Towards gender equality in engineering programs : A case study

The low participation of women in STEM fields is considered a critical issue in our society. We analyzed the student population by gender of the school of engineering at Universidad TecnolÓgica de Bolívar. We found that the share of female first-time students shows a decreasing trend since 2015 and...

Full description

Autores:
Ojeda-Caicedo, Vilma V.
Osorio-Del-Valle, Cristina
Villa-Ramirez, Jose L
Contreras-Ortiz, Sonia H.
Tipo de recurso:
Fecha de publicación:
2022
Institución:
Universidad Tecnológica de Bolívar
Repositorio:
Repositorio Institucional UTB
Idioma:
eng
OAI Identifier:
oai:repositorio.utb.edu.co:20.500.12585/12174
Acceso en línea:
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12585/12174
Palabra clave:
Engineering education
Gender equality
Women in STEM
Rights
openAccess
License
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
id UTB2_e7208625b0814a0639b367a169229989
oai_identifier_str oai:repositorio.utb.edu.co:20.500.12585/12174
network_acronym_str UTB2
network_name_str Repositorio Institucional UTB
repository_id_str
dc.title.spa.fl_str_mv Towards gender equality in engineering programs : A case study
title Towards gender equality in engineering programs : A case study
spellingShingle Towards gender equality in engineering programs : A case study
Engineering education
Gender equality
Women in STEM
title_short Towards gender equality in engineering programs : A case study
title_full Towards gender equality in engineering programs : A case study
title_fullStr Towards gender equality in engineering programs : A case study
title_full_unstemmed Towards gender equality in engineering programs : A case study
title_sort Towards gender equality in engineering programs : A case study
dc.creator.fl_str_mv Ojeda-Caicedo, Vilma V.
Osorio-Del-Valle, Cristina
Villa-Ramirez, Jose L
Contreras-Ortiz, Sonia H.
dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv Ojeda-Caicedo, Vilma V.
Osorio-Del-Valle, Cristina
Villa-Ramirez, Jose L
Contreras-Ortiz, Sonia H.
dc.subject.keywords.spa.fl_str_mv Engineering education
Gender equality
Women in STEM
topic Engineering education
Gender equality
Women in STEM
description The low participation of women in STEM fields is considered a critical issue in our society. We analyzed the student population by gender of the school of engineering at Universidad TecnolÓgica de Bolívar. We found that the share of female first-time students shows a decreasing trend since 2015 and was only 24% in 2020. Gender gaps are wider in electrical, electronic, systems, mechanic, and mechatronic engineering. We also observed that females have lower access to engineering programs, especially in the last three years. The effects of the COVID-19 pandemic have been observed as a reduction of the share of enrolled students vs applicants. In order to increase the participation of women in the programs with higher gender gaps, we developed several activities in 2020 specially designed for secondary students with the participation of female instructors as role models.
publishDate 2022
dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv 2022-05-31
dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv 2023-07-19T21:14:02Z
dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv 2023-07-19T21:14:02Z
dc.date.submitted.none.fl_str_mv 2023-07
dc.type.coarversion.fl_str_mv http://purl.org/coar/version/c_b1a7d7d4d402bcce
dc.type.coar.fl_str_mv http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1
dc.type.driver.spa.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
dc.type.hasversion.spa.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/draft
dc.type.spa.spa.fl_str_mv http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501
status_str draft
dc.identifier.citation.spa.fl_str_mv V. V. Ojeda-Caicedo, C. Osorio-Del-Valle, J. L. Villa-Ramirez and S. H. Contreras-Ortiz, "Towards gender equality in engineering programs. A case study," 2022 IEEE World Engineering Education Conference (EDUNINE), Santos, Brazil, 2022, pp. 1-5, doi: 10.1109/EDUNINE53672.2022.9782343.
dc.identifier.uri.none.fl_str_mv https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12585/12174
dc.identifier.doi.none.fl_str_mv 10.1109/EDUNINE53672.2022.9782343
dc.identifier.instname.spa.fl_str_mv Universidad Tecnológica de Bolívar
dc.identifier.reponame.spa.fl_str_mv Repositorio Universidad Tecnológica de Bolívar
identifier_str_mv V. V. Ojeda-Caicedo, C. Osorio-Del-Valle, J. L. Villa-Ramirez and S. H. Contreras-Ortiz, "Towards gender equality in engineering programs. A case study," 2022 IEEE World Engineering Education Conference (EDUNINE), Santos, Brazil, 2022, pp. 1-5, doi: 10.1109/EDUNINE53672.2022.9782343.
10.1109/EDUNINE53672.2022.9782343
Universidad Tecnológica de Bolívar
Repositorio Universidad Tecnológica de Bolívar
url https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12585/12174
dc.language.iso.spa.fl_str_mv eng
language eng
dc.rights.coar.fl_str_mv http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
dc.rights.uri.*.fl_str_mv http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
dc.rights.accessrights.spa.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.rights.cc.*.fl_str_mv Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internacional
rights_invalid_str_mv http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internacional
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.format.mimetype.spa.fl_str_mv application/pdf
dc.publisher.place.spa.fl_str_mv Cartagena de Indias
dc.publisher.sede.spa.fl_str_mv Campus Tecnológico
dc.source.spa.fl_str_mv EDUNINE 2022 - 6th IEEE World Engineering Education Conference: Rethinking Engineering Education After COVID-19: A Path to the New Normal, Proceedings
institution Universidad Tecnológica de Bolívar
bitstream.url.fl_str_mv https://repositorio.utb.edu.co/bitstream/20.500.12585/12174/1/Towards%20gender%20equality%20in%20engineering%20programs.%20A%20case%20study.pdf
https://repositorio.utb.edu.co/bitstream/20.500.12585/12174/2/license_rdf
https://repositorio.utb.edu.co/bitstream/20.500.12585/12174/3/license.txt
https://repositorio.utb.edu.co/bitstream/20.500.12585/12174/4/Towards%20gender%20equality%20in%20engineering%20programs.%20A%20case%20study.pdf.txt
https://repositorio.utb.edu.co/bitstream/20.500.12585/12174/5/Towards%20gender%20equality%20in%20engineering%20programs.%20A%20case%20study.pdf.jpg
bitstream.checksum.fl_str_mv f6e37b71db0672c3a9f099efb3f1a506
4460e5956bc1d1639be9ae6146a50347
e20ad307a1c5f3f25af9304a7a7c86b6
bc85548b19a6c26c7fb5f452006581ca
32c2ee88f5a5b131c6b9d8db1abce732
bitstream.checksumAlgorithm.fl_str_mv MD5
MD5
MD5
MD5
MD5
repository.name.fl_str_mv Repositorio Institucional UTB
repository.mail.fl_str_mv repositorioutb@utb.edu.co
_version_ 1814021680916332544
spelling Ojeda-Caicedo, Vilma V.fb874931-1f3b-456e-b717-35e4b6ca7881Osorio-Del-Valle, Cristinaa9273241-0287-4a7a-9f14-b69c7fd4903dVilla-Ramirez, Jose Lf5f854f2-e973-40a7-9136-bdeecdc3c5d4Contreras-Ortiz, Sonia H.1d56d7f5-97c9-4429-b47d-48ebe97de2a82023-07-19T21:14:02Z2023-07-19T21:14:02Z2022-05-312023-07V. V. Ojeda-Caicedo, C. Osorio-Del-Valle, J. L. Villa-Ramirez and S. H. Contreras-Ortiz, "Towards gender equality in engineering programs. A case study," 2022 IEEE World Engineering Education Conference (EDUNINE), Santos, Brazil, 2022, pp. 1-5, doi: 10.1109/EDUNINE53672.2022.9782343.https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12585/1217410.1109/EDUNINE53672.2022.9782343Universidad Tecnológica de BolívarRepositorio Universidad Tecnológica de BolívarThe low participation of women in STEM fields is considered a critical issue in our society. We analyzed the student population by gender of the school of engineering at Universidad TecnolÓgica de Bolívar. We found that the share of female first-time students shows a decreasing trend since 2015 and was only 24% in 2020. Gender gaps are wider in electrical, electronic, systems, mechanic, and mechatronic engineering. We also observed that females have lower access to engineering programs, especially in the last three years. The effects of the COVID-19 pandemic have been observed as a reduction of the share of enrolled students vs applicants. In order to increase the participation of women in the programs with higher gender gaps, we developed several activities in 2020 specially designed for secondary students with the participation of female instructors as role models.application/pdfenghttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessAttribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internacionalhttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2EDUNINE 2022 - 6th IEEE World Engineering Education Conference: Rethinking Engineering Education After COVID-19: A Path to the New Normal, ProceedingsTowards gender equality in engineering programs : A case studyinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/drafthttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501http://purl.org/coar/version/c_b1a7d7d4d402bccehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1Engineering educationGender equalityWomen in STEMCartagena de IndiasCampus TecnológicoChavatzia, T. (2017) Cracking the code: Girls' and women's education in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM). Cited 207 times. Paris, France: UNESCOLegewie, J., DiPrete, T.A. The High School Environment and the Gender Gap in Science and Engineering (2014) Sociology of Education, 87 (4), pp. 259-280. Cited 163 times. http://soe.sagepub.com/ doi: 10.1177/0038040714547770Charlesworth, T.E.S., Banaji, M.R. Gender in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics: Issues, Causes, Solutions (2019) Journal of Neuroscience, 39 (37), pp. 7228-7243. Cited 72 times. http://www.jneurosci.org/lookup/doi/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0475-18.2019 doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0475-18.2019Osorio, C., Ojeda-Caicedo, V.V., Villa, J.L., Contreras-Ortiz, S.H. Participation of women in stem higher education programs in latin america: The issue of inequality (2021) 18th LACCEI International Multi-Conference for Engineering, Education, and Technology. Cited 2 times.Dasgupta, N., Stout, J.G. Girls and Women in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics: STEMing the Tide and Broadening Participation in STEM Careers (2014) Policy Insights from the Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 1 (1), pp. 21-29. Cited 285 times. journals.sagepub.com/home/bbs doi: 10.1177/2372732214549471Ellis, J., Fosdick, B.K., Rasmussen, C. Women 1.5 times more likely to leave stem pipeline after calculus compared to men: Lack of mathematical confidence a potential culprit (Open Access) (2016) PLoS ONE, 11 (7), art. no. e0157447. Cited 177 times. http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0157447 doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0157447Ganley, C.M., George, C.E., Cimpian, J.R., Makowski, M.B. Gender Equity in College Majors: Looking Beyond the STEM/Non-STEM Dichotomy for Answers Regarding Female Participation (Open Access) (2018) American Educational Research Journal, 55 (3), pp. 453-487. Cited 73 times. https://journals.sagepub.com/home/AER doi: 10.3102/0002831217740221Leaper, C., Starr, C.R. Helping and Hindering Undergraduate Women’s STEM Motivation: Experiences With STEM Encouragement, STEM-Related Gender Bias, and Sexual Harassment (2019) Psychology of Women Quarterly, 43 (2), pp. 165-183. Cited 63 times. http://www.sagepub.com/journalsProdDesc.nav?prodId=Journal202010 doi: 10.1177/0361684318806302Dulce, O.V., Maldonado, D., Sánchez, F. influencian mujeres a otras mujeres? el caso de las docentes en áreas stem en bogotá (2019) Cuadernos de trabajo. Escuela de Gobierno Alberto Lleras Camargo, 60.Shannon, G., Jansen, M., Williams, K., Cáceres, C., Motta, A., Odhiambo, A., Eleveld, A., (...), Mannell, J. Gender equality in science, medicine, and global health: where are we at and why does it matter? (Open Access) (2019) The Lancet, 393 (10171), pp. 560-569. Cited 217 times. http://www.journals.elsevier.com/the-lancet/ doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(18)33135-0Woolley, A.W., Chabris, C.F., Pentland, A., Hashmi, N., Malone, T.W. Evidence for a collective intelligence factor in the performance of human groups (Open Access) (2010) Science, 330 (6004), pp. 686-688. Cited 1408 times. http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/reprint/330/6004/686.pdf doi: 10.1126/science.1193147García-Holgado, A., Díaz, A.C., García-Pẽalvo, F.J. Engaging women into STEM in Latin America: W-STEM project (Open Access) (2019) ACM International Conference Proceeding Series, pp. 232-239. Cited 57 times. http://portal.acm.org/ ISBN: 978-145037191-9 doi: 10.1145/3362789.3362902UNESCO, Measuring gender equality in science and engineering: the SAGA survey of drivers and barriers to careers in science and engineering, 2017Young, D.M., Rudman, L.A., Buettner, H.M., McLean, M.C. The Influence of Female Role Models on Women's Implicit Science Cognitions (Open Access) (2013) Psychology of Women Quarterly, 37 (3), pp. 283-292. Cited 125 times. doi: 10.1177/0361684313482109Contreras-Ortiz, M.S., Ojeda-Caicedo, V.V., Marrugo-Salas, L., Contreras-Ortiz, S.H. A model for the development of programming courses to promote the participation of young women in stem (2021) Ninth International Conference on Technological Ecosystems for Enhancing Multiculturality (TEEM'21). Cited 2 times. October 26-29, 2021, Barcelona, Spain. ACM, New York, NY, USAhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1ORIGINALTowards gender equality in engineering programs. A case study.pdfTowards gender equality in engineering programs. A case study.pdfapplication/pdf124405https://repositorio.utb.edu.co/bitstream/20.500.12585/12174/1/Towards%20gender%20equality%20in%20engineering%20programs.%20A%20case%20study.pdff6e37b71db0672c3a9f099efb3f1a506MD51CC-LICENSElicense_rdflicense_rdfapplication/rdf+xml; charset=utf-8805https://repositorio.utb.edu.co/bitstream/20.500.12585/12174/2/license_rdf4460e5956bc1d1639be9ae6146a50347MD52LICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-83182https://repositorio.utb.edu.co/bitstream/20.500.12585/12174/3/license.txte20ad307a1c5f3f25af9304a7a7c86b6MD53TEXTTowards gender equality in engineering programs. A case study.pdf.txtTowards gender equality in engineering programs. A case study.pdf.txtExtracted texttext/plain5221https://repositorio.utb.edu.co/bitstream/20.500.12585/12174/4/Towards%20gender%20equality%20in%20engineering%20programs.%20A%20case%20study.pdf.txtbc85548b19a6c26c7fb5f452006581caMD54THUMBNAILTowards gender equality in engineering programs. A case study.pdf.jpgTowards gender equality in engineering programs. A case study.pdf.jpgGenerated Thumbnailimage/jpeg8124https://repositorio.utb.edu.co/bitstream/20.500.12585/12174/5/Towards%20gender%20equality%20in%20engineering%20programs.%20A%20case%20study.pdf.jpg32c2ee88f5a5b131c6b9d8db1abce732MD5520.500.12585/12174oai:repositorio.utb.edu.co:20.500.12585/121742023-07-20 00:17:49.7Repositorio Institucional UTBrepositorioutb@utb.edu.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