Individual Tree Crown Delineation and Biomass Estimation from LiDAR Data in Gorgona Island, Colombia
Biomass estimation is a crucial component in the areas of carbon storage and forest management. Biomass can be analyzed rather at forest or at Single Tree Level (STL) and studies in both directions can be found in literature. Nevertheless, working at STL provides more accurate estimations. Such a le...
- Autores:
-
Solano-Correa, Yady Tatiana
Camacho-De Angulo, Yineth Viviana
Oviedo-Barrero, Fernando
Dalponte, Michele
Pencue-Fierro, Edgar Leonairo
- Tipo de recurso:
- Fecha de publicación:
- 2023
- Institución:
- Universidad Tecnológica de Bolívar
- Repositorio:
- Repositorio Institucional UTB
- Idioma:
- eng
- OAI Identifier:
- oai:repositorio.utb.edu.co:20.500.12585/12736
- Acceso en línea:
- https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12585/12736
- Palabra clave:
- Individual Tree Crowns
Biomass Estimation
LiDAR data
Gorgona Island
Tropical Forest
LEMB
- Rights
- closedAccess
- License
- http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_14cb
| id |
UTB2_77c251c868a6b4eb18aa0534ee1daeed |
|---|---|
| oai_identifier_str |
oai:repositorio.utb.edu.co:20.500.12585/12736 |
| network_acronym_str |
UTB2 |
| network_name_str |
Repositorio Institucional UTB |
| repository_id_str |
|
| dc.title.spa.fl_str_mv |
Individual Tree Crown Delineation and Biomass Estimation from LiDAR Data in Gorgona Island, Colombia |
| title |
Individual Tree Crown Delineation and Biomass Estimation from LiDAR Data in Gorgona Island, Colombia |
| spellingShingle |
Individual Tree Crown Delineation and Biomass Estimation from LiDAR Data in Gorgona Island, Colombia Individual Tree Crowns Biomass Estimation LiDAR data Gorgona Island Tropical Forest LEMB |
| title_short |
Individual Tree Crown Delineation and Biomass Estimation from LiDAR Data in Gorgona Island, Colombia |
| title_full |
Individual Tree Crown Delineation and Biomass Estimation from LiDAR Data in Gorgona Island, Colombia |
| title_fullStr |
Individual Tree Crown Delineation and Biomass Estimation from LiDAR Data in Gorgona Island, Colombia |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Individual Tree Crown Delineation and Biomass Estimation from LiDAR Data in Gorgona Island, Colombia |
| title_sort |
Individual Tree Crown Delineation and Biomass Estimation from LiDAR Data in Gorgona Island, Colombia |
| dc.creator.fl_str_mv |
Solano-Correa, Yady Tatiana Camacho-De Angulo, Yineth Viviana Oviedo-Barrero, Fernando Dalponte, Michele Pencue-Fierro, Edgar Leonairo |
| dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv |
Solano-Correa, Yady Tatiana Camacho-De Angulo, Yineth Viviana Oviedo-Barrero, Fernando Dalponte, Michele Pencue-Fierro, Edgar Leonairo |
| dc.subject.keywords.spa.fl_str_mv |
Individual Tree Crowns Biomass Estimation LiDAR data Gorgona Island Tropical Forest |
| topic |
Individual Tree Crowns Biomass Estimation LiDAR data Gorgona Island Tropical Forest LEMB |
| dc.subject.armarc.none.fl_str_mv |
LEMB |
| description |
Biomass estimation is a crucial component in the areas of carbon storage and forest management. Biomass can be analyzed rather at forest or at Single Tree Level (STL) and studies in both directions can be found in literature. Nevertheless, working at STL provides more accurate estimations. Such a level of information can be obtained by means of LiDAR data, but this type of data is usually expensive and not available for all Countries. Thus, few studies at STL can be found in developing countries and tropical forests. This study presents one of the first works for biomass estimation in tropical forest located in Gorgona Island, Colombia. Adaptations have been made to state-of-the-art methods for them to properly work in a complex forest, where trees sizes vary a lot from one area to another. Preliminary results are shown for some areas, allowing to see the capabilities of the adaptation. |
| publishDate |
2023 |
| dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv |
2023-10-20 |
| dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv |
2024-09-12T14:04:32Z |
| dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv |
2024-09-12T14:04:32Z |
| dc.date.submitted.none.fl_str_mv |
2024-09-11 |
| dc.type.coarversion.fl_str_mv |
http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85 |
| dc.type.coar.fl_str_mv |
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1 |
| dc.type.driver.spa.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
| dc.type.hasversion.spa.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion |
| dc.type.spa.spa.fl_str_mv |
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_c94f |
| status_str |
publishedVersion |
| dc.identifier.citation.spa.fl_str_mv |
Y. T. Solano-Correa; Y. V. Camacho-De Angulo; F. Oviedo-Barrero; M. Dalponte; E. L. Pencue-Fierro, "Individual tree crown delineation and biomass estimation from LiDAR data in Gorgona island, Colombia," in 2023 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS), Pasadena, United States of America, Jul. 2023. DOI: 10.1109/IGARSS52108.2023.10282442. |
| dc.identifier.uri.none.fl_str_mv |
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12585/12736 |
| dc.identifier.doi.none.fl_str_mv |
10.1109/IGARSS52108.2023.10282442 |
| dc.identifier.instname.spa.fl_str_mv |
Universidad Tecnológica de Bolívar |
| dc.identifier.reponame.spa.fl_str_mv |
Repositorio Universidad Tecnológica de Bolívar |
| identifier_str_mv |
Y. T. Solano-Correa; Y. V. Camacho-De Angulo; F. Oviedo-Barrero; M. Dalponte; E. L. Pencue-Fierro, "Individual tree crown delineation and biomass estimation from LiDAR data in Gorgona island, Colombia," in 2023 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS), Pasadena, United States of America, Jul. 2023. DOI: 10.1109/IGARSS52108.2023.10282442. 10.1109/IGARSS52108.2023.10282442 Universidad Tecnológica de Bolívar Repositorio Universidad Tecnológica de Bolívar |
| url |
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12585/12736 |
| dc.language.iso.spa.fl_str_mv |
eng |
| language |
eng |
| dc.rights.coar.fl_str_mv |
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_14cb |
| dc.rights.accessrights.spa.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccess |
| eu_rights_str_mv |
closedAccess |
| rights_invalid_str_mv |
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_14cb |
| dc.format.extent.none.fl_str_mv |
4 páginas |
| dc.format.mimetype.spa.fl_str_mv |
application/pdf |
| dc.publisher.place.spa.fl_str_mv |
Cartagena de Indias |
| dc.publisher.faculty.spa.fl_str_mv |
Ciencias Básicas |
| dc.source.spa.fl_str_mv |
EEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS) |
| institution |
Universidad Tecnológica de Bolívar |
| bitstream.url.fl_str_mv |
https://repositorio.utb.edu.co/bitstream/20.500.12585/12736/1/2023-C-Individual%20Tree%20Crown%20Delineation%20and%20Biomass%20Estimation%20from%20LiDAR%20Data%20in%20Gorgona%20Island%2c%20Colombia.pdf https://repositorio.utb.edu.co/bitstream/20.500.12585/12736/2/license.txt https://repositorio.utb.edu.co/bitstream/20.500.12585/12736/3/2023-C-Individual%20Tree%20Crown%20Delineation%20and%20Biomass%20Estimation%20from%20LiDAR%20Data%20in%20Gorgona%20Island%2c%20Colombia.pdf.txt https://repositorio.utb.edu.co/bitstream/20.500.12585/12736/4/2023-C-Individual%20Tree%20Crown%20Delineation%20and%20Biomass%20Estimation%20from%20LiDAR%20Data%20in%20Gorgona%20Island%2c%20Colombia.pdf.jpg |
| bitstream.checksum.fl_str_mv |
8372c5210d9bbf9a67c41cb3280b337c e20ad307a1c5f3f25af9304a7a7c86b6 fba841fd61b2daa07d5be6d6b5a2b704 896ac8cb347816dc529e951eb067098a |
| bitstream.checksumAlgorithm.fl_str_mv |
MD5 MD5 MD5 MD5 |
| repository.name.fl_str_mv |
Repositorio Institucional UTB |
| repository.mail.fl_str_mv |
repositorioutb@utb.edu.co |
| _version_ |
1814021760677314560 |
| spelling |
Solano-Correa, Yady Tatianac3d85b81-c6f5-4ad0-80dc-65e4cf4283b1Camacho-De Angulo, Yineth Vivianadf97ad9f-47e5-45c8-922c-d1e2b12c9708Oviedo-Barrero, Fernando0fb83843-0e0f-4a9b-bf21-ec5b37684b8aDalponte, Michele88d5773a-4fd2-49c7-bee0-e4387e64652dPencue-Fierro, Edgar Leonairo6964c8f9-622b-4193-9015-e2dbfaf051272024-09-12T14:04:32Z2024-09-12T14:04:32Z2023-10-202024-09-11Y. T. Solano-Correa; Y. V. Camacho-De Angulo; F. Oviedo-Barrero; M. Dalponte; E. L. Pencue-Fierro, "Individual tree crown delineation and biomass estimation from LiDAR data in Gorgona island, Colombia," in 2023 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS), Pasadena, United States of America, Jul. 2023. DOI: 10.1109/IGARSS52108.2023.10282442.https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12585/1273610.1109/IGARSS52108.2023.10282442Universidad Tecnológica de BolívarRepositorio Universidad Tecnológica de BolívarBiomass estimation is a crucial component in the areas of carbon storage and forest management. Biomass can be analyzed rather at forest or at Single Tree Level (STL) and studies in both directions can be found in literature. Nevertheless, working at STL provides more accurate estimations. Such a level of information can be obtained by means of LiDAR data, but this type of data is usually expensive and not available for all Countries. Thus, few studies at STL can be found in developing countries and tropical forests. This study presents one of the first works for biomass estimation in tropical forest located in Gorgona Island, Colombia. Adaptations have been made to state-of-the-art methods for them to properly work in a complex forest, where trees sizes vary a lot from one area to another. Preliminary results are shown for some areas, allowing to see the capabilities of the adaptation.4 páginasapplication/pdfengEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS)Individual Tree Crown Delineation and Biomass Estimation from LiDAR Data in Gorgona Island, Colombiainfo:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionhttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_c94fhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1Individual Tree CrownsBiomass EstimationLiDAR dataGorgona IslandTropical ForestLEMBinfo:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccesshttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_14cbCartagena de IndiasCiencias BásicasInvestigadoresD. Xu, H. Wang, W. Xu, Z. Luan, and X. Xu, “LiDAR Applications to Estimate Forest Biomass at Individual Tree Scale: Opportunities, Challenges and Future Perspectives,” Forests, vol. 12, no. 5, Art. no. 5, May 2021, doi: 10.3390/f12050550.B. Santiago et al., “Which Pixel is a Forest? Tree Crown Delineation Using VHR Images to Estimate Tree Cover in Landsat Based Classification,” in 2021 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium IGARSS, Jul. 2021, pp. 1600–1603. doi: 10.1109/IGARSS47720.2021.9553173F. A. Gougeon and D. G. Leckie, “The Individual Tree Crown Approach Applied to Ikonos Images of a Coniferous Plantation Area,” Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing, vol. 72, no. 11, pp. 1287–1297, Nov. 2006, doi: 10.14358/PERS.72.11.1287.D. Pulido, J. Salas, M. Rös, K. Puettmann, and S. Karaman, “Assessment of Tree Detection Methods in Multispectral Aerial Images,” Remote Sensing, vol. 12, no. 15, Art. no. 15, Jan. 2020, doi: 10.3390/rs12152379.G. Lassalle, M. P. Ferreira, L. E. C. La Rosa, and C. R. de Souza Filho, “Deep learning-based individual tree crown delineation in mangrove forests using very-high-resolution satellite imagery,” ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, vol. 189, pp. 220–235, Jul. 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2022.05.002.M. Dalponte and D. A. Coomes, “Tree-centric mapping of forest carbon density from airborne laser scanning and hyperspectral data,” Methods in Ecology and Evolution, vol. 7, no. 10, pp. 1236–1245, Oct. 2016, doi: 10.1111/2041- 210X.12575.L. Beese, M. Dalponte, G. P. Asner, D. A. Coomes, and T. Jucker, “Using repeat airborne LiDAR to map the growth of individual oil palms in Malaysian Borneo during the 2015–16 El Niño,” International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation, vol. 115, p. 103117, Dec. 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.jag.2022.103117.T. Yun et al., “Individual tree crown segmentation from airborne LiDAR data using a novel Gaussian filter and energy function minimization-based approach,” Remote Sensing of Environment, vol. 256, p. 112307, Apr. 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.rse.2021.112307.Instituto de Hidrología, Meteorología y Estudios Ambientales 2018. IDEAM, PNUD, MADS, DNP, CANCILLERÍA, FMAM. Bogotá D.C., Colombia, IDEAM, PNUD, and MADS, Eds., Segundo Informe Bienal de Actualización de Colombia a la Convención Marco de las Naciones Unidas para el Cambio Climático (CMNUCC). Bogotá: IDEAM, 2018.Ministerio del Medio Ambiente, “Resultados de monitoreo de deforestación.” MINAMBIENTE $ Instuto de Hidrología, Jan. 2020. Accessed: May 31, 2023. [Online]. Available: chromeextension:// efaidnbmnnnibpcajpcglclefindmkaj/https://www.min ambiente.gov.co/wpcontent/ uploads/2021/10/Informe_gestio%CC%81n_MINAMBI ENTE_2019-2.pdfP. N. N. de Colombia, “Gorgona National Natural Park,” Parques Nacionales Naturales de Colombia. https://www.parquesnacionales.gov.co/portal/en/ecotourism/paci fic-region/gorgona-national-natural-park/ (accessed Jan. 12, 2023).A. I. Vásquez-Vélez, “Estructura y diversidad de la vegetación del Parque Nacional Natural de la Isla Gorgona, Colombia,” Revista de Biología Tropical, pp. 13–26, Feb. 2014, doi: 10.15517/rbt.v62i0.15976.M. Dalponte, “itcSegment: Individual Tree Crowns Segmentation.” Mar. 23, 2018. Accessed: May 31, 2023. [Online]. Available: https://cran.rproject. org/web/packages/itcSegment/index.htmlR. Real and J. M. Vargas, “Probabilistic Basis of Jaccard’s Index of Similarity | Systematic Biology | Oxford Academic,” Systematic Biology, vol. 45, no. 3, pp. 380–385, Sep. 1996T. Jucker et al., “Allometric equations for integrating remote sensing imagery into forest monitoring programmes,” Global Change Biology, vol. 23, no. 1, pp. 177–190, 2017, doi: 10.1111/gcb.13388.http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_c94fORIGINAL2023-C-Individual Tree Crown Delineation and Biomass Estimation from LiDAR Data in Gorgona Island, Colombia.pdf2023-C-Individual Tree Crown Delineation and Biomass Estimation from LiDAR Data in Gorgona Island, Colombia.pdfapplication/pdf1486631https://repositorio.utb.edu.co/bitstream/20.500.12585/12736/1/2023-C-Individual%20Tree%20Crown%20Delineation%20and%20Biomass%20Estimation%20from%20LiDAR%20Data%20in%20Gorgona%20Island%2c%20Colombia.pdf8372c5210d9bbf9a67c41cb3280b337cMD51LICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-83182https://repositorio.utb.edu.co/bitstream/20.500.12585/12736/2/license.txte20ad307a1c5f3f25af9304a7a7c86b6MD52TEXT2023-C-Individual Tree Crown Delineation and Biomass Estimation from LiDAR Data in Gorgona Island, Colombia.pdf.txt2023-C-Individual Tree Crown Delineation and Biomass Estimation from LiDAR Data in Gorgona Island, Colombia.pdf.txtExtracted texttext/plain15812https://repositorio.utb.edu.co/bitstream/20.500.12585/12736/3/2023-C-Individual%20Tree%20Crown%20Delineation%20and%20Biomass%20Estimation%20from%20LiDAR%20Data%20in%20Gorgona%20Island%2c%20Colombia.pdf.txtfba841fd61b2daa07d5be6d6b5a2b704MD53THUMBNAIL2023-C-Individual Tree Crown Delineation and Biomass Estimation from LiDAR Data in Gorgona Island, Colombia.pdf.jpg2023-C-Individual Tree Crown Delineation and Biomass Estimation from LiDAR Data in Gorgona Island, Colombia.pdf.jpgGenerated Thumbnailimage/jpeg10728https://repositorio.utb.edu.co/bitstream/20.500.12585/12736/4/2023-C-Individual%20Tree%20Crown%20Delineation%20and%20Biomass%20Estimation%20from%20LiDAR%20Data%20in%20Gorgona%20Island%2c%20Colombia.pdf.jpg896ac8cb347816dc529e951eb067098aMD5420.500.12585/12736oai:repositorio.utb.edu.co:20.500.12585/127362024-09-13 00:18:24.543Repositorio Institucional UTBrepositorioutb@utb.edu.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 |