Production system in a collaborative supply chain considering deterioration

This research presents a mathematical model for a collaborative planning of the supply chain involving four echelons (supplier, production plants, distribution, retails, or clients). The model seeks to maximize profit (utility) when all members of the chain share information related to demand. It is...

Full description

Autores:
Acevedo Chedid, Jaime
Salas-Navarro, Katherinne
Ospina-Mateus, Holman
Villalobo, Alina
Sankar Sana, Shib
Tipo de recurso:
Fecha de publicación:
2021
Institución:
Universidad Tecnológica de Bolívar
Repositorio:
Repositorio Institucional UTB
Idioma:
eng
OAI Identifier:
oai:repositorio.utb.edu.co:20.500.12585/10347
Acceso en línea:
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12585/10347
https://doi.org/10.1007/s40819-021-00965-z
Palabra clave:
Collaborative supply chain
Deteriorating products
Reverse flow
Rights
openAccess
License
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
id UTB2_f940177c2c359a21fe93d91f8933db91
oai_identifier_str oai:repositorio.utb.edu.co:20.500.12585/10347
network_acronym_str UTB2
network_name_str Repositorio Institucional UTB
repository_id_str
dc.title.spa.fl_str_mv Production system in a collaborative supply chain considering deterioration
title Production system in a collaborative supply chain considering deterioration
spellingShingle Production system in a collaborative supply chain considering deterioration
Collaborative supply chain
Deteriorating products
Reverse flow
title_short Production system in a collaborative supply chain considering deterioration
title_full Production system in a collaborative supply chain considering deterioration
title_fullStr Production system in a collaborative supply chain considering deterioration
title_full_unstemmed Production system in a collaborative supply chain considering deterioration
title_sort Production system in a collaborative supply chain considering deterioration
dc.creator.fl_str_mv Acevedo Chedid, Jaime
Salas-Navarro, Katherinne
Ospina-Mateus, Holman
Villalobo, Alina
Sankar Sana, Shib
dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv Acevedo Chedid, Jaime
Salas-Navarro, Katherinne
Ospina-Mateus, Holman
Villalobo, Alina
Sankar Sana, Shib
dc.subject.keywords.spa.fl_str_mv Collaborative supply chain
Deteriorating products
Reverse flow
topic Collaborative supply chain
Deteriorating products
Reverse flow
description This research presents a mathematical model for a collaborative planning of the supply chain involving four echelons (supplier, production plants, distribution, retails, or clients). The model seeks to maximize profit (utility) when all members of the chain share information related to demand. It is developed for the aggregate consolidation of different raw materials in cement production. The novelty of the model is the consideration of products that deteriorate in the process and thus it has effect on the production times in the plant and lead time. In this supply chain, quality and compliant products and the return of deteriorated products are two flows. The considerations are lead time, inventories with shortages and excesses, production times in normal and extra days, and subcontracting, among others. A mixed integer linear programming with demand scenario analysis is used to optimize and analyze the uncertainty that is consistent with the performance of the construction sector. The model is formed considering two suppliers, two production plants, two distributors, two retailers and two end customers. Four manufacturing inputs (raw materials) are considered for the manufacture of two types of products. A case study of the cement production supply chain of Cartagena (Colombia) is illustrated. The shared benefit is generated around 5 billion pesos (COP) for all members of the chain in a period of 6 months.
publishDate 2021
dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv 2021-07-30T12:23:42Z
dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv 2021-07-30T12:23:42Z
dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv 2021-06-24
dc.date.submitted.none.fl_str_mv 2021-07-29
dc.type.driver.spa.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
dc.type.hasversion.spa.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/restrictedAccess
dc.type.spa.spa.fl_str_mv http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1
dc.identifier.citation.spa.fl_str_mv Acevedo-Chedid, J., Salas-Navarro, K., Ospina-Mateus, H. et al. Production System in a Collaborative Supply Chain Considering Deterioration. Int. J. Appl. Comput. Math 7, 69 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40819-021-00965-z
dc.identifier.uri.none.fl_str_mv https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12585/10347
dc.identifier.doi.none.fl_str_mv https://doi.org/10.1007/s40819-021-00965-z
dc.identifier.instname.spa.fl_str_mv Universidad Tecnológica de Bolívar
dc.identifier.reponame.spa.fl_str_mv Repositorio Universidad Tecnológica de Bolívar
identifier_str_mv Acevedo-Chedid, J., Salas-Navarro, K., Ospina-Mateus, H. et al. Production System in a Collaborative Supply Chain Considering Deterioration. Int. J. Appl. Comput. Math 7, 69 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40819-021-00965-z
Universidad Tecnológica de Bolívar
Repositorio Universidad Tecnológica de Bolívar
url https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12585/10347
https://doi.org/10.1007/s40819-021-00965-z
dc.language.iso.spa.fl_str_mv eng
language eng
dc.rights.coar.fl_str_mv http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
dc.rights.uri.*.fl_str_mv http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
dc.rights.accessrights.spa.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.rights.cc.*.fl_str_mv Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internacional
rights_invalid_str_mv http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internacional
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.format.extent.none.fl_str_mv 46 páginas
dc.format.mimetype.spa.fl_str_mv application/pdf
dc.coverage.spatial.none.fl_str_mv Colombia
dc.publisher.place.spa.fl_str_mv Cartagena de Indias
dc.source.spa.fl_str_mv Springer 2021
institution Universidad Tecnológica de Bolívar
bitstream.url.fl_str_mv https://repositorio.utb.edu.co/bitstream/20.500.12585/10347/1/Paper%20FINAL_Jaime%20Acevedo%20Chedid.pdf
https://repositorio.utb.edu.co/bitstream/20.500.12585/10347/2/license_rdf
https://repositorio.utb.edu.co/bitstream/20.500.12585/10347/3/license.txt
https://repositorio.utb.edu.co/bitstream/20.500.12585/10347/4/Paper%20FINAL_Jaime%20Acevedo%20Chedid.pdf.txt
https://repositorio.utb.edu.co/bitstream/20.500.12585/10347/5/Paper%20FINAL_Jaime%20Acevedo%20Chedid.pdf.jpg
bitstream.checksum.fl_str_mv ac9a1dd235cf94493e52751d478db852
4460e5956bc1d1639be9ae6146a50347
e20ad307a1c5f3f25af9304a7a7c86b6
a8824b757e29f5b50bcfa9a39afbfd06
cc048e98380da84e5c7bb170f935cd28
bitstream.checksumAlgorithm.fl_str_mv MD5
MD5
MD5
MD5
MD5
repository.name.fl_str_mv Repositorio Institucional UTB
repository.mail.fl_str_mv repositorioutb@utb.edu.co
_version_ 1814021604341972992
spelling Acevedo Chedid, Jaime11cdb651-1161-436d-ac47-88a330629d17Salas-Navarro, Katherinneb358d582-e66b-4c09-8f7e-34b116ff94aeOspina-Mateus, Holmandecb9d82-e4b8-470e-92c8-e2419b479ba0Villalobo, Alina9f0d06b3-8564-4d9f-b5ff-a51c060c6e78Sankar Sana, Shibd10ac6cd-87f8-493f-80ec-cf649edaf60cColombia2021-07-30T12:23:42Z2021-07-30T12:23:42Z2021-06-242021-07-29Acevedo-Chedid, J., Salas-Navarro, K., Ospina-Mateus, H. et al. Production System in a Collaborative Supply Chain Considering Deterioration. Int. J. Appl. Comput. Math 7, 69 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40819-021-00965-zhttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12585/10347https://doi.org/10.1007/s40819-021-00965-zUniversidad Tecnológica de BolívarRepositorio Universidad Tecnológica de BolívarThis research presents a mathematical model for a collaborative planning of the supply chain involving four echelons (supplier, production plants, distribution, retails, or clients). The model seeks to maximize profit (utility) when all members of the chain share information related to demand. It is developed for the aggregate consolidation of different raw materials in cement production. The novelty of the model is the consideration of products that deteriorate in the process and thus it has effect on the production times in the plant and lead time. In this supply chain, quality and compliant products and the return of deteriorated products are two flows. The considerations are lead time, inventories with shortages and excesses, production times in normal and extra days, and subcontracting, among others. A mixed integer linear programming with demand scenario analysis is used to optimize and analyze the uncertainty that is consistent with the performance of the construction sector. The model is formed considering two suppliers, two production plants, two distributors, two retailers and two end customers. Four manufacturing inputs (raw materials) are considered for the manufacture of two types of products. A case study of the cement production supply chain of Cartagena (Colombia) is illustrated. The shared benefit is generated around 5 billion pesos (COP) for all members of the chain in a period of 6 months.46 páginasapplication/pdfenghttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessAttribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internacionalhttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Springer 2021Production system in a collaborative supply chain considering deteriorationinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/restrictedAccesshttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1Collaborative supply chainDeteriorating productsReverse flowCartagena de IndiasInvestigadoresAngerhofer, B.J., Angelides, M.C.: A model and a performance measurement system for collaborative supply chains. Decis. Support Syst. 42(1), 283–301 (2006)Arns, M., Fischer, M., Kemper, P., Tepper, C.: Supply chain modelling and its analytical evaluation. J. Oper. Res. Soc. 53(8), 885–894 (2002)Aviv, Y.: The effect of collaborative forecasting on supply chain performance. Manag. Sci. 47(10), 1326–1343 (2001)Aviv, Y.: Gaining benefits from joint forecasting and replenishment processes: the case of auto-correlated demand. Manuf. Serv. Oper. Manag. 4(1), 55–74 (2002)Aviv, Y.: On the benefits of collaborative forecasting partnerships between retailers and manufacturers. Manag. Sci. 53(5), 777–794 (2007)Barratt, M.: Understanding the meaning of collaboration in the supply chain. Supply Chain Manag. Int. J. 9(1), 30–42 (2004)Binder, M., Clegg, B.: Enterprise management: a new frontier for organisations. Int. J. Prod. Econ. 106(2), 409–430 (2007)Cárdenas, M., Reina, M.: La minería en Colombia: impacto socioeconómico y fiscal (2008)Chan, F.T., Zhang, T.: The impact of collaborative transportation management on supply chain performance: a simulation approach. Expert Syst. Appl. 38(3), 2319–2329 (2011)Chedid, J.A., Vidal, G.H.: Análisis del Problema de Planificación de la Producción en Cadenas de Suministro Colaborativas: Una Revisión de la Literatura en el Enfoque de Teoría de Juegos (2012)Chen, C.-L., Lee, W.-C.: Multi-objective optimization of multi-echelon supply chain networks with uncertain product demands and prices. Comput. Chem. Eng. 28(6–7), 1131–1144 (2004)Chen, T.-H., Chen, J.-M.: Optimizing supply chain collaboration based on joint replenishment and channel coordination. Transp. Res. Part E Logist. Transp. Rev. 41(4), 261–285 (2005)Cheung, C.F., Cheung, C., Kwok, S.: A knowledge-based customization system for supply chain integration. Expert Syst. Appl. 39(4), 3906–3924 (2012)Chopra, S., Meindl, P.: Supply Chain Management. Strategy, Planning & Operation, pp. 265–275. Springer, Berlin (2007)de Kruijff, J.T., Hurkens, C.A., de Kok, T.G.: Integer programming models for mid-term production planning for high-tech low-volume supply chains. Eur. J. Oper. Res. 269(3), 984–997 (2018)Diabat, A., Al-Salem, M.: An integrated supply chain problem with environmental considerations. Int. J. Prod. Econ. 164, 330–338 (2015)Dobos, I., Pintér, M.: Cooperation in supply chains: a cooperative game theoretic analysis. Working paper. Corvinus University of Budapest (2010)Doukidis, G.I., Chang, T.H., Fu, H.P., Lee, W.I., Lin, Y., Hsueh, H.C.: A study of an augmented CPFR model for the 3C retail industry. Supply Chain Manag. Int. J. (2007)Ellram, L.M.: Supply-chain management: the industrial organisation perspective. Int. J. Phys. Distrib. Logist. Manag. 21(1), 13–22 (1991)Entezaminia, A., Heydari, M., Rahmani, D.: A multi-objective model for multi-product multi-site aggregate production planning in a green supply chain: considering collection and recycling centers. J. Manuf. Syst. 40, 63–75 (2016)Esmaeili, M., Aryanezhad, M.-B., Zeephongsekul, P.: A game theory approach in seller–buyer supply chain. Eur. J. Oper. Res. 195(2), 442–448 (2009)Fu, Y., Piplani, R.: Supply-side collaboration and its value in supply chains. Eur. J. Oper. Res. 152(1), 281–288 (2004)Golicic, S.L., Foggin, J.H., Mentzer, J.T.: Relationship magnitude and its role in interorganizational relationship structure. J. Bus. Logist. 24(1), 57–75 (2003)Han, J.-H., Lee, J.-Y., Kim, Y.-D.: Production planning in a two-level supply chain for production-time-dependent products with dynamic demands. Comput. Ind. Eng. 135, 1–9 (2019)Hennet, J.-C., Arda, Y.: Supply chain coordination: a game-theory approach. Eng. Appl. Artif. Intell. 21(3), 399–405 (2008)Holweg, M., Disney, S., Holmström, J., Småros, J.: Supply chain collaboration: making sense of the strategy continuum. Eur. Manag. J. 23(2), 170–181 (2005)Huang, Y., Huang, G.Q., Newman, S.T.: Coordinating pricing and inventory decisions in a multi-level supply chain: a game-theoretic approach. Transp. Res. Part E Logist. Transp. Rev. 47(2), 115–129 (2011)Huang, Z., Li, S.X.: Co-op advertising models in manufacturer–retailer supply chains: a game theory approach. Eur. J. Oper. Res. 135(3), 527–544 (2001)Huiskonen, J.: Maintenance spare parts logistics: special characteristics and strategic choices. Int. J. Prod. Econ. 71(1–3), 125–133 (2001)Jena, S.K., Sarmah, S.: Price competition and co-operation in a duopoly closed-loop supply chain. Int. J. Prod. Econ. 156, 346–360 (2014)John, T.,DeWitt, W., Keebler, J.S., Min, S., Nix, N., Smith, C., Zacharia, Z.: Defining supply chain management. J. Bus. Logist. (2001)Kim, B., Oh, H.: The impact of decision‐making sharing between supplier and manufacturer on their collaboration performance. Supply Chain Manag. Int. J. (2005)Kwon, O., Im, G.P., Lee, K.C.: MACE-SCM: a multi-agent and case-based reasoning collaboration mechanism for supply chain management under supply and demand uncertainties. Expert Syst. Appl. 33(3), 690–705 (2007)Leng, M., Parlar, M.: Allocation of cost savings in a three-level supply chain with demand information sharing: a cooperative-game approach. Oper. Res. 57(1), 200–213 (2009)Leng, M., Parlar, M.: Game-theoretic analyses of decentralized assembly supply chains: non-cooperative equilibria vs. coordination with cost-sharing contracts. Eur. J. Oper. Res. 204(1), 96–104 (2010)Li, J., Wang, S., Cheng, T.E.: Competition and cooperation in a single-retailer two-supplier supply chain with supply disruption. Int. J. Prod. Econ. 124(1), 137–150 (2010)Long, Q.: A multi-methodological collaborative simulation for inter-organizational supply chain networks. Knowl.-Based Syst. 96, 84–95 (2016)Manthou, V., Vlachopoulou, M., Folinas, D.: Virtual e-Chain (VeC) model for supply chain collaboration. Int. J. Prod. Econ. 87(3), 241–250 (2004)Mena O'meara, N. A. (2010). Planificación Maestra de operaciones en la Gestión de la Cadena de Suministro en contexto de INcertidumbre en el Sector Cerámico. Propuesta de Modelado y Resolución Basada en Redes Neuronales Artificiales (ANN).Mentzer, J.T., Foggin, J.H., Golicic, S.L.: Collaboration: the enablers, impediments, and benefits. Supply Chain Manag. Rev. 4(4), 52–58 (2000)Mishra, A.A., Shah, R.: In union lies strength: collaborative competence in new product development and its performance effects. J. Oper. Manag. 27(4), 324–338 (2009)Mishra, U., Wu, J.-Z., Sarkar, B.: A sustainable production-inventory model for a controllable carbon emissions rate under shortages. J. Clean. Prod. 256, 120268 (2020)Mohammaditabar, D., Ghodsypour, S.H., Hafezalkotob, A.: A game theoretic analysis in capacity-constrained supplier-selection and cooperation by considering the total supply chain inventory costs. Int. J. Prod. Econ. 181, 87–97 (2016)Nagarajan, M., Sošić, G.: Game-theoretic analysis of cooperation among supply chain agents: review and extensions. Eur. J. Oper. Res. 187(3), 719–745 (2008)Navarro, K.S., Chedid, J.A., Florez, W.F., Mateus, H.O., Cárdenas-Barrón, L.E., Sana, S.S.: A collaborative EPQ inventory model for a three-echelon supply chain with multiple products considering the effect of marketing effort on demand. J. Ind.Manag. Optim. 16, 272–283 (2019)Nyaga, G.N., Whipple, J.M., Lynch, D.F.: Examining supply chain relationships: do buyer and supplier perspectives on collaborative relationships differ? J. Oper. Manag. 28(2), 101–114 (2010)Ospina-Mateus, H., Montero-Perez, J., Acevedo-Chedid, J., Salas-Navarro, K., Morales-Londoño, N.: A mathematical model for the optimization of the non-metallic mining supply chain in the mining district of Calamarí-Sucre (Colombia). Applied Computer Sciences in Engineering, Cham, Springer International Publishing (2020)Pimentel, B.S., Mateus, G.R., Almeida, F.A.: Mathematical models for optimizing the global mining supply chain. In: Intelligent Systems in Operations: Methods, Models and Applications in the Supply Chain, IGI global, pp 133–163 (2010)Rafiei, H., Safaei, F., Rabbani, M.: Integrated production-distribution planning problem in a competition-based four-echelon supply chain. Comput. Ind. Eng. 119, 85–99 (2018)Raghunathan, S.: Information sharing in a supply chain: a note on its value when demand is nonstationary. Manag. Sci. 47(4), 605–610 (2001)Ramanathan, U.: Aligning supply chain collaboration using analytic hierarchy process. Omega 41(2), 431–440 (2013)Ramanathan, U., Gunasekaran, A.: Supply chain collaboration: impact of success in long-term partnerships. Int. J. Prod. Econ. 147, 252–259 (2014)Ren, Z.J., Cohen, M.A., Ho, T.H., Terwiesch, C.: Information sharing in a long-term supply chain relationship: the role of customer review strategy. Oper. Res. 58(1), 81–93 (2010)Renna, P., Argoneto, P.: Capacity sharing in a network of independent factories: a cooperative game theory approach. Robot. Comput. Integr. Manuf. 27(2), 405–417 (2011)Rosenthal, E.C.: A game-theoretic approach to transfer pricing in a vertically integrated supply chain. Int. J. Prod. Econ. 115(2), 542–552 (2008)Sahay, B.: Supply chain collaboration: the key to value creation. Work study (2003)Sana, S.S., Chedid, J.A., Navarro, K.S.: A three layer supply chain model with multiple suppliers, manufacturers and retailers for multiple items. Appl. Math. Comput. 229, 139–150 (2014)Sarkar, B., Majumder, A., Sarkar, M., Dey, B.K., Roy, G.: Two-echelon supply chain model with manufacturing quality improvement and setup cost reduction. J. Ind. Manag. Optim. 13(2), 1085 (2017)Sarkar, B., Omair, M., Kim, N.: A cooperative advertising collaboration policy in supply chain management under uncertain conditions. Appl Soft Comput 88, 105948 (2020)Seifert, D.: Collaborative planning, forecasting, and replenishment: how to create a supply chain advantage, AMACOM Div American Mgmt Assn (2003)SeyedEsfahani, M.M., Biazaran, M., Gharakhani, M.: A game theoretic approach to coordinate pricing and vertical co-op advertising in manufacturer–retailer supply chains. Eur. J. Oper. Res. 211(2), 263–273 (2011)Sheu, C., Rebecca Yen, H., Chae, B.: Determinants of supplier-retailer collaboration: evidence from an international study. Int. J. Oper. Prod. Manag. 26(1), 24–49 (2006)Shirodkar, S., Kempf, K.: Supply chain collaboration through shared capacity models. Interfaces 36(5), 420–432 (2006)Simatupang, T.M., Sridharan, R.: The collaborative supply chain. Int. J. Logist. Manag. 13(1), 15–30 (2002)Simatupang, T.M., Sridharan, R.: Benchmarking supply chain collaboration. Benchmark. Int. J. (2004)Sinha, A.K., Aditya, H., Tiwari, M., Chan, F.T.: Agent oriented petroleum supply chain coordination: co-evolutionary particle swarm optimization based approach. Expert Syst. Appl. 38(5), 6132–6145 (2011)Stank, T.P., Keller, S.B., Daugherty, P.J.: Supply chain collaboration and logistical service performance. J. Bus. Logist. 22(1), 29–48 (2001)Vonderembse, M.A., Uppal, M., Huang, S.H., Dismukes, J.P.: Designing supply chains: Towards theory development. Int. J. Prod. Econ. 100(2), 223–238 (2006)Wang, H., Guo, M., Efstathiou, J.: A game-theoretical cooperative mechanism design for a two-echelon decentralized supply chain. Eur. J. Oper. Res. 157(2), 372–388 (2004)Xiao, T., Qi, X.: Price competition, cost and demand disruptions and coordination of a supply chain with one manufacturer and two competing retailers. Omega 36(5), 741–753 (2008)Xie, J., Neyret, A.: Co-op advertising and pricing models in manufacturer–retailer supply chains. Comput. Ind. Eng. 56(4), 1375–1385 (2009)Yaghin, R.G.: Integrated multi-site aggregate production-pricing planning in a two-echelon supply chain with multiple demand classes. Appl. Math. Model. 53, 276–295 (2018)Zhang, X., Huang, G.Q.: Game-theoretic approach to simultaneous configuration of platform products and supply chains with one manufacturing firm and multiple cooperative suppliers. Int. J. Prod. Econ. 124(1), 121–136 (2010)Zhao, Y., Wang, S., Cheng, T.E., Yang, X., Huang, Z.: Coordination of supply chains by option contracts: a cooperative game theory approach. Eur. J. Oper. Res. 207(2), 668–675 (2010)http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1ORIGINALPaper FINAL_Jaime Acevedo Chedid.pdfPaper FINAL_Jaime Acevedo Chedid.pdfapplication/pdf749805https://repositorio.utb.edu.co/bitstream/20.500.12585/10347/1/Paper%20FINAL_Jaime%20Acevedo%20Chedid.pdfac9a1dd235cf94493e52751d478db852MD51CC-LICENSElicense_rdflicense_rdfapplication/rdf+xml; charset=utf-8805https://repositorio.utb.edu.co/bitstream/20.500.12585/10347/2/license_rdf4460e5956bc1d1639be9ae6146a50347MD52LICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-83182https://repositorio.utb.edu.co/bitstream/20.500.12585/10347/3/license.txte20ad307a1c5f3f25af9304a7a7c86b6MD53TEXTPaper FINAL_Jaime Acevedo Chedid.pdf.txtPaper FINAL_Jaime Acevedo Chedid.pdf.txtExtracted texttext/plain88922https://repositorio.utb.edu.co/bitstream/20.500.12585/10347/4/Paper%20FINAL_Jaime%20Acevedo%20Chedid.pdf.txta8824b757e29f5b50bcfa9a39afbfd06MD54THUMBNAILPaper FINAL_Jaime Acevedo Chedid.pdf.jpgPaper FINAL_Jaime Acevedo Chedid.pdf.jpgGenerated Thumbnailimage/jpeg58115https://repositorio.utb.edu.co/bitstream/20.500.12585/10347/5/Paper%20FINAL_Jaime%20Acevedo%20Chedid.pdf.jpgcc048e98380da84e5c7bb170f935cd28MD5520.500.12585/10347oai:repositorio.utb.edu.co:20.500.12585/103472023-04-24 08:12:22.674Repositorio Institucional UTBrepositorioutb@utb.edu.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