Efficient Integration of PV Sources in Distribution Networks to Reduce Annual Investment and Operating Costs Using the Modified Arithmetic Optimization Algorithm
The optimal integration of photovoltaic generation systems is a challenge for distribution utilities since these devices have a direct impact on company finances due to the large amount of investment required at the beginning of the planning project. In this investigation, the problem re-garding the...
- Autores:
-
Montoya, Oscar Danilo
Giral-Ramírez, Diego Armando
Hernández, Jesus C.
- Tipo de recurso:
- Fecha de publicación:
- 2022
- Institución:
- Universidad Tecnológica de Bolívar
- Repositorio:
- Repositorio Institucional UTB
- Idioma:
- eng
- OAI Identifier:
- oai:repositorio.utb.edu.co:20.500.12585/12187
- Acceso en línea:
- https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12585/12187
- Palabra clave:
- Placement;
Active Distribution Network;
Voltage Stability
- Rights
- openAccess
- License
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
| id |
UTB2_5d759a2cff9d5bf09425e24b41e52bf8 |
|---|---|
| oai_identifier_str |
oai:repositorio.utb.edu.co:20.500.12585/12187 |
| network_acronym_str |
UTB2 |
| network_name_str |
Repositorio Institucional UTB |
| repository_id_str |
|
| dc.title.spa.fl_str_mv |
Efficient Integration of PV Sources in Distribution Networks to Reduce Annual Investment and Operating Costs Using the Modified Arithmetic Optimization Algorithm |
| title |
Efficient Integration of PV Sources in Distribution Networks to Reduce Annual Investment and Operating Costs Using the Modified Arithmetic Optimization Algorithm |
| spellingShingle |
Efficient Integration of PV Sources in Distribution Networks to Reduce Annual Investment and Operating Costs Using the Modified Arithmetic Optimization Algorithm Placement; Active Distribution Network; Voltage Stability |
| title_short |
Efficient Integration of PV Sources in Distribution Networks to Reduce Annual Investment and Operating Costs Using the Modified Arithmetic Optimization Algorithm |
| title_full |
Efficient Integration of PV Sources in Distribution Networks to Reduce Annual Investment and Operating Costs Using the Modified Arithmetic Optimization Algorithm |
| title_fullStr |
Efficient Integration of PV Sources in Distribution Networks to Reduce Annual Investment and Operating Costs Using the Modified Arithmetic Optimization Algorithm |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Efficient Integration of PV Sources in Distribution Networks to Reduce Annual Investment and Operating Costs Using the Modified Arithmetic Optimization Algorithm |
| title_sort |
Efficient Integration of PV Sources in Distribution Networks to Reduce Annual Investment and Operating Costs Using the Modified Arithmetic Optimization Algorithm |
| dc.creator.fl_str_mv |
Montoya, Oscar Danilo Giral-Ramírez, Diego Armando Hernández, Jesus C. |
| dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv |
Montoya, Oscar Danilo Giral-Ramírez, Diego Armando Hernández, Jesus C. |
| dc.subject.keywords.spa.fl_str_mv |
Placement; Active Distribution Network; Voltage Stability |
| topic |
Placement; Active Distribution Network; Voltage Stability |
| description |
The optimal integration of photovoltaic generation systems is a challenge for distribution utilities since these devices have a direct impact on company finances due to the large amount of investment required at the beginning of the planning project. In this investigation, the problem re-garding the optimal siting and sizing of photovoltaic resources in medium-voltage levels is addressed from an economical point of view, where the optimization model that represents said problem corresponds to a mixed-integer nonlinear programming model. The maximum allowed size for single photovoltaic units in the distribution network is set at 2400 kW. The investment costs, energy purchase costs and maintenance costs for photovoltaic units, are considered in the objective function. Typical constraints such as power balance, generation capacities, voltage regulation, among others, are considered in the mathematical formulation. The solution of the optimization model is addressed by implementing a modified version of the Arithmetic Optimization Algorithm, which includes a new exploration and exploitation characteristic based on the best current solution in iteration t, i.e., xbestt. This improvement is based on a Gaussian distribution operator that generates new candidate solutions with the center at xbestt, which are uniformly distributed. The main contribution of this research is the proposal of a new hybrid optimization algorithm to solve the exact optimization model, which is based on a combination of the Arithmetic Optimization algorithm with the Vortex Search algorithm and showed excellent numerical results in the IEEE 34-bus grid. The analysis of quantitative results allows us to conclude that the strategy proposed in this work has a greater effectiveness with respect to the General Algebraic Modeling System software solvers, as well as with metaheuristic optimizers such as Genetic Algorithms, the Newton–Metaheuristic Algorithm, and the original Arithmetic Optimization Algorithm. MATLAB was used as a simulation tool. © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. |
| publishDate |
2022 |
| dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv |
2022 |
| dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv |
2023-07-19T21:17:42Z |
| dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv |
2023-07-19T21:17:42Z |
| dc.date.submitted.none.fl_str_mv |
2023 |
| dc.type.coarversion.fl_str_mv |
http://purl.org/coar/version/c_b1a7d7d4d402bcce |
| dc.type.coar.fl_str_mv |
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1 |
| dc.type.driver.spa.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
| dc.type.hasversion.spa.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/draft |
| dc.type.spa.spa.fl_str_mv |
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501 |
| status_str |
draft |
| dc.identifier.citation.spa.fl_str_mv |
Montoya, O. D., Giral-Ramírez, D. A., & Hernández, J. C. (2022). Efficient integration of pv sources in distribution networks to reduce annual investment and operating costs using the modified arithmetic optimization algorithm. Electronics, 11(11), 1680. |
| dc.identifier.uri.none.fl_str_mv |
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12585/12187 |
| dc.identifier.doi.none.fl_str_mv |
10.3390/electronics11111680 |
| dc.identifier.instname.spa.fl_str_mv |
Universidad Tecnológica de Bolívar |
| dc.identifier.reponame.spa.fl_str_mv |
Repositorio Universidad Tecnológica de Bolívar |
| identifier_str_mv |
Montoya, O. D., Giral-Ramírez, D. A., & Hernández, J. C. (2022). Efficient integration of pv sources in distribution networks to reduce annual investment and operating costs using the modified arithmetic optimization algorithm. Electronics, 11(11), 1680. 10.3390/electronics11111680 Universidad Tecnológica de Bolívar Repositorio Universidad Tecnológica de Bolívar |
| url |
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12585/12187 |
| dc.language.iso.spa.fl_str_mv |
eng |
| language |
eng |
| dc.rights.coar.fl_str_mv |
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2 |
| dc.rights.uri.*.fl_str_mv |
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ |
| dc.rights.accessrights.spa.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
| dc.rights.cc.*.fl_str_mv |
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internacional |
| rights_invalid_str_mv |
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internacional http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2 |
| eu_rights_str_mv |
openAccess |
| dc.format.extent.none.fl_str_mv |
14 páginas |
| dc.format.mimetype.spa.fl_str_mv |
application/pdf |
| dc.publisher.place.spa.fl_str_mv |
Cartagena de Indias |
| dc.source.spa.fl_str_mv |
Electronics (Switzerland) |
| institution |
Universidad Tecnológica de Bolívar |
| bitstream.url.fl_str_mv |
https://repositorio.utb.edu.co/bitstream/20.500.12585/12187/1/electronics-11-01680%20%281%29.pdf https://repositorio.utb.edu.co/bitstream/20.500.12585/12187/2/license_rdf https://repositorio.utb.edu.co/bitstream/20.500.12585/12187/3/license.txt https://repositorio.utb.edu.co/bitstream/20.500.12585/12187/4/electronics-11-01680%20%281%29.pdf.txt https://repositorio.utb.edu.co/bitstream/20.500.12585/12187/5/electronics-11-01680%20%281%29.pdf.jpg |
| bitstream.checksum.fl_str_mv |
766a90a96122181e09d1cf0d26b8f281 4460e5956bc1d1639be9ae6146a50347 e20ad307a1c5f3f25af9304a7a7c86b6 494fa2f68f7edb3e1c84cff6304c013e 57edebad5bb45cd28f4beec8c554081d |
| bitstream.checksumAlgorithm.fl_str_mv |
MD5 MD5 MD5 MD5 MD5 |
| repository.name.fl_str_mv |
Repositorio Institucional UTB |
| repository.mail.fl_str_mv |
repositorioutb@utb.edu.co |
| _version_ |
1814021593858310144 |
| spelling |
Montoya, Oscar Danilo9fa8a75a-58fa-436d-a6e2-d80f718a4ea8Giral-Ramírez, Diego Armandoa9612d05-bc90-49f9-94c7-20a0766e00f5Hernández, Jesus C.349b3120-388b-42be-8bea-32156f0dc09d2023-07-19T21:17:42Z2023-07-19T21:17:42Z20222023Montoya, O. D., Giral-Ramírez, D. A., & Hernández, J. C. (2022). Efficient integration of pv sources in distribution networks to reduce annual investment and operating costs using the modified arithmetic optimization algorithm. Electronics, 11(11), 1680.https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12585/1218710.3390/electronics11111680Universidad Tecnológica de BolívarRepositorio Universidad Tecnológica de BolívarThe optimal integration of photovoltaic generation systems is a challenge for distribution utilities since these devices have a direct impact on company finances due to the large amount of investment required at the beginning of the planning project. In this investigation, the problem re-garding the optimal siting and sizing of photovoltaic resources in medium-voltage levels is addressed from an economical point of view, where the optimization model that represents said problem corresponds to a mixed-integer nonlinear programming model. The maximum allowed size for single photovoltaic units in the distribution network is set at 2400 kW. The investment costs, energy purchase costs and maintenance costs for photovoltaic units, are considered in the objective function. Typical constraints such as power balance, generation capacities, voltage regulation, among others, are considered in the mathematical formulation. The solution of the optimization model is addressed by implementing a modified version of the Arithmetic Optimization Algorithm, which includes a new exploration and exploitation characteristic based on the best current solution in iteration t, i.e., xbestt. This improvement is based on a Gaussian distribution operator that generates new candidate solutions with the center at xbestt, which are uniformly distributed. The main contribution of this research is the proposal of a new hybrid optimization algorithm to solve the exact optimization model, which is based on a combination of the Arithmetic Optimization algorithm with the Vortex Search algorithm and showed excellent numerical results in the IEEE 34-bus grid. The analysis of quantitative results allows us to conclude that the strategy proposed in this work has a greater effectiveness with respect to the General Algebraic Modeling System software solvers, as well as with metaheuristic optimizers such as Genetic Algorithms, the Newton–Metaheuristic Algorithm, and the original Arithmetic Optimization Algorithm. MATLAB was used as a simulation tool. © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.14 páginasapplication/pdfenghttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessAttribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internacionalhttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Electronics (Switzerland)Efficient Integration of PV Sources in Distribution Networks to Reduce Annual Investment and Operating Costs Using the Modified Arithmetic Optimization Algorithminfo:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/drafthttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501http://purl.org/coar/version/c_b1a7d7d4d402bccehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1Placement;Active Distribution Network;Voltage StabilityCartagena de IndiasFernandez-Cerero, D., Fernandez-Montes, A., Jakobik, A. Limiting Global Warming by Improving Data-Centre Software (2020) IEEE Access, 8, art. no. 9024058, pp. 44048-44062. Cited 14 times. http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=6287639 doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2020.2978306Gielen, D., Boshell, F., Saygin, D., Bazilian, M.D., Wagner, N., Gorini, R. The role of renewable energy in the global energy transformation (2019) Energy Strategy Reviews, 24, pp. 38-50. Cited 1843 times. http://www.journals.elsevier.com/energy-strategy-reviews/ doi: 10.1016/j.esr.2019.01.006Hassan, Q. Optimisation of solar-hydrogen power system for household applications (Open Access) (2020) International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 45 (58), pp. 33111-33127. Cited 52 times. http://www.journals.elsevier.com/international-journal-of-hydrogen-energy/ doi: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2020.09.103Qazi, A., Hussain, F., Rahim, N.A.B.D., Hardaker, G., Alghazzawi, D., Shaban, K., Haruna, K. Towards Sustainable Energy: A Systematic Review of Renewable Energy Sources, Technologies, and Public Opinions (Open Access) (2019) IEEE Access, 7, art. no. 8721134, pp. 63837-63851. Cited 391 times. http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=6287639 doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2906402Tsantopoulos, G., Karasmanaki, E. Energy transition and climate change in decision-making processes (2021) Sustainability (Switzerland), 13 (23), art. no. 13404. Cited 2 times. https://www.mdpi.com//2071-1050/13/23/13404 doi: 10.3390/su132313404Timilsina, G.R. Are renewable energy technologies cost competitive for electricity generation? (Open Access) (2021) Renewable Energy, 180, pp. 658-672. Cited 42 times. http://www.journals.elsevier.com/renewable-and-sustainable-energy-reviews/ doi: 10.1016/j.renene.2021.08.088Hassan, Q. Evaluation and optimization of off-grid and on-grid photovoltaic power system for typical household electrification (2021) Renewable Energy, 164, pp. 375-390. Cited 62 times. http://www.journals.elsevier.com/renewable-and-sustainable-energy-reviews/ doi: 10.1016/j.renene.2020.09.008Mosbah, M., Khattara, A., Becherif, M., Arif, S. Optimal PV Location Choice Considering Static and Dynamic Constraints (Open Access) (2017) International Journal of Emerging Electric Power Systems, 18 (1), art. no. 20160141. Cited 14 times. www.degruyter.com/view/j/ijeeps doi: 10.1515/ijeeps-2016-0141Tarife, R., Nakanishi, Y., Chen, Y., Zhou, Y., Estoperez, N., Tahud, A. Optimization of Hybrid Renewable Energy Microgrid for Rural Agricultural Area in Southern Philippines (Open Access) (2022) Energies, 15 (6), art. no. 2251. Cited 13 times. https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/15/6/2251/pdfMicallef, A., Staines, C.S., Cassar, A. Utility-Scale Storage Integration in the Maltese Medium-Voltage Distribution Network (2022) Energies, 15 (8), art. no. 2724. Cited 4 times. https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/15/8/2724/pdf doi: 10.3390/en15082724Jaszczur, M., Hassan, Q., Palej, P., Abdulateef, J. Multi-Objective optimisation of a micro-grid hybrid power system for household application (2020) Energy, 202, art. no. 117738. Cited 56 times. https://www.journals.elsevier.com/energy doi: 10.1016/j.energy.2020.117738López, A.R., Krumm, A., Schattenhofer, L., Burandt, T., Montoya, F.C., Oberländer, N., Oei, P.-Y. Solar PV generation in Colombia - A qualitative and quantitative approach to analyze the potential of solar energy market (Open Access) (2020) Renewable Energy, 148, pp. 1266-1279. Cited 46 times. http://www.journals.elsevier.com/renewable-and-sustainable-energy-reviews/ doi: 10.1016/j.renene.2019.10.066Arenas, J.G., Hendrick, P., Henneaux, P. Optimisation of Integrated Systems: The Potential of Power and Residential Heat Sectors Coupling in Decarbonisation Strategies (2022) Energies, 15 (7), art. no. 2638. Cited 4 times. https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/15/7/2638/pdf doi: 10.3390/en15072638Hraiz, M.D., García, J.A.M., Jiménez Castañeda, R., Muhsen, H. Optimal PV Size and Location to Reduce Active Power Losses while Achieving Very High Penetration Level with Improvement in Voltage Profile Using Modified Jaya Algorithm (Open Access) (2020) IEEE Journal of Photovoltaics, 10 (4), art. no. 9105113, pp. 1166-1174. Cited 20 times. https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=5503869 doi: 10.1109/JPHOTOV.2020.2995580Ivanov, O., Neagu, B.-C., Grigoras, G., Scarlatache, F., Gavrilas, M. A metaheuristic algorithm for flexible energy storage management in residential electricity distribution grids (2021) Mathematics, 9 (19), art. no. 2375. Cited 9 times. https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7390/9/19/2375/pdf doi: 10.3390/math9192375Montoya, O.D., Grisales-Noreña, L.F., Perea-Moreno, A.-J. Optimal investments in PV sources for grid-connected distribution networks: An application of the discrete–continuous genetic algorithm (Open Access) (2021) Sustainability (Switzerland), 13 (24), art. no. 13633. Cited 16 times. https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/24/13633/pdf doi: 10.3390/su132413633Montoya, O.D., Grisales-Noreña, L.F., Alvarado-Barrios, L., Arias-Londoño, A., Álvarez-Arroyo, C. Efficient reduction in the annual investment costs in ac distribution networks via optimal integration of solar pv sources using the newton metaheuristic algorithm (Open Access) (2021) Applied Sciences (Switzerland), 11 (23), art. no. 11525. Cited 12 times. https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/11/23/11525/pdf doi: 10.3390/app112311525Wicaksana, M.G.S., Putranto, L.M., Waskito, F., Yasirroni, M. Optimal Placement and Sizing of PV as DG for Losses Minimization Using PSO Algorithm: A Case in Purworejo Area (Open Access) (2020) Proceeding - 2020 International Conference on Sustainable Energy Engineering and Application: Sustainable Energy and Transportation: Towards All-Renewable Future, ICSEEA 2020, art. no. 9306134, pp. 102-107. Cited 6 times. http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/mostRecentIssue.jsp?punumber=9305998 ISBN: 978-172818849-2 doi: 10.1109/ICSEEA50711.2020.9306134Paz-Rodríguez, A., Castro-Ordoñez, J.F., Montoya, O.D., Giral-Ramírez, D.A. Optimal integration of photovoltaic sources in distribution networks for daily energy losses minimization using the vortex search algorithm (Open Access) (2021) Applied Sciences (Switzerland), 11 (10), art. no. 4418. Cited 14 times. https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/11/10/4418/pdf doi: 10.3390/app11104418Kamaruzzaman, Z.A., Mohamed, A., Mohamed, R. Optimal placement of grid-connected photovoltaic generators in a power system for voltage stability enhancement (Open Access) (2019) Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 13 (1), pp. 339-346. Cited 9 times. http://www.iaescore.com/journals/index.php/IJEECS/article/download/13551/10301 doi: 10.11591/ijeecs.v13.i1.pp339-346Prenc, R., Škrlec, D., Komen, V. Optimal PV system placement in a distribution network on the basis of daily power consumption and production fluctuation (2013) IEEE EuroCon 2013, art. no. 6625071, pp. 777-783. Cited 17 times. ISBN: 978-146732232-4 doi: 10.1109/EUROCON.2013.6625071Guan, W., Guo, N., Yu, C., Chen, X., Yu, H., Liu, Z., Cui, J. Optimal placement and sizing of wind / solar based DG sources in distribution system (Open Access) (2017) IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 207 (1), art. no. 012096. Cited 11 times. http://www.iop.org/EJ/journal/mse doi: 10.1088/1757-899X/207/1/012096Bawazir, R.O., Cetin, N.S. Comprehensive overview of optimizing PV-DG allocation in power system and solar energy resource potential assessments (2020) Energy Reports, 6, pp. 173-208. Cited 63 times. http://www.journals.elsevier.com/energy-reports/ doi: 10.1016/j.egyr.2019.12.010Abualigah, L., Diabat, A., Mirjalili, S., Abd Elaziz, M., Gandomi, A.H. The Arithmetic Optimization Algorithm (Open Access) (2021) Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, 376, art. no. 113609. Cited 1114 times. http://www.journals.elsevier.com/computer-methods-in-applied-mechanics-and-engineering/http://www.journals.elsevier.com/computer-methods-in-applied-mechanics-and-engineering/ doi: 10.1016/j.cma.2020.113609Gallego-Pareja, L.A., Lopez-Lezama, J.M., Gomez-Carmona, O. Optimal Placement of Capacitors, Voltage Regulators, and Distributed Generators in Electric Power Distribution Systems (2020) Ingeniería, 25, pp. 334-354. Cited 9 times. [CrossRef]Montoya, O.D. Notes on the Dimension of the Solution Space in Typical Electrical Engineering Optimization Problems (2022) Ingeniería, 27, p. e19310. Cited 8 times. [CrossRef]Yenchamchalit, K., Kongjeen, Y., Prabpal, P., Bhumkittipich, K. Optimal placement of distributed photovoltaic systems and electric vehicle charging stations using metaheuristic optimization techniques (Open Access) (2021) Symmetry, 13 (12), art. no. 2378. Cited 8 times. https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/13/12/2378/pdf doi: 10.3390/sym13122378Montoya, O.D., Gil-González, W. On the numerical analysis based on successive approximations for power flow problems in AC distribution systems (Open Access) (2020) Electric Power Systems Research, 187, art. no. 106454. Cited 39 times. https://www.journals.elsevier.com/electric-power-systems-research doi: 10.1016/j.epsr.2020.106454Montoya, O.D., Grisales-Noreña, L.F., Giral-Ramírez, D.A. Optimal Placement and Sizing of PV Sources in Distribution Grids Using a Modified Gradient-Based Metaheuristic Optimizer (Open Access) (2022) Sustainability (Switzerland), 14 (6), art. no. 3318. Cited 9 times. https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/14/6/3318/pdf doi: 10.3390/su14063318Shen, T., Li, Y., Xiang, J. A graph-based power flow method for balanced distribution systems (Open Access) (2018) Energies, 11 (3), art. no. 511. Cited 58 times. http://www.mdpi.com/journal/energies/ doi: 10.3390/en11030511Sahin, O., Akay, B. Comparisons of metaheuristic algorithms and fitness functions on software test data generation (Open Access) (2016) Applied Soft Computing Journal, 49, pp. 1202-1214. Cited 56 times. http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/621920/description#description doi: 10.1016/j.asoc.2016.09.045Doʇan, B., Ölmez, T. A new metaheuristic for numerical function optimization: Vortex Search algorithm (2015) Information Sciences, 293, pp. 125-145. Cited 242 times. http://www.journals.elsevier.com/information-sciences/ doi: 10.1016/j.ins.2014.08.053Wang, P., Wang, W., Xu, D. Optimal sizing of distributed generations in DC microgrids with comprehensive consideration of system operation modes and operation targets (2018) IEEE Access, 6, pp. 31129-31140. Cited 52 times. http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/RecentIssue.jsp?punumber=6287639 doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2018.2842119Grisales-Noreña, L.F., Montoya, O.D., Ramos-Paja, C.A. An energy management system for optimal operation of BSS in DC distributed generation environments based on a parallel PSO algorithm (Open Access) (2020) Journal of Energy Storage, 29, art. no. 101488. Cited 58 times. http://www.journals.elsevier.com/journal-of-energy-storage/ doi: 10.1016/j.est.2020.101488http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501ORIGINALelectronics-11-01680 (1).pdfelectronics-11-01680 (1).pdfapplication/pdf366168https://repositorio.utb.edu.co/bitstream/20.500.12585/12187/1/electronics-11-01680%20%281%29.pdf766a90a96122181e09d1cf0d26b8f281MD51CC-LICENSElicense_rdflicense_rdfapplication/rdf+xml; charset=utf-8805https://repositorio.utb.edu.co/bitstream/20.500.12585/12187/2/license_rdf4460e5956bc1d1639be9ae6146a50347MD52LICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-83182https://repositorio.utb.edu.co/bitstream/20.500.12585/12187/3/license.txte20ad307a1c5f3f25af9304a7a7c86b6MD53TEXTelectronics-11-01680 (1).pdf.txtelectronics-11-01680 (1).pdf.txtExtracted texttext/plain44633https://repositorio.utb.edu.co/bitstream/20.500.12585/12187/4/electronics-11-01680%20%281%29.pdf.txt494fa2f68f7edb3e1c84cff6304c013eMD54THUMBNAILelectronics-11-01680 (1).pdf.jpgelectronics-11-01680 (1).pdf.jpgGenerated Thumbnailimage/jpeg8025https://repositorio.utb.edu.co/bitstream/20.500.12585/12187/5/electronics-11-01680%20%281%29.pdf.jpg57edebad5bb45cd28f4beec8c554081dMD5520.500.12585/12187oai:repositorio.utb.edu.co:20.500.12585/121872023-07-20 00:17:39.486Repositorio Institucional UTBrepositorioutb@utb.edu.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 |