Minimization of the distribution operating costs with D-STATCOMS: A mixed-integer conic model
This paper addresses the problem of determining the optimal location and operation of distribution static synchronous compensators (D-STATCOMs) in power distribution networks. Metaheuristic algorithms have been conventionally used to solve this mixed-integer nonlinear programming problem. In contras...
- Autores:
-
Garcés, Alejandro
Gil-González, Walter
Montoya Giraldo, Oscar Danilo
- Tipo de recurso:
- Article of investigation
- Fecha de publicación:
- 2022
- Institución:
- Universidad Tecnológica de Bolívar
- Repositorio:
- Repositorio Institucional UTB
- Idioma:
- eng
- OAI Identifier:
- oai:repositorio.utb.edu.co:20.500.12585/11115
- Acceso en línea:
- https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12585/11115
- Palabra clave:
- Mixed-integer second-order cone model
Multiobjective optimization
Global optimum
Distribution static synchronous compensator
LEMB
- Rights
- openAccess
- License
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
| id |
UTB2_a0c1c6ce0ee803c93b78b5c90e65b3d4 |
|---|---|
| oai_identifier_str |
oai:repositorio.utb.edu.co:20.500.12585/11115 |
| network_acronym_str |
UTB2 |
| network_name_str |
Repositorio Institucional UTB |
| repository_id_str |
|
| dc.title.spa.fl_str_mv |
Minimization of the distribution operating costs with D-STATCOMS: A mixed-integer conic model |
| title |
Minimization of the distribution operating costs with D-STATCOMS: A mixed-integer conic model |
| spellingShingle |
Minimization of the distribution operating costs with D-STATCOMS: A mixed-integer conic model Mixed-integer second-order cone model Multiobjective optimization Global optimum Distribution static synchronous compensator LEMB |
| title_short |
Minimization of the distribution operating costs with D-STATCOMS: A mixed-integer conic model |
| title_full |
Minimization of the distribution operating costs with D-STATCOMS: A mixed-integer conic model |
| title_fullStr |
Minimization of the distribution operating costs with D-STATCOMS: A mixed-integer conic model |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Minimization of the distribution operating costs with D-STATCOMS: A mixed-integer conic model |
| title_sort |
Minimization of the distribution operating costs with D-STATCOMS: A mixed-integer conic model |
| dc.creator.fl_str_mv |
Garcés, Alejandro Gil-González, Walter Montoya Giraldo, Oscar Danilo |
| dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv |
Garcés, Alejandro Gil-González, Walter Montoya Giraldo, Oscar Danilo |
| dc.subject.keywords.spa.fl_str_mv |
Mixed-integer second-order cone model Multiobjective optimization Global optimum Distribution static synchronous compensator |
| topic |
Mixed-integer second-order cone model Multiobjective optimization Global optimum Distribution static synchronous compensator LEMB |
| dc.subject.armarc.none.fl_str_mv |
LEMB |
| description |
This paper addresses the problem of determining the optimal location and operation of distribution static synchronous compensators (D-STATCOMs) in power distribution networks. Metaheuristic algorithms have been conventionally used to solve this mixed-integer nonlinear programming problem. In contrast, we propose a mixed-integer second-order cone programming (MI-SOCP) model that guarantees global optimum and fast convergence of the algorithms in optimization solvers. The model seeks to minimize the annual installation cost and the operating cost, subject to active and reactive power balance constraints, voltage regulation bounds, devices capabilities, and the number of D-STATCOMs available to be connected. The multiobjective nature of the problem is also analyzed and solved using the proposed MI-SOCP model. An extensive set of simulations on the IEEE-33 nodes test system demonstrate the advantages of this approach compared to conventional heuristic algorithms and with solutions given by algebraic modeling software. |
| publishDate |
2022 |
| dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv |
2022-09-23T21:24:27Z |
| dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv |
2022-09-23T21:24:27Z |
| dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv |
2022-07-22 |
| dc.date.submitted.none.fl_str_mv |
2022-09-23 |
| dc.type.spa.fl_str_mv |
Artículo de revista |
| dc.type.driver.spa.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
| dc.type.hasversion.spa.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/restrictedAccess |
| dc.type.coar.spa.fl_str_mv |
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1 |
| format |
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1 |
| dc.identifier.citation.spa.fl_str_mv |
Oscar Danilo Montoya, Alejandro Garces, Walter Gil-González, Minimization of the distribution operating costs with D-STATCOMS: A mixed-integer conic model, Electric Power Systems Research, Volume 212, 2022, 108346, ISSN 0378-7796, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsr.2022.108346. |
| dc.identifier.uri.none.fl_str_mv |
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12585/11115 |
| dc.identifier.instname.spa.fl_str_mv |
Universidad Tecnológica de Bolívar |
| dc.identifier.reponame.spa.fl_str_mv |
Repositorio Universidad Tecnológica de Bolívar |
| identifier_str_mv |
Oscar Danilo Montoya, Alejandro Garces, Walter Gil-González, Minimization of the distribution operating costs with D-STATCOMS: A mixed-integer conic model, Electric Power Systems Research, Volume 212, 2022, 108346, ISSN 0378-7796, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsr.2022.108346. Universidad Tecnológica de Bolívar Repositorio Universidad Tecnológica de Bolívar |
| url |
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12585/11115 |
| dc.language.iso.spa.fl_str_mv |
eng |
| language |
eng |
| dc.rights.coar.fl_str_mv |
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2 |
| dc.rights.uri.*.fl_str_mv |
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ |
| dc.rights.accessrights.spa.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
| dc.rights.cc.*.fl_str_mv |
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internacional |
| rights_invalid_str_mv |
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internacional http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2 |
| eu_rights_str_mv |
openAccess |
| dc.format.extent.none.fl_str_mv |
8 Páginas |
| dc.format.mimetype.spa.fl_str_mv |
application/pdf |
| dc.publisher.place.spa.fl_str_mv |
Cartagena de Indias |
| dc.source.spa.fl_str_mv |
Elsevier - Electric Power Systems Research Vol. 212 (2022) |
| institution |
Universidad Tecnológica de Bolívar |
| bitstream.url.fl_str_mv |
https://repositorio.utb.edu.co/bitstreams/cf798672-6703-4b95-bb7f-9226df555247/download https://repositorio.utb.edu.co/bitstreams/d1acb1d7-7c54-4d22-9073-59d22623061e/download https://repositorio.utb.edu.co/bitstreams/e027a9ef-cb33-4391-a73b-a25dc5587eee/download https://repositorio.utb.edu.co/bitstreams/8250f05f-d5a5-4131-885d-1dedde8687e5/download https://repositorio.utb.edu.co/bitstreams/cb2a6e49-2b6a-4222-a7ff-944b23855f89/download |
| bitstream.checksum.fl_str_mv |
62a505b13774a56472fcf717f36e1a7a 4460e5956bc1d1639be9ae6146a50347 e20ad307a1c5f3f25af9304a7a7c86b6 59e738e35029b5cb14aa8a5c09cbeda9 54da223c5ba0e254148d7f01654266c9 |
| bitstream.checksumAlgorithm.fl_str_mv |
MD5 MD5 MD5 MD5 MD5 |
| repository.name.fl_str_mv |
Repositorio Digital Universidad Tecnológica de Bolívar |
| repository.mail.fl_str_mv |
bdigital@metabiblioteca.com |
| _version_ |
1858228408753848320 |
| spelling |
Garcés, Alejandro1f6fb709-fba4-4fc8-9381-be1f0ca81b82Gil-González, Walter1747fed9-7818-4c10-a283-efb3c73ebb27Montoya Giraldo, Oscar Danilovirtual::6221-12022-09-23T21:24:27Z2022-09-23T21:24:27Z2022-07-222022-09-23Oscar Danilo Montoya, Alejandro Garces, Walter Gil-González, Minimization of the distribution operating costs with D-STATCOMS: A mixed-integer conic model, Electric Power Systems Research, Volume 212, 2022, 108346, ISSN 0378-7796, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsr.2022.108346.https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12585/11115Universidad Tecnológica de BolívarRepositorio Universidad Tecnológica de BolívarThis paper addresses the problem of determining the optimal location and operation of distribution static synchronous compensators (D-STATCOMs) in power distribution networks. Metaheuristic algorithms have been conventionally used to solve this mixed-integer nonlinear programming problem. In contrast, we propose a mixed-integer second-order cone programming (MI-SOCP) model that guarantees global optimum and fast convergence of the algorithms in optimization solvers. The model seeks to minimize the annual installation cost and the operating cost, subject to active and reactive power balance constraints, voltage regulation bounds, devices capabilities, and the number of D-STATCOMs available to be connected. The multiobjective nature of the problem is also analyzed and solved using the proposed MI-SOCP model. An extensive set of simulations on the IEEE-33 nodes test system demonstrate the advantages of this approach compared to conventional heuristic algorithms and with solutions given by algebraic modeling software.8 Páginasapplication/pdfenghttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessAttribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internacionalhttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Elsevier - Electric Power Systems Research Vol. 212 (2022)Minimization of the distribution operating costs with D-STATCOMS: A mixed-integer conic modelArtículo de revistainfo:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/restrictedAccesshttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1Mixed-integer second-order cone modelMultiobjective optimizationGlobal optimumDistribution static synchronous compensatorLEMBCartagena de IndiasArefi A., Olamaei J., Yavartalab A., Keshtkar H. Loss reduction experiences in electric power distribution companies of Iran Energy Procedia, 14 (2012), pp. 1392-1397Montoya O.D., z A.G.-R., Gil-González W., a A.E.-M. Reactive Power Compensation in Distribution Systems: A Formal Approach Based on Mathematical Optimization (In Spanish) (first ed.), Ediciones UTB (2020Valencia A., Hincapie R.A., Gallego R.A. Optimal location, selection, and operation of battery energy storage systems and renewable distributed generation in medium–low voltage distribution networks J. Energy Storage, 34 (2021), Article 102158Yuvaraj T., Ravi K., Devabalaji K. DSTATCOM allocation in distribution networks considering load variations using bat algorithm Ain Shams Eng. J., 8 (3) (2017), pp. 391-403Gupta A.R., Kumar A. Optimal placement of D-STATCOM using sensitivity approaches in mesh distribution system with time variant load models under load growth Ain Shams Eng. J., 9 (4) (2018), pp. 783-799Téllez A.A., López G., Isaac I., González J. Optimal reactive power compensation in electrical distribution systems with distributed resources. Review Heliyon, 4 (8) (2018), Article e00746Tejaswini V., Susitra D. Optimal location and compensation using D-STATCOM: A hybrid hunting algorithm J. Control Autom. Electr. Syst., 32 (4) (2021), pp. 1002-1023Aziz T., Mhaskar U.P., Saha T.K., Mithulananthan N. An index for STATCOM placement to facilitate grid integration of DER IEEE Trans. Sustain. Energy, 4 (2) (2013), pp. 451-460Montoya O.D., Chamorro H.R., Alvarado-Barrios L., Gil-González W., Orozco-Henao C. Genetic-convex model for dynamic reactive power compensation in distribution networks using D-STATCOMs Appl. Sci., 11 (8) (2021), p. 3353Montoya O.D., Alvarado-Barrios L., Hernández J.C. An approximate mixed-integer convex model to reduce annual operating costs in radial distribution networks using STATCOMs Electronics, 10 (24) (2021), p. 3102Fernández G., Martínez A., Galán N., Ballestín-Fuertes J., Muñoz-Cruzado-Alba J., López P., Stukelj S., Daridou E., Rezzonico A., Ioannidis D. Optimal D-STATCOM placement tool for low voltage grids Energies, 14 (14) (2021), p. 4212Tuzikova V., Tlusty J., Muller Z. A novel power losses reduction method based on a particle swarm optimization algorithm using STATCOM Energies, 11 (10) (2018), p. 2851Sirjani R. Optimal placement and sizing of PV-STATCOM in power systems using empirical data and adaptive particle swarm optimization Sustainability, 10 (3) (2018), p. 727Sirjani R., Rezaee Jordehi A. Optimal placement and sizing of distribution static compensator (d-STATCOM) in electric distribution networks: A review Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev., 77 (2017), pp. 688-694Montoya O.D., Gil-González W., Hernández J.C. Efficient operative cost reduction in distribution grids considering the optimal placement and sizing of D-STATCOMs using a discrete-continuous VSA Appl. Sci., 11 (5) (2021), p. 2175Marler R.T., Arora J.S. The weighted sum method for multi-objective optimization: new insights Struct. Multidiscip. Optim., 41 (6) (2009), pp. 853-862Battistelli C., Monti A. Dynamics of modern power systems Converter-Based Dynamics and Control of Modern Power Systems, Elsevier (2021), pp. 91-124Garces A. Convex Optimization: Applications in Operation and Dynamics of Power Systems (in Spanish) (First), Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira (2020) URL http://repositorio.utp.edu.co/dspace/handle/11059/13124Cai L., Erlich I., Stamtsis G. Optimal choice and allocation of FACTS devices in deregulated electricity market using genetic algorithms IEEE PES Power Systems Conference and Exposition, 2004, IEEE (2004)Sharma A.K., Saxena A., Tiwari R. Optimal placement of SVC incorporating installation cost Int. J. Hybrid Inf. Technol., 9 (8) (2016), pp. 289-302Zohrizadeh F., Josz C., Jin M., Madani R., Lavaei J., Sojoudi S. A survey on conic relaxations of optimal power flow problem European J. Oper. Res., 287 (2) (2020), pp. 391-409Lavaei J., Tse D., Zhang B. Geometry of power flows and optimization in distribution networks IEEE Trans. Power Syst., 29 (2) (2014), pp. 572-583Kaur S., Kumbhar G., Sharma J. A MINLP technique for optimal placement of multiple DG units in distribution systems Int. J. Electr. Power Energy Syst., 63 (2014), pp. 609-617 URL https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S014206151400372XMarjani S.R., Talavat V., Galvani S. Optimal allocation of D-STATCOM and reconfiguration in radial distribution network using MOPSO algorithm in TOPSIS framework Int. Trans. Electr. Energy Syst., 29 (2) (2018), Article e2723Grant M., Boyd S. Graph implementations for nonsmooth convex programs Blondel V., Boyd S., Kimura H. (Eds.), Recent Advances in Learning and Control, Lecture Notes in Control and Information Sciences, Springer-Verlag Limited (2008), pp. 95-110Gurobi Optimization L. Gurobi optimizer reference manual (2022) URL https://www.gurobi.comGunantara N. A review of multi-objective optimization: Methods and its applications Ai Q. (Ed.), Cogent Eng., 5 (1) (2018), Article 1502242http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1Publicationd9da408b-34a8-4c9e-8469-43239d9d590bvirtual::6221-1d9da408b-34a8-4c9e-8469-43239d9d590bvirtual::6221-1ORIGINAL1-s2.0-S037877962200520X-main.pdf1-s2.0-S037877962200520X-main.pdfapplication/pdf706808https://repositorio.utb.edu.co/bitstreams/cf798672-6703-4b95-bb7f-9226df555247/download62a505b13774a56472fcf717f36e1a7aMD51trueAnonymousREADCC-LICENSElicense_rdflicense_rdfapplication/rdf+xml; charset=utf-8805https://repositorio.utb.edu.co/bitstreams/d1acb1d7-7c54-4d22-9073-59d22623061e/download4460e5956bc1d1639be9ae6146a50347MD52falseAnonymousREADLICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-83182https://repositorio.utb.edu.co/bitstreams/e027a9ef-cb33-4391-a73b-a25dc5587eee/downloade20ad307a1c5f3f25af9304a7a7c86b6MD53falseAnonymousREADTEXT1-s2.0-S037877962200520X-main.pdf.txt1-s2.0-S037877962200520X-main.pdf.txtExtracted texttext/plain40404https://repositorio.utb.edu.co/bitstreams/8250f05f-d5a5-4131-885d-1dedde8687e5/download59e738e35029b5cb14aa8a5c09cbeda9MD54falseAnonymousREADTHUMBNAIL1-s2.0-S037877962200520X-main.pdf.jpg1-s2.0-S037877962200520X-main.pdf.jpgGenerated Thumbnailimage/jpeg2781https://repositorio.utb.edu.co/bitstreams/cb2a6e49-2b6a-4222-a7ff-944b23855f89/download54da223c5ba0e254148d7f01654266c9MD55falseAnonymousREAD20.500.12585/11115oai:repositorio.utb.edu.co:20.500.12585/111152025-06-27 14:57:51.222http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/open.accesshttps://repositorio.utb.edu.coRepositorio Digital Universidad Tecnológica de Bolívarbdigital@metabiblioteca.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 |