Theoretical–Experimental Study of the Action of Trace Amounts of Formaldehyde, Propionaldehyde, and Butyraldehyde as Inhibitors of the Ziegler–Natta Catalyst and the Synthesis of an Ethylene–Propylene Copolymer

The copolymer synthesis process can be affected by failures in the production process or by contaminating compounds such as ketones, thiols, and gases, among others. These impurities act as an inhibiting agent of the Ziegler–Natta (ZN) catalyst affecting its productivity and disturbing the polymeriz...

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Autores:: Ortega-Toro, Rodrigo
Castro-Suarez, John R

Tipo de recurso:

Fecha de publicación:: 2023

Institución:: Universidad Tecnológica de Bolívar

Repositorio:: Repositorio Institucional UTB

Idioma:: eng

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dc.title.es_CO.fl_str_mv	Theoretical–Experimental Study of the Action of Trace Amounts of Formaldehyde, Propionaldehyde, and Butyraldehyde as Inhibitors of the Ziegler–Natta Catalyst and the Synthesis of an Ethylene–Propylene Copolymer
title	Theoretical–Experimental Study of the Action of Trace Amounts of Formaldehyde, Propionaldehyde, and Butyraldehyde as Inhibitors of the Ziegler–Natta Catalyst and the Synthesis of an Ethylene–Propylene Copolymer
spellingShingle	Theoretical–Experimental Study of the Action of Trace Amounts of Formaldehyde, Propionaldehyde, and Butyraldehyde as Inhibitors of the Ziegler–Natta Catalyst and the Synthesis of an Ethylene–Propylene Copolymer Formaldehyde–propionaldehyde and butyraldehyde Green ethylene Ziegler–Natta Polypropylene Catalyst Degradation Random copolymer LEMB
title_short	Theoretical–Experimental Study of the Action of Trace Amounts of Formaldehyde, Propionaldehyde, and Butyraldehyde as Inhibitors of the Ziegler–Natta Catalyst and the Synthesis of an Ethylene–Propylene Copolymer
title_full	Theoretical–Experimental Study of the Action of Trace Amounts of Formaldehyde, Propionaldehyde, and Butyraldehyde as Inhibitors of the Ziegler–Natta Catalyst and the Synthesis of an Ethylene–Propylene Copolymer
title_fullStr	Theoretical–Experimental Study of the Action of Trace Amounts of Formaldehyde, Propionaldehyde, and Butyraldehyde as Inhibitors of the Ziegler–Natta Catalyst and the Synthesis of an Ethylene–Propylene Copolymer
title_full_unstemmed	Theoretical–Experimental Study of the Action of Trace Amounts of Formaldehyde, Propionaldehyde, and Butyraldehyde as Inhibitors of the Ziegler–Natta Catalyst and the Synthesis of an Ethylene–Propylene Copolymer
title_sort	Theoretical–Experimental Study of the Action of Trace Amounts of Formaldehyde, Propionaldehyde, and Butyraldehyde as Inhibitors of the Ziegler–Natta Catalyst and the Synthesis of an Ethylene–Propylene Copolymer
dc.creator.fl_str_mv	Ortega-Toro, Rodrigo Castro-Suarez, John R
dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv	Ortega-Toro, Rodrigo Castro-Suarez, John R
dc.subject.keywords.es_CO.fl_str_mv	Formaldehyde–propionaldehyde and butyraldehyde Green ethylene Ziegler–Natta Polypropylene Catalyst Degradation Random copolymer
topic	Formaldehyde–propionaldehyde and butyraldehyde Green ethylene Ziegler–Natta Polypropylene Catalyst Degradation Random copolymer LEMB
dc.subject.armarc.none.fl_str_mv	LEMB
description	The copolymer synthesis process can be affected by failures in the production process or by contaminating compounds such as ketones, thiols, and gases, among others. These impurities act as an inhibiting agent of the Ziegler–Natta (ZN) catalyst affecting its productivity and disturbing the polymerization reaction. In this work, the effect of formaldehyde, propionaldehyde,and butyraldehyde on the ZN catalyst and the way in which it affects the final properties of the ethylene-propylene copolymer is presented by analyzing 30 samples with different concentrations of the mentioned aldehydes along with three control samples. It was determined that the presence of formaldehyde 26 ppm, propionaldehyde 65.2 ppm, and butyraldehyde 181.2 ppm considerably affect the productivity levels of the ZN catalyst; this effect increases as the concentration of aldehydes is higher in the process; likewise, these impurities affect the properties of the final product, such as the fluidity index (MFI), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), bending, tension, and impact, which leads to a polymer with low-quality standards and less resistance to breakage. The computational analysis showed that the complexes formed by formaldehyde, propionaldehyde, and butyraldehyde with the active center of the catalyst are more stable than those obtained by the ethylene-Ti and propylene-Ti complexes, presenting values of −40.5, −47.22, −47.5, −5.2 and −1.3 kcal mol−1 respectively.
publishDate	2023
dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv	2023-05-31T21:43:18Z
dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv	2023-05-31T21:43:18Z
dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv	2023-02-22
dc.date.submitted.none.fl_str_mv	2023-05-31
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dc.identifier.citation.es_CO.fl_str_mv	Hernández-Fernández, J.; Ortega-Toro, R.; Castro-Suarez, J.R. Theoretical–Experimental Study of the Action of Trace Amounts of Formaldehyde, Propionaldehyde, and Butyraldehyde as Inhibitors of the Ziegler–Natta Catalyst and the Synthesis of an Ethylene–Propylene Copolymer. Polymers 2023, 15, 1098. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym15051098
dc.identifier.uri.none.fl_str_mv	https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12585/11970
dc.identifier.doi.none.fl_str_mv	https://doi.org/10.3390/polym15051098
dc.identifier.instname.es_CO.fl_str_mv	Universidad Tecnológica de Bolívar
dc.identifier.reponame.es_CO.fl_str_mv	Repositorio Universidad Tecnológica de Bolívar
identifier_str_mv	Hernández-Fernández, J.; Ortega-Toro, R.; Castro-Suarez, J.R. Theoretical–Experimental Study of the Action of Trace Amounts of Formaldehyde, Propionaldehyde, and Butyraldehyde as Inhibitors of the Ziegler–Natta Catalyst and the Synthesis of an Ethylene–Propylene Copolymer. Polymers 2023, 15, 1098. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym15051098 Universidad Tecnológica de Bolívar Repositorio Universidad Tecnológica de Bolívar
url	https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12585/11970 https://doi.org/10.3390/polym15051098
dc.language.iso.es_CO.fl_str_mv	eng
language	eng
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eu_rights_str_mv	openAccess
dc.format.extent.none.fl_str_mv	15 Páginas
dc.format.mimetype.es_CO.fl_str_mv	application/pdf
dc.publisher.place.es_CO.fl_str_mv	Cartagena de Indias
dc.publisher.sede.es_CO.fl_str_mv	Campus Tecnológico
dc.source.es_CO.fl_str_mv	Polymers - Vol. 15 No. 5 (2023)
institution	Universidad Tecnológica de Bolívar
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spelling	Ortega-Toro, Rodrigod594d4c1-6ec9-4782-a84b-cee2853ea359Castro-Suarez, John Re2326948-21b0-4572-aa06-ed6fc206a6e92023-05-31T21:43:18Z2023-05-31T21:43:18Z2023-02-222023-05-31Hernández-Fernández, J.; Ortega-Toro, R.; Castro-Suarez, J.R. Theoretical–Experimental Study of the Action of Trace Amounts of Formaldehyde, Propionaldehyde, and Butyraldehyde as Inhibitors of the Ziegler–Natta Catalyst and the Synthesis of an Ethylene–Propylene Copolymer. Polymers 2023, 15, 1098. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym15051098https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12585/11970https://doi.org/10.3390/polym15051098Universidad Tecnológica de BolívarRepositorio Universidad Tecnológica de BolívarThe copolymer synthesis process can be affected by failures in the production process or by contaminating compounds such as ketones, thiols, and gases, among others. These impurities act as an inhibiting agent of the Ziegler–Natta (ZN) catalyst affecting its productivity and disturbing the polymerization reaction. In this work, the effect of formaldehyde, propionaldehyde,and butyraldehyde on the ZN catalyst and the way in which it affects the final properties of the ethylene-propylene copolymer is presented by analyzing 30 samples with different concentrations of the mentioned aldehydes along with three control samples. It was determined that the presence of formaldehyde 26 ppm, propionaldehyde 65.2 ppm, and butyraldehyde 181.2 ppm considerably affect the productivity levels of the ZN catalyst; this effect increases as the concentration of aldehydes is higher in the process; likewise, these impurities affect the properties of the final product, such as the fluidity index (MFI), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), bending, tension, and impact, which leads to a polymer with low-quality standards and less resistance to breakage. The computational analysis showed that the complexes formed by formaldehyde, propionaldehyde, and butyraldehyde with the active center of the catalyst are more stable than those obtained by the ethylene-Ti and propylene-Ti complexes, presenting values of −40.5, −47.22, −47.5, −5.2 and −1.3 kcal mol−1 respectively.15 Páginasapplication/pdfenghttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessAttribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internacionalhttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Polymers - Vol. 15 No. 5 (2023)Theoretical–Experimental Study of the Action of Trace Amounts of Formaldehyde, Propionaldehyde, and Butyraldehyde as Inhibitors of the Ziegler–Natta Catalyst and the Synthesis of an Ethylene–Propylene Copolymerinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/drafthttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_6501http://purl.org/coar/version/c_b1a7d7d4d402bccehttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1Formaldehyde–propionaldehyde and butyraldehydeGreen ethyleneZiegler–NattaPolypropyleneCatalystDegradationRandom copolymerLEMBCartagena de IndiasCampus TecnológicoPúblico generalFan, D.; Dai, D.J.; Wu, H.S. Ethylene formation by catalytic dehydration of ethanol with industrial considerations. Materials 2012, 6, 101–115.Hernández-Fernández, J.; Guerra, Y.; Espinosa, E. Development and Application of a Principal Component Analysis Model to Quantify the Green Ethylene Content in Virgin Impact Copolymer Resins During Their Synthesis on an Industrial Scale. J. Polym. Environ. 2022, 30, 4800–4808Penteado, A.T.; Kim, M.; Godini, H.R.; Esche, E.; Repke, J.U. Biogas as a renewable feedstock for green ethylene production via oxidative coupling of methane: Preliminary feasibility study. Chem. Eng. Trans. 2017, 61, 589–594.Abril, A.; Navarro, E.A. Etanol a Partir de Biomasa Lignocelulósica; Aleta: Valencia, Spain, 2012; pp. 46–47.Himmelmann, R.; Otterstaetter, R.; Franke, O.; Brand, S.; Wachsen, O.; Mestl, G.; Efenberger, F.; Klemm, E. Selective oxidation of ethanol to ethylene oxide with a dual-layer concept. Catal. 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Theoretical–Experimental Study of the Action of Trace Amounts of Formaldehyde, Propionaldehyde, and Butyraldehyde as Inhibitors of the Ziegler–Natta Catalyst and the Synthesis of an Ethylene–Propylene Copolymer

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