Low-intensity Politicide: Territorialized Extermination of the Partido Revolucionario de los Trabajadores (PRT) in the Colombian Caribbean, 1991-2005
Objective/Context: The following article analyzes the politicide of the Partido Revolucionario de los Trabajadores (PRT) after signing the peace agreement between this guerrilla group and the Colombian government in 1991. It shows how studies on genocides and politicides fall into an error that we c...
- Autores:
-
Mercado Vega, Armando José
- Tipo de recurso:
- Fecha de publicación:
- 2022
- Institución:
- Universidad Tecnológica de Bolívar
- Repositorio:
- Repositorio Institucional UTB
- Idioma:
- spa
- OAI Identifier:
- oai:repositorio.utb.edu.co:20.500.12585/12375
- Acceso en línea:
- https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12585/12375
- Palabra clave:
- Clientelism;
Democracy;
Intergovernmental Transfers
LEMB
- Rights
- openAccess
- License
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
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Low-intensity Politicide: Territorialized Extermination of the Partido Revolucionario de los Trabajadores (PRT) in the Colombian Caribbean, 1991-2005 |
| dc.title.alternative.spa.fl_str_mv |
Politicídio de baixa intensidade: extermínio territorializado do Partido Revolucionário dos Trabalhadores (PRT) no Caribe colombiano, 1991-2005] [Politicidio de baja intensidad: exterminio territorializado del Partido Revolucionario de los Trabajadores (PRT) en el Caribe colombiano, 1991-2005 |
| title |
Low-intensity Politicide: Territorialized Extermination of the Partido Revolucionario de los Trabajadores (PRT) in the Colombian Caribbean, 1991-2005 |
| spellingShingle |
Low-intensity Politicide: Territorialized Extermination of the Partido Revolucionario de los Trabajadores (PRT) in the Colombian Caribbean, 1991-2005 Clientelism; Democracy; Intergovernmental Transfers LEMB |
| title_short |
Low-intensity Politicide: Territorialized Extermination of the Partido Revolucionario de los Trabajadores (PRT) in the Colombian Caribbean, 1991-2005 |
| title_full |
Low-intensity Politicide: Territorialized Extermination of the Partido Revolucionario de los Trabajadores (PRT) in the Colombian Caribbean, 1991-2005 |
| title_fullStr |
Low-intensity Politicide: Territorialized Extermination of the Partido Revolucionario de los Trabajadores (PRT) in the Colombian Caribbean, 1991-2005 |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Low-intensity Politicide: Territorialized Extermination of the Partido Revolucionario de los Trabajadores (PRT) in the Colombian Caribbean, 1991-2005 |
| title_sort |
Low-intensity Politicide: Territorialized Extermination of the Partido Revolucionario de los Trabajadores (PRT) in the Colombian Caribbean, 1991-2005 |
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Mercado Vega, Armando José |
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Mercado Vega, Armando José |
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Clientelism; Democracy; Intergovernmental Transfers |
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Clientelism; Democracy; Intergovernmental Transfers LEMB |
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LEMB |
| description |
Objective/Context: The following article analyzes the politicide of the Partido Revolucionario de los Trabajadores (PRT) after signing the peace agreement between this guerrilla group and the Colombian government in 1991. It shows how studies on genocides and politicides fall into an error that we call “quantity bias” in this article since they only consider large-scale exterminations of political groups, leaving out the analysis of exterminations carried out in a more selective and localized manner. Based on a critical review of the specialized literature, the study constructs a typology of different forms of political assassinations, deriving from it the concept of low-intensity politicide, proposed as the most appropriate category of analysis for the case study of the PRT. Methodology: A case study based on a documentary review and semi-structured interviews with former members of the PRT, FARC-EP, and AUC. Conclusions: Among the main findings, it is evident how low-intensity politicides, such as the one that occurred with the PRT, are characterized by being executed mainly through individual selective violence, having a local/regional geographic scope and their main perpetrators tending to be paramilitary groups in alliance with local elites and State agents. Originality: The theoretical contribution of the study consists of proposing a new category, such as low-intensity politicide, for the analysis of other cases of political extermination. It is also the first academic research focused on the extermination of the PRT. © 2022 Universidad de los Andes, Bogota Colombia. All rights reserved. |
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2022 |
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2022 |
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2023-07-21T20:47:41Z |
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2023-07-21T20:47:41Z |
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2023 |
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info:eu-repo/semantics/draft |
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http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501 |
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draft |
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Mercado Vega, Armando José. 2022. «Politicidio De Baja Intensidad: Exterminio Territorializado Del Partido Revolucionario De Los Trabajadores (PRT) En El Caribe Colombiano, 1991-2005». Colombia Internacional, n.º 111 (julio):135-70. https://doi.org/10.7440/colombiaint111.2022.06. |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12585/12375 |
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10.7440/COLOMBIAINT111.2022.06 |
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Universidad Tecnológica de Bolívar |
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Repositorio Universidad Tecnológica de Bolívar |
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Mercado Vega, Armando José. 2022. «Politicidio De Baja Intensidad: Exterminio Territorializado Del Partido Revolucionario De Los Trabajadores (PRT) En El Caribe Colombiano, 1991-2005». Colombia Internacional, n.º 111 (julio):135-70. https://doi.org/10.7440/colombiaint111.2022.06. 10.7440/COLOMBIAINT111.2022.06 Universidad Tecnológica de Bolívar Repositorio Universidad Tecnológica de Bolívar |
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36 páginas |
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Colombia Internacional |
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Mercado Vega, Armando José5d995a0c-2f3e-4b47-8d83-110a368cc26c2023-07-21T20:47:41Z2023-07-21T20:47:41Z20222023Mercado Vega, Armando José. 2022. «Politicidio De Baja Intensidad: Exterminio Territorializado Del Partido Revolucionario De Los Trabajadores (PRT) En El Caribe Colombiano, 1991-2005». Colombia Internacional, n.º 111 (julio):135-70. https://doi.org/10.7440/colombiaint111.2022.06.https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12585/1237510.7440/COLOMBIAINT111.2022.06Universidad Tecnológica de BolívarRepositorio Universidad Tecnológica de BolívarObjective/Context: The following article analyzes the politicide of the Partido Revolucionario de los Trabajadores (PRT) after signing the peace agreement between this guerrilla group and the Colombian government in 1991. It shows how studies on genocides and politicides fall into an error that we call “quantity bias” in this article since they only consider large-scale exterminations of political groups, leaving out the analysis of exterminations carried out in a more selective and localized manner. Based on a critical review of the specialized literature, the study constructs a typology of different forms of political assassinations, deriving from it the concept of low-intensity politicide, proposed as the most appropriate category of analysis for the case study of the PRT. Methodology: A case study based on a documentary review and semi-structured interviews with former members of the PRT, FARC-EP, and AUC. Conclusions: Among the main findings, it is evident how low-intensity politicides, such as the one that occurred with the PRT, are characterized by being executed mainly through individual selective violence, having a local/regional geographic scope and their main perpetrators tending to be paramilitary groups in alliance with local elites and State agents. Originality: The theoretical contribution of the study consists of proposing a new category, such as low-intensity politicide, for the analysis of other cases of political extermination. It is also the first academic research focused on the extermination of the PRT. © 2022 Universidad de los Andes, Bogota Colombia. All rights reserved.36 páginasapplication/pdfspahttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessAttribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internacionalhttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Colombia InternacionalLow-intensity Politicide: Territorialized Extermination of the Partido Revolucionario de los Trabajadores (PRT) in the Colombian Caribbean, 1991-2005Politicídio de baixa intensidade: extermínio territorializado do Partido Revolucionário dos Trabalhadores (PRT) no Caribe colombiano, 1991-2005] [Politicidio de baja intensidad: exterminio territorializado del Partido Revolucionario de los Trabajadores (PRT) en el Caribe colombiano, 1991-2005info:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/drafthttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501http://purl.org/coar/version/c_b1a7d7d4d402bccehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1Clientelism;Democracy;Intergovernmental TransfersLEMBCartagena de IndiasAcemoglu, Daron, Robinson, James (2012) ¿Por qué fracasan los países?. Cited 103 times. Bogotá: DeustoÁvila, Ariel (2020) ¿Por qué los matan?. Cited 3 times. Bogotá: Editorial PlanetaChurchill, W. Genocide: Toward a Functional Definition (1986) Alternatives: Global, Local, Political, 11 (3), pp. 403-430. Cited 14 times. doi: 10.1177/030437548601100304(2020) Los Montes de María bajo fuego, voces de las víctimas de la violencia Corporación Opción Legal, Fucude (Fundación Cultura Democrática), Codhes (Consultoría para los Derechos Humanos y el Desplazamiento), GRMH-UTB (Grupo Regional de Memoria Histórica Universidad Tecnológica de Bolívar) y OPDS Montes de María (Mesa de Organizaciones de Población Desplazada de Los Montes de María María). Bogotá: Serie Contribuciones a la Verdaddella Porta, D. Clandestine political violence (2011) Clandestine Political Violence, pp. 1-326. Cited 215 times. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139043144 ISBN: 978-113904314-4; 978-052119574-4 doi: 10.1017/CBO9781139043144Eisenstadt, T.A. Courting democracy in Mexico: Party strategies and electoral institutions (2003) Courting Democracy in Mexico: Party Strategies and Electoral Institutions, pp. 1-371. Cited 125 times. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511490910 ISBN: 978-051149091-0; 0521820014; 978-052182001-1 doi: 10.1017/CBO9780511490910Gibson, E.L. Boundary control: Subnational authoritarianism in democratic countries (2007) Desarrollo Economico, 47 (186), pp. 163-191. Cited 8 times.Giraudy, A., Moncada, E., Snyder, R. Subnational analysis: Theoretical and methodological contributions to comparative politics (2021) Revista de Ciencia Politica, 41 (1), pp. 1-34. Cited 4 times. http://www.scielo.cl/pdf/revcipol/v41n1/0718-090X-revcipol-S0718-090X2021005000107.pdf doi: 10.4067/S0718-090X2021005000107Goldhagen, Daniel (2010) Peor que la guerra. Genocidio, eliminacionismo y la continua agresión contra la humanidad. Cited 4 times. Madrid: TaurusGonzález, Eduardo (2002) La violencia en la política. Perspectivas teóricas sobre el empleo deliberado de la fuerza en los conflictos de poder. Cited 18 times. Madrid: CSICGonzález, Fernán, Quiroga, Diego, Ospina-Posse, Támara, Aponte, Andrés Felipe, Barrera, Víctor, Porras, Eduardo (2014) Territorio y conflicto en la costa caribe colombiana. Cited 15 times. Bogotá: OdecofiSanín, F.G., Wood, E.J. Ideology in civil war: Instrumental adoption and beyond (2014) Journal of Peace Research, 51 (2), pp. 213-226. Cited 210 times. doi: 10.1177/0022343313514073Gutiérrez Sanín, Francisco, Wood, Elizabeth Cómo debemos entender el concepto de 'patrón de violencia': repertorio, objetivo, frecuencia y técnica (2019) Revista Estudios Sociojurídicos, 22 (1), pp. 13-65. Cited 2 times. https://doi.org/10.12804/revistas.urosario.edu.co/sociojuridicos/a.8211Harff, Barbara, Gurr, Ted Robert Toward Empirical Theory of Genocides and Politicides: Identification and Measurement of Cases since 1945 (1988) International Studies Quarterly, 32 (3), pp. 359-371. Cited 223 times. https://doi.org/10.2307/2600447Kalyvas, Stathis Nuevas y viejas guerras civiles: ¿una distinción válida? (2005) Acción política no-violenta, una opción para Colombia, pp. 51-77. Cited 2 times. En compilado por Fredy Cante y Luisa Ortiz, Bogotá: Centro Editorial Universidad del RosarioMercado Vega, Armando Contrarreforma agraria y conflicto armado: abandono y despojo de tierras en los Montes de María, 1996-2016 (2016) Economía & Región, 11 (2), pp. 197-248. Cited 4 times.Mercado Vega, Armando ¿Posconflicto electoral? Nuevos y viejos riesgos electorales en zonas de transición: el caso de los Montes de María (2018) En Mapas y factores de riesgo electoral. Elecciones nacionales Colombia 2018, pp. 349-364. Bogotá: Misión de Observación ElectoralMercado Vega, Armando Elecciones locales en Montes de María, 2019: riesgo electoral persistente y violencia política de baja intensidad (2019) En Mapas y factores de riesgo electoral Elecciones de autoridades locales Colombia 2019, pp. 419-439. Bogotá: Misión de Observación ElectoralRampf, David, Castillo, David, Llano, Marcela (2014) La historia no contada del Partido Revolucionario de los Trabajadores: un análisis de la transición del PRT de un partido clandestino a un actor de la política legal Bogotá: Berghof Foundation Operations GmbH; Cinep/PPPReyes, Alejandro (2009) Guerreros y campesinos. El despojo de la tierra en Colombia. Cited 127 times. Bogotá: Editorial NormaSnyder, R. Scale reduction: A comparative method of subnational units (2009) Desarrollo Economico, 49 (194), pp. 287-306. Cited 6 times.Straus, S. Contested meanings and conflicting imperatives: A conceptual analysis of genocide (2001) Journal of Genocide Research, 3 (3), pp. 349-375. Cited 82 times. https://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=cjgr20 doi: 10.1080/14623520120097189Vásquez, Teófilo, Barrera, Víctor (2016) Paramilitarismo: balance de la contribución del CNMH al esclarecimiento histórico. Cited 20 times. Bogotá: CNMHVillamizar, Darío (2018) Las guerrillas en Colombia. Una historia desde los orígenes hasta los confines Bogotá: Ediciones DebateVillarraga, Álvaro (2006) La reinserción en Colombia. Experiencias, crisis humanitaria y política pública. Cited 2 times. Bogotá: Fucude; AsopropazWood, Elisabeth Jean La violación como práctica de guerra: hacia una tipología de la violencia política (2019) Revista Estudios Socio-jurídicos, 22 (1), pp. 67-109. https://doi.org/10.12804/revistas.urosario.edu.co/sociojuridicos/a.8189(2008) Dos paramilitares postulados a Justicia y Paz se fugaron de la cárcel en Bolívar Semana, 1.o de julio https://www.semana.com/dos-paramilitarespostulados-justicia-paz-fugaron-carcel-bolivar/93641-3/(2010) Verdad Abierta, 2 de septiembre https://verdadabierta.com/el-precio-que-pago-la-anucpor-querer-la-tierra-que-trabajaban/Ex 'paras' destapan vínculos con Infantería de Marina y Policía (2008) El Tiempo 29 de mayo https://www.eltiempo.com/archivo/documento/CMS-4215913¿Exterminio del EPL en Urabá, crimen de lesa humanidad? (2014) Verdad Abierta, 21 de noviembre https://verdadabierta.com/exterminio-de-epl-enuraba-crimen-de-lesa-humanidad/'Javier' reconoció seis muertes en San Juan Nepomuceno (2009) El Universal 7 de octubre https://www.eluniversal.com.co/sucesos/javier-reconocio-seismuertes-en-san-juan-nepomuceno-DIEU17151Muñoz, Alma E. De 1988 a la fecha han sido asesinados 696 militantes: PRD (2007) La Jornada, 2 de noviembre https://www.jornada.com.mx/2007/11/02/index.php?section=politica&article=013n2polTherán Tom, Aníbal Guameros: 'siervos' sin tierra (2010) El Universal, 21 de febrero https://www.eluniversal.com.co/regional/guameros-siervos-sin-tierraXKEU33624Torres, Jhon Los mayores verdugos de los excombatientes de las FARC (2021) El Tiempo, 26 de septiembre https://www.eltiempo.com/justicia/jep-colombia/excombatientes-de-las-farc-asesinados-informe-especial-proceso-de-paz-620942http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501ORIGINALcolombiaint111.2022.06.pdfcolombiaint111.2022.06.pdfapplication/pdf736805https://repositorio.utb.edu.co/bitstream/20.500.12585/12375/1/colombiaint111.2022.06.pdffa349afcea23707074b8665e542354c9MD51CC-LICENSElicense_rdflicense_rdfapplication/rdf+xml; charset=utf-8805https://repositorio.utb.edu.co/bitstream/20.500.12585/12375/2/license_rdf4460e5956bc1d1639be9ae6146a50347MD52LICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; 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