An IDA-PBC Design with Integral Action for Output Voltage Regulation in an Interleaved Boost Converter for DC Microgrid Applications
This paper describes the output voltage regulation control for an interleaved connected to a direct current (DC) microgrid considering bidirectional current flows. The proposed controller is based on an interconnection and damping passivity-based control (IDA-PBC) approach with integral action that...
- Autores:
-
Danilo Montoya, Oscar Danilo
Martin Serra, Federico
Gil-González, Walter
Asensio, Eduardo Maximiliano
Bosso, Jonathan Emmanuel
- Tipo de recurso:
- Fecha de publicación:
- 2021
- Institución:
- Universidad Tecnológica de Bolívar
- Repositorio:
- Repositorio Institucional UTB
- Idioma:
- eng
- OAI Identifier:
- oai:repositorio.utb.edu.co:20.500.12585/11107
- Acceso en línea:
- https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12585/11107
- Palabra clave:
- Nonlinear passivity-based control design
Interleaved boost converter
Voltage regulation
Direct current microgrids
Classic PI design
LEMB
- Rights
- openAccess
- License
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
id |
UTB2_a5602158a1462c4ec1adcca5d4ad9330 |
---|---|
oai_identifier_str |
oai:repositorio.utb.edu.co:20.500.12585/11107 |
network_acronym_str |
UTB2 |
network_name_str |
Repositorio Institucional UTB |
repository_id_str |
|
dc.title.es_CO.fl_str_mv |
An IDA-PBC Design with Integral Action for Output Voltage Regulation in an Interleaved Boost Converter for DC Microgrid Applications |
title |
An IDA-PBC Design with Integral Action for Output Voltage Regulation in an Interleaved Boost Converter for DC Microgrid Applications |
spellingShingle |
An IDA-PBC Design with Integral Action for Output Voltage Regulation in an Interleaved Boost Converter for DC Microgrid Applications Nonlinear passivity-based control design Interleaved boost converter Voltage regulation Direct current microgrids Classic PI design LEMB |
title_short |
An IDA-PBC Design with Integral Action for Output Voltage Regulation in an Interleaved Boost Converter for DC Microgrid Applications |
title_full |
An IDA-PBC Design with Integral Action for Output Voltage Regulation in an Interleaved Boost Converter for DC Microgrid Applications |
title_fullStr |
An IDA-PBC Design with Integral Action for Output Voltage Regulation in an Interleaved Boost Converter for DC Microgrid Applications |
title_full_unstemmed |
An IDA-PBC Design with Integral Action for Output Voltage Regulation in an Interleaved Boost Converter for DC Microgrid Applications |
title_sort |
An IDA-PBC Design with Integral Action for Output Voltage Regulation in an Interleaved Boost Converter for DC Microgrid Applications |
dc.creator.fl_str_mv |
Danilo Montoya, Oscar Danilo Martin Serra, Federico Gil-González, Walter Asensio, Eduardo Maximiliano Bosso, Jonathan Emmanuel |
dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv |
Danilo Montoya, Oscar Danilo Martin Serra, Federico Gil-González, Walter Asensio, Eduardo Maximiliano Bosso, Jonathan Emmanuel |
dc.subject.keywords.es_CO.fl_str_mv |
Nonlinear passivity-based control design Interleaved boost converter Voltage regulation Direct current microgrids Classic PI design |
topic |
Nonlinear passivity-based control design Interleaved boost converter Voltage regulation Direct current microgrids Classic PI design LEMB |
dc.subject.armarc.none.fl_str_mv |
LEMB |
description |
This paper describes the output voltage regulation control for an interleaved connected to a direct current (DC) microgrid considering bidirectional current flows. The proposed controller is based on an interconnection and damping passivity-based control (IDA-PBC) approach with integral action that regulates the output voltage profile at its assigned reference. This approach designs a control law via nonlinear feedback that ensures asymptotic stability in a closed-loop in the sense of Lyapunov. Moreover, the IDA-PBC design adds an integral gain to eliminate the possible tracking errors in steady-state conditions. Numerical simulations in the Piecewise Linear Electrical Circuit Simulation (PLECS) package for MATLAB/Simulink demonstrate that the effectiveness of the proposed controller is assessed and compared with a conventional proportional-integral controller under different scenarios considering strong variations in the current injected/absorbed by the DC microgrid. |
publishDate |
2021 |
dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv |
2021-12-29 |
dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv |
2022-09-19T20:56:59Z |
dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv |
2022-09-19T20:56:59Z |
dc.date.submitted.none.fl_str_mv |
2022-09-13 |
dc.type.driver.es_CO.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
dc.type.hasversion.es_CO.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/restrictedAccess |
dc.type.spa.es_CO.fl_str_mv |
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1 |
dc.identifier.citation.es_CO.fl_str_mv |
Montoya, O.D.; Serra, F.M.; Gil-González, W.; Asensio, E.M.; Bosso, J.E. An IDA-PBC Design with Integral Action for Output Voltage Regulation in an Interleaved Boost Converter for DC Microgrid Applications. Actuators 2022, 11, 5. https://doi.org/10.3390/act11010005 |
dc.identifier.uri.none.fl_str_mv |
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12585/11107 |
dc.identifier.doi.none.fl_str_mv |
. https://doi.org/10.3390/act11010005 |
dc.identifier.instname.es_CO.fl_str_mv |
Universidad Tecnológica de Bolívar |
dc.identifier.reponame.es_CO.fl_str_mv |
Repositorio Universidad Tecnológica de Bolívar |
identifier_str_mv |
Montoya, O.D.; Serra, F.M.; Gil-González, W.; Asensio, E.M.; Bosso, J.E. An IDA-PBC Design with Integral Action for Output Voltage Regulation in an Interleaved Boost Converter for DC Microgrid Applications. Actuators 2022, 11, 5. https://doi.org/10.3390/act11010005 . https://doi.org/10.3390/act11010005 Universidad Tecnológica de Bolívar Repositorio Universidad Tecnológica de Bolívar |
url |
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12585/11107 |
dc.language.iso.es_CO.fl_str_mv |
eng |
language |
eng |
dc.rights.coar.fl_str_mv |
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2 |
dc.rights.uri.*.fl_str_mv |
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ |
dc.rights.accessrights.es_CO.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
dc.rights.cc.*.fl_str_mv |
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internacional |
rights_invalid_str_mv |
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internacional http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2 |
eu_rights_str_mv |
openAccess |
dc.format.extent.none.fl_str_mv |
16 Páginas |
dc.format.mimetype.es_CO.fl_str_mv |
application/pdf |
dc.publisher.place.es_CO.fl_str_mv |
Cartagena de Indias |
dc.source.es_CO.fl_str_mv |
Actuators 2022 |
institution |
Universidad Tecnológica de Bolívar |
bitstream.url.fl_str_mv |
https://repositorio.utb.edu.co/bitstream/20.500.12585/11107/1/actuators-11-00005.pdf https://repositorio.utb.edu.co/bitstream/20.500.12585/11107/2/license_rdf https://repositorio.utb.edu.co/bitstream/20.500.12585/11107/3/license.txt https://repositorio.utb.edu.co/bitstream/20.500.12585/11107/4/actuators-11-00005.pdf.txt https://repositorio.utb.edu.co/bitstream/20.500.12585/11107/5/actuators-11-00005.pdf.jpg |
bitstream.checksum.fl_str_mv |
c0126c3b9dc4eb51c9c68da95a96a620 4460e5956bc1d1639be9ae6146a50347 e20ad307a1c5f3f25af9304a7a7c86b6 449fc852f31b0670065b144395d26b46 477c039bc43998ad72a178e75e28f080 |
bitstream.checksumAlgorithm.fl_str_mv |
MD5 MD5 MD5 MD5 MD5 |
repository.name.fl_str_mv |
Repositorio Institucional UTB |
repository.mail.fl_str_mv |
repositorioutb@utb.edu.co |
_version_ |
1814021656258019328 |
spelling |
Danilo Montoya, Oscar Danilo9fa8a75a-58fa-436d-a6e2-d80f718a4ea8Martin Serra, Federicoe9e063e5-cc5b-42c0-860e-d58b2bbd76b4Gil-González, Walterce1f5078-74c6-4b5c-b56a-784f85e52a08Asensio, Eduardo Maximiliano19b3cb5d-2010-41c9-bf34-7ff793b01dc8Bosso, Jonathan Emmanuelbfb73b64-4f98-4830-b771-b3ab2d7404522022-09-19T20:56:59Z2022-09-19T20:56:59Z2021-12-292022-09-13Montoya, O.D.; Serra, F.M.; Gil-González, W.; Asensio, E.M.; Bosso, J.E. An IDA-PBC Design with Integral Action for Output Voltage Regulation in an Interleaved Boost Converter for DC Microgrid Applications. Actuators 2022, 11, 5. https://doi.org/10.3390/act11010005https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12585/11107. https://doi.org/10.3390/act11010005Universidad Tecnológica de BolívarRepositorio Universidad Tecnológica de BolívarThis paper describes the output voltage regulation control for an interleaved connected to a direct current (DC) microgrid considering bidirectional current flows. The proposed controller is based on an interconnection and damping passivity-based control (IDA-PBC) approach with integral action that regulates the output voltage profile at its assigned reference. This approach designs a control law via nonlinear feedback that ensures asymptotic stability in a closed-loop in the sense of Lyapunov. Moreover, the IDA-PBC design adds an integral gain to eliminate the possible tracking errors in steady-state conditions. Numerical simulations in the Piecewise Linear Electrical Circuit Simulation (PLECS) package for MATLAB/Simulink demonstrate that the effectiveness of the proposed controller is assessed and compared with a conventional proportional-integral controller under different scenarios considering strong variations in the current injected/absorbed by the DC microgrid.16 Páginasapplication/pdfenghttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessAttribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internacionalhttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Actuators 2022An IDA-PBC Design with Integral Action for Output Voltage Regulation in an Interleaved Boost Converter for DC Microgrid Applicationsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/restrictedAccesshttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1Nonlinear passivity-based control designInterleaved boost converterVoltage regulationDirect current microgridsClassic PI designLEMBCartagena de IndiasLana, A.; Mattsson, A.; Nuutinen, P.; Peltoniemi, P.; Kaipia, T.; Kosonen, A.; Aarniovuori, L.; Partanen, J. On Low-Voltage DC Network Customer-End Inverter Energy Efficiency. IEEE Trans. Smart Grid 2014, 5, 2709–2717.Montoya, O.D.; Gil-González, W.; Serra, F.M.; Angelo, C.H.D.; Hernández, J.C. Global Optimal Stabilization of MT-HVDC Systems: Inverse Optimal Control Approach. Electronics 2021, 10, 2819Garces, A. Uniqueness of the power flow solutions in low voltage direct current grids. Electr. Power Syst. Res. 2017, 151, 149–153.Justo, J.J.; Mwasilu, F.; Lee, J.; Jung, J.W. AC-microgrids versus DC-microgrids with distributed energy resources: A review. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 2013, 24, 387–405Lotfi, H.; Khodaei, A. AC Versus DC Microgrid Planning. IEEE Trans. Smart Grid 2017, 8, 296–304Magaldi, G.L.; Serra, F.M.; de Angelo, C.H.; Montoya, O.D.; Giral-Ramírez, D.A. Voltage Regulation of an Isolated DC Microgrid with a Constant Power Load: A Passivity-based Control Design. Electronics 2021, 10, 2085Serra, F.M.; Angelo, C.H.D. Control of a battery charger for electric vehicles with unity power factor. Trans. Energy Syst. Eng. Appl. 2021, 2, 32–44Solsona, J.A.; Jorge, S.G.; Busada, C.A. Nonlinear Control of a Buck Converter Which Feeds a Constant Power Load. IEEE Trans. Power Electron. 2015, 30, 7193–7201Salimi, M.; Siami, S. Cascade nonlinear control of DC-DC buck/boost converter using exact feedback linearization. In Proceedings of the 2015 4th International Conference on Electric Power and Energy Conversion Systems (EPECS), Sharjah, United Arab Emirates, 24–26 November 2015; IEEE: Piscataway, NJ, USA, 2015Gil-González, W.; Montoya, O.D.; Restrepo, C.; Hernández, J.C. Sensorless Adaptive Voltage Control for Classical DC-DC Converters Feeding Unknown Loads: A Generalized PI Passivity-Based Approach. Sensors 2021, 21, 6367Ramos-Paja, C.A.; Gonzalez-Motoya, D.; Villegas-Seballos, J.P.; Serna-Garces, S.I.; Giral, R. Sliding-mode controller for a photovoltaic system based on a Cuk converter. Int. J. Electr. Comput. Eng. (IJECE) 2021, 11, 2027Jin, P.; Li, Y.; Li, G.; Chen, Z.; Zhai, X. Optimized hierarchical power oscillations control for distributed generation under unbalanced conditions. Appl. Energy 2017, 194, 343–352Iskender, I.; Genc, N. Power Electronic Converters in DC Microgrid. In Power Systems; Springer International Publishing: Berlin/Heidelberg, Germany, 2019; pp. 115–137.Quintero, C.E.; Pérez, S.A.; Ceballos, J.P.V.; González-Montoya, D.; Garcés, S.S. Design and Digital Control of an Interleaved Boost Converter for Battery Charge/Discharge. Tecnológicas 2021, 24, e1556. (In Spanish)He, L.; Lin, Z.; Tan, Q.; Lu, F.; Zeng, T. Interleaved High Step-Up Current Sharing Converter with Coupled Inductors. Electronics 2021, 10, 436.Hausberger, T.; Kugi, A.; Eder, A.; Kemmetmüller, W. High-speed nonlinear model predictive control of an interleaved switching DC/DC-converter. Control. Eng. Pract. 2020, 103, 104576Cervantes, I.; Mendoza-Torres, A.; Garcia-Cuevas, A.; Perez-Pinal, F. Switched control of interleaved converters. In Proceedings of the 2009 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference, Dearborn, MI, USA, 7–11 September 2009; IEEE: Piscataway, NJ, USA, 2009Kumar, S.S.; Kanimozhi, G. A nonlinear control technique for interleaved boost converter. In Proceedings of the 2016 10th International Conference on Intelligent Systems and Control (ISCO), Coimbatore, India, 7–8 January 2016; IEEE: Piscataway, NJ, USA, 2016Cid-Pastor, A.; Giral, R.; Calvente, J.; Utkin, V.I.; Martinez-Salamero, L. Interleaved Converters Based on Sliding-Mode Control in a Ring Configuration. IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. I Regul. Pap. 2011, 58, 2566–2577Tiwari, A.; Jaga, O.; Soni, S.S. Sliding mode controller based interleaved boost converter for fuel cell system. In Proceedings of the 2017 Recent Developments in Control, Automation & Power Engineering (RDCAPE), Noida, India, 26–27 October 2017; IEEE: Piscataway, NJ, USA, 2017Gkizas, G.; Amanatidis, C.; Yfoulis, C.; Stergiopoulos, F.; Giaouris, D.; Ziogou, C.; Voutetakis, S.; Papadopoulou, S. State-feedback control of an interleaved DC-DC boost converter. In Proceedings of the 2016 24th Mediterranean Conference on Control and Automation (MED), Athens, Greece, 21–24 June 2016; IEEE: Piscataway, NJ, USA 2016González, A.; López-Erauskin, R.; Gyselinck, J. Analysis, modeling, control and operation of an interleaved three-port boost converter for DMPPT systems including PV and storage at module level. Heliyon 2019, 5, e01402. [Olmos-Lopez, A.; Guerrero, G.; Arau, J.; Aguilar, C.; Yris, J.C. Passivity-based control for current sharing in PFC interleaved boost converters. In Proceedings of the 2011 Twenty-Sixth Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC), Fort Worth, TX, USA, 6–11 March 2011; IEEE: Piscataway, NJ, USA, 2011.Zhou, H.; Khambadkone, A.M.; Kong, X. A Passivity Based Control with Augmented Integration for an Interleaved Current Fed Full Bridge Converter as a Front End for Fuel Cell Source. In Proceedings of the 2007 IEEE Industry Applications Annual Meeting, New Orleans, LA, USA, 23–27 September2007; IEEE: Piscataway, NJ, USA, 2007Bharathi, M.; Kirubakaran, D. Solar powered closed-loop controlled fuzzy logic-based three-stage interleaved DC-DC boost converter with an inverter. Int. J. Adv. Intell. Paradig. 2016, 8, 140. [Sunarno, E.; Sudiharto, I.; Nugraha, S.D.; Qudsi, O.A.; Eviningsih, R.P.; Raharja, L.P.S.; Arifin, I.F. A Simple And Implementation of Interleaved Boost Converter For Renewable Energy. In Proceedings of the 2018 International Conference on Sustainable Energy Engineering and Application (ICSEEA), Tangerang, Indonesia, 1–2 November 2018; IEEE: Piscataway, NJ, USA, 2018Barhoumi, E.; Belgacem, I.B.; Khiareddine, A.; Zghaibeh, M.; Tlili, I. A Neural Network-Based Four Phases Interleaved Boost Converter for Fuel Cell System Applications. Energies 2018, 11, 3423.Gonzalez, W.J.G.; Bocanegra, S.Y.; Serra, F.M.; Bueno-López, M.; Magaldi, G.L. Control Methods for Single-phase Voltage Supply with VSCs to Feed Nonlinear Loads in Rural Areas. Trans. Energy Syst. Eng. Appl. 2020, 1, 33–47.Serra, F.M.; Angelo, C.H.D.; Forchetti, D.G. Interconnection and damping assignment control of a three-phase front end converter. Int. J. Electr. Power Energy Syst. 2014, 60, 317–324Herrera-Pérez, J.J.; Garcés-Ruiz, A. Análisis de estabilidad de convertidores de segundo orden con la metodología de optimización de suma de polinomios cuadráticos. Trans. Energy Syst. Eng. Appl. 2020, 1, 49–58. (In Spanish)Serra, F.M.; Angelo, C.H.D. IDA-PBC controller design for grid connected Front End Converters under non-ideal grid conditions. Electr. Power Syst. Res. 2017, 142, 12–19Donaire, A.; Junco, S. On the addition of integral action to port-controlled Hamiltonian systems. Automatica 2009, 45, 1910–1916.. Asadi, F.; Eguchi, K. Simulation of Power Electronics Converters Using PLECS®; Elsevier: Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 2020.Frivaldsky, M.; Morgos, J.; Prazenica, M.; Takacs, K. System Level Simulation of Microgrid Power Electronic Systems. Electronics 2021, 10, 644Morales, J.A.; Castro, M.A.; Garcia, D.; Higuera, C.; Sandoval, J. IDA-PBC Controller Tuning Using Steepest Descent. In Numerical and Evolutionary Optimization—NEO 2017; Springer International Publishing: Berlin/Heidelberg, Germany, 2018; pp. 158–170.http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1ORIGINALactuators-11-00005.pdfactuators-11-00005.pdfapplication/pdf5861457https://repositorio.utb.edu.co/bitstream/20.500.12585/11107/1/actuators-11-00005.pdfc0126c3b9dc4eb51c9c68da95a96a620MD51CC-LICENSElicense_rdflicense_rdfapplication/rdf+xml; charset=utf-8805https://repositorio.utb.edu.co/bitstream/20.500.12585/11107/2/license_rdf4460e5956bc1d1639be9ae6146a50347MD52LICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-83182https://repositorio.utb.edu.co/bitstream/20.500.12585/11107/3/license.txte20ad307a1c5f3f25af9304a7a7c86b6MD53TEXTactuators-11-00005.pdf.txtactuators-11-00005.pdf.txtExtracted texttext/plain39985https://repositorio.utb.edu.co/bitstream/20.500.12585/11107/4/actuators-11-00005.pdf.txt449fc852f31b0670065b144395d26b46MD54THUMBNAILactuators-11-00005.pdf.jpgactuators-11-00005.pdf.jpgGenerated Thumbnailimage/jpeg8219https://repositorio.utb.edu.co/bitstream/20.500.12585/11107/5/actuators-11-00005.pdf.jpg477c039bc43998ad72a178e75e28f080MD5520.500.12585/11107oai:repositorio.utb.edu.co:20.500.12585/111072022-09-20 00:18:40.101Repositorio Institucional UTBrepositorioutb@utb.edu.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 |