol. 121, pp. 121-13. [4] Brown MW, Miller KJ. (1973): “A theory for fatigue under multiaxial stress-strain conditions.” In: A Theory for Fatigue Under Multiaxial Stress-Strain Conditions, Proceedings of the Institute of Mechanical Engineers; pp. 745–56. [5] Bufler, H. (1959): “Zur theorie der rollenden reibung”. Ingenieur Archiv, vol. 27, pp. 137- 142. [6] C. Wang; D. Wang; M. A. Wahab (2023): “Fretting fatigue lifetime estimation for heterogeneous material using critical distance with mesh control”. Engineering Fracture Mechanics Vol. 281. [7] Callister, W.D, “Introducción a la ciencia e ingeniería de los materiales”. Vol. 6. Ed. Cengage Learning, pp 266-267. [8] Cattaneo, C. (1938): “Sul contatto di due corpi elastici: distribuzione locale degli sforzi.” Rendiconti dell’Academia Nazionale dei Lincei, vol. 27 (no.6), pp. 342-348. [9] Chaboche JL, Lesne PM. (1988): “A non-linear continuous fatigue damage model”. Fatig Fract Eng Mater Struct; Vol 11, pp 1–17. [10] Chaboche J-L. (1974) “Une loi différentielle d'endommagement de fatigue avec cumulation non linéaire”. Office Nationale d'Etudes et de Recherches Aérospatiales. [11] Chakherlou, T. N.; Mirzajanzadeh, M.; Vogwell, J. (2009): “Effect of hole lubrication on the fretting fatigue life of double shear lap joints: an experimental and numerical study”. Engineering Failure Analysis, vol. 16 (no.7), pp. 2388-2399. [12] Chaudonneret M. (1993): “A simple and efficient multiaxial fatigue damage model for engineering applications of macro-crack initiation”. J Eng Mater Technol Vol. 115: pp 373–379. [13] Crossland B. (1956): “Effect of large hydrostatic pressures on the torsional fatigue strength of an alloy steel”. In: Proc. Int. Conf. Fatigue of Metals; pp. 138–149. [14] D.A. Hills, D. Nowell, A. Sackfield. (1988): “Surface fatigue consideration in fretting”. in: D. Dowson, C.M. Taylor, M. Godet, D. Berthe (Eds.), Interface Dynamics, Proceedings of the 14th Leeds-Lyon Symposium on Tribology, Elsevier, Amsterdam. pp. 35–40. [15] D.A. Hills, D. Nowell, A. Sackfield. (2003): “Prediction of the slip zone friction coefficient in flat and rounded contact”. Wear; Vol 254, pp 364-369 [16] De santis, A. J. (2015): “Análisis de fallos en sistemas aeronáuticos”, Ed. Paraninfo, pp 54. [17] Ding J, Houghton D, Williams E, Leen S. (2011): “Simple parameters to predict effect of surface damage on fretting fatigue”. Int J Fatig; vol. 33, pp- 332–342. [18] Ding, J & Leen, Sean & Mccoll, I. (2004): “The effect of slip regime on fretting wear- induced stress evolution”. International Journal of Fatigue, pp 521 – 531. [19] Dobromirski, J. (1992): “Variables of fretting process: are there 50 of them? Standardization of Fretting Fatigue Test Methods and Equipment, ed. M. Attia and R. Waterhouse. ASTM” International, pp. 60-66. [20] E. Popova and V. L. Popova: (2015)"The research works of Coulomb and Amontons and generalized laws of friction," Friction, vol. 3 (no.2) [21] Endo, K & Goto. (1976): “Initiation and propagation of fretting fatigue cracks”. Wear, vol.38 (no. 2), pp. 311-314. [22] Eriten, M.; Polycarpou, A. A.; Bergman, L. A. (2011): “Development of a lap joint fretting apparatus”. Experimental Mechanics, vol. 51, no. 8, pp. 1405-1419. [23] Fatemi A, Socie DF. (1988): “A critical plane approach to multiaxial fatigue damage including out-of-phase loading”. Fatig Fract Eng Mater Struct; Vol. 11, pp. 149–65. [24] Ferjaoui, A.; Yue, T.; Abdel Wahab, M.; Hojjati-Talemi, R. (2015): “Prediction of fretting fatigue crack initiation in double lap bolted joint using continuum damage mechanics”. International Journal of Fatigue, vol. 73, pp. 66-76. [25] Findley W, Coleman J, Hanley B. (1956): “Theory for combined bending and torsion fatigue with data for SAE 4340 steel. Technical Report No. 1 on basic reseearch on fatigue failures under combined stress”. Brown Univ., Providence. Engineering Materials Research Lab. [26] Findley WN. (1961): “A theory for the effect of mean stress on fatigue of metals under combined torsion and axial load or bending”. J Eng Ind Nov. 1959:301–6. [29] Forsyth P. A two stage process of fatigue crack growth. In: Proceedings of the Crack Propagation Symposium. pp. 76–94. [27] Fisher-Cripps, A. (2007): “Introduction to contact mechanics”. Ed. Cambridge university press. pp 44-108. [28] Golden, P. J. (2009): “Development of a dovetail fretting fatigue fixture for turbine engine materials”. International Journal of Fatigue, vol. 31, no. 4, pp. 620-628. [29] Golden, P. J.; Nicholas, T. (2005): “The effect of angle on dovetail fretting experiments in Ti-6Al-4V”. Fatigue & Fracture of Engineering Materials & Structures, vol. 28 (no. 12), pp. 1169-1175. [30] Goryacheva, I. G. (1998): “Contact Mechanics in tribology”. Ed. Kluwer Academy Publishers, pp 1-4. [31] Henandez Albañil H. y Espejo Mora E. (2002): “Mecanica de fractura y análisis de falla”, Ed. Universidad Nacional de Colombia, pp 44 [32] Hillis, D. A, Noweel, D. Sackfield, A. (1994): “Mechanics od fretting fatigue”. Ed. Kluwer Academic publishers, pp 14-71. [33] Hills D.A. and Nowell (1994). “Mechanics of fretting fatigue”. Kluber Academic Publishers, Dordrech/Boston/London [34] Hills, D. A.; Dini, D. (2016): “A review of the use of the asymptotic framework for quantification of fretting fatigue”. Journal of Strain Analysis, vol. 51 (no. 4), pp. 240- 246. [35] Hojjati-Talami R: (2014): "Numerical modelling techniques for fretting fatigue crack initiation and propagation”. Ghent University. Faculty of Engineering and Architecture. [36] Hojjati-Talemi R, Wahab MA, Giner E, Sabsabi M. (2013): “Numerical estimation of fretting fatigue lifetime using damage and fracture mechanics”. Tribol Lett Vol. 52, pp.11–25 [37] Hojjati-Talemi R, Wahab MA. (2013): “Fretting fatigue crack initiation lifetime predictor tool: using damage mechanics approach”. Tribol Int Vol60, pp. 176–186. [38] J.C. Martínez. (2016): “Finite element model for crack propagation in fretting fatigue problem”. Facultad de Ingeniería Mecánica UTP. [39] Johnson, K. L. (1987): “contact Mechanics”. Ed. Cambridge university Press, pp 84-104 [40] K. Pereira, N. Bhatti, M. Abdel Wahab: (2018): “Prediction of fretting fatigue crack initiation location and direction using cohesive zone model”. Tribology International vol. 127, pp. 245–254 [41] K. Pereira. (2020): “Numerical Modelling of Fretting Fatigue Crack Initiation and Propagation Using Extended Finite Element Method and Cyclic Cohesive Zone Model”. Ghent University. Faculty of Engineering and Architecture. [42] Kachanov L. (1958): “Time of the rupture process under creep conditions”, Izu. Akad. Nauk SSR Otd. Tech.; pp 26–31. [43] Kim K, Yoon MJ. (2014): “Fretting fatigue simulation for aluminium alloy using cohesive zone law approach”. Int J Mech Sci; vol 85, pp. 30–7. [44] Kuna M, Roth S. (2015): “General remarks on cyclic cohesive zone models”. Int J Fract vol196(1–2), pp. 147–67. [45] Kyvia Pereira, Libardo V. Vanegas-Useche and Magd Abdel Wahab. “Aspects of Fretting Fatigue Finite Element Modelling”. 2020; CMC, vol.64 (no.1), pp.97-144. [46] Laura G. Carbajal Figueroa. (2017): “Análisis numérico de los efectos de contacto parcial en el desarrillo de desgaste por fatiga en frotamiento”. Instituto politécnico nacional. pp 24-30 [47] Lemaitre J, Chaboche J. (1975) “A non-linear model of creep-fatigue damage cumulation and interaction (for hot metallic structures)”. Mech Visco-Elastic Media Bodies. [48] Lemaitre J, Desmorat R. (2005) “Engineering damage mechanics: ductile, creep, fatigue and brittle failures”. Springer Science & Business Media. [49] Lemaitre J. (1972): “Evaluation of dissipation and damage in metals submitted to dynamic loading.” Mech Behav Mater, pp. 540–549. [50] Liu KC. (1993): “A method based on virtual strain-energy parameters for multiaxial fatigue life prediction”. In: McDowell DL, Ellis R, editors. Advances in Multiaxial Fatigue”. American Society for Testing and Materials; pp. 67–84. [51] Lykins C, Mall S, Jain V. (2001): “A shear stress-based parameter for fretting fatigue crack initiation”. Fatig Fract Eng Mater Struct Vol. 24, pp. 461–73. [52] Lykins CD, Mall S, Jain V. (2000): “An evaluation of parameters for predicting fretting fatigue crack initiation”. Int J Fatig; vol 22, pp. 703–716 [53] Manual A. Abaqus documentation version 6.13. (2013); Providence, RI, USA: Dassault Systems SIMULIA corp [54] McDiarmid DL. (1991): “A general criterion for high cycle multiaxial fatigue failure”. Fatig Fract Eng Mater Struct; Vol. 14 pp 429–53. [55] McVeigh, P. A.; Farris, T. N. (1997): Finite element analysis of fretting stresses. Journal of Tribology, vol. 119, no. 4, pp.797-801. [56] Mindlin, R. D. (1949): Compliance of elastic bodies in contact. Journal of Applied Mechanics, vol. 16, pp. 259-268. [57] Mutoh Y, Xu J-Q. (2003): “Fracture mechanics approach to fretting fatigue and problems to be solved” Tribilogy vol 36, pp 99-107 [58] National aeronautics and space administration. (2006): “NASA’s implementation plan for space shuttle return to flight and beyond”. 11 Edition, pp. 2-23 [59] Navarro C, Munoz S, Domínguez J. (2008): “On the use of multiaxial fatigue criteria for fretting fatigue life assessment". Int J Fatig; Vol. 30, pp 32–44. [60] Nowell, D.; Hills, D. A. (1987): “Mechanics of fretting fatigue tests. International Journal of Mechanical Sciences”, vol. 29, no. 5, pp. 355-365. [61] Oskouei, R. H.; Ibrahim, R. N. (2012): “Improving fretting fatigue behavior of Al 7075-T6 bolted plates using electroless Ni-P coatings”. International Journal of Fatigue, vol.44, pp. 157-167. [62] Pereira, K.; Bordas, S.; Tomar, S.; Trobec, R.; Depolli, M. et al. (2016): “On the convergence of stresses in fretting fatigue”. Materials, vol. 9 no. 8, pp. 1-15. [63] Proudhon H, Fouvry S, Buffière J-Y. (2005): “A fretting crack initiation prediction taking into account the surface roughness and the crack nucleation process volume”. Int J Fatig; vol 27(5), pp.569–79 [64] Quraishi S, Khonsari M, Baek D. (2005): “A thermodynamic approach for predicting fretting fatigue life”. Tribol Lett; Vol. 19, pp169–175. [65] R. Courant, (1943): "Variational Method for the Solution of Problems of Equilibrium and Vibrations," Bulletin of the American Mathematical Society, vol. 49, no. 1. [66] Raza Hojjati-Talemi, Magd Abdel Wahab. (2013): “Fretting fatigue crack initiation lifetime predictor tool: Using damage mechanics approach”. Tribology International, Vol. 60, p. 176-186. [67] Reza, H. T; Magd A. W; Jan, D. P; Patrick D, B. (2014): “Prediction of fretting fatigue crack initiation and propagation lifetime for cylindrical contact configuration”. Tribology international, vol 76, pp 73-93 [68] Ruiz C, Boddington PHB, Chen KC. (1984): “An investigation of fatigue and fretting in a dovetail joint”. Exp Mech Vol. 24, pp 208–217. [69] Sato K, Fujii H, Kodama S. “Crack propagation behavior in fretting fatigue”, Wear, vol. 107 no.3, pp 245-262. [70] Smith K, Topper T, Watson P. (1970): “A stress-strain function for the fatigue of metals”. J Mater; vol 5, pp.76–78 [71] Szolwinski MP, Farris TN. (1996): “Mechanics of fretting fatigue crack formation”. Wear vol 198, pp 93–107. [72] Vingsbo, O., Söderberg, S. (1988): “On fretting maps. Wear”, vol. 126, no. 2, pp. 131-147. [73] Williams, J. A.; Dwyer-Joyce, R. S. (2001): “Chapter 3 Contact between Solid Surfaces”. CRC Press LLC. [74] Xin, H., & Veljkovic, M. (2019). “Fatigue crack initiation prediction using phantom nodes- based extended finite element method for S355 and S690 steel grades”. Engineering Fracture Mechanics vol. 214, pp. 164–176. |
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Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)Manifiesto (Manifestamos) en este documento la voluntad de autorizar a la Biblioteca Jorge Roa Martínez de la Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira la publicación en el Repositorio institucional (http://biblioteca.utp.edu.co), la versión electrónica de la OBRA titulada: La Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira, entidad académica sin ánimo de lucro, queda por lo tanto facultada para ejercer plenamente la autorización anteriormente descrita en su actividad ordinaria de investigación, docencia y publicación. La autorización otorgada se ajusta a lo que establece la Ley 23 de 1982. Con todo, en mi (nuestra) condición de autor (es) me (nos) reservo (reservamos) los derechos morales de la OBRA antes citada con arreglo al artículo 30 de la Ley 23 de 1982. En concordancia suscribo (suscribimos) este documento en el momento mismo que hago (hacemos) entrega de mi (nuestra) OBRA a la Biblioteca “Jorge Roa Martínez” de la Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira. Manifiesto (manifestamos) que la OBRA objeto de la presente autorizaciónhttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessMesa Montoya, Carlos AndrésHerrera Escobar, Benjamín2024-11-18T13:23:46Z2024-11-18T13:23:46Z2023https://hdl.handle.net/11059/15457Universidad Tecnológica de PereiraRepositorio Universidad Tecnológica de Pereirahttps://repositorio.utp.edu.co/home: figuras, tablasLa fatiga por ludimiento es un tipo de falla degenerativa de los materiales que se produce cuando dos superficies en contacto están sometidas a una carga normal y se exponen a deslizamientos relativos con pequeñas amplitudes (del orden de micrones) que puede resultar en daños catastróficos y perdida prematura de material. Los deslizamientos relativos entre dos superficies; sumado a la fricción, generan una tracción tangencial que da como resultado altas concentraciones de esfuerzos y deformaciones sobre la superficie en contacto [33]. Con el tiempo, la superficie sede a las condiciones de carga variantes que generan la nucleación y posterior crecimiento de grietas (Fretting fatigue) o el desgaste progresivo por remisión de material (Fretting wear) [18]; Finalmente, el elemento termina fallando por fatiga mucho antes de lo esperado. La fatiga por ludimiento es actualmente un tema vigente de estudio y es relativamente reciente [46]. Con el avance del estudio de materiales y después de suceso trágicos que propulsaron a la creación de diseños de ingeniería más seguros, como fue el caso del transbordador Challenger en 1986 [58], la comunidad científica ha empezado a prestar más atención y recursos a la investigación de este tipo de falla con la finalidad de entender, predecir y aplicar este conocimiento a futuros modelos más seguros y cercanos a la realidad. [40-41,45-46,67]1. Contenido Resumen .................................................................................................................................1 Abstract...................................................................................................................................2 Tabla de Contenido.................................................................................................................3 Índice de figuras .....................................................................................................................5 Índice de tablas.......................................................................................................................6 1. Introducción........................................................................................................................7 1.1 Objetivos.......................................................................................................8 1.1.1 Objetivo general .........................................................................................8 1.1.2 Objetivos específicos..................................................................................8 2. Marco teórico......................................................................................................................9 2.1 Introducción a la fatiga por ludimiento.............................................................9 2.2 Definiciones generales......................................................................................9 2.3 Experimentación en fatiga por ludimiento [45]..............................................12 2.4 Fases de fatiga por ludimiento [45,46]............................................................15 2.5 Fase de nucleación en fatiga por ludimiento...................................................18 - Critical plane (CP): .....................................................................................18 - Stress Invariant: ..........................................................................................18 - Continuum Damage Mechanics..................................................................19 - Fretting Especifica Parameters..................................................................19 2.5.1 Parámetro de plano critico (cp) [3]...........................................................20 2.5.2 Parámetro de esfuerzo invariante (si) [3] .................................................25 2.5.3 Parámetro CDM [3]..................................................................................26 2.5.4 Parámetro de ludimiento específico [3]....................................................27 2.6 Estudio de la mecánica de contacto ................................................................28 2.7 Mecánica de contacto cilíndrico [39]..............................................................29 2.7.1 Estudio de contacto cilíndrico bajo cargas normales ...............................30 2.7.2 Contacto cilíndrico aplicado a fatiga por ludimiento [45] .......................31 2.8 Modelo de elementos finitos (FEM)...............................................................33 3. Planteamiento del problema .............................................................................................35 3.1 Descripción del problema ...............................................................................35 3.2 Metodología de solución.................................................................................37 3.2.1 Aplicación de la zona cohesiva zona cohesiva.........................................37 3.2.2 Aplicación del parámetro FS....................................................................38 3.2.3 Posprocesamiento.....................................................................................38 3.3 Modelo de elementos finitos (FEM)...............................................................39 4. Análisis de resultados.......................................................................................................44 4.1 Análisis del contacto .......................................................................................44 4.2 Análisis de resultados de plano crítico............................................................46 4.3 Análisis de resultados zona cohesiva. .............................................................49 5. Conclusiones.....................................................................................................................51 6. 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Engineering Fracture Mechanics vol. 214, pp. 164–176.PublicationORIGINALTrabajo de grado.pdfTrabajo de grado.pdfapplication/pdf1602165https://repositorio.utp.edu.co/bitstreams/2e35e339-4d6e-48bd-a080-f742df380461/download43197a5cbd1dc067496fcf228c08bde7MD51LICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-815543https://repositorio.utp.edu.co/bitstreams/c7ed3613-fe49-48b0-b6fa-310bc4165715/download73a5432e0b76442b22b026844140d683MD52THUMBNAILImagen3.pngimage/png45912https://repositorio.utp.edu.co/bitstreams/775d84a6-88b1-4042-9a0c-f51e8624fa00/download30394325f69dbdd335851bb5f183e5beMD53Trabajo de grado.pdf.jpgTrabajo de grado.pdf.jpgGenerated Thumbnailimage/jpeg6324https://repositorio.utp.edu.co/bitstreams/afa9d8a8-98d5-4783-9003-d42d887b9682/downloadadc2dcd7b7571176c5be4a7f5c2690b2MD55TEXTTrabajo de grado.pdf.txtTrabajo de grado.pdf.txtExtracted texttext/plain102728https://repositorio.utp.edu.co/bitstreams/9331a12d-c4d2-4ef1-a242-b61209bff0a8/download56699386555e0c007265be3481114642MD5411059/15457oai:repositorio.utp.edu.co:11059/154572024-11-19 04:00:36.736https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/Manifiesto (Manifestamos) en este documento la voluntad de autorizar a la Biblioteca Jorge Roa Martínez de la Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira la publicación en el Repositorio institucional (http://biblioteca.utp.edu.co), la versión electrónica de la OBRA titulada: La Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira, entidad académica sin ánimo de lucro, queda por lo tanto facultada para ejercer plenamente la autorización anteriormente descrita en su actividad ordinaria de investigación, docencia y publicación. La autorización otorgada se ajusta a lo que establece la Ley 23 de 1982. Con todo, en mi (nuestra) condición de autor (es) me (nos) reservo (reservamos) los derechos morales de la OBRA antes citada con arreglo al artículo 30 de la Ley 23 de 1982. En concordancia suscribo (suscribimos) este documento en el momento mismo que hago (hacemos) entrega de mi (nuestra) OBRA a la Biblioteca “Jorge Roa Martínez” de la Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira. Manifiesto (manifestamos) que la OBRA objeto de la presente autorizaciónopen.accesshttps://repositorio.utp.edu.coRepositorio de la Universidad Tecnológica de 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