Analyzing traffic conflicts and the behavior of motorcyclists at unsignalized three-legged and four-legged intersections in Cartagena, Colombia
Introduction: The global motorcycle market has grown significantly, with over 770 million vehicles estimated to be in use worldwide. Motorcycle-related road traffic deaths in low and middle-income countries (LMICs) like Colombia are concerning, comprising 30% of all reported fatalities. Cartagena ha...
- Autores:
-
Ospina Mateus, Holman
Quintana Jimenez, Leonardo
Lopez Valdes, Francisco J.
- Tipo de recurso:
- Fecha de publicación:
- 2023
- Institución:
- Universidad Tecnológica de Bolívar
- Repositorio:
- Repositorio Institucional UTB
- Idioma:
- eng
- OAI Identifier:
- oai:repositorio.utb.edu.co:20.500.12585/12447
- Acceso en línea:
- https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12585/12447
- Palabra clave:
- Motorcyclist
Powered two-wheelers
Traffic Behavior
Traffic Conflicts
Observational Study
Vulnerable Road Users
Road Safety
LEMB
- Rights
- restrictedAccess
- License
- http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_16ec
id |
UTB2_8108f7ff218600a19456fdd638bc3a77 |
---|---|
oai_identifier_str |
oai:repositorio.utb.edu.co:20.500.12585/12447 |
network_acronym_str |
UTB2 |
network_name_str |
Repositorio Institucional UTB |
repository_id_str |
|
dc.title.spa.fl_str_mv |
Analyzing traffic conflicts and the behavior of motorcyclists at unsignalized three-legged and four-legged intersections in Cartagena, Colombia |
title |
Analyzing traffic conflicts and the behavior of motorcyclists at unsignalized three-legged and four-legged intersections in Cartagena, Colombia |
spellingShingle |
Analyzing traffic conflicts and the behavior of motorcyclists at unsignalized three-legged and four-legged intersections in Cartagena, Colombia Motorcyclist Powered two-wheelers Traffic Behavior Traffic Conflicts Observational Study Vulnerable Road Users Road Safety LEMB |
title_short |
Analyzing traffic conflicts and the behavior of motorcyclists at unsignalized three-legged and four-legged intersections in Cartagena, Colombia |
title_full |
Analyzing traffic conflicts and the behavior of motorcyclists at unsignalized three-legged and four-legged intersections in Cartagena, Colombia |
title_fullStr |
Analyzing traffic conflicts and the behavior of motorcyclists at unsignalized three-legged and four-legged intersections in Cartagena, Colombia |
title_full_unstemmed |
Analyzing traffic conflicts and the behavior of motorcyclists at unsignalized three-legged and four-legged intersections in Cartagena, Colombia |
title_sort |
Analyzing traffic conflicts and the behavior of motorcyclists at unsignalized three-legged and four-legged intersections in Cartagena, Colombia |
dc.creator.fl_str_mv |
Ospina Mateus, Holman Quintana Jimenez, Leonardo Lopez Valdes, Francisco J. |
dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv |
Ospina Mateus, Holman Quintana Jimenez, Leonardo Lopez Valdes, Francisco J. |
dc.subject.keywords.spa.fl_str_mv |
Motorcyclist Powered two-wheelers Traffic Behavior Traffic Conflicts Observational Study Vulnerable Road Users Road Safety |
topic |
Motorcyclist Powered two-wheelers Traffic Behavior Traffic Conflicts Observational Study Vulnerable Road Users Road Safety LEMB |
dc.subject.armarc.none.fl_str_mv |
LEMB |
description |
Introduction: The global motorcycle market has grown significantly, with over 770 million vehicles estimated to be in use worldwide. Motorcycle-related road traffic deaths in low and middle-income countries (LMICs) like Colombia are concerning, comprising 30% of all reported fatalities. Cartagena has an average of 70 motorcycle-related deaths annually between 2019 and 2022, making it a high-risk area for motorcyclists. Objective: The study aimed to identify factors associated with motorcyclist safety at unsignalized three-legged and four-legged intersections in Cartagena by observing the behavior of the motorcyclists and the analysis of the potential traffic conflicts. The observational analysis focused on the access of motorcyclists from a secondary road to a main road since it is the behavior offered by the most significant road interaction and the potential risk of traffic conflicts due to crossing. Methods: The observational process was consolidated at ten three-legged intersections and seven four-legged intersections. Thirty-six hours of videos were collected considering different time slots and weekdays randomly distributed during September 2019 and March 2020. The selection of the intersections included different vehicular flows and road safety conditions. The variables considered in the study were: interaction with other road users, motorcyclist behavior, vehicle handling, potential distractors, and safety elements. The study used the Swedish Traffic Conflict Technique to analyze conflict analysis, incorporating the Post Encroachment Time (PET) measurement. The analysis was developed with descriptive and inferential statistical techniques. The collected variables were analyzed individually (frequency analysis), and contrasts were conducted with the PET values. The study evaluated associations between motorcycles and other motorized road actors at intersections about behaviors and crossroads. Results: In the Records, 10,281 motorcycle accesses at three and four-Legged Intersections were interactions with other road users, where 2417 and 1903 resulted in potential traffic conflicts, respectively. Average potential conflicts per hour were 115 and 127 at three and four-legged intersections. At the two intersections, the average PET values in motorcycles were between 2.09 and 2.10 seconds, while in the other motorized road users, it averaged around 2.67 to 2.71 seconds. In the road conditions, it was identified that intersections with a traffic flow of less than 10,000 vehicles/day and poor visibility to the left of the intersection lead to more unsafe conditions for motorcyclists. Motorcycle taxi drivers were the user group most frequently involved in traffic conflicts. Actions on the part of motorcyclists, such as risky behaviors, not using helmets, not using turn signals, and not waiting patiently for access, showed a relationship with the potential for traffic conflicts. Finally, turns to the left, particularly the indirect turn to the left on the opposite road, showed a greater risk of traffic conflicts. Conclusions: The study found that motorcycles exhibit more severe traffic conflicts than motorized vehicles at intersections. Infrastructure conditions significantly impact the risk of intersection conflicts. Individual behaviors such as not stopping at intersections and driving recklessly increased the risk of traffic conflicts. The study recommends improving infrastructure such as visibility and signaling and implementing separators to reduce travel speed and traffic conflicts for motorcycles. |
publishDate |
2023 |
dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv |
2023-08-10T18:51:53Z |
dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv |
2023-08-10T18:51:53Z |
dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv |
2023-07-14 |
dc.date.submitted.none.fl_str_mv |
2023-08-10 |
dc.type.coarversion.fl_str_mv |
http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85 |
dc.type.driver.spa.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
dc.type.hasversion.spa.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
dc.type.spa.spa.fl_str_mv |
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1 |
status_str |
publishedVersion |
dc.identifier.citation.spa.fl_str_mv |
APA: Ospina-Mateus, H., Jiménez, L. Q., & López-Valdés, F. J. (2023). Analyzing traffic conflicts and the behavior of motorcyclists at unsignalized three-legged and four-legged intersections in Cartagena, Colombia. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 191, 107222.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2023.107222. (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0001457523002695) |
dc.identifier.uri.none.fl_str_mv |
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12585/12447 |
dc.identifier.doi.none.fl_str_mv |
10.1016/j.aap.2023.107222. |
dc.identifier.instname.spa.fl_str_mv |
Universidad Tecnológica de Bolívar |
dc.identifier.reponame.spa.fl_str_mv |
Repositorio Universidad Tecnológica de Bolívar |
identifier_str_mv |
APA: Ospina-Mateus, H., Jiménez, L. Q., & López-Valdés, F. J. (2023). Analyzing traffic conflicts and the behavior of motorcyclists at unsignalized three-legged and four-legged intersections in Cartagena, Colombia. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 191, 107222.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2023.107222. (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0001457523002695) 10.1016/j.aap.2023.107222. Universidad Tecnológica de Bolívar Repositorio Universidad Tecnológica de Bolívar |
url |
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12585/12447 |
dc.language.iso.spa.fl_str_mv |
eng |
language |
eng |
dc.rights.coar.fl_str_mv |
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_16ec |
dc.rights.accessrights.spa.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/restrictedAccess |
eu_rights_str_mv |
restrictedAccess |
rights_invalid_str_mv |
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_16ec |
dc.format.extent.none.fl_str_mv |
14 páginas |
dc.format.mimetype.spa.fl_str_mv |
application/pdf |
dc.coverage.spatial.none.fl_str_mv |
Colombia, Bolivar (cartagena) |
dc.publisher.place.spa.fl_str_mv |
Cartagena de Indias |
dc.publisher.sede.spa.fl_str_mv |
Campus Tecnológico |
dc.publisher.discipline.spa.fl_str_mv |
Ingeniería Industrial |
dc.source.spa.fl_str_mv |
Accident Analysis and Prevention |
institution |
Universidad Tecnológica de Bolívar |
bitstream.url.fl_str_mv |
https://repositorio.utb.edu.co/bitstream/20.500.12585/12447/1/Analyzing%20Traffic%20Conflicts%20and%20the%20behavior%20of%20motorcyclists%20at%20Unsig.pdf https://repositorio.utb.edu.co/bitstream/20.500.12585/12447/2/license.txt https://repositorio.utb.edu.co/bitstream/20.500.12585/12447/3/Analyzing%20Traffic%20Conflicts%20and%20the%20behavior%20of%20motorcyclists%20at%20Unsig.pdf.txt https://repositorio.utb.edu.co/bitstream/20.500.12585/12447/4/Analyzing%20Traffic%20Conflicts%20and%20the%20behavior%20of%20motorcyclists%20at%20Unsig.pdf.jpg |
bitstream.checksum.fl_str_mv |
7b2cbd91c2eb16b4282558dbe4eac14e e20ad307a1c5f3f25af9304a7a7c86b6 44e2cf124d13831423a24df3bf783235 82cbf278d14a8328aeabdb2a9907e734 |
bitstream.checksumAlgorithm.fl_str_mv |
MD5 MD5 MD5 MD5 |
repository.name.fl_str_mv |
Repositorio Institucional UTB |
repository.mail.fl_str_mv |
repositorioutb@utb.edu.co |
_version_ |
1814021685143142400 |
spelling |
Ospina Mateus, Holman175019f3-96bf-4b48-b2a3-88f94192664bQuintana Jimenez, Leonardo7b85dfbe-d700-457f-a814-09cf0ab19e56Lopez Valdes, Francisco J.5a4268e2-55b2-412f-814e-1a12bd7d3511Colombia, Bolivar (cartagena)2023-08-10T18:51:53Z2023-08-10T18:51:53Z2023-07-142023-08-10APA: Ospina-Mateus, H., Jiménez, L. Q., & López-Valdés, F. J. (2023). Analyzing traffic conflicts and the behavior of motorcyclists at unsignalized three-legged and four-legged intersections in Cartagena, Colombia. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 191, 107222.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2023.107222. (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0001457523002695)https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12585/1244710.1016/j.aap.2023.107222.Universidad Tecnológica de BolívarRepositorio Universidad Tecnológica de BolívarIntroduction: The global motorcycle market has grown significantly, with over 770 million vehicles estimated to be in use worldwide. Motorcycle-related road traffic deaths in low and middle-income countries (LMICs) like Colombia are concerning, comprising 30% of all reported fatalities. Cartagena has an average of 70 motorcycle-related deaths annually between 2019 and 2022, making it a high-risk area for motorcyclists. Objective: The study aimed to identify factors associated with motorcyclist safety at unsignalized three-legged and four-legged intersections in Cartagena by observing the behavior of the motorcyclists and the analysis of the potential traffic conflicts. The observational analysis focused on the access of motorcyclists from a secondary road to a main road since it is the behavior offered by the most significant road interaction and the potential risk of traffic conflicts due to crossing. Methods: The observational process was consolidated at ten three-legged intersections and seven four-legged intersections. Thirty-six hours of videos were collected considering different time slots and weekdays randomly distributed during September 2019 and March 2020. The selection of the intersections included different vehicular flows and road safety conditions. The variables considered in the study were: interaction with other road users, motorcyclist behavior, vehicle handling, potential distractors, and safety elements. The study used the Swedish Traffic Conflict Technique to analyze conflict analysis, incorporating the Post Encroachment Time (PET) measurement. The analysis was developed with descriptive and inferential statistical techniques. The collected variables were analyzed individually (frequency analysis), and contrasts were conducted with the PET values. The study evaluated associations between motorcycles and other motorized road actors at intersections about behaviors and crossroads. Results: In the Records, 10,281 motorcycle accesses at three and four-Legged Intersections were interactions with other road users, where 2417 and 1903 resulted in potential traffic conflicts, respectively. Average potential conflicts per hour were 115 and 127 at three and four-legged intersections. At the two intersections, the average PET values in motorcycles were between 2.09 and 2.10 seconds, while in the other motorized road users, it averaged around 2.67 to 2.71 seconds. In the road conditions, it was identified that intersections with a traffic flow of less than 10,000 vehicles/day and poor visibility to the left of the intersection lead to more unsafe conditions for motorcyclists. Motorcycle taxi drivers were the user group most frequently involved in traffic conflicts. Actions on the part of motorcyclists, such as risky behaviors, not using helmets, not using turn signals, and not waiting patiently for access, showed a relationship with the potential for traffic conflicts. Finally, turns to the left, particularly the indirect turn to the left on the opposite road, showed a greater risk of traffic conflicts. Conclusions: The study found that motorcycles exhibit more severe traffic conflicts than motorized vehicles at intersections. Infrastructure conditions significantly impact the risk of intersection conflicts. Individual behaviors such as not stopping at intersections and driving recklessly increased the risk of traffic conflicts. The study recommends improving infrastructure such as visibility and signaling and implementing separators to reduce travel speed and traffic conflicts for motorcycles.N/A14 páginasapplication/pdfengAccident Analysis and PreventionAnalyzing traffic conflicts and the behavior of motorcyclists at unsignalized three-legged and four-legged intersections in Cartagena, Colombiainfo:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85MotorcyclistPowered two-wheelersTraffic BehaviorTraffic ConflictsObservational StudyVulnerable Road UsersRoad SafetyLEMBinfo:eu-repo/semantics/restrictedAccesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_16ecCartagena de IndiasCampus TecnológicoIngeniería IndustrialPúblico generalAASHTO. The Highway Safety Manual. American Association of State Highway Transportation Professionals Washington, D.C., USA. 2010;529.Abdul Manan, M.M., 2014. Motorcycles entering from access points and merging with traffic on primary roads in Malaysia: Behavioral and road environment influence on the occurrence of traffic conflicts. Article. Accid. Anal. Prev.. 70, 301–313.Abdul Manan, M.M., V´ arhelyi, A., 2015. Motorcyclists’ road safety related behavior at access points on primary roads in Malaysia - A case study. Article. Saf. Sci.. 77, 80–94.Ahmed, A., Sadullah, A.F.M., Shukri, Y.A., 2016/10/01/ 2016,. Field study on the behavior of right-turning vehicles in Malaysia and their contribution on the safety of unsignalized intersections. Transport. Res. F: Traffic Psychol. Behav. 42, 433–446.Chen Y, Buerger C, Lin M, et al. Left turn across path and opposite direction accidents in China: CIDAS accident study. Transportation Safety and Environment. 2022.Cheng, A.-S.-K., Ng, T.-C.-K., 2010. Development of a Chinese motorcycle rider driving violation questionnaire. Accid. Anal. Prev. 42 (4), 1250–1256.Das, S., Mousavi, S.M., Shirinzad, M., 2022. Pattern recognition in speeding related motorcycle crashes. J. Transport. Saf. Secur. 14 (7), 1121–1138.Grimm, M., Treibich, C., 2016. Why do some motorbike riders wear a helmet and others don’t? Evidence from Delhi, India. Transp. Res. A Policy Pract. 88, 318–336.Hsu, T.-P., Wen, K.-L., 2019. Effect of novel divergence markings on conflict prevention regarding motorcycle-involved right turn accidents of mixed traffic flow. J. Saf. Res. 69, 167–176.Huan, M., Yang, X.-B., 2014. Waiting endurance time estimation of electric two-wheelers at signalized intersections. Scientific World J. 2014, 1–8.Huertas-Leyva, P., Baldanzini, N., Savino, G., Pierini, M., 2021/05/19 2021,. Human error in motorcycle crashes: A methodology based on in-depth data to identify the skills needed and support training interventions for safe riding. Traffic Inj. Prev. 22 (4), 294–300.Hyd´en C. The development of a method for traffic safety evaluation: The Swedish Traffic Conflicts Technique. Bulletin Lund Institute of Technology, Department. 1987;(70).Hyd´en C. Traffic conflicts technique: state-of-the-art. Traffic safety work with video processing. 1996;37:3-14.IHME. Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation- Global Burden of Disease. https:// vizhub.healthdata.org/gbd-compare/.Kronprasert, N., Sutheerakul, C., Satiennam, T., Luathep, P., 2021. Intersection safety assessment using video-based traffic conflict analysis: The case study of Thailand. Article. Sustainability (Switzerland). 13 (22), 12722.Laureshyn, A., Svensson, Å., Hyd´en, C., 2010. Evaluation of traffic safety, based on micro-level behavioural data: Theoretical framework and first implementation. Accid. Anal. Prev. 42 (6), 1637–1646.Mahmud, S.S., Ferreira, L., Hoque, M.S., Tavassoli, A., 2017. Application of proximal surrogate indicators for safety evaluation: A review of recent developments and research needs. IATSS Res. 41 (4), 153–163.Mahona, J., Mhilu, C., Kihedu, J., Bwire, H., 2019. Factors contributing to traffic flow congestion in heterogenous traffic conditions. Int. J. Traff. Transport Eng. (Belgrade). 9 (2), 238–254.Md Isa, M.H., Abu Bakar, S., Hamzah, A., Ariffin, A.H., Mohd Nazri, N.N., Mohamad Hashim, M.S., 2021. Investigating Motorcycle Turn Signal Behaviors in MixedTraffic Environments. Springer 711–722.Muttart, J., Barttlett, W., Bakhtiari, S., et al., 2017. Comparison of Glancing Behaviors of Riders and Drivers at Unsignalized Intersections Involving Right Turns. University of Iowa.Nguyen, L.X., Hanaoka, S., Kawasaki, T., 2014/03/01/ 2014,. Traffic conflict assessment for non-lane-based movements of motorcycles under congested conditions. IATSS Research. 37 (2), 137–147.ONSV. Observatorio Nacional de Seguridad Vial. Boletines Estadísticos, Víctimas Fallecidas, Heridos por INMLCF en eventos de transito ´ en Colombia - Datos Nacionales, Departamentales y Municipales 2012-2022). https://ansv.gov.co/ observatorio/?op=Contenidos&sec=63&page=20.Ospina-Mateus, H., Quintana Jim´enez, L.A., Lopez-Valdes, F.J., Salas-Navarro, K., 2019/ 11/01 2019,. Bibliometric analysis in motorcycle accident research: a global overview. Scientometrics. 121 (2), 793–815.Ospina-Mateus, H., Quintana Jim´enez, L.A., Lopez-Valdes, F.J., 2020. Understanding motorcyclist-related accidents in Colombia. Int. J. Inj. Contr. Saf. Promot. 27 (2), 215–231.Ospina-Mateus, H., Jim´enez, L.Q., Lopez-Vald ´ ´es, F.J., 2021a. The rider behavior questionnaire to explore associations of motorcycle taxi crashes in Cartagena (Colombia). Traffic Inj. Prev. 22 (sup1), S99–S103.Ospina-Mateus, H., Quintana Jim´enez, L.A., Lopez-Valdes, F.J., Sana, S.S., 2021b. Prediction of motorcyclist traffic crashes in Cartagena (Colombia): development of a safety performance function. RAIRO-Oper. Res. 55 (3), 1257–1278.Paul, M., Ghosh, I., 2020. Post encroachment time threshold identification for right-turn related crashes at unsignalized intersections on intercity highways under mixed traffic. Int. J. Inj. Contr. Saf. Promot. 27 (2), 121–135.Peden, M.M., Puvanachandra, P., 2019. Looking back on 10 years of global road safety. Int. Health 11 (5), 327–330.Polders, E., Brijs, T., 2018. How to analyse accident causation? Hasselt University, A handbook with focus on vulnarable road users.Promraksa, T., Satiennam, T., Satiennam, W., Kronprasert, N., Galante, F., 2022. Lanefiltering behavior of motorcycle riders at signalized urban intersections. J. Adv. Transp. 2022, 1–12.Retallack, A.E., Ostendorf, B., 2020. Relationship between traffic volume and accident frequency at intersections. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 17 (4), 1393.Rusli, R., Oviedo-Trespalacios, O., Abd Salam, S.A., 2020. Risky riding behaviours among motorcyclists in Malaysia: A roadside survey. Transport. Res. F: Traffic Psychol. Behav. 74, 446–457.Svensson, A., 1998. A method for analysing the traffic process in a safety perspective. Lund Institute of Technology Sweden.Temmerman, P., Roynard, M., 2016. Motorcycle Speed Survey 2014: Results of the First Motorcycle Speed Behaviour Survey in Belgium. Elsevier B.V. 14, 4218–4227.Tunnicliff, D.J., Watson, B.C., White, K.M., Hyde, M.K., Schonfeld, C.C., Wishart, D.E., 2012. Understanding the factors influencing safe and unsafe motorcycle rider intentions. Accid. Anal. Prev. 49, 133–141.Uzondu, C., Jamson, S., Lai, F., 2019/10/01/ 2019,. Investigating unsafe behaviours in traffic conflict situations: An observational study in Nigeria. J. Traffic Transport. Eng. (English Edition) 6 (5), 482–492.Van Haperen, W., Riaz, M.S., Daniels, S., Saunier, N., Brijs, T., Wets, G., 2019. Observing the observation of (vulnerable) road user behaviour and traffic safety: A scoping review. Accid. Anal. Prev. 123, 211–221.Vedagiri, P., Killi, D.V., 2015. Traffic safety evaluation of uncontrolled intersections using surrogate safety measures under mixed traffic conditions. Transp. Res. Record. 2512 (1), 81–89.Walton, D., Buchanan, J., 2012. Motorcycle and scooter speeds approaching urban intersections. Article. Accid. Anal. Prevent. 48, 335–340.White, B., Eccles, K.A., 2002. Inexpensive, infrastructure-based, intersection collisionavoidance system to prevent left-turn crashes with opposite-direction traffic. Transp. Res. Record. 1800 (1), 92–99.WHO WHO. Death on the roads, based on the WHO global status report on Road Safety 2018. 2018. https://extranet.who.int/roadsafety/death-on-the-roads/#country_or_area/ COL.WHO WHO. Global health estimates 2019: deaths by cause, age, sex, by country and by region, 2000–2019. . 2019.WHO WHO. Powered two-and three-wheeler safety: a road safety manual for decisionmakers and practitioners. 2022Williams, V.H., McLaughlin, S.B., Williams, S.L., Buche, T., 2015. Exploratory analysis of motorcycle incidents using naturalistic riding data. Transp. Res. Record. 2520 (1), 151–156.Wong, J.-T., Chung, Y.-S., Huang, S.-H., Jan 2010. Determinants behind young motorcyclists’ risky riding behavior. Accid. Anal. Prev. 42 (1), 275–281.Wu, C.Y.H., Loo, B.P.Y., 2016. Motorcycle safety among motorcycle taxi drivers and nonoccupational motorcyclists in developing countries: A case study of Maoming, South China. Article. Traffic Inj. Prev. 17 (2), 170–175.Zamani-Alavijeh, F., Niknami, S., Bazargan, M., et al., 2010. Risk-taking behaviors among motorcyclists in middle east countries: A case of islamic republic of Iran. Article. Traffic Inj. Prev. 11 (1), 25–34.Zhang J, Zhang L. Analysis of moped rider violation behavior characteristics at mixed traffic intersection. In: Access Management Theories and Practices - Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Access Management, AM 2014. American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE); 2014:108-117.http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1ORIGINALAnalyzing Traffic Conflicts and the behavior of motorcyclists at Unsig.pdfAnalyzing Traffic Conflicts and the behavior of motorcyclists at Unsig.pdfArtículo Principalapplication/pdf4533828https://repositorio.utb.edu.co/bitstream/20.500.12585/12447/1/Analyzing%20Traffic%20Conflicts%20and%20the%20behavior%20of%20motorcyclists%20at%20Unsig.pdf7b2cbd91c2eb16b4282558dbe4eac14eMD51LICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-83182https://repositorio.utb.edu.co/bitstream/20.500.12585/12447/2/license.txte20ad307a1c5f3f25af9304a7a7c86b6MD52TEXTAnalyzing Traffic Conflicts and the behavior of motorcyclists at Unsig.pdf.txtAnalyzing Traffic Conflicts and the behavior of motorcyclists at Unsig.pdf.txtExtracted texttext/plain75122https://repositorio.utb.edu.co/bitstream/20.500.12585/12447/3/Analyzing%20Traffic%20Conflicts%20and%20the%20behavior%20of%20motorcyclists%20at%20Unsig.pdf.txt44e2cf124d13831423a24df3bf783235MD53THUMBNAILAnalyzing Traffic Conflicts and the behavior of motorcyclists at Unsig.pdf.jpgAnalyzing Traffic Conflicts and the behavior of motorcyclists at Unsig.pdf.jpgGenerated Thumbnailimage/jpeg7420https://repositorio.utb.edu.co/bitstream/20.500.12585/12447/4/Analyzing%20Traffic%20Conflicts%20and%20the%20behavior%20of%20motorcyclists%20at%20Unsig.pdf.jpg82cbf278d14a8328aeabdb2a9907e734MD5420.500.12585/12447oai:repositorio.utb.edu.co:20.500.12585/124472023-08-11 00:17:56.531Repositorio Institucional UTBrepositorioutb@utb.edu.coQXV0b3Jpem8gKGF1dG9yaXphbW9zKSBhIGxhIEJpYmxpb3RlY2EgZGUgbGEgSW5zdGl0dWNpw7NuIHBhcmEgcXVlIGluY2x1eWEgdW5hIGNvcGlhLCBpbmRleGUgeSBkaXZ1bGd1ZSBlbiBlbCBSZXBvc2l0b3JpbyBJbnN0aXR1Y2lvbmFsLCBsYSBvYnJhIG1lbmNpb25hZGEgY29uIGVsIGZpbiBkZSBmYWNpbGl0YXIgbG9zIHByb2Nlc29zIGRlIHZpc2liaWxpZGFkIGUgaW1wYWN0byBkZSBsYSBtaXNtYSwgY29uZm9ybWUgYSBsb3MgZGVyZWNob3MgcGF0cmltb25pYWxlcyBxdWUgbWUobm9zKSBjb3JyZXNwb25kZShuKSB5IHF1ZSBpbmNsdXllbjogbGEgcmVwcm9kdWNjacOzbiwgY29tdW5pY2FjacOzbiBww7pibGljYSwgZGlzdHJpYnVjacOzbiBhbCBww7pibGljbywgdHJhbnNmb3JtYWNpw7NuLCBkZSBjb25mb3JtaWRhZCBjb24gbGEgbm9ybWF0aXZpZGFkIHZpZ2VudGUgc29icmUgZGVyZWNob3MgZGUgYXV0b3IgeSBkZXJlY2hvcyBjb25leG9zIHJlZmVyaWRvcyBlbiBhcnQuIDIsIDEyLCAzMCAobW9kaWZpY2FkbyBwb3IgZWwgYXJ0IDUgZGUgbGEgbGV5IDE1MjAvMjAxMiksIHkgNzIgZGUgbGEgbGV5IDIzIGRlIGRlIDE5ODIsIExleSA0NCBkZSAxOTkzLCBhcnQuIDQgeSAxMSBEZWNpc2nDs24gQW5kaW5hIDM1MSBkZSAxOTkzIGFydC4gMTEsIERlY3JldG8gNDYwIGRlIDE5OTUsIENpcmN1bGFyIE5vIDA2LzIwMDIgZGUgbGEgRGlyZWNjacOzbiBOYWNpb25hbCBkZSBEZXJlY2hvcyBkZSBhdXRvciwgYXJ0LiAxNSBMZXkgMTUyMCBkZSAyMDEyLCBsYSBMZXkgMTkxNSBkZSAyMDE4IHkgZGVtw6FzIG5vcm1hcyBzb2JyZSBsYSBtYXRlcmlhLgoKQWwgcmVzcGVjdG8gY29tbyBBdXRvcihlcykgbWFuaWZlc3RhbW9zIGNvbm9jZXIgcXVlOgoKLSBMYSBhdXRvcml6YWNpw7NuIGVzIGRlIGNhcsOhY3RlciBubyBleGNsdXNpdmEgeSBsaW1pdGFkYSwgZXN0byBpbXBsaWNhIHF1ZSBsYSBsaWNlbmNpYSB0aWVuZSB1bmEgdmlnZW5jaWEsIHF1ZSBubyBlcyBwZXJwZXR1YSB5IHF1ZSBlbCBhdXRvciBwdWVkZSBwdWJsaWNhciBvIGRpZnVuZGlyIHN1IG9icmEgZW4gY3VhbHF1aWVyIG90cm8gbWVkaW8sIGFzw60gY29tbyBsbGV2YXIgYSBjYWJvIGN1YWxxdWllciB0aXBvIGRlIGFjY2nDs24gc29icmUgZWwgZG9jdW1lbnRvLgoKLSBMYSBhdXRvcml6YWNpw7NuIHRlbmRyw6EgdW5hIHZpZ2VuY2lhIGRlIGNpbmNvIGHDsW9zIGEgcGFydGlyIGRlbCBtb21lbnRvIGRlIGxhIGluY2x1c2nDs24gZGUgbGEgb2JyYSBlbiBlbCByZXBvc2l0b3JpbywgcHJvcnJvZ2FibGUgaW5kZWZpbmlkYW1lbnRlIHBvciBlbCB0aWVtcG8gZGUgZHVyYWNpw7NuIGRlIGxvcyBkZXJlY2hvcyBwYXRyaW1vbmlhbGVzIGRlbCBhdXRvciB5IHBvZHLDoSBkYXJzZSBwb3IgdGVybWluYWRhIHVuYSB2ZXogZWwgYXV0b3IgbG8gbWFuaWZpZXN0ZSBwb3IgZXNjcml0byBhIGxhIGluc3RpdHVjacOzbiwgY29uIGxhIHNhbHZlZGFkIGRlIHF1ZSBsYSBvYnJhIGVzIGRpZnVuZGlkYSBnbG9iYWxtZW50ZSB5IGNvc2VjaGFkYSBwb3IgZGlmZXJlbnRlcyBidXNjYWRvcmVzIHkvbyByZXBvc2l0b3Jpb3MgZW4gSW50ZXJuZXQgbG8gcXVlIG5vIGdhcmFudGl6YSBxdWUgbGEgb2JyYSBwdWVkYSBzZXIgcmV0aXJhZGEgZGUgbWFuZXJhIGlubWVkaWF0YSBkZSBvdHJvcyBzaXN0ZW1hcyBkZSBpbmZvcm1hY2nDs24gZW4gbG9zIHF1ZSBzZSBoYXlhIGluZGV4YWRvLCBkaWZlcmVudGVzIGFsIHJlcG9zaXRvcmlvIGluc3RpdHVjaW9uYWwgZGUgbGEgSW5zdGl0dWNpw7NuLCBkZSBtYW5lcmEgcXVlIGVsIGF1dG9yKHJlcykgdGVuZHLDoW4gcXVlIHNvbGljaXRhciBsYSByZXRpcmFkYSBkZSBzdSBvYnJhIGRpcmVjdGFtZW50ZSBhIG90cm9zIHNpc3RlbWFzIGRlIGluZm9ybWFjacOzbiBkaXN0aW50b3MgYWwgZGUgbGEgSW5zdGl0dWNpw7NuIHNpIGRlc2VhIHF1ZSBzdSBvYnJhIHNlYSByZXRpcmFkYSBkZSBpbm1lZGlhdG8uCgotIExhIGF1dG9yaXphY2nDs24gZGUgcHVibGljYWNpw7NuIGNvbXByZW5kZSBlbCBmb3JtYXRvIG9yaWdpbmFsIGRlIGxhIG9icmEgeSB0b2RvcyBsb3MgZGVtw6FzIHF1ZSBzZSByZXF1aWVyYSBwYXJhIHN1IHB1YmxpY2FjacOzbiBlbiBlbCByZXBvc2l0b3Jpby4gSWd1YWxtZW50ZSwgbGEgYXV0b3JpemFjacOzbiBwZXJtaXRlIGEgbGEgaW5zdGl0dWNpw7NuIGVsIGNhbWJpbyBkZSBzb3BvcnRlIGRlIGxhIG9icmEgY29uIGZpbmVzIGRlIHByZXNlcnZhY2nDs24gKGltcHJlc28sIGVsZWN0csOzbmljbywgZGlnaXRhbCwgSW50ZXJuZXQsIGludHJhbmV0LCBvIGN1YWxxdWllciBvdHJvIGZvcm1hdG8gY29ub2NpZG8gbyBwb3IgY29ub2NlcikuCgotIExhIGF1dG9yaXphY2nDs24gZXMgZ3JhdHVpdGEgeSBzZSByZW51bmNpYSBhIHJlY2liaXIgY3VhbHF1aWVyIHJlbXVuZXJhY2nDs24gcG9yIGxvcyB1c29zIGRlIGxhIG9icmEsIGRlIGFjdWVyZG8gY29uIGxhIGxpY2VuY2lhIGVzdGFibGVjaWRhIGVuIGVzdGEgYXV0b3JpemFjacOzbi4KCi0gQWwgZmlybWFyIGVzdGEgYXV0b3JpemFjacOzbiwgc2UgbWFuaWZpZXN0YSBxdWUgbGEgb2JyYSBlcyBvcmlnaW5hbCB5IG5vIGV4aXN0ZSBlbiBlbGxhIG5pbmd1bmEgdmlvbGFjacOzbiBhIGxvcyBkZXJlY2hvcyBkZSBhdXRvciBkZSB0ZXJjZXJvcy4gRW4gY2FzbyBkZSBxdWUgZWwgdHJhYmFqbyBoYXlhIHNpZG8gZmluYW5jaWFkbyBwb3IgdGVyY2Vyb3MgZWwgbyBsb3MgYXV0b3JlcyBhc3VtZW4gbGEgcmVzcG9uc2FiaWxpZGFkIGRlbCBjdW1wbGltaWVudG8gZGUgbG9zIGFjdWVyZG9zIGVzdGFibGVjaWRvcyBzb2JyZSBsb3MgZGVyZWNob3MgcGF0cmltb25pYWxlcyBkZSBsYSBvYnJhIGNvbiBkaWNobyB0ZXJjZXJvLgoKLSBGcmVudGUgYSBjdWFscXVpZXIgcmVjbGFtYWNpw7NuIHBvciB0ZXJjZXJvcywgZWwgbyBsb3MgYXV0b3JlcyBzZXLDoW4gcmVzcG9uc2FibGVzLCBlbiBuaW5nw7puIGNhc28gbGEgcmVzcG9uc2FiaWxpZGFkIHNlcsOhIGFzdW1pZGEgcG9yIGxhIGluc3RpdHVjacOzbi4KCi0gQ29uIGxhIGF1dG9yaXphY2nDs24sIGxhIGluc3RpdHVjacOzbiBwdWVkZSBkaWZ1bmRpciBsYSBvYnJhIGVuIMOtbmRpY2VzLCBidXNjYWRvcmVzIHkgb3Ryb3Mgc2lzdGVtYXMgZGUgaW5mb3JtYWNpw7NuIHF1ZSBmYXZvcmV6Y2FuIHN1IHZpc2liaWxpZGFkCgo= |