Microbiological analysis of cigarette butts and cigarette butt fibers on a tourist beach in Cartagena, Colombia
Cigarette butts (CBs) discarded on tourist beaches represent an emerging waste concern in marinecoastal ecosystems due to their persistence, low degradability, and toxicity. This study investigated CBs, cigarette butt fibers (CBFs), and beach sand in Cartagena, Colombia, as potential substrates for...
- Autores:
-
Mouthon-Bello Javier
Botero Camilo M.
Gutierrez Leonardo
Díaz Mendoza, Claudia Patricia
Acevedo Barrios, Rosa Leonor
- Tipo de recurso:
- Article of investigation
- Fecha de publicación:
- 2025
- Institución:
- Universidad Tecnológica de Bolívar
- Repositorio:
- Repositorio Institucional UTB
- Idioma:
- eng
- OAI Identifier:
- oai:repositorio.utb.edu.co:20.500.12585/13308
- Acceso en línea:
- https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12585/13308
- Palabra clave:
- 620 - Ingeniería y operaciones afines
Microorganisms
Cigarette butts
Cigarette butts fibers
Sand
Beach
2. Ingeniería y Tecnología
ODS 14: Vida submarina. Conservar y utilizar sosteniblemente los océanos, los mares y los recursos marinos para el desarrollo sostenible
- Rights
- License
- http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2
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Microbiological analysis of cigarette butts and cigarette butt fibers on a tourist beach in Cartagena, Colombia |
| title |
Microbiological analysis of cigarette butts and cigarette butt fibers on a tourist beach in Cartagena, Colombia |
| spellingShingle |
Microbiological analysis of cigarette butts and cigarette butt fibers on a tourist beach in Cartagena, Colombia 620 - Ingeniería y operaciones afines Microorganisms Cigarette butts Cigarette butts fibers Sand Beach 2. Ingeniería y Tecnología ODS 14: Vida submarina. Conservar y utilizar sosteniblemente los océanos, los mares y los recursos marinos para el desarrollo sostenible |
| title_short |
Microbiological analysis of cigarette butts and cigarette butt fibers on a tourist beach in Cartagena, Colombia |
| title_full |
Microbiological analysis of cigarette butts and cigarette butt fibers on a tourist beach in Cartagena, Colombia |
| title_fullStr |
Microbiological analysis of cigarette butts and cigarette butt fibers on a tourist beach in Cartagena, Colombia |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Microbiological analysis of cigarette butts and cigarette butt fibers on a tourist beach in Cartagena, Colombia |
| title_sort |
Microbiological analysis of cigarette butts and cigarette butt fibers on a tourist beach in Cartagena, Colombia |
| dc.creator.fl_str_mv |
Mouthon-Bello Javier Botero Camilo M. Gutierrez Leonardo Díaz Mendoza, Claudia Patricia Acevedo Barrios, Rosa Leonor |
| dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv |
Mouthon-Bello Javier Botero Camilo M. Gutierrez Leonardo Díaz Mendoza, Claudia Patricia Acevedo Barrios, Rosa Leonor |
| dc.contributor.researchgroup.none.fl_str_mv |
Grupo de Investigación Sistemas Ambientales e Hidráulicos (GISAH) |
| dc.subject.ddc.none.fl_str_mv |
620 - Ingeniería y operaciones afines |
| topic |
620 - Ingeniería y operaciones afines Microorganisms Cigarette butts Cigarette butts fibers Sand Beach 2. Ingeniería y Tecnología ODS 14: Vida submarina. Conservar y utilizar sosteniblemente los océanos, los mares y los recursos marinos para el desarrollo sostenible |
| dc.subject.proposal.eng.fl_str_mv |
Microorganisms Cigarette butts Cigarette butts fibers Sand Beach |
| dc.subject.ocde.none.fl_str_mv |
2. Ingeniería y Tecnología |
| dc.subject.ods.none.fl_str_mv |
ODS 14: Vida submarina. Conservar y utilizar sosteniblemente los océanos, los mares y los recursos marinos para el desarrollo sostenible |
| description |
Cigarette butts (CBs) discarded on tourist beaches represent an emerging waste concern in marinecoastal ecosystems due to their persistence, low degradability, and toxicity. This study investigated CBs, cigarette butt fibers (CBFs), and beach sand in Cartagena, Colombia, as potential substrates for microbial growth. Samples were collected over five months from different beach usage zones (active, rest, and service) and analyzed for bacterial isolation, morphological and biochemical characterization, 16 S rRNA gene sequencing, and the presence of total coliforms and Escherichia coli. The results revealed the presence of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria in sand, CBs, and CBFs. Notably, Virgibacillus pantothenticus and Virgibacillus dokdonensis were identified and documented for the first time in Colombia. These findings contribute to understanding the sanitary and environmental quality of tourist beach sand and highlight potential risks to human health. Moreover, the identification of V. dokdonensis in cigarette butts discarded on beach sand is particularly relevant, as previous research suggests that certain bacterial taxa may have bioremediation potential for heavy metals. |
| publishDate |
2025 |
| dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv |
2025-04-28T20:13:42Z |
| dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv |
2025-04-25 |
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Artículo de revista |
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info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
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Text |
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Díaz-Mendoza, C., Mouthon-Bello, J., Botero, C.M. et al. Microbiological analysis of cigarette butts and cigarette butt fibers on a tourist beach in Cartagena, Colombia. Sci Rep 15, 14510 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-91488-w |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12585/13308 |
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10.1038/s41598-025-91488-w |
| dc.identifier.eissn.none.fl_str_mv |
20452322 |
| identifier_str_mv |
Díaz-Mendoza, C., Mouthon-Bello, J., Botero, C.M. et al. Microbiological analysis of cigarette butts and cigarette butt fibers on a tourist beach in Cartagena, Colombia. Sci Rep 15, 14510 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-91488-w 10.1038/s41598-025-91488-w 20452322 |
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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12585/13308 |
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eng |
| language |
eng |
| dc.relation.references.none.fl_str_mv |
Belzagui, F., Buscio, V., Gutiérrez-Bouzán, C. & Vilaseca, M. Cigarette butts as a microfiber source with a microplastic level of concern. Sci. Total Environ. 762, 144165 (2021). Andrady, A. L. Microplastics in the marine environment. Mar. Pollut Bull. 62, 1596–1605 (2011) Díaz-Mendoza, C., Mouthon-Bello, J., Pérez-Herrera, N. L. & Escobar-Díaz, S. M. Plastics and microplastics, effects on marine coastal areas: a review. Environ. Sci. Pollut Res. 27, 39913–39922 (2020) De-la-Torre, G. E. et al. Are we underestimating floating microplastic pollution? A quantitative analysis of two sampling methodologies. Mar. Pollut Bull. 178, 113592 (2022) Metcalf, R. et al. Evidence of interspecific plasmid uptake by pathogenic strains of Klebsiella isolated from microplastic pollution on public beaches. J. Hazard. Mater. 461, 132567 (2024). Metcalf, R., White, H. L., Ormsby, M. J., Oliver, D. M. & Quilliam, R. S. From wastewater discharge to the beach: Survival of human pathogens bound to microplastics during transfer through the freshwater-marine continuum. Environ. Pollut. 319, 120955 (2023). Metcalf, R. et al. Sewage-associated plastic waste washed up on beaches can act as a reservoir for faecal bacteria, potential human pathogens, and genes for antimicrobial resistance. Mar. Pollut Bull. 180, 113766 (2022). Abreu, R. et al. Sediment characteristics and Microbiological contamination of beach sand – A case–study in the Archipelago of Madeira. Sci. Total Environ. 573, 627–638 (2016). Hernández-Sánchez, C. et al. Bacterial colonization of microplastics at the beaches of an oceanic Island, Tenerife, Canary Islands. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public. Health. 20, 3951 (2023). Jang, J. et al. Environmental Escherichia coli: Ecology and public health implications-a review. J. Appl. Microbiol. 123, 570–581 (2017). Díaz-Mendoza, C. et al. Abundance and distribution of cigarette butts on the sand of five touristic beaches in Latin America during the COVID-19 pandemic. Mar. Pollut Bull. 194, 115306 (2023) Valdemoro, H. I. & Jiménez, J. A. The influence of shoreline dynamics on the use and exploitation of mediterranean tourist beaches. Coast Manag. 34, 405–423 (2006) Acevedo-Barrios, R., Bertel-Sevilla, A., Alonso-Molina, J. & Olivero-Verbel, J. Perchlorate-Reducing Bacteria from Hypersaline Soils of the Colombian Caribbean. Int. J. Microbiol. 6981865 (2019). (2019). Acevedo-Barrios, R. et al. Perchlorate-reducing bacteria from Antarctic marine sediments. Environ. Monit. Assess. 194, 654 (2022). Acevedo-Barrios, R. et al. Bioprospecting of extremophilic perchlorate-reducing bacteria: report of promising Bacillus spp. Isolated from sediments of the Bay of Cartagena. Colombia Biodegradation. 35, 601–620 (2024) Acevedo Barrios, R. L. et al. Psychrobacter sp: perchlorate reducing bacteria, isolated from marine sediments from Margarita Bay, Antarctica. LACCEI 1, (2023). Koneman, E. W., Allen, S. D., Janda, W. M., Schreckenberger, P. C. & Winn, W. C. Diagnostico Microbiologico Texto Y Atlas a Color. 6 Edicion (Medica Panamericana, 2006) Park, C., Kim, S. B., Choi, S. H. & Kim, S. Comparison of 16S rRNA gene based microbial profiling using five Next-Generation sequencers and various primers. Front. Microbiol. 12, (2021). Sikolenko, M. A. & Valentovich, L. N. RiboGrove: a database of full-length prokaryotic 16S rRNA genes derived from completely assembled genomes. Res. Microbiol. 173, 103936 (2022). Ahmad, A., Dada, A. C., Usup, G. & Heng, L. Y. Validation of the enterococci indicator for bacteriological quality monitoring of beaches in Malaysia using a multivariate approach. SpringerPlus 2, 1–18 (2013). Shlens, J. A. & Tutorial on Principal Component Analysis. Preprint at (2014). https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.1404.1100 Camara, A. et al. Virgibacillus ihumii Sp. nov., a new bacterium isolated from the stool of healthy African children. New. Microbes New. Infect. 38, 100790 (2020). Seck, E. et al. Virgibacillus senegalensis Sp. nov., a new moderately halophilic bacterium isolated from human gut. New. Microbes New. Infect. 8, 116–126 (2015). Yan, H. et al. Interaction of Ca2+and Fe3+in co-precipitation process induced by Virgibacillus dokdonensis and its application. J. Environ. Sci. 147, 131–152 (2025). Zhang, H., Wu, X., Quan, L. & Ao, Q. Characteristics of marine biomaterials and their applications in biomedicine. Mar. Drugs. 20, 372 (2022) Casillo, A., Lanzetta, R., Parrilli, M. & Corsaro, M. M. Exopolysaccharides from marine and marine extremophilic bacteria: Structures, properties, ecological roles and applications. Mar. Drugs. 16, 69 (2018). Andrew, M. & Jayaraman, G. Molecular characterization and biocompatibility of exopolysaccharide produced by moderately halophilic bacterium Virgibacillus dokdonensis from the saltern of Kumta Coast. Polymers 14, 3986 (2022). Joghee, N. N. & Jayaraman, G. Metabolomic characterization of halophilic bacterial isolates reveals strains synthesizing rare diaminoacids under salt stress. Biochimie 102, 102–111 (2014). Kraková, L. et al. A multiphasic approach for investigation of the microbial diversity and its biodegradative abilities in historical paper and parchment documents. Int. Biodeterior. Biodegrad. 70, 117–125 (2012). V, B. V.R, P. Mangroves: A hotspot for novel bacterial and archaeal diversity. Rhizosphere 27, 100748 (2023). Santos, O. C. S. et al. Isolation, characterization and phylogeny of sponge-associated bacteria with antimicrobial activities from Brazil. Res. Microbiol. 161, 604–612 (2010). Nuhoglu, Y. et al. The accelerating effects of the microorganisms on biodeterioration of stone monuments under air pollution and continental-cold Climatic conditions in Erzurum, Turkey. Sci. Total Environ. 364, 272–283 (2006). De Giglio, O. et al. Microbiological and chemical characteristics of beaches along the Taranto Gulf (Ionian Sea, Southern Italy). Environ. Monit. Assess. 194, 1–13 (2022). Bonilla, T. D. et al. Prevalence and distribution of fecal indicator organisms in South Florida beach sand and preliminary assessment of health effects associated with beach sand exposure. Mar. Pollut Bull. 54, 1472–1482 (2007). Blaustein, R. A., Pachepsky, Y., Hill, R. L., Shelton, D. R. & Whelan, G. Escherichia coli survival in waters: Temperature dependence. Water Res. 47, 569–578 (2013). Weiskerger, C. J. et al. Impacts of a changing Earth on microbial dynamics and human health risks in the continuum between beach water and sand. Water Res. 162, 456–470 (2019) Puls, J., Wilson, S. A. & Hölter, D. Degradation of cellulose Acetate-Based materials: A review. J. Polym. Environ. 19, 152–165 (2011). Yadav, N. & Hakkarainen, M. Degradable or not? Cellulose acetate as a model for complicated interplay between structure, environment and degradation. Chemosphere 265, 128731 (2021). Whitman, R. L. et al. Microbes in beach sands: Integrating environment, ecology and public health. Rev. Environ. Sci. Biotechnol. 13, 329–368 (2014). |
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Mouthon-Bello JavierBotero Camilo M.Gutierrez LeonardoDíaz Mendoza, Claudia Patriciavirtual::420-1Acevedo Barrios, Rosa Leonorvirtual::421-1Grupo de Investigación Sistemas Ambientales e Hidráulicos (GISAH)2025-04-28T20:13:42Z2025-04-25Díaz-Mendoza, C., Mouthon-Bello, J., Botero, C.M. et al. Microbiological analysis of cigarette butts and cigarette butt fibers on a tourist beach in Cartagena, Colombia. Sci Rep 15, 14510 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-91488-whttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12585/1330810.1038/s41598-025-91488-w20452322Cigarette butts (CBs) discarded on tourist beaches represent an emerging waste concern in marinecoastal ecosystems due to their persistence, low degradability, and toxicity. This study investigated CBs, cigarette butt fibers (CBFs), and beach sand in Cartagena, Colombia, as potential substrates for microbial growth. Samples were collected over five months from different beach usage zones (active, rest, and service) and analyzed for bacterial isolation, morphological and biochemical characterization, 16 S rRNA gene sequencing, and the presence of total coliforms and Escherichia coli. The results revealed the presence of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria in sand, CBs, and CBFs. Notably, Virgibacillus pantothenticus and Virgibacillus dokdonensis were identified and documented for the first time in Colombia. These findings contribute to understanding the sanitary and environmental quality of tourist beach sand and highlight potential risks to human health. Moreover, the identification of V. dokdonensis in cigarette butts discarded on beach sand is particularly relevant, as previous research suggests that certain bacterial taxa may have bioremediation potential for heavy metals.12 páginasapplication/pdfengNature ResearchUnited Kingdomhttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-025-91488-w#citeas620 - Ingeniería y operaciones afinesMicroorganismsCigarette buttsCigarette butts fibersSandBeach2. Ingeniería y TecnologíaODS 14: Vida submarina. Conservar y utilizar sosteniblemente los océanos, los mares y los recursos marinos para el desarrollo sostenibleMicrobiological analysis of cigarette butts and cigarette butt fibers on a tourist beach in Cartagena, ColombiaArtículo de revistainfo:eu-repo/semantics/articlehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1http://purl.org/redcol/resource_type/ARTTextinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85Belzagui, F., Buscio, V., Gutiérrez-Bouzán, C. & Vilaseca, M. Cigarette butts as a microfiber source with a microplastic level of concern. Sci. Total Environ. 762, 144165 (2021).Andrady, A. L. Microplastics in the marine environment. Mar. Pollut Bull. 62, 1596–1605 (2011)Díaz-Mendoza, C., Mouthon-Bello, J., Pérez-Herrera, N. L. & Escobar-Díaz, S. M. Plastics and microplastics, effects on marine coastal areas: a review. Environ. Sci. Pollut Res. 27, 39913–39922 (2020)De-la-Torre, G. E. et al. Are we underestimating floating microplastic pollution? A quantitative analysis of two sampling methodologies. Mar. Pollut Bull. 178, 113592 (2022)Metcalf, R. et al. Evidence of interspecific plasmid uptake by pathogenic strains of Klebsiella isolated from microplastic pollution on public beaches. J. Hazard. Mater. 461, 132567 (2024).Metcalf, R., White, H. L., Ormsby, M. J., Oliver, D. M. & Quilliam, R. S. From wastewater discharge to the beach: Survival of human pathogens bound to microplastics during transfer through the freshwater-marine continuum. Environ. Pollut. 319, 120955 (2023).Metcalf, R. et al. Sewage-associated plastic waste washed up on beaches can act as a reservoir for faecal bacteria, potential human pathogens, and genes for antimicrobial resistance. Mar. Pollut Bull. 180, 113766 (2022).Abreu, R. et al. Sediment characteristics and Microbiological contamination of beach sand – A case–study in the Archipelago of Madeira. Sci. Total Environ. 573, 627–638 (2016).Hernández-Sánchez, C. et al. Bacterial colonization of microplastics at the beaches of an oceanic Island, Tenerife, Canary Islands. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public. Health. 20, 3951 (2023).Jang, J. et al. Environmental Escherichia coli: Ecology and public health implications-a review. J. Appl. Microbiol. 123, 570–581 (2017).Díaz-Mendoza, C. et al. Abundance and distribution of cigarette butts on the sand of five touristic beaches in Latin America during the COVID-19 pandemic. Mar. Pollut Bull. 194, 115306 (2023)Valdemoro, H. I. & Jiménez, J. A. The influence of shoreline dynamics on the use and exploitation of mediterranean tourist beaches. Coast Manag. 34, 405–423 (2006)Acevedo-Barrios, R., Bertel-Sevilla, A., Alonso-Molina, J. & Olivero-Verbel, J. Perchlorate-Reducing Bacteria from Hypersaline Soils of the Colombian Caribbean. Int. J. Microbiol. 6981865 (2019). (2019).Acevedo-Barrios, R. et al. Perchlorate-reducing bacteria from Antarctic marine sediments. Environ. Monit. Assess. 194, 654 (2022).Acevedo-Barrios, R. et al. Bioprospecting of extremophilic perchlorate-reducing bacteria: report of promising Bacillus spp. Isolated from sediments of the Bay of Cartagena. Colombia Biodegradation. 35, 601–620 (2024)Acevedo Barrios, R. L. et al. Psychrobacter sp: perchlorate reducing bacteria, isolated from marine sediments from Margarita Bay, Antarctica. LACCEI 1, (2023).Koneman, E. W., Allen, S. D., Janda, W. M., Schreckenberger, P. C. & Winn, W. C. Diagnostico Microbiologico Texto Y Atlas a Color. 6 Edicion (Medica Panamericana, 2006)Park, C., Kim, S. B., Choi, S. H. & Kim, S. Comparison of 16S rRNA gene based microbial profiling using five Next-Generation sequencers and various primers. Front. Microbiol. 12, (2021).Sikolenko, M. A. & Valentovich, L. N. RiboGrove: a database of full-length prokaryotic 16S rRNA genes derived from completely assembled genomes. Res. Microbiol. 173, 103936 (2022).Ahmad, A., Dada, A. C., Usup, G. & Heng, L. Y. Validation of the enterococci indicator for bacteriological quality monitoring of beaches in Malaysia using a multivariate approach. SpringerPlus 2, 1–18 (2013).Shlens, J. A. & Tutorial on Principal Component Analysis. Preprint at (2014). https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.1404.1100Camara, A. et al. Virgibacillus ihumii Sp. nov., a new bacterium isolated from the stool of healthy African children. New. Microbes New. Infect. 38, 100790 (2020).Seck, E. et al. Virgibacillus senegalensis Sp. nov., a new moderately halophilic bacterium isolated from human gut. New. Microbes New. Infect. 8, 116–126 (2015).Yan, H. et al. Interaction of Ca2+and Fe3+in co-precipitation process induced by Virgibacillus dokdonensis and its application. J. Environ. Sci. 147, 131–152 (2025).Zhang, H., Wu, X., Quan, L. & Ao, Q. Characteristics of marine biomaterials and their applications in biomedicine. Mar. Drugs. 20, 372 (2022)Casillo, A., Lanzetta, R., Parrilli, M. & Corsaro, M. M. Exopolysaccharides from marine and marine extremophilic bacteria: Structures, properties, ecological roles and applications. Mar. Drugs. 16, 69 (2018).Andrew, M. & Jayaraman, G. Molecular characterization and biocompatibility of exopolysaccharide produced by moderately halophilic bacterium Virgibacillus dokdonensis from the saltern of Kumta Coast. Polymers 14, 3986 (2022).Joghee, N. N. & Jayaraman, G. Metabolomic characterization of halophilic bacterial isolates reveals strains synthesizing rare diaminoacids under salt stress. Biochimie 102, 102–111 (2014).Kraková, L. et al. A multiphasic approach for investigation of the microbial diversity and its biodegradative abilities in historical paper and parchment documents. Int. Biodeterior. Biodegrad. 70, 117–125 (2012).V, B. V.R, P. Mangroves: A hotspot for novel bacterial and archaeal diversity. Rhizosphere 27, 100748 (2023).Santos, O. C. S. et al. Isolation, characterization and phylogeny of sponge-associated bacteria with antimicrobial activities from Brazil. Res. Microbiol. 161, 604–612 (2010).Nuhoglu, Y. et al. The accelerating effects of the microorganisms on biodeterioration of stone monuments under air pollution and continental-cold Climatic conditions in Erzurum, Turkey. Sci. Total Environ. 364, 272–283 (2006).De Giglio, O. et al. Microbiological and chemical characteristics of beaches along the Taranto Gulf (Ionian Sea, Southern Italy). Environ. Monit. Assess. 194, 1–13 (2022).Bonilla, T. D. et al. Prevalence and distribution of fecal indicator organisms in South Florida beach sand and preliminary assessment of health effects associated with beach sand exposure. Mar. Pollut Bull. 54, 1472–1482 (2007).Blaustein, R. A., Pachepsky, Y., Hill, R. L., Shelton, D. R. & Whelan, G. Escherichia coli survival in waters: Temperature dependence. Water Res. 47, 569–578 (2013).Weiskerger, C. J. et al. Impacts of a changing Earth on microbial dynamics and human health risks in the continuum between beach water and sand. Water Res. 162, 456–470 (2019)Puls, J., Wilson, S. A. & Hölter, D. Degradation of cellulose Acetate-Based materials: A review. J. Polym. Environ. 19, 152–165 (2011).Yadav, N. & Hakkarainen, M. Degradable or not? Cellulose acetate as a model for complicated interplay between structure, environment and degradation. Chemosphere 265, 128731 (2021).Whitman, R. L. et al. Microbes in beach sands: Integrating environment, ecology and public health. Rev. Environ. Sci. 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