Optimization of combustion characteristics on a diesel engine fueled by Mahua biodiesel with dispersion of graphene oxide and zinc oxide nanoparticles as additives using design of experiment

The current research investigates the effects of adding metallic graphene oxide (GO) and non-metallic zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles to Mahua biodiesel blend (B20) on the combustion parameters of a diesel engine. GO and ZnO nanoparticles were utilized at a concentration of 75 mg/L, combined with a 1...

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Autores:
P srinivas reddy
M.V. Krishna Mohan
Varaha Siva Prasad Vanthala
M. Balaji
Tipo de recurso:
Article of journal
Fecha de publicación:
2024
Institución:
Universidad Tecnológica de Bolívar
Repositorio:
Repositorio Institucional UTB
Idioma:
eng
OAI Identifier:
oai:repositorio.utb.edu.co:20.500.12585/13554
Acceso en línea:
https://doi.org/10.32397/tesea.vol5.n2.642
Palabra clave:
Biodiesel
Combustion
CHRR
MFB
Rate of pressure rise
Rights
openAccess
License
P srinivas reddy, M.V. Krishna Mohan, Varaha Siva Prasad Vanthala, M. Balaji - 2024
id UTB2_46a44192c4a085761ff94982b10386e1
oai_identifier_str oai:repositorio.utb.edu.co:20.500.12585/13554
network_acronym_str UTB2
network_name_str Repositorio Institucional UTB
repository_id_str
dc.title.spa.fl_str_mv Optimization of combustion characteristics on a diesel engine fueled by Mahua biodiesel with dispersion of graphene oxide and zinc oxide nanoparticles as additives using design of experiment
dc.title.translated.spa.fl_str_mv Optimization of combustion characteristics on a diesel engine fueled by Mahua biodiesel with dispersion of graphene oxide and zinc oxide nanoparticles as additives using design of experiment
title Optimization of combustion characteristics on a diesel engine fueled by Mahua biodiesel with dispersion of graphene oxide and zinc oxide nanoparticles as additives using design of experiment
spellingShingle Optimization of combustion characteristics on a diesel engine fueled by Mahua biodiesel with dispersion of graphene oxide and zinc oxide nanoparticles as additives using design of experiment
Biodiesel
Combustion
CHRR
MFB
Rate of pressure rise
title_short Optimization of combustion characteristics on a diesel engine fueled by Mahua biodiesel with dispersion of graphene oxide and zinc oxide nanoparticles as additives using design of experiment
title_full Optimization of combustion characteristics on a diesel engine fueled by Mahua biodiesel with dispersion of graphene oxide and zinc oxide nanoparticles as additives using design of experiment
title_fullStr Optimization of combustion characteristics on a diesel engine fueled by Mahua biodiesel with dispersion of graphene oxide and zinc oxide nanoparticles as additives using design of experiment
title_full_unstemmed Optimization of combustion characteristics on a diesel engine fueled by Mahua biodiesel with dispersion of graphene oxide and zinc oxide nanoparticles as additives using design of experiment
title_sort Optimization of combustion characteristics on a diesel engine fueled by Mahua biodiesel with dispersion of graphene oxide and zinc oxide nanoparticles as additives using design of experiment
dc.creator.fl_str_mv P srinivas reddy
M.V. Krishna Mohan
Varaha Siva Prasad Vanthala
M. Balaji
dc.contributor.author.eng.fl_str_mv P srinivas reddy
M.V. Krishna Mohan
Varaha Siva Prasad Vanthala
M. Balaji
dc.subject.eng.fl_str_mv Biodiesel
Combustion
CHRR
MFB
Rate of pressure rise
topic Biodiesel
Combustion
CHRR
MFB
Rate of pressure rise
description The current research investigates the effects of adding metallic graphene oxide (GO) and non-metallic zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles to Mahua biodiesel blend (B20) on the combustion parameters of a diesel engine. GO and ZnO nanoparticles were utilized at a concentration of 75 mg/L, combined with a 1:1 mixture of the surfactant CTAB and the dispersant TWEEN 80. When nanoparticles were introduced to blended biofuel, combustion parameters such as cumulative heart rate, mean gas temperature, mass percent burnt, and rise of pressure increase (RoPR) greatly improved at higher injection pressures. When compared to clean diesel, utilizing B20+ZnO Nanoparticles+ NIS dispersant at 250 bar resulted in 6%, 15%, 7%, and 7.6% improvements in CHRR, MGT, MFB, and RoPR, respectively. The correlation coefficient (R2) for B20+ZnO NPs+ NIS (1:1) for CHRR, MGT, MFB and RoPR is 0.975, 0.978, 0.966 and 0.9883 when compared to GO nanoparticle inclusions, considering it as optimum combination and an efficient fuel. When compared to other fuel samples, the CHRR, MGT, MFB and RoPR for B20+ZnO NPs+ NIS are 2.484%, 3.2%, 2.6% and 1.25% higher, respectively, according to a statistical analysis conducted by design expert.
publishDate 2024
dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv 2024-12-24 00:00:00
dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv 2024-12-24 00:00:00
dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv 2024-12-24
dc.type.spa.fl_str_mv Artículo de revista
dc.type.coar.fl_str_mv http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1
dc.type.driver.eng.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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dc.type.local.eng.fl_str_mv Journal article
dc.type.content.eng.fl_str_mv Text
dc.type.version.eng.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
dc.type.coarversion.eng.fl_str_mv http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85
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dc.identifier.url.none.fl_str_mv https://doi.org/10.32397/tesea.vol5.n2.642
dc.identifier.doi.none.fl_str_mv 10.32397/tesea.vol5.n2.642
dc.identifier.eissn.none.fl_str_mv 2745-0120
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identifier_str_mv 10.32397/tesea.vol5.n2.642
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dc.language.iso.eng.fl_str_mv eng
language eng
dc.relation.references.eng.fl_str_mv M. S. Gad, M. M. Abdel Aziz, and H. Kayed, “Impact of different nano additives on performance, combustion, emissions and exergetic analysis of a diesel engine using waste cooking oil biodiesel,” Propuls. Power Res., vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 209–223, Jun. 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.jppr.2022.04.004. [2] V. Saxena, N. Kumar, and V. K. Saxena, “A comprehensive review on combustion and stability aspects of metal nanoparticles and its additive effect on diesel and biodiesel fuelled C.I. engine,” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 70. Elsevier Ltd, pp. 563–588, Apr. 01, 2017. doi: 10.1016/j.rser.2016.11.067. [3] C. Chinnasamy, P. Tamilselvam, and R. Ranjith, “Influence of aluminum oxide nanoparticle with different particle sizes on the working attributes of diesel engine fueled with blends of diesel and waste plastic oil,” Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res., vol. 26, no. 29, pp. 29962–29977, Oct. 2019, doi: 10.1007/s11356-019-06139-1. [4] S. Vellaiyan, “Enhancement in combustion, performance, and emission characteristics of a biodiesel-fueled diesel engine by using water emulsion and nanoadditive,” Renew. Energy, vol. 145, pp. 2108–2120, Jan. 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.renene.2019.07.140. [5] A. Tamilvanan, K. Balamurugan, and M. Vijayakumar, “Effects of nano-copper additive on performance, combustion and emission characteristics of Calophyllum inophyllum biodiesel in CI engine,” J. Therm. Anal. Calorim., vol. 136, no. 1, pp. 317–330, Apr. 2019, doi: 10.1007/s10973-018-7743-4. [6] N. Kumar and H. Raheman, “Combustion, performance, and emission characteristics of diesel engine with nanocera added water emulsified Mahua biodiesel blend,” Environ. Prog. Sustain. Energy, vol. 40, no. 4, Jul. 2021, doi: 10.1002/ep.13572. [7] H. Venu, V. D. Raju, and L. Subramani, “Combined effect of influence of nano additives, combustion chamber geometry and injection timing in a DI diesel engine fuelled with ternary (diesel-biodiesel-ethanol) blends,” Energy, vol. 174, pp. 386–406, May 2019, doi: 10.1016/j.energy.2019.02.163. [8] P. K. Nutakki, S. K. Gugulothu, J. Ramachander, and M. Sivasurya, “Effect Of n-amyl alcohol/biodiesel blended nano additives on the performance, combustion and emission characteristics of CRDi diesel engine,” Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res., vol. 29, no. 1, pp. 82–97, Jan. 2022, doi: 10.1007/s11356-021-13165-5. [9] A. Anbarasu and A. Karthikeyan, “Performance and Emission Characteristics of a Diesel Engine Using Cerium Oxide Nanoparticle Blended Biodiesel Emulsion Fuel,” J. Energy Eng., vol. 142, no. 1, Mar. 2016, doi: 10.1061/(asce)ey.1943-7897.0000270. [10] N. P. Kishore and S. K. Gugulothu, “Effect of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Blended Concentration on Performance, Combustion and Emission Characteristics of CRDI Diesel Engine running on Mahua Methyl Ester Biodiesel,” J. Inst. Eng. Ser. C, vol. 103, no. 2, pp. 167–180, Apr. 2022, doi: 10.1007/s40032-021-00750-3. [11] M. E. M. Soudagar, N. N. Nik-Ghazali, M. Abul Kalam, I. A. Badruddin, N. R. Banapurmath, and N. Akram, “The effect of nano-additives in diesel-biodiesel fuel blends: A comprehensive review on stability, engine performance and emission characteristics,” Energy Conversion and Management, vol. 178. Elsevier Ltd, pp. 146–177, Dec. 15, 2018. doi: 10.1016/j.enconman.2018.10.019. [12] J. N. Nair, P. R. Samhita, A. Sagiraju, and P. P. Kumar, “Advancements in performance and emission characteristics of diesel engine using nano additives blended diesel and biodiesel: A contemplative review,” in AIP Conference Proceedings, American Institute of Physics Inc., Jul. 2021. doi: 10.1063/5.0058514. [13] S. S. Kumar et al., “Combustion, performance, and emission behaviors of biodiesel fueled diesel engine with the impact of alumina nanoparticle as an additive,” Sustain., vol. 13, no. 21, Nov. 2021, doi: 10.3390/su132112103. [14] V. Praveena, M. L. J. Martin, and V. E. Geo, “Experimental characterization of CI engine performance, combustion and emission parameters using various metal oxide nanoemulsion of grapeseed oil methyl ester,” J. Therm. Anal. Calorim., vol. 139, no. 6, pp. 3441–3456, Mar. 2020, doi: 10.1007/s10973-019-08722-7. [15] A. Athimoolam and S. Ramakrishnapillai, “Performance, combustion, and emission characteristics of direct injection diesel engine fueled with ZnO dispersed canola oil biodiesel,” Adv. Environ. Technol., vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 159–168, May 2022, doi: 10.22104/AET.2022.5629.1530. [16] S. S. Padmanaba Sundar and P. Vijayabalan, “Pyrolysis of disposed plastic food containers and its potential in diesel engine by doping with nano particle at optimum injection timing,” Sustain. Energy Technol. Assessments, vol. 47, Oct. 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.seta.2021.101537. [17] S. R. Pala, V. S. P. Vanthala, and J. Sagari, “Influence of dispersant and surfactant added graphene oxide nanoparticles on Mahua biodiesel blend: stability and physicochemical properties approach,” Emergent Mater., vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 889–897, Jun. 2023, doi: 10.1007/s42247-023-00483-2. [18] V. S. P. V. Srinivasa Reddy Pala and J. Sagari, “The effect of metallic and nonmetallic oxide nanoparticles dispersed Mahua biodiesel on diesel engine performance and emission characteristics,” Pet. Sci. Technol., vol. 0, no. 0, pp. 1–18, 2023, doi: 10.1080/10916466.2023.2190778. [19] V. S. P. V. Srinivasa Reddy Pala and J. Sagari, “Influence of graphene oxide nanoparticles dispersed mahua oil biodiesel on diesel engine: performance, combustion, and emission study,” Biofuels, vol. 14, no. 10, pp. 1027–1036, 2023, doi: 10.1080/17597269.2023.2206696. [20] H. Venu and V. Madhavan, “Influence of diethyl ether (DEE) addition in ethanol-biodiesel-diesel (EBD) and methanol-biodiesel-diesel (MBD) blends in a diesel engine,” Fuel, vol. 189, pp. 377–390, Feb. 2017, doi: 10.1016/j.fuel.2016.10.101. [21] A. V. Mehta and N. S. Mehta, “Production, characterisation, comparison, and performance of algae biodiesel as an eco-friendly fuel,” Int. J. Renew. Energy Technol., vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 177–200, 2021, doi: 10.1504/IJRET.2021.115283. [22] K. Sivaramakrishnan and P. Ravikumar, “Optimization of operational parameters on performance and emissions of a diesel engine using biodiesel,” Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol., vol. 11, no. 4, pp. 949–958, 2014, doi: 10.1007/s13762-013-0273-5.
dc.relation.ispartofjournal.eng.fl_str_mv Transactions on Energy Systems and Engineering Applications
dc.relation.citationvolume.eng.fl_str_mv 5
dc.relation.citationstartpage.none.fl_str_mv 1
dc.relation.citationendpage.none.fl_str_mv 15
dc.relation.bitstream.none.fl_str_mv https://revistas.utb.edu.co/tesea/article/download/642/402
dc.relation.citationedition.eng.fl_str_mv Núm. 2 , Año 2024 : Transactions on Energy Systems and Engineering Applications
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dc.rights.eng.fl_str_mv P srinivas reddy, M.V. Krishna Mohan, Varaha Siva Prasad Vanthala, M. Balaji - 2024
dc.rights.uri.eng.fl_str_mv https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
dc.rights.accessrights.eng.fl_str_mv info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.rights.creativecommons.eng.fl_str_mv This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
dc.rights.coar.eng.fl_str_mv http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
rights_invalid_str_mv P srinivas reddy, M.V. Krishna Mohan, Varaha Siva Prasad Vanthala, M. Balaji - 2024
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
eu_rights_str_mv openAccess
dc.format.mimetype.eng.fl_str_mv application/pdf
dc.publisher.eng.fl_str_mv Universidad Tecnológica de Bolívar
dc.source.eng.fl_str_mv https://revistas.utb.edu.co/tesea/article/view/642
institution Universidad Tecnológica de Bolívar
repository.name.fl_str_mv Repositorio Digital Universidad Tecnológica de Bolívar
repository.mail.fl_str_mv bdigital@metabiblioteca.com
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spelling P srinivas reddyM.V. Krishna MohanVaraha Siva Prasad VanthalaM. Balaji2024-12-24 00:00:002024-12-24 00:00:002024-12-24The current research investigates the effects of adding metallic graphene oxide (GO) and non-metallic zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles to Mahua biodiesel blend (B20) on the combustion parameters of a diesel engine. GO and ZnO nanoparticles were utilized at a concentration of 75 mg/L, combined with a 1:1 mixture of the surfactant CTAB and the dispersant TWEEN 80. When nanoparticles were introduced to blended biofuel, combustion parameters such as cumulative heart rate, mean gas temperature, mass percent burnt, and rise of pressure increase (RoPR) greatly improved at higher injection pressures. When compared to clean diesel, utilizing B20+ZnO Nanoparticles+ NIS dispersant at 250 bar resulted in 6%, 15%, 7%, and 7.6% improvements in CHRR, MGT, MFB, and RoPR, respectively. The correlation coefficient (R2) for B20+ZnO NPs+ NIS (1:1) for CHRR, MGT, MFB and RoPR is 0.975, 0.978, 0.966 and 0.9883 when compared to GO nanoparticle inclusions, considering it as optimum combination and an efficient fuel. When compared to other fuel samples, the CHRR, MGT, MFB and RoPR for B20+ZnO NPs+ NIS are 2.484%, 3.2%, 2.6% and 1.25% higher, respectively, according to a statistical analysis conducted by design expert.application/pdfengUniversidad Tecnológica de BolívarP srinivas reddy, M.V. Krishna Mohan, Varaha Siva Prasad Vanthala, M. Balaji - 2024https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessThis work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2https://revistas.utb.edu.co/tesea/article/view/642BiodieselCombustionCHRRMFBRate of pressure riseOptimization of combustion characteristics on a diesel engine fueled by Mahua biodiesel with dispersion of graphene oxide and zinc oxide nanoparticles as additives using design of experimentOptimization of combustion characteristics on a diesel engine fueled by Mahua biodiesel with dispersion of graphene oxide and zinc oxide nanoparticles as additives using design of experimentArtículo de revistainfo:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1Journal articleTextinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85https://doi.org/10.32397/tesea.vol5.n2.64210.32397/tesea.vol5.n2.6422745-0120M. S. Gad, M. M. Abdel Aziz, and H. Kayed, “Impact of different nano additives on performance, combustion, emissions and exergetic analysis of a diesel engine using waste cooking oil biodiesel,” Propuls. Power Res., vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 209–223, Jun. 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.jppr.2022.04.004. [2] V. Saxena, N. Kumar, and V. K. Saxena, “A comprehensive review on combustion and stability aspects of metal nanoparticles and its additive effect on diesel and biodiesel fuelled C.I. engine,” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol. 70. Elsevier Ltd, pp. 563–588, Apr. 01, 2017. doi: 10.1016/j.rser.2016.11.067. [3] C. Chinnasamy, P. Tamilselvam, and R. Ranjith, “Influence of aluminum oxide nanoparticle with different particle sizes on the working attributes of diesel engine fueled with blends of diesel and waste plastic oil,” Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res., vol. 26, no. 29, pp. 29962–29977, Oct. 2019, doi: 10.1007/s11356-019-06139-1. [4] S. Vellaiyan, “Enhancement in combustion, performance, and emission characteristics of a biodiesel-fueled diesel engine by using water emulsion and nanoadditive,” Renew. Energy, vol. 145, pp. 2108–2120, Jan. 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.renene.2019.07.140. [5] A. Tamilvanan, K. Balamurugan, and M. Vijayakumar, “Effects of nano-copper additive on performance, combustion and emission characteristics of Calophyllum inophyllum biodiesel in CI engine,” J. Therm. Anal. Calorim., vol. 136, no. 1, pp. 317–330, Apr. 2019, doi: 10.1007/s10973-018-7743-4. [6] N. Kumar and H. Raheman, “Combustion, performance, and emission characteristics of diesel engine with nanocera added water emulsified Mahua biodiesel blend,” Environ. Prog. Sustain. Energy, vol. 40, no. 4, Jul. 2021, doi: 10.1002/ep.13572. [7] H. Venu, V. D. Raju, and L. Subramani, “Combined effect of influence of nano additives, combustion chamber geometry and injection timing in a DI diesel engine fuelled with ternary (diesel-biodiesel-ethanol) blends,” Energy, vol. 174, pp. 386–406, May 2019, doi: 10.1016/j.energy.2019.02.163. [8] P. K. Nutakki, S. K. Gugulothu, J. Ramachander, and M. Sivasurya, “Effect Of n-amyl alcohol/biodiesel blended nano additives on the performance, combustion and emission characteristics of CRDi diesel engine,” Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res., vol. 29, no. 1, pp. 82–97, Jan. 2022, doi: 10.1007/s11356-021-13165-5. [9] A. Anbarasu and A. Karthikeyan, “Performance and Emission Characteristics of a Diesel Engine Using Cerium Oxide Nanoparticle Blended Biodiesel Emulsion Fuel,” J. Energy Eng., vol. 142, no. 1, Mar. 2016, doi: 10.1061/(asce)ey.1943-7897.0000270. [10] N. P. Kishore and S. K. Gugulothu, “Effect of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Blended Concentration on Performance, Combustion and Emission Characteristics of CRDI Diesel Engine running on Mahua Methyl Ester Biodiesel,” J. Inst. Eng. Ser. C, vol. 103, no. 2, pp. 167–180, Apr. 2022, doi: 10.1007/s40032-021-00750-3. [11] M. E. M. Soudagar, N. N. Nik-Ghazali, M. Abul Kalam, I. A. Badruddin, N. R. Banapurmath, and N. Akram, “The effect of nano-additives in diesel-biodiesel fuel blends: A comprehensive review on stability, engine performance and emission characteristics,” Energy Conversion and Management, vol. 178. Elsevier Ltd, pp. 146–177, Dec. 15, 2018. doi: 10.1016/j.enconman.2018.10.019. [12] J. N. Nair, P. R. Samhita, A. Sagiraju, and P. P. Kumar, “Advancements in performance and emission characteristics of diesel engine using nano additives blended diesel and biodiesel: A contemplative review,” in AIP Conference Proceedings, American Institute of Physics Inc., Jul. 2021. doi: 10.1063/5.0058514. [13] S. S. Kumar et al., “Combustion, performance, and emission behaviors of biodiesel fueled diesel engine with the impact of alumina nanoparticle as an additive,” Sustain., vol. 13, no. 21, Nov. 2021, doi: 10.3390/su132112103. [14] V. Praveena, M. L. J. Martin, and V. E. Geo, “Experimental characterization of CI engine performance, combustion and emission parameters using various metal oxide nanoemulsion of grapeseed oil methyl ester,” J. Therm. Anal. Calorim., vol. 139, no. 6, pp. 3441–3456, Mar. 2020, doi: 10.1007/s10973-019-08722-7. [15] A. Athimoolam and S. Ramakrishnapillai, “Performance, combustion, and emission characteristics of direct injection diesel engine fueled with ZnO dispersed canola oil biodiesel,” Adv. Environ. Technol., vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 159–168, May 2022, doi: 10.22104/AET.2022.5629.1530. [16] S. S. Padmanaba Sundar and P. Vijayabalan, “Pyrolysis of disposed plastic food containers and its potential in diesel engine by doping with nano particle at optimum injection timing,” Sustain. Energy Technol. Assessments, vol. 47, Oct. 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.seta.2021.101537. [17] S. R. Pala, V. S. P. Vanthala, and J. Sagari, “Influence of dispersant and surfactant added graphene oxide nanoparticles on Mahua biodiesel blend: stability and physicochemical properties approach,” Emergent Mater., vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 889–897, Jun. 2023, doi: 10.1007/s42247-023-00483-2. [18] V. S. P. V. Srinivasa Reddy Pala and J. Sagari, “The effect of metallic and nonmetallic oxide nanoparticles dispersed Mahua biodiesel on diesel engine performance and emission characteristics,” Pet. Sci. Technol., vol. 0, no. 0, pp. 1–18, 2023, doi: 10.1080/10916466.2023.2190778. [19] V. S. P. V. Srinivasa Reddy Pala and J. Sagari, “Influence of graphene oxide nanoparticles dispersed mahua oil biodiesel on diesel engine: performance, combustion, and emission study,” Biofuels, vol. 14, no. 10, pp. 1027–1036, 2023, doi: 10.1080/17597269.2023.2206696. [20] H. Venu and V. Madhavan, “Influence of diethyl ether (DEE) addition in ethanol-biodiesel-diesel (EBD) and methanol-biodiesel-diesel (MBD) blends in a diesel engine,” Fuel, vol. 189, pp. 377–390, Feb. 2017, doi: 10.1016/j.fuel.2016.10.101. [21] A. V. Mehta and N. S. Mehta, “Production, characterisation, comparison, and performance of algae biodiesel as an eco-friendly fuel,” Int. J. Renew. Energy Technol., vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 177–200, 2021, doi: 10.1504/IJRET.2021.115283. [22] K. Sivaramakrishnan and P. Ravikumar, “Optimization of operational parameters on performance and emissions of a diesel engine using biodiesel,” Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol., vol. 11, no. 4, pp. 949–958, 2014, doi: 10.1007/s13762-013-0273-5.Transactions on Energy Systems and Engineering Applications5115https://revistas.utb.edu.co/tesea/article/download/642/402Núm. 2 , Año 2024 : Transactions on Energy Systems and Engineering Applications220.500.12585/13554oai:repositorio.utb.edu.co:20.500.12585/135542025-09-16 09:15:16.051https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0P srinivas reddy, M.V. Krishna Mohan, Varaha Siva Prasad Vanthala, M. Balaji - 2024metadata.onlyhttps://repositorio.utb.edu.coRepositorio Digital Universidad Tecnológica de Bolívarbdigital@metabiblioteca.com

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