Applying a Green Solvent with Microwave, Ultrasound, and Soxhlet Extraction Techniques to Quantify the Slip Additive Cis-1,3-docosenamide and Nine Oxidative Degradation Byproducts in Polypropylene Samples
Erucamide is used as an important slip agent for polymers. However, erucamide can degrade during processing and long-term storage, forming various oxidation products. These degra dation products can affect the recovery rates of erucamide. In this study, investigated different solid–liquid extraction...
- Autores:
-
Hernández Fernández, Joaquin
Mendoza Pérez, Jaime
Ortega-Toro, Rodrigo
- Tipo de recurso:
- Fecha de publicación:
- 2023
- Institución:
- Universidad Tecnológica de Bolívar
- Repositorio:
- Repositorio Institucional UTB
- Idioma:
- eng
- OAI Identifier:
- oai:repositorio.utb.edu.co:20.500.12585/12466
- Acceso en línea:
- https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12585/12466
- Palabra clave:
- Erucamide
Extraction
Microwave
Soxhlet
Ultrasound
Cyclohexane
Dichloromethane
Limonene
GC-MS
LEMB
- Rights
- openAccess
- License
- http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/
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Applying a Green Solvent with Microwave, Ultrasound, and Soxhlet Extraction Techniques to Quantify the Slip Additive Cis-1,3-docosenamide and Nine Oxidative Degradation Byproducts in Polypropylene Samples |
| title |
Applying a Green Solvent with Microwave, Ultrasound, and Soxhlet Extraction Techniques to Quantify the Slip Additive Cis-1,3-docosenamide and Nine Oxidative Degradation Byproducts in Polypropylene Samples |
| spellingShingle |
Applying a Green Solvent with Microwave, Ultrasound, and Soxhlet Extraction Techniques to Quantify the Slip Additive Cis-1,3-docosenamide and Nine Oxidative Degradation Byproducts in Polypropylene Samples Erucamide Extraction Microwave Soxhlet Ultrasound Cyclohexane Dichloromethane Limonene GC-MS LEMB |
| title_short |
Applying a Green Solvent with Microwave, Ultrasound, and Soxhlet Extraction Techniques to Quantify the Slip Additive Cis-1,3-docosenamide and Nine Oxidative Degradation Byproducts in Polypropylene Samples |
| title_full |
Applying a Green Solvent with Microwave, Ultrasound, and Soxhlet Extraction Techniques to Quantify the Slip Additive Cis-1,3-docosenamide and Nine Oxidative Degradation Byproducts in Polypropylene Samples |
| title_fullStr |
Applying a Green Solvent with Microwave, Ultrasound, and Soxhlet Extraction Techniques to Quantify the Slip Additive Cis-1,3-docosenamide and Nine Oxidative Degradation Byproducts in Polypropylene Samples |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Applying a Green Solvent with Microwave, Ultrasound, and Soxhlet Extraction Techniques to Quantify the Slip Additive Cis-1,3-docosenamide and Nine Oxidative Degradation Byproducts in Polypropylene Samples |
| title_sort |
Applying a Green Solvent with Microwave, Ultrasound, and Soxhlet Extraction Techniques to Quantify the Slip Additive Cis-1,3-docosenamide and Nine Oxidative Degradation Byproducts in Polypropylene Samples |
| dc.creator.fl_str_mv |
Hernández Fernández, Joaquin Mendoza Pérez, Jaime Ortega-Toro, Rodrigo |
| dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv |
Hernández Fernández, Joaquin Mendoza Pérez, Jaime Ortega-Toro, Rodrigo |
| dc.subject.keywords.spa.fl_str_mv |
Erucamide Extraction Microwave Soxhlet Ultrasound Cyclohexane Dichloromethane Limonene GC-MS |
| topic |
Erucamide Extraction Microwave Soxhlet Ultrasound Cyclohexane Dichloromethane Limonene GC-MS LEMB |
| dc.subject.armarc.none.fl_str_mv |
LEMB |
| description |
Erucamide is used as an important slip agent for polymers. However, erucamide can degrade during processing and long-term storage, forming various oxidation products. These degra dation products can affect the recovery rates of erucamide. In this study, investigated different solid–liquid extraction methods (Soxhlet, microwave, and ultrasound) and used gas chromatography with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to quantify erucamide and its degradation byproducts in polypropy lene (PP). A multivariable experiment was designed, and a mixed-effect approach was used to analyze the results. Various extraction variables were examined, such as temperature, time, solvents, and PP pretreatments. Using a mixed-effect model with a Kenward–Roger approximation, an R2 of the model of 97% and p values of 0.168, 0.000, and 0.000 were obtained for the technical, solvent, and type of PP pretreatment variables, respectively. The highest average recoveries of erucamide were found with the microwave technique and were 96.4% using dichloromethane, 94.57% using cyclohexane, and 93.05% using limonene. With ultrasound, recoveries ranged between 85 and 92% for dichloromethane and limonene. In addition, it was observed that the extraction method had better recovery results in ground PP than in films and in pellets. Nine oxidative degradation byproducts of erucamide were identified and semi-quantified by GC-MS. The reaction mechanisms for forming each byproduct were proposed. The byproducts that experienced a higher rate of degradation of erucamide were erucamide with a hydroxyl group at position one and 12-amino-6-12-oxo-dodecanoic acid, showing more prominent peaks using the Soxhlet method with cyclohexane and dichloromethane as solvents and polypropylene (PP) films as the type of material used. |
| publishDate |
2023 |
| dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv |
2023-08-25T16:48:51Z |
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2023-08-25T16:48:51Z |
| dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv |
2023-08-18 |
| dc.date.submitted.none.fl_str_mv |
2023-08-25 |
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http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85 |
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info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
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info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
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http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1 |
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publishedVersion |
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Joaquin, H.F.; Jaime, M.P.; Rodrigo, O.-T. Applying a Green Solvent with Microwave, Ultrasound, and Soxhlet Extraction Techniques to Quantify the Slip Additive Cis-1,3-docosenamide and Nine Oxidative Degradation Byproducts in Polypropylene Samples. Polymers 2023, 15, 3457. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym15163457 |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12585/12466 |
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10.3390/polym15163457 |
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Universidad Tecnológica de Bolívar |
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Repositorio Universidad Tecnológica de Bolívar |
| identifier_str_mv |
Joaquin, H.F.; Jaime, M.P.; Rodrigo, O.-T. Applying a Green Solvent with Microwave, Ultrasound, and Soxhlet Extraction Techniques to Quantify the Slip Additive Cis-1,3-docosenamide and Nine Oxidative Degradation Byproducts in Polypropylene Samples. Polymers 2023, 15, 3457. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym15163457 10.3390/polym15163457 Universidad Tecnológica de Bolívar Repositorio Universidad Tecnológica de Bolívar |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12585/12466 |
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eng |
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eng |
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openAccess |
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23 páginas |
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application/pdf |
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Cartagena de Indias |
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Campus Tecnológico |
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Polymers Vol. 15 No° 16 (2023) |
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Universidad Tecnológica de Bolívar |
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Hernández Fernández, Joaquinc9c120ef-5174-40a7-b55e-d858079b16ceMendoza Pérez, Jaimeff094ac2-4be4-44d1-9996-8acc2d2850c2Ortega-Toro, Rodrigod594d4c1-6ec9-4782-a84b-cee2853ea3592023-08-25T16:48:51Z2023-08-25T16:48:51Z2023-08-182023-08-25Joaquin, H.F.; Jaime, M.P.; Rodrigo, O.-T. Applying a Green Solvent with Microwave, Ultrasound, and Soxhlet Extraction Techniques to Quantify the Slip Additive Cis-1,3-docosenamide and Nine Oxidative Degradation Byproducts in Polypropylene Samples. Polymers 2023, 15, 3457. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym15163457https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12585/1246610.3390/polym15163457Universidad Tecnológica de BolívarRepositorio Universidad Tecnológica de BolívarErucamide is used as an important slip agent for polymers. However, erucamide can degrade during processing and long-term storage, forming various oxidation products. These degra dation products can affect the recovery rates of erucamide. In this study, investigated different solid–liquid extraction methods (Soxhlet, microwave, and ultrasound) and used gas chromatography with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to quantify erucamide and its degradation byproducts in polypropy lene (PP). A multivariable experiment was designed, and a mixed-effect approach was used to analyze the results. Various extraction variables were examined, such as temperature, time, solvents, and PP pretreatments. Using a mixed-effect model with a Kenward–Roger approximation, an R2 of the model of 97% and p values of 0.168, 0.000, and 0.000 were obtained for the technical, solvent, and type of PP pretreatment variables, respectively. The highest average recoveries of erucamide were found with the microwave technique and were 96.4% using dichloromethane, 94.57% using cyclohexane, and 93.05% using limonene. With ultrasound, recoveries ranged between 85 and 92% for dichloromethane and limonene. In addition, it was observed that the extraction method had better recovery results in ground PP than in films and in pellets. Nine oxidative degradation byproducts of erucamide were identified and semi-quantified by GC-MS. The reaction mechanisms for forming each byproduct were proposed. The byproducts that experienced a higher rate of degradation of erucamide were erucamide with a hydroxyl group at position one and 12-amino-6-12-oxo-dodecanoic acid, showing more prominent peaks using the Soxhlet method with cyclohexane and dichloromethane as solvents and polypropylene (PP) films as the type of material used.Universidad Tecnológica de Bolivar, Universidad de Cartagena, Universidad de la Costa23 páginasapplication/pdfenghttp://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessCC0 1.0 Universalhttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Polymers Vol. 15 No° 16 (2023)Applying a Green Solvent with Microwave, Ultrasound, and Soxhlet Extraction Techniques to Quantify the Slip Additive Cis-1,3-docosenamide and Nine Oxidative Degradation Byproducts in Polypropylene Samplesinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85ErucamideExtractionMicrowaveSoxhletUltrasoundCyclohexaneDichloromethaneLimoneneGC-MSLEMBCartagena de IndiasCampus TecnológicoInvestigadoresHernández-Fernández, J.; Vivas-Reyes, R.; Toloza, C.A.T. Experimental Study of the Impact of Trace Amounts of Acetylene and Methylacetylene on the Synthesis, Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Polypropylene. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23, 2148Hernández-Fernández, J.; Castro-Suarez, J.R.; Toloza, C.A.T. Iron Oxide Powder as Responsible for the Generation of Industrial Polypropylene Waste and as a Co-Catalyst for the Pyrolysis of Non-Additive Resins. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23, 11708.Hernández-Fernández, J.; Cano, H.; Aldas, M. Impact of Traces of Hydrogen Sulfide on the Efficiency of Ziegler–Natta Catalyst on the Final Properties of Polypropylene. Polymers 2022, 14, 3910Hernández-Fernández, J.; Cano-Cuadro, H.; Puello-Polo, E. Emission of Bisphenol A and Four New Analogs from Industrial Wastewater Treatment Plants in the Production Processes of Polypropylene and Polyethylene Terephthalate in South America. Sustainability 2022, 14, 10919.Hernández-Fernández, J.; Puello-Polo, E.; Trilleras, J. Characterization of Microplastics in Total Atmospheric Deposition Sampling from Areas Surrounding Industrial Complexes in Northwestern Colombia. Sustainability 2022, 14, 13613.Hernández-Fernández, J.; Guerra, Y.; Puello-Polo, E.; Marquez, E. Effects of Different Concentrations of Arsine on the Synthesis and Final Properties of Polypropylene. Polymers 2022, 14, 3123Hernández Fernández, J.; Cano, H.; Guerra, Y.; Puello Polo, E.; Ríos-Rojas, J.F.; Vivas-Reyes, R.; Oviedo, J. Identification and Quantification of Microplastics in Effluents of Wastewater Treatment Plant by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). Sustainability 2022, 14, 4920Hernández-Fernández, J. Quantification of arsine and phosphine in industrial atmospheric emissions in Spain and Colombia. Implementation of modified zeolites to reduce the environmental impact of emissions. Atmos. Pollut. Res. 2021, 12, 167–176Gómez-Contreras, P.; Figueroa-Lopez, K.J.; Hernández-Fernández, J.; Cortés Rodríguez, M.; Ortega-Toro, R. 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