Would you Value a few More Hours of work? Underemployment and Subjective Well-Being Across Chilean Workers
Underemployment has gained attention in recent years because of its effects on health and well-being (life satisfaction), it is a widespread phenomenon in the labor force that affects not only workers, but also households, companies and governments. This paper explores the relationship between under...
- Autores:
-
Rodríıguez-Puello, Gabriel
Arcos, Ariel
Jara, Benjamin
- Tipo de recurso:
- Fecha de publicación:
- 2021
- Institución:
- Universidad Tecnológica de Bolívar
- Repositorio:
- Repositorio Institucional UTB
- Idioma:
- eng
- OAI Identifier:
- oai:repositorio.utb.edu.co:20.500.12585/10427
- Acceso en línea:
- https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12585/10427
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11482-021-09941-7
- Palabra clave:
- Underemployment
Subjective well-being
Unobserved heterogeneity
Willingness to accept
LEMB
- Rights
- openAccess
- License
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
| id |
UTB2_a3a1f549284f97858b08ff68447636a1 |
|---|---|
| oai_identifier_str |
oai:repositorio.utb.edu.co:20.500.12585/10427 |
| network_acronym_str |
UTB2 |
| network_name_str |
Repositorio Institucional UTB |
| repository_id_str |
|
| dc.title.spa.fl_str_mv |
Would you Value a few More Hours of work? Underemployment and Subjective Well-Being Across Chilean Workers |
| title |
Would you Value a few More Hours of work? Underemployment and Subjective Well-Being Across Chilean Workers |
| spellingShingle |
Would you Value a few More Hours of work? Underemployment and Subjective Well-Being Across Chilean Workers Underemployment Subjective well-being Unobserved heterogeneity Willingness to accept LEMB |
| title_short |
Would you Value a few More Hours of work? Underemployment and Subjective Well-Being Across Chilean Workers |
| title_full |
Would you Value a few More Hours of work? Underemployment and Subjective Well-Being Across Chilean Workers |
| title_fullStr |
Would you Value a few More Hours of work? Underemployment and Subjective Well-Being Across Chilean Workers |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Would you Value a few More Hours of work? Underemployment and Subjective Well-Being Across Chilean Workers |
| title_sort |
Would you Value a few More Hours of work? Underemployment and Subjective Well-Being Across Chilean Workers |
| dc.creator.fl_str_mv |
Rodríıguez-Puello, Gabriel Arcos, Ariel Jara, Benjamin |
| dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv |
Rodríıguez-Puello, Gabriel Arcos, Ariel Jara, Benjamin |
| dc.subject.keywords.spa.fl_str_mv |
Underemployment Subjective well-being Unobserved heterogeneity Willingness to accept |
| topic |
Underemployment Subjective well-being Unobserved heterogeneity Willingness to accept LEMB |
| dc.subject.armarc.none.fl_str_mv |
LEMB |
| description |
Underemployment has gained attention in recent years because of its effects on health and well-being (life satisfaction), it is a widespread phenomenon in the labor force that affects not only workers, but also households, companies and governments. This paper explores the relationship between underemployment and subjective well-being for a representative sample of Chilean workers using an ordered probit model. Also, by using different underemployment definitions and a latent class ordered probit model we analyze the observed and unobserved heterogeneity in this relationship. Finally, we assess the monetary valuation of well-being costs by estimating the amount of money that a worker is willing to accept in order to bear the potential negative effects of underemployment on well-being. Our results find a negative relationship between underemployment and subjective well-being, as the average worker is willing to accept an increase of CLP$64,009 (roughly 30.5% of the minimum wage) in her/his monthly wage for being underemployed. If we take into account the observed and unobserved heterogeneity, our results identify a group that is not sensitive to underemployment, while others are willing to accept an increase of CLP$146,622 in her/his monthly wage for being underemployed. Our work highlights the importance of well-being in the workplace and has implications for labor flexibility legislation and the empowerment of workers. Heterogeneous responses to underemployment imply that one-size-fits-all policies to regulate working hours might not suffice |
| publishDate |
2021 |
| dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv |
2021-04-08 |
| dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv |
2022-01-28T20:09:16Z |
| dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv |
2022-01-28T20:09:16Z |
| dc.date.submitted.none.fl_str_mv |
2022-01-28 |
| dc.type.driver.spa.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
| dc.type.hasVersion.spa.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/restrictedAccess |
| dc.type.spa.spa.fl_str_mv |
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1 |
| dc.identifier.citation.spa.fl_str_mv |
RodrguezPuello2021WouldYV, title={Would you Value a few More Hours of work? Underemployment and Subjective Well-Being Across Chilean Workers}, author={Gabriel Rodr{\'i}guez-Puello and Ariel Arcos and Benjam{\'i}n Jara}, journal={Applied Research in Quality of Life}, year={2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11482-021-09941-7 |
| dc.identifier.uri.none.fl_str_mv |
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12585/10427 |
| dc.identifier.doi.none.fl_str_mv |
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11482-021-09941-7 |
| dc.identifier.instname.spa.fl_str_mv |
Universidad Tecnológica de Bolívar |
| dc.identifier.reponame.spa.fl_str_mv |
Repositorio Universidad Tecnológica de Bolívar |
| identifier_str_mv |
RodrguezPuello2021WouldYV, title={Would you Value a few More Hours of work? Underemployment and Subjective Well-Being Across Chilean Workers}, author={Gabriel Rodr{\'i}guez-Puello and Ariel Arcos and Benjam{\'i}n Jara}, journal={Applied Research in Quality of Life}, year={2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11482-021-09941-7 Universidad Tecnológica de Bolívar Repositorio Universidad Tecnológica de Bolívar |
| url |
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12585/10427 https://doi.org/10.1007/s11482-021-09941-7 |
| dc.language.iso.spa.fl_str_mv |
eng |
| language |
eng |
| dc.rights.coar.fl_str_mv |
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2 |
| dc.rights.uri.*.fl_str_mv |
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ |
| dc.rights.accessRights.spa.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
| dc.rights.cc.*.fl_str_mv |
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internacional |
| rights_invalid_str_mv |
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internacional http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2 |
| eu_rights_str_mv |
openAccess |
| dc.format.extent.none.fl_str_mv |
28 Páginas |
| dc.format.mimetype.spa.fl_str_mv |
application/pdf |
| dc.publisher.place.spa.fl_str_mv |
Cartagena de Indias |
| dc.source.spa.fl_str_mv |
Applied Research in Quality of Life - vol. 17 n° 1 (2021) |
| institution |
Universidad Tecnológica de Bolívar |
| bitstream.url.fl_str_mv |
https://repositorio.utb.edu.co/bitstream/20.500.12585/10427/1/Rodr%c3%adguez-Puello2021_Article_WouldYouValueAFewMoreHoursOfWo.pdf https://repositorio.utb.edu.co/bitstream/20.500.12585/10427/2/license_rdf https://repositorio.utb.edu.co/bitstream/20.500.12585/10427/3/license.txt https://repositorio.utb.edu.co/bitstream/20.500.12585/10427/4/Rodr%c3%adguez-Puello2021_Article_WouldYouValueAFewMoreHoursOfWo.pdf.txt https://repositorio.utb.edu.co/bitstream/20.500.12585/10427/5/Rodr%c3%adguez-Puello2021_Article_WouldYouValueAFewMoreHoursOfWo.pdf.jpg |
| bitstream.checksum.fl_str_mv |
0d5f74c1990ce7a2393cac5dd5472143 4460e5956bc1d1639be9ae6146a50347 e20ad307a1c5f3f25af9304a7a7c86b6 933eea4579b517acb2d7f25549f13d35 05bcddd17147dc60c1271ba77e8b9ee2 |
| bitstream.checksumAlgorithm.fl_str_mv |
MD5 MD5 MD5 MD5 MD5 |
| repository.name.fl_str_mv |
Repositorio Institucional UTB |
| repository.mail.fl_str_mv |
repositorioutb@utb.edu.co |
| _version_ |
1814021717651095552 |
| spelling |
Rodríıguez-Puello, Gabriele7cc52f8-8ccc-47d6-85d7-be5a7e29a573Arcos, Ariel24317737-7fe1-4f37-91f3-55e104681469Jara, Benjamincffa18b3-8bff-4bac-83d8-4744a63145fb2022-01-28T20:09:16Z2022-01-28T20:09:16Z2021-04-082022-01-28RodrguezPuello2021WouldYV, title={Would you Value a few More Hours of work? Underemployment and Subjective Well-Being Across Chilean Workers}, author={Gabriel Rodr{\'i}guez-Puello and Ariel Arcos and Benjam{\'i}n Jara}, journal={Applied Research in Quality of Life}, year={2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11482-021-09941-7https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12585/10427https://doi.org/10.1007/s11482-021-09941-7Universidad Tecnológica de BolívarRepositorio Universidad Tecnológica de BolívarUnderemployment has gained attention in recent years because of its effects on health and well-being (life satisfaction), it is a widespread phenomenon in the labor force that affects not only workers, but also households, companies and governments. This paper explores the relationship between underemployment and subjective well-being for a representative sample of Chilean workers using an ordered probit model. Also, by using different underemployment definitions and a latent class ordered probit model we analyze the observed and unobserved heterogeneity in this relationship. Finally, we assess the monetary valuation of well-being costs by estimating the amount of money that a worker is willing to accept in order to bear the potential negative effects of underemployment on well-being. Our results find a negative relationship between underemployment and subjective well-being, as the average worker is willing to accept an increase of CLP$64,009 (roughly 30.5% of the minimum wage) in her/his monthly wage for being underemployed. If we take into account the observed and unobserved heterogeneity, our results identify a group that is not sensitive to underemployment, while others are willing to accept an increase of CLP$146,622 in her/his monthly wage for being underemployed. Our work highlights the importance of well-being in the workplace and has implications for labor flexibility legislation and the empowerment of workers. Heterogeneous responses to underemployment imply that one-size-fits-all policies to regulate working hours might not suffice28 Páginasapplication/pdfenghttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessAttribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internacionalhttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Applied Research in Quality of Life - vol. 17 n° 1 (2021)Would you Value a few More Hours of work? Underemployment and Subjective Well-Being Across Chilean Workersinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/restrictedAccesshttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1UnderemploymentSubjective well-beingUnobserved heterogeneityWillingness to acceptLEMBCartagena de IndiasAi, C., & Norton, E.C. (2003). Interaction terms in logit and probit models. Economics Letters, 80(1), 123–129Albagli, E. (2005). Mercado laboral y crecimiento economico: recomendaciones de pol ´ ´ıtica para chile. Estudios P´ublicos (Santiago), (99) 135–164.Altonji, J.G., & Paxson, C.H. (1988). Labor supply preferences, hours constraints, and hours-wage tradeoffs. Journal of Labor Economics, 6(2), 254–276Angrave, D., & Charlwood, A. (2015). What is the relationship between long working hours, overemployment, under-employment and the subjective well-being of workers? longitudinal evidence from the uk. Human Relations, 68(9), 1491–1515Bell, D.N., & Blanchflower, D.G. (2019). The well-being of the overemployed and the underemployed and the rise in depression in the uk. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 161, 180–196Binder, M., & Coad, A. (2015). Heterogeneity in the relationship between unemployment and subjective wellbeing: A quantile approach. Economica, 82(328), 865–891.Boncompte, J.G., & Paredes, R.D. (2019). Human capital endowments and gender differences in subjective well-being in chile. Journal of Happiness Studies, 21(1), 1–29.Boxall, P.C., & Adamowicz, W.L. (2002). Understanding heterogeneous preferences in random utility models: A latent class approach. Environmental and Resource Economics, 23(4), 421–446.Bravo, J. (2016). Subempleo en chile: Hacia un indicador de subutilizacion de la fuerza laboral. Technical ´ report, Clapes UC.Bunting, M. (2011). Willing slaves: How the overwork culture is ruling our lives. UK: HarperCollins.Caceres, L.R., & Caceres, S.A. (2015). Underemployment in latinamerica. The Journal of Developing Areas 293–322.Carrillo, F., Espinoza, S., Valenzuela, A. (2018). Mercado laboral y educacion en chile: Principales ´ tendencias y resultados. Documento de Trabajo, Comision Nacional de ProductividadCarroll, N. (2007). Unemployment and psychological well-being. Economic Record, 83(262), 287–302Ciriacy-Wantrup, S.V. (1947). Capital returns from soil-conservation practices. Journal of Farm Economics, 29(4), 1181–1196Clark, A.E., & Oswald, A.J. (2002). A simple statistical method for measuring how life events affect happiness. International Journal of Epidemiology, 31(6), 1139–1144.Clark, A., Georgellis, Y., Sanfey, P. (2001). Scarring: The psychological impact of past unemployment. Economica, 68(270), 221–241.Clark, A., Etile, F., Postel-Vinay, F., Senik, C., Van der Straeten, K. (2005). Heterogeneity in reported ´ well-being: Evidence from twelve european countries. The Economic Journal, 115(502), C118–C132Esenaliev, D., & Ferguson, N.T. (2019). The impact of job quality on wellbeing: Evidence from kyrgyzstan. Social Indicators Research, 144(1), 337–378Feldman, D.C. (1996). The nature, antecedents and consequences of underemployment. Journal of Management, 22(3), 385–407.Ferrer-i Carbonell, A., & Frijters, P. (2004). How important is methodology for the estimates of the determinants of happiness? The Economic Journal, 114(497), 641–659.Frey, B.S., & Stutzer, A. (2002). What can economists learn from happiness research? Journal of Economic Literature, 40(2), 402–435.Friedland, D.S., & Price, R.H. (2003). Underemployment: Consequences for the health and well-being of workers. American Journal of Community Psychology, 32(1-2), 33–45Garc´ıa-Ubaque, J.C., Riano-Casallas, M.I., Benavides-Pirac ˜ on, J.A. (2012). Informalidad, desempleo y ´ subempleo: Un problema de salud p´ublica. Revista de Salud P´ublica, 14, 138–150Gatica, J., Romaguera, P., et al. (2005). El mercado laboral en chile: nuevos temas y desaf´ıos. Oficina Internacional del TrabajoGoic, A. (2015). El sistema de salud de chile: Una tarea pendiente. Revista M´edica de Chile, 143(6), 774–786.Greene, W.H., & Hensher, D.A. (2003). A latent class model for discrete choice analysis: contrasts with mixed logit. Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, 37(8), 681–698.Greene, W.H., & Hensher, D.A. (2010). Modeling ordered choices: A primer. Cambridge: Cambridge University PressGreene, W., Harris, M.N., Hollingsworth, B., Weterings, T.A. (2014). Heterogeneity in ordered choice models: A review with applications to self-assessed health. Journal of Economic Surveys, 28(1), 109– 133Greenwood, A.M. (1999). International definitions and prospects of underemployment statistics. In Proceedings for the Seminario sobre Subempleo, Bogota (pp. 8–12).Helliwell, J., Layard, R., Sachs, J., De Neve, J. (2020). World happiness report 2020. New York: Sustainable development solutions network. Saatavilla https://happiness-report.s3.amazonaws.com/2020/ WHR20.pdf.Hess, S. (2014). 14 latent class structures: taste heterogeneity and beyond. In Handbook of choice modelling (pp. 311–329). Cheltenham: Edward Elgar PublishingHess, S., & Daly, A. (2014). Handbook of choice modelling. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar PublishingHeyes, J., Tomlinson, M., Whitworth, A. (2017). Underemployment and well-being in the uk before and after the great recession. Work, Employment and Society, 31(1), 71–89.Hilbrecht, M., Smale, B., Mock, S.E. (2017). The relationship between perceived underemployment and wellbeing: evidence from mid-size canadian cities. Applied Research in Quality of Life, 12(3), 607– 631ILO (2017). En 2017 el desempleo aumento por tercer a ´ no consecutivo en am ˜ erica latina y el caribe, pero ´ bajar´ıa el proximo a ´ no, Technical report, ILO.Jaar, D., Gonzalez, A., Puentes, E., et al (2016). Underemployment and queues for full time jobs: Evidence ´ from chile. Serie de Documentos de Trabajo, Universidad de Chile.Kamerade, D., & Richardson, H. (2018). Gender segregation, underemployment and subjective well-being ¯ in the uk labour market. Human Relations, 71(2), 285–309.Karaca-Mandic, P., Norton, E.C., Dowd, B. (2012). Interaction terms in nonlinear models. Health Services Research, 47(1pt1), 255–274.Keane, M., & Wasi, N. (2013). Comparing alternative models of heterogeneity in consumer choice behavior. Journal of Applied Econometrics, 28(6), 1018–1045.Kjeldstad, R., & Nymoen, E.H. (2009). Part-time work underemployment and gender: Worker versus job explanations. Statistics Norway, Research Department.Kremerman, M., Duran, G., P ´ aez, A. (2017). Productividad calidad del empleo y los institutos laborales. ´ Chile: Desaf´ıos de La Productividad y El Mundo LaboralKristof-Brown, A.L., Zimmerman, R.D., Johnson, E.C. (2005). Consequences of individuals’ fit at work: A meta-analysis of person-job, person-organization, person-group, and person-supervisor fit. Personnel psychology, 58(2), 281–342Lepinteur, A. (2019). Working time mismatches and self-assessed health of married couples: Evidence from germany. Social Science & Medicine, 235, 112410McKelvey, R.D., & Zavoina, W. (1975). A statistical model for the analysis of ordinal level dependent variables. Journal of Mathematical Sociology, 4(1), 103–120Mitchell, R.C., & Carson, R.T. (2013). Using surveys to value public goods: the contingent valuation method. Washington: Rff PressMousteri, V., Daly, M., Delaney, L. (2020). Underemployment and psychological distress: Propensity score and fixed effects estimates from two large uk samples. Social Science & Medicine, 112641, 244Murad, H., Fleischman, A., Sadetzki, S., Geyer, O., Freedman, L.S. (2003). Small samples and ordered logistic regression: Does it help to collapse categories of outcome? The American Statistician, 57(3), 155–160.Neira, I., Bruna, F., Portela, M., Garc´ıa-aracil, A. (2018a). Individual well-being, geographical heterogeneity and social capital. Journal of Happiness Studies, 19(4), 1067–1090.Neira, I., Lacalle-Calderon, M., Portela, M., Perez-Trujillo, M. (2018b). Social capital dimensions and subjective well-being: A quantile approach. Journal of Happiness Studies, 1–29.Norton, E.C., Wang, H., Ai, C. (2004). Computing interaction effects and standard errors in logit and probit models. The Stata Journal, 4(2), 154–167.Paez, A., & S ´ aez, B. (2018). Subempleo estructural y semiproletarizaci ´ on en una perspectiva de mediana ´ duracion. PhD thesis, Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Econ ´ omicas.Palomino, J., & Sarrias, M. (2019). The monetary subjective health evaluation for commuting long distances in chile: A latent class analysis. Papers in Regional Science, 98(3), 1397–1417Powdthavee, N. (2010). The happiness equation: The surprising economics of our most valuable asset. London: Icon Books Ltd.Radcliff, B. (2005). Class organization and subjective well-being: a cross-national analysis. Social Forces, 84(1), 513–530.Rodr´ıguez, O.M.R., Ballesteros, J.A., del Rosal, M.D.P.O. (2016). Subempleo y ocupacion de los j ´ ovenes ´ y ciclo economico: La importancia del nivel educativo y la especialidad. ´ Investigaciones de Econom´ıa de la Educaci´on, 11, 699–718.Rojas, M. (2018). Happiness in latin america has social foundations. World happiness report 89–114Romero-Espinosa, D., Sarrias, M., Daziano, R. (2020). Are preferences for city attributes heterogeneous? an assessment using a discrete choice experiment. Papers in Regional Science.Sandvik, E., Diener, E., Seidlitz, L. (1993). Subjective well-being: The convergence and stability of selfreport and non-self-report measures. Journal of Personality, 61(3), 317–342Sarrias, M. (2016). Discrete choice models with random parameters in r: The rchoice package. Journal of Statistical Software, 74(10), 1–31Sarrias, M. (2019). Do monetary subjective well-being evaluations vary across space? comparing continuous and discrete spatial heterogeneity. Spatial Economic Analysis, 14(1), 53–87.Sarrias, M., & Daziano, R. (2017). Multinomial logit models with continuous and discrete individual heterogeneity in r: The gmnl package. Journal of Statistical Software, 79(2), 1–46Sarrias, M., & Daziano, R.A. (2018). Individual-specific point and interval conditional estimates of latent class logit parameters. Journal of Choice Modelling, 27, 50–61Sarrias, M., & Jara, B. (2020). How much should we pay for mental health deterioration? The subjective monetary value of mental health after the 27f chilean earthquake. Journal of Happiness Studies, 21(3), 843–875.Schneider, U., Pfarr, C., Schneider, B.S., Ulrich, V. (2012). I feel good! gender differences and reporting heterogeneity in self-assessed health. The European Journal of Health Economics, 13(3), 251–265Scurry, T., & Blenkinsopp, J. (2011). Under-employment among recent graduates: A review of the literature. Personnel Review, 40(5), 643–659.Shields, M.A., Price, S.W., Wooden, M. (2009). Life satisfaction and the economic and social characteristics of neighbourhoods. Journal of Population Economics, 22(2), 421–443.Sumner, L.W. (1996). Welfare, happiness, and ethics. Oxford: Clarendon Press.Taht, K., Xanthopoulou, D., Figgou, L., Kostouli, M., Unt, M. (2019). The role of unemployment and job insecurity for the well-being of young europeans: Social inequality as a macro-level moderator. Journal of Happiness Studies 1–21Van Praag, B.M., & Baarsma, B.E. (2005). Using happiness surveys to value intangibles: The case of airport noise. The Economic Journal, 115(500), 224–246.Vinaccia, S., & Orozco, L.M. (2005). Aspectos psicosociales asociados con la calidad de vida de personas con enfermedades cronicas. ´ Diversitas, 1(2), 125–137Wang, M., & Hanges, P.J. (2011). Latent class procedures: Applications to organizational research. Organizational Research Methods, 14(1), 24–31.Wilkins, R. (2007). The consequences of underemployment for the underemployed. Journal of Industrial Relations, 49(2), 247–275.Williams, R. (2016). Understanding and interpreting generalized ordered logit models. The Journal of Mathematical Sociology, 40(1), 7–20.Wooden, M., Warren, D., Drago, R. (2009). Working time mismatch and subjective well-being. British Journal of Industrial Relations, 47(1), 147–179.Wunder, C., & Heineck, G. (2013). Working time preferences, hours mismatch and well-being of couples: Are there spillovers? Labour Economics, 24, 244–252.Zvonkovic, A.M. (1988). Underemployment: Individual and marital adjustment to income loss. Lifestyles, 9(2), 161–178.http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1ORIGINALRodríguez-Puello2021_Article_WouldYouValueAFewMoreHoursOfWo.pdfRodríguez-Puello2021_Article_WouldYouValueAFewMoreHoursOfWo.pdfapplication/pdf587579https://repositorio.utb.edu.co/bitstream/20.500.12585/10427/1/Rodr%c3%adguez-Puello2021_Article_WouldYouValueAFewMoreHoursOfWo.pdf0d5f74c1990ce7a2393cac5dd5472143MD51CC-LICENSElicense_rdflicense_rdfapplication/rdf+xml; charset=utf-8805https://repositorio.utb.edu.co/bitstream/20.500.12585/10427/2/license_rdf4460e5956bc1d1639be9ae6146a50347MD52LICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-83182https://repositorio.utb.edu.co/bitstream/20.500.12585/10427/3/license.txte20ad307a1c5f3f25af9304a7a7c86b6MD53TEXTRodríguez-Puello2021_Article_WouldYouValueAFewMoreHoursOfWo.pdf.txtRodríguez-Puello2021_Article_WouldYouValueAFewMoreHoursOfWo.pdf.txtExtracted texttext/plain76473https://repositorio.utb.edu.co/bitstream/20.500.12585/10427/4/Rodr%c3%adguez-Puello2021_Article_WouldYouValueAFewMoreHoursOfWo.pdf.txt933eea4579b517acb2d7f25549f13d35MD54THUMBNAILRodríguez-Puello2021_Article_WouldYouValueAFewMoreHoursOfWo.pdf.jpgRodríguez-Puello2021_Article_WouldYouValueAFewMoreHoursOfWo.pdf.jpgGenerated Thumbnailimage/jpeg60625https://repositorio.utb.edu.co/bitstream/20.500.12585/10427/5/Rodr%c3%adguez-Puello2021_Article_WouldYouValueAFewMoreHoursOfWo.pdf.jpg05bcddd17147dc60c1271ba77e8b9ee2MD5520.500.12585/10427oai:repositorio.utb.edu.co:20.500.12585/104272022-01-29 02:26:32.672Repositorio Institucional UTBrepositorioutb@utb.edu.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 |