The rider behavior questionnaire to explore associations of motorcycle taxi crashes in Cartagena (Colombia)
This study aimed to identify the association between behavioral factors and crashes of motorcycle taxi riders using the Motorcycle Rider Behavior Questionnaire (MRBQ). Methods: This study was a cross-sectional survey of motorcycle taxi riders in Cartagena. The MRBQ was adapted to the socio-cultural...
- Autores:
-
Ospina-Mateus, Holman
Quintana Jiménez, Leonardo
López-Valdés, Francisco J.
- Tipo de recurso:
- Fecha de publicación:
- 2021
- Institución:
- Universidad Tecnológica de Bolívar
- Repositorio:
- Repositorio Institucional UTB
- Idioma:
- eng
- OAI Identifier:
- oai:repositorio.utb.edu.co:20.500.12585/12290
- Acceso en línea:
- https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12585/12290
- Palabra clave:
- Behavior
Crash
Motorcycle
Motorcycle Rider Behavior Questionnaire (MRBQ)
Motorcycle taxi riders
- Rights
- openAccess
- License
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
| id |
UTB2_9e9401db9149ffd15ceb6e4d342c6303 |
|---|---|
| oai_identifier_str |
oai:repositorio.utb.edu.co:20.500.12585/12290 |
| network_acronym_str |
UTB2 |
| network_name_str |
Repositorio Institucional UTB |
| repository_id_str |
|
| dc.title.spa.fl_str_mv |
The rider behavior questionnaire to explore associations of motorcycle taxi crashes in Cartagena (Colombia) |
| title |
The rider behavior questionnaire to explore associations of motorcycle taxi crashes in Cartagena (Colombia) |
| spellingShingle |
The rider behavior questionnaire to explore associations of motorcycle taxi crashes in Cartagena (Colombia) Behavior Crash Motorcycle Motorcycle Rider Behavior Questionnaire (MRBQ) Motorcycle taxi riders |
| title_short |
The rider behavior questionnaire to explore associations of motorcycle taxi crashes in Cartagena (Colombia) |
| title_full |
The rider behavior questionnaire to explore associations of motorcycle taxi crashes in Cartagena (Colombia) |
| title_fullStr |
The rider behavior questionnaire to explore associations of motorcycle taxi crashes in Cartagena (Colombia) |
| title_full_unstemmed |
The rider behavior questionnaire to explore associations of motorcycle taxi crashes in Cartagena (Colombia) |
| title_sort |
The rider behavior questionnaire to explore associations of motorcycle taxi crashes in Cartagena (Colombia) |
| dc.creator.fl_str_mv |
Ospina-Mateus, Holman Quintana Jiménez, Leonardo López-Valdés, Francisco J. |
| dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv |
Ospina-Mateus, Holman Quintana Jiménez, Leonardo López-Valdés, Francisco J. |
| dc.subject.keywords.spa.fl_str_mv |
Behavior Crash Motorcycle Motorcycle Rider Behavior Questionnaire (MRBQ) Motorcycle taxi riders |
| topic |
Behavior Crash Motorcycle Motorcycle Rider Behavior Questionnaire (MRBQ) Motorcycle taxi riders |
| description |
This study aimed to identify the association between behavioral factors and crashes of motorcycle taxi riders using the Motorcycle Rider Behavior Questionnaire (MRBQ). Methods: This study was a cross-sectional survey of motorcycle taxi riders in Cartagena. The MRBQ was adapted to the socio-cultural context and contained 45 items. The survey was conducted between February 2019 and May 2019. The items of the MRBQ were processed using factor analysis. Four logistic regression models were used to analyze the association between behavioral factors and aspects of demographics, operating conditions, and experiencing near-crashes, crashes, traffic tickets, and at-fault crashes. Results: Four hundred and thirty-eight motorcyclists participated. The exploratory factor analysis extracted five elements: stunts, speed violations, traffic errors, control errors, and safety, explaining 42% of the variance. The increase in riding per week showed significant differences with stunts, speed violations, and traffic errors. Riding experiences, traffic errors, control errors, and safety were significantly associated with crashes and near-crashes. Stunts were the strongest factors related to traffic tickets. Speed violations were the strongest factors associated with at-fault accidents. Conclusions: The study showed recent results considering behavioral, exposure, and operational conditions in a group of motorcycle taxi riders. The study recommends some practical implications for the well-being of motorcyclists and road safety. |
| publishDate |
2021 |
| dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv |
2021-09-08 |
| dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv |
2023-07-21T15:49:43Z |
| dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv |
2023-07-21T15:49:43Z |
| dc.date.submitted.none.fl_str_mv |
2023-07 |
| dc.type.coarversion.fl_str_mv |
http://purl.org/coar/version/c_b1a7d7d4d402bcce |
| dc.type.coar.fl_str_mv |
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1 |
| dc.type.driver.spa.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
| dc.type.hasversion.spa.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/draft |
| dc.type.spa.spa.fl_str_mv |
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501 |
| status_str |
draft |
| dc.identifier.citation.spa.fl_str_mv |
Ospina-Mateus, H., Jiménez, L.Q. , López-Valdés, F.J. The rider behavior questionnaire to explore associations of motorcycle taxi crashes in Cartagena (Colombia) (2021) Traffic Injury Prevention, 22 (S1), pp. S99-S103. DOI: 10.1080/15389588.2021.1970749 |
| dc.identifier.uri.none.fl_str_mv |
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12585/12290 |
| dc.identifier.doi.none.fl_str_mv |
10.1080/15389588.2021.1970749 |
| dc.identifier.instname.spa.fl_str_mv |
Universidad Tecnológica de Bolívar |
| dc.identifier.reponame.spa.fl_str_mv |
Repositorio Universidad Tecnológica de Bolívar |
| identifier_str_mv |
Ospina-Mateus, H., Jiménez, L.Q. , López-Valdés, F.J. The rider behavior questionnaire to explore associations of motorcycle taxi crashes in Cartagena (Colombia) (2021) Traffic Injury Prevention, 22 (S1), pp. S99-S103. DOI: 10.1080/15389588.2021.1970749 10.1080/15389588.2021.1970749 Universidad Tecnológica de Bolívar Repositorio Universidad Tecnológica de Bolívar |
| url |
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12585/12290 |
| dc.language.iso.spa.fl_str_mv |
eng |
| language |
eng |
| dc.rights.coar.fl_str_mv |
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2 |
| dc.rights.uri.*.fl_str_mv |
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ |
| dc.rights.accessrights.spa.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
| dc.rights.cc.*.fl_str_mv |
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internacional |
| rights_invalid_str_mv |
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internacional http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2 |
| eu_rights_str_mv |
openAccess |
| dc.format.extent.none.fl_str_mv |
5 páginas |
| dc.format.medium.none.fl_str_mv |
Pdf |
| dc.format.mimetype.spa.fl_str_mv |
application/pdf |
| dc.publisher.place.spa.fl_str_mv |
Cartagena de Indias |
| dc.publisher.sede.spa.fl_str_mv |
Campus Tecnológico |
| dc.source.spa.fl_str_mv |
Traffic Injury Prevention - Vol. 22 No. 1 (2021) |
| institution |
Universidad Tecnológica de Bolívar |
| bitstream.url.fl_str_mv |
https://repositorio.utb.edu.co/bitstream/20.500.12585/12290/3/license.txt https://repositorio.utb.edu.co/bitstream/20.500.12585/12290/1/The%20rider%20behavior%20questionnaire.pdf https://repositorio.utb.edu.co/bitstream/20.500.12585/12290/2/license_rdf https://repositorio.utb.edu.co/bitstream/20.500.12585/12290/4/The%20rider%20behavior%20questionnaire.pdf.txt https://repositorio.utb.edu.co/bitstream/20.500.12585/12290/5/The%20rider%20behavior%20questionnaire.pdf.jpg |
| bitstream.checksum.fl_str_mv |
e20ad307a1c5f3f25af9304a7a7c86b6 fb049239690a9c987cd39aa095013ccb 4460e5956bc1d1639be9ae6146a50347 d8e66e3e79f8b33c2eda5a67472c2f62 e4fd9c535433b64f7a4d54896006fdcc |
| bitstream.checksumAlgorithm.fl_str_mv |
MD5 MD5 MD5 MD5 MD5 |
| repository.name.fl_str_mv |
Repositorio Institucional UTB |
| repository.mail.fl_str_mv |
repositorioutb@utb.edu.co |
| _version_ |
1814021789929439232 |
| spelling |
Ospina-Mateus, Holman175019f3-96bf-4b48-b2a3-88f94192664bQuintana Jiménez, Leonardo43f3432b-6110-4b09-9bb6-79249d9c67cdLópez-Valdés, Francisco J.12719623-3e62-4c09-8577-0c54b2282bb32023-07-21T15:49:43Z2023-07-21T15:49:43Z2021-09-082023-07Ospina-Mateus, H., Jiménez, L.Q. , López-Valdés, F.J. The rider behavior questionnaire to explore associations of motorcycle taxi crashes in Cartagena (Colombia) (2021) Traffic Injury Prevention, 22 (S1), pp. S99-S103. DOI: 10.1080/15389588.2021.1970749https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12585/1229010.1080/15389588.2021.1970749Universidad Tecnológica de BolívarRepositorio Universidad Tecnológica de BolívarThis study aimed to identify the association between behavioral factors and crashes of motorcycle taxi riders using the Motorcycle Rider Behavior Questionnaire (MRBQ). Methods: This study was a cross-sectional survey of motorcycle taxi riders in Cartagena. The MRBQ was adapted to the socio-cultural context and contained 45 items. The survey was conducted between February 2019 and May 2019. The items of the MRBQ were processed using factor analysis. Four logistic regression models were used to analyze the association between behavioral factors and aspects of demographics, operating conditions, and experiencing near-crashes, crashes, traffic tickets, and at-fault crashes. Results: Four hundred and thirty-eight motorcyclists participated. The exploratory factor analysis extracted five elements: stunts, speed violations, traffic errors, control errors, and safety, explaining 42% of the variance. The increase in riding per week showed significant differences with stunts, speed violations, and traffic errors. Riding experiences, traffic errors, control errors, and safety were significantly associated with crashes and near-crashes. Stunts were the strongest factors related to traffic tickets. Speed violations were the strongest factors associated with at-fault accidents. Conclusions: The study showed recent results considering behavioral, exposure, and operational conditions in a group of motorcycle taxi riders. The study recommends some practical implications for the well-being of motorcyclists and road safety.5 páginasPdfapplication/pdfenghttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessAttribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internacionalhttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Traffic Injury Prevention - Vol. 22 No. 1 (2021)The rider behavior questionnaire to explore associations of motorcycle taxi crashes in Cartagena (Colombia)info:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/drafthttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501http://purl.org/coar/version/c_b1a7d7d4d402bccehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1BehaviorCrashMotorcycleMotorcycle Rider Behavior Questionnaire (MRBQ)Motorcycle taxi ridersCartagena de IndiasCampus TecnológicoBerrones-Sanz LD. 2018. The working conditions of motorcycle taxi drivers in Tláhuac, Mexico City. J Transp Health. 8:73–80. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jth.2017.04.008 [Crossref], [Web of ScienceCheng AS-K, Ng TC-K. 2010. Development of a Chinese motorcycle rider driving violation questionnaire. Accid Anal Prev. 42(4):1250–1256. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2010.01.018 [Crossref], [PubMed], [Web of Science ®],Elliott MA, Baughan CJ, Sexton BF. 2007. Errors and violations in relation to motorcyclists’ crash risk. Accid Anal Prev. 39(3):491–499. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2006.08.012 [Crossref], [PubMed], [Web of Science ®Gutierrez MI, Mohan D. 2020. Safety of motorized two-wheeler riders in the formal and informal transport sector. Int J Inj Contr Saf Promot. 27(1):51–60. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/17457300.2019.1708408Hosseinpourfeizi H, Sadeghi-Bazargani H, Hassanzadeh K, Salarilak S, Abedi L, Behzad Basirat S, Mashhadi Abdolahi H, Khorasani-Zavareh D. 2018. The short Persian version of motorcycle riding behavior questionnaire and its interchangeability with the full version. PloS One. 13(8):e0201946. doi:https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0201946Motevalian SA, Asadi-Lari M, Rahimi H, Eftekhar M. 2011. Validation of a Persian version of motorcycle rider behavior questionnaire. Ann Adv Automot Med. 2011;55:91–98.Nguyen-Phuoc DQ, Nguyen HA, De Gruyter C, Su DN, Nguyen VH. 2019. Exploring the prevalence and factors associated with self-reported traffic crashes among app-based motorcycle taxis in Vietnam. Transp Policy. 81:68–74. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tranpol.2019.06.006Nguyen-Phuoc DQ, Oviedo-Trespalacios O, Nguyen T, Su DN. 2020. The effects of unhealthy lifestyle behaviours on risky riding behaviours–A study on app-based motorcycle taxi riders in Vietnam. J Transp Health. 16:100666. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jth.2019.100666ONSV. 2012-2019. National Road safety observatory. National automotive registry and traffic accidents register https://ansv.gov.co/observatorio/?op=Contenidos&sec=64.Ospina-Mateus H, Quintana Jiménez LA, Lopez-Valdes FJ. 2020. Understanding motorcyclist-related accidents in Colombia. Int J Inj Contr Saf Promot. 27(2):215–231. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/17457300.2020.1725895Ospina-Mateus H, Quintana Jiménez LA, Lopez-Valdes FJ, Sana SS. 2021. Prediction of motorcyclist traffic crashes in Cartagena (Colombia): development of a safety performance function. Rairo-Oper Res. 55(3):1257–1278. doi:https://doi.org/10.1051/ro/2021055Oviedo-Trespalacios O, Scott-Parker B. 2017. Transcultural validation and reliability of the Spanish version of the behaviour of young novice drivers scale (BYNDS) in a Colombian young driver population. Transp Res Part F Traffic Psychol Behav. 49:188–204.Özkan T, Lajunen T, Doğruyol B, Yıldırım Z, Çoymak A. 2012. Motorcycle accidents, rider behaviour, and psychological models. Accid Anal Prev. 49:124–132. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2011.03.009Reason J, Manstead A, Stradling S, Baxter J, Campbell K. 1990. Errors and violations on the roads: a real distinction? Ergonomics. 33(10–11):1315–1332. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/00140139008925335.usli R, Oviedo-Trespalacios O, Abd Salam SA. 2020. Risky riding behaviours among motorcyclists in Malaysia: A roadside survey. Transp Res Part F Traffic Psychol Behav. 74:446–457. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trf.2020.08.031Sakashita C, Senserrick T, Lo S, Boufous S, de Rome L, Ivers R. 2014. The Motorcycle Rider Behavior Questionnaire: Psychometric properties and application amongst novice riders in Australia. Transp Res Part F Traffic Psychol Behav. 22:126–139. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trf.2013.10.005Stephens A, Brown J, De Rome L, Baldock M, Fernandes R, Fitzharris M. 2017. The relationship between Motorcycle Rider Behaviour Questionnaire scores and crashes for riders in Australia. Accid Anal Prev. 102:202–212. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2017.03.007Sunday OK, Akintola L. 2011. The Motorcycle Rider Behaviour Questionnaire (MRBQ) and commercial motorcycle riders in Nigeria. Driver Behav Train. 4:193–209.Theofilatos A, Yannis G. 2015. A review of powered-two-wheeler behaviour and safety. Int J Inj Contr Saf Promot. 22(4):284–307. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/17457300.2014.908224Truong LT, Nguyen HTT. 2019. Mobile phone related crashes among motorcycle taxi drivers. Accid Anal Prev. 132:105288. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2019.105288Truong LT, Nguyen HTT, De Gruyter C. 2018. Correlations between mobile phone use and other risky behaviours while riding a motorcycle. Accid Anal Prev. 118:125–130. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2018.06.015Truong LT, Nguyen HT, Tay R. 2020. A random parameter logistic model of fatigue-related motorcycle crash involvement in Hanoi, Vietnam. Accid Anal Prev. 144:105627. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2020.105627WHO. 2018. Global status report on road safety 2018. https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/276462/9789241565684-eng.pdf?ua=1.Wu CYH, Loo BPY. 2016. Motorcycle safety among motorcycle taxi drivers and nonoccupational motorcyclists in developing countries: A case study of Maoming, South China. Article. Traffic Inj Prev. 17(2):170–175. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/15389588.2015.1048336Xie C-q, Parker D. 2002. A social psychological approach to driving violations in two Chinese cities. Transp Res Part F Traffic Psychol Behav. 5(4):293–308.http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501LICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-83182https://repositorio.utb.edu.co/bitstream/20.500.12585/12290/3/license.txte20ad307a1c5f3f25af9304a7a7c86b6MD53ORIGINALThe rider behavior questionnaire.pdfThe rider behavior questionnaire.pdfapplication/pdf142482https://repositorio.utb.edu.co/bitstream/20.500.12585/12290/1/The%20rider%20behavior%20questionnaire.pdffb049239690a9c987cd39aa095013ccbMD51CC-LICENSElicense_rdflicense_rdfapplication/rdf+xml; charset=utf-8805https://repositorio.utb.edu.co/bitstream/20.500.12585/12290/2/license_rdf4460e5956bc1d1639be9ae6146a50347MD52TEXTThe rider behavior questionnaire.pdf.txtThe rider behavior questionnaire.pdf.txtExtracted texttext/plain7347https://repositorio.utb.edu.co/bitstream/20.500.12585/12290/4/The%20rider%20behavior%20questionnaire.pdf.txtd8e66e3e79f8b33c2eda5a67472c2f62MD54THUMBNAILThe rider behavior questionnaire.pdf.jpgThe rider behavior questionnaire.pdf.jpgGenerated Thumbnailimage/jpeg8527https://repositorio.utb.edu.co/bitstream/20.500.12585/12290/5/The%20rider%20behavior%20questionnaire.pdf.jpge4fd9c535433b64f7a4d54896006fdccMD5520.500.12585/12290oai:repositorio.utb.edu.co:20.500.12585/122902023-07-22 00:17:56.9Repositorio Institucional UTBrepositorioutb@utb.edu.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 |