On the mathematical modeling for optimal selecting of calibers of conductors in DC radial distribution networks: An MINLP approach
This paper addresses the problem of optimal conductor selection in direct current (DC) distribution networks with radial topology. A nonlinear mixed-integer programming model (MINLP) is developed through a branch-to-node incidence matrix. An important contribution is that the proposed MINLP model in...
- Autores:
-
Montoya, Oscar Danilo
Gil-González, Walter
Grisales-Noreña, Luis Fernando
- Tipo de recurso:
- Fecha de publicación:
- 2021
- Institución:
- Universidad Tecnológica de Bolívar
- Repositorio:
- Repositorio Institucional UTB
- Idioma:
- eng
- OAI Identifier:
- oai:repositorio.utb.edu.co:20.500.12585/10345
- Acceso en línea:
- https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12585/10345
- Palabra clave:
- Direct current networks
Medium-voltage distribution networks
Radial structure
Mathematical modeling
Mixed-integer nonlinear programming
Telescopic configuration
Optimal conductor selection
- Rights
- openAccess
- License
- http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
id |
UTB2_136c3ba9b27ecc008807c8e44adc4db8 |
---|---|
oai_identifier_str |
oai:repositorio.utb.edu.co:20.500.12585/10345 |
network_acronym_str |
UTB2 |
network_name_str |
Repositorio Institucional UTB |
repository_id_str |
|
dc.title.spa.fl_str_mv |
On the mathematical modeling for optimal selecting of calibers of conductors in DC radial distribution networks: An MINLP approach |
title |
On the mathematical modeling for optimal selecting of calibers of conductors in DC radial distribution networks: An MINLP approach |
spellingShingle |
On the mathematical modeling for optimal selecting of calibers of conductors in DC radial distribution networks: An MINLP approach Direct current networks Medium-voltage distribution networks Radial structure Mathematical modeling Mixed-integer nonlinear programming Telescopic configuration Optimal conductor selection |
title_short |
On the mathematical modeling for optimal selecting of calibers of conductors in DC radial distribution networks: An MINLP approach |
title_full |
On the mathematical modeling for optimal selecting of calibers of conductors in DC radial distribution networks: An MINLP approach |
title_fullStr |
On the mathematical modeling for optimal selecting of calibers of conductors in DC radial distribution networks: An MINLP approach |
title_full_unstemmed |
On the mathematical modeling for optimal selecting of calibers of conductors in DC radial distribution networks: An MINLP approach |
title_sort |
On the mathematical modeling for optimal selecting of calibers of conductors in DC radial distribution networks: An MINLP approach |
dc.creator.fl_str_mv |
Montoya, Oscar Danilo Gil-González, Walter Grisales-Noreña, Luis Fernando |
dc.contributor.author.none.fl_str_mv |
Montoya, Oscar Danilo Gil-González, Walter Grisales-Noreña, Luis Fernando |
dc.subject.keywords.spa.fl_str_mv |
Direct current networks Medium-voltage distribution networks Radial structure Mathematical modeling Mixed-integer nonlinear programming Telescopic configuration Optimal conductor selection |
topic |
Direct current networks Medium-voltage distribution networks Radial structure Mathematical modeling Mixed-integer nonlinear programming Telescopic configuration Optimal conductor selection |
description |
This paper addresses the problem of optimal conductor selection in direct current (DC) distribution networks with radial topology. A nonlinear mixed-integer programming model (MINLP) is developed through a branch-to-node incidence matrix. An important contribution is that the proposed MINLP model integrates a set of constraints related to the telescopic structure of the network, which allows reducing installation costs. The proposed model also includes a time-domain dependency that helps analyze the DC network under different load conditions, including renewable generation and battery energy storage systems, and different voltage regulation operative consigns. The objective function of the proposed model is made up of the total investment in conductors and the total cost of energy losses in one year of operation. These components of the objective function show multi-objective behavior. For this reason, different simulation scenarios are performed to identify their effects on the final grid configuration. An illustrative 10-nodes medium-voltage DC grid with 9 lines is used to carry out all the simulations through the General Algebraic Modeling System known as GAMS. |
publishDate |
2021 |
dc.date.accessioned.none.fl_str_mv |
2021-07-30T12:21:57Z |
dc.date.available.none.fl_str_mv |
2021-07-30T12:21:57Z |
dc.date.issued.none.fl_str_mv |
2021-02-15 |
dc.date.submitted.none.fl_str_mv |
2021-07-29 |
dc.type.driver.spa.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
dc.type.hasversion.spa.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/restrictedAccess |
dc.type.spa.spa.fl_str_mv |
http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1 |
dc.identifier.citation.spa.fl_str_mv |
Oscar Danilo Montoya, Walter Gil-González, Luis F. Grisales-Noreña, On the mathematical modeling for optimal selecting of calibers of conductors in DC radial distribution networks: An MINLP approach, Electric Power Systems Research, Volume 194, 2021, 107072, ISSN 0378-7796, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsr.2021.107072 |
dc.identifier.uri.none.fl_str_mv |
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12585/10345 |
dc.identifier.doi.none.fl_str_mv |
10.1016/j.epsr.2021.107072 |
dc.identifier.instname.spa.fl_str_mv |
Universidad Tecnológica de Bolívar |
dc.identifier.reponame.spa.fl_str_mv |
Repositorio Universidad Tecnológica de Bolívar |
identifier_str_mv |
Oscar Danilo Montoya, Walter Gil-González, Luis F. Grisales-Noreña, On the mathematical modeling for optimal selecting of calibers of conductors in DC radial distribution networks: An MINLP approach, Electric Power Systems Research, Volume 194, 2021, 107072, ISSN 0378-7796, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsr.2021.107072 10.1016/j.epsr.2021.107072 Universidad Tecnológica de Bolívar Repositorio Universidad Tecnológica de Bolívar |
url |
https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12585/10345 |
dc.language.iso.spa.fl_str_mv |
eng |
language |
eng |
dc.rights.coar.fl_str_mv |
http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2 |
dc.rights.uri.*.fl_str_mv |
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ |
dc.rights.accessrights.spa.fl_str_mv |
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess |
dc.rights.cc.*.fl_str_mv |
Atribución-NoComercial 4.0 Internacional |
rights_invalid_str_mv |
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ Atribución-NoComercial 4.0 Internacional http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2 |
eu_rights_str_mv |
openAccess |
dc.format.extent.none.fl_str_mv |
10 páginas |
dc.format.medium.none.fl_str_mv |
Recurso en línea / Electrónico |
dc.format.mimetype.spa.fl_str_mv |
application/pdf |
dc.publisher.place.spa.fl_str_mv |
Cartagena de Indias |
dc.publisher.sede.spa.fl_str_mv |
Campus Tecnológico |
dc.publisher.discipline.spa.fl_str_mv |
Ingeniería Eléctrica |
dc.source.spa.fl_str_mv |
Electric Power Systems Research, Volume 194, 2021 |
institution |
Universidad Tecnológica de Bolívar |
bitstream.url.fl_str_mv |
https://repositorio.utb.edu.co/bitstream/20.500.12585/10345/1/%5bArt.%209%5d%20On%20the%20mathematical%20modeling%20for%20opt_Oscar%20Danilo%20Montoya.pdf https://repositorio.utb.edu.co/bitstream/20.500.12585/10345/2/license_rdf https://repositorio.utb.edu.co/bitstream/20.500.12585/10345/3/license.txt https://repositorio.utb.edu.co/bitstream/20.500.12585/10345/4/%5bArt.%209%5d%20On%20the%20mathematical%20modeling%20for%20opt_Oscar%20Danilo%20Montoya.pdf.txt https://repositorio.utb.edu.co/bitstream/20.500.12585/10345/5/%5bArt.%209%5d%20On%20the%20mathematical%20modeling%20for%20opt_Oscar%20Danilo%20Montoya.pdf.jpg |
bitstream.checksum.fl_str_mv |
d805c7e3093e93e367eba04ffb83372b 24013099e9e6abb1575dc6ce0855efd5 e20ad307a1c5f3f25af9304a7a7c86b6 c5d7251a2bb2e64e8616ffdeb3afa854 03f33027e41d348aae5fba9278c3ee98 |
bitstream.checksumAlgorithm.fl_str_mv |
MD5 MD5 MD5 MD5 MD5 |
repository.name.fl_str_mv |
Repositorio Institucional UTB |
repository.mail.fl_str_mv |
repositorioutb@utb.edu.co |
_version_ |
1814021790095114240 |
spelling |
Montoya, Oscar Danilo8a59ede1-6a4a-4d2e-abdc-d0afb14d4480Gil-González, Walter1747fed9-7818-4c10-a283-efb3c73ebb27Grisales-Noreña, Luis Fernandob2728c9a-1fd6-47c8-b7bc-d95ea02522072021-07-30T12:21:57Z2021-07-30T12:21:57Z2021-02-152021-07-29Oscar Danilo Montoya, Walter Gil-González, Luis F. Grisales-Noreña, On the mathematical modeling for optimal selecting of calibers of conductors in DC radial distribution networks: An MINLP approach, Electric Power Systems Research, Volume 194, 2021, 107072, ISSN 0378-7796, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsr.2021.107072https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12585/1034510.1016/j.epsr.2021.107072Universidad Tecnológica de BolívarRepositorio Universidad Tecnológica de BolívarThis paper addresses the problem of optimal conductor selection in direct current (DC) distribution networks with radial topology. A nonlinear mixed-integer programming model (MINLP) is developed through a branch-to-node incidence matrix. An important contribution is that the proposed MINLP model integrates a set of constraints related to the telescopic structure of the network, which allows reducing installation costs. The proposed model also includes a time-domain dependency that helps analyze the DC network under different load conditions, including renewable generation and battery energy storage systems, and different voltage regulation operative consigns. The objective function of the proposed model is made up of the total investment in conductors and the total cost of energy losses in one year of operation. These components of the objective function show multi-objective behavior. For this reason, different simulation scenarios are performed to identify their effects on the final grid configuration. An illustrative 10-nodes medium-voltage DC grid with 9 lines is used to carry out all the simulations through the General Algebraic Modeling System known as GAMS.Universidad Tecnológica de Bolívar10 páginasRecurso en línea / Electrónicoapplication/pdfenghttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessAtribución-NoComercial 4.0 Internacionalhttp://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2Electric Power Systems Research, Volume 194, 2021On the mathematical modeling for optimal selecting of calibers of conductors in DC radial distribution networks: An MINLP approachinfo:eu-repo/semantics/articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/restrictedAccesshttp://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1Direct current networksMedium-voltage distribution networksRadial structureMathematical modelingMixed-integer nonlinear programmingTelescopic configurationOptimal conductor selectionCartagena de IndiasCampus TecnológicoIngeniería EléctricaInvestigadoresA.Y. Abdelaziz, A. Fathy, A novel approach based on crow search algorithm for optimal selection of conductor size in radial distribution networks, Engineering Science and Technology, an International Journal 20 (2) (2017) 391–402.M. Lavorato, J.F. Franco, M.J. Rider, R. Romero, Imposing radiality constraints in distribution system optimization problems, IEEE Trans. Power Syst. 27 (1) (2012) 172–180.O.D. Montoya, A. Garces, C.A. Castro, Optimal conductor size selection in radial distribution networks using a mixed-Integer non-Linear programming formulation, IEEE Lat. Am. Trans. 16 (8) (2018) 2213–2220.J.S. Acosta, M.C. Tavares, Optimal selection and positioning of conductors in multicircuit overhead transmission lines using evolutionary computing, Electr. Power Syst. Res. 180 (2020) 106174.Z. Zhao, J. Mutale, Optimal conductor size selection in distribution networks with high penetration of distributed generation using adaptive genetic algorithm, Energies 12 (11) (2019) 2065, https://doi.org/10.3390/en12112065.W. Gil-Gonz´alez, O.D. Montoya, L.F. Grisales-Nore˜na, F. Cruz-Perag´on, G. Alcal´a, Economic dispatch of renewable generators and BESS in DC microgrids using second-Order cone optimization, Energies 13 (7) (2020) 1703.H. Lotfi, A. Khodaei, AC versus DC microgrid planning, IEEE Trans Smart Grid 8 (1) (2015) 296–304.O.D. Montoya, W. Gil-Gonz´alez, J.C. Hern´andez, D.A. Giral-Ramírez, A. Medina- Quesada, A mixed-Integer nonlinear programming model for optimal reconfiguration of DC distribution feeders, Energies 13 (17) (2020) 4440, https:// doi.org/10.3390/en13174440M. Nasir, S. Iqbal, H.A. Khan, Optimal planning and design of low-voltage lowpower solar dc microgrids, IEEE Trans. Power Syst. 33 (3) (2017) 2919–2928.Z. Wang, H. Liu, D.C. Yu, X. Wang, H. Song, A practical approach to the conductor size selection in planning radial distribution systems, IEEE Trans. Power Delivery 15 (1) (2000) 350–354.M. Thenepalle, A comparative study on optimal conductor selection for radial distribution network using conventional and genetic algorithm approach, Int J Comput Appl 17 (2) (2011) 6–13.R.S. Rao, K. Satish, S. Narasimham, Optimal conductor size selection in distribution systems using the harmony search algorithm with a differential operator, Electric Power Components and Systems 40 (1) (2011) 41–56.T.M. Khalil, A.V. Gorpinich, Optimal conductor selection and capacitor placement for loss reduction of radial distribution systems by selective particle swarm optimization. 2012 Seventh International Conference on Computer Engineering & Systems (ICCES), IEEE, 2012, pp. 215–220.B.M. Kalesar, Conductor selection optimization in radial distribution system considering load growth using MDE algorithm, World Journal of Modeling and Simulation 10 (3) (2014) 175–184.J.F. Franco, M.J. Rider, M. Lavorato, R. Romero, Optimal conductor size selection and reconductoring in radial distribution systems using a mixed-integer LP approach, IEEE Trans. Power Syst. 28 (1) (2013) 10–20.C. Phurailatpam, B.S. Rajpurohit, L. Wang, Planning and optimization of autonomous DC microgrids for rural and urban applications in india, Renewable Sustainable Energy Rev. 82 (2018) 194–204M.F. Zia, E. Elbouchikhi, M. Benbouzid, Optimal operational planning of scalable DC microgrid with demand response, islanding, and battery degradation cost considerations, Appl Energy 237 (2019) 695–707.O.D. Montoya, W. Gil-Gonz´alez, L. Grisales-Nore˜na, An exact MINLP model for optimal location and sizing of DGs in distribution networks: a general algebraic modeling system approach, Ain Shams Eng. J. (2019), https://doi.org/10.1016/j. asej.2019.08.011.O.D. Montoya, L.F. Grisales-Nore˜na, W. Gil-Gonz´alez, G. Alcal´a, Q. Hernandez- Escobedo, Optimal location and sizing of PV sources in DC networks for minimizing greenhouse emissions in diesel generators, Symmetry (Basel) 12 (2) (2020) 322, https://doi.org/10.3390/sym12020322A. Soroudi, Power system optimization modeling in GAMS, Springer International Publishing, 2017, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-62350-4H. Li, L. Zhang, X. Shen, A loop-analysis theory based power flow method and its linear formulation for low-voltage DC grid, Electr. Power Syst. Res. 187 (2020) 106473, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsr.2020.106473P. Skworcow, D. Paluszczyszyn, B. Ulanicki, R. Rudek, T. Belrain, Optimisation of Pump and Valve Schedules in Complex Large-scale Water Distribution Systems Using GAMS Modelling Language, Procedia Eng. 70 (2014) 1566–1574, https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2014.02.173.12th International Conference on Computing and Control for the Water Industry, CCWI2013O.D. Montoya, W. Gil-Gonz´alez, L. Grisales-Nore˜na, C. Orozco-Henao, F. Serra, Economic dispatch of BESS and renewable generators in DC microgrids using voltage-Dependent load models, Energies 12 (23) (2019) 4494, https://doi.org/ 10.3390/en12234494L. Tartibu, B. Sun, M. Kaunda, Multi-objective optimization of the stack of a thermoacoustic engine using GAMS, Appl. Soft Comput. 28 (2015) 30–43, https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.asoc.2014.11.055A. Naghiloo, M. Abbaspour, B. Mohammadi-Ivatloo, K. Bakhtari, GAMS Based approach for optimal design and sizing of a pressure retarded osmosis power plant in bahmanshir river of iran, Renewable Sustainable Energy Rev. 52 (2015) 1559–1565, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2015.08.018W. Gil-Gonz´alez, O.D. Montoya, L.F. Grisales-Nore˜na, A.-J. Perea-Moreno, Q. Hernandez-Escobedo, Optimal placement and sizing of wind generators in AC grids considering reactive power capability and wind speed curves, Sustainability 12 (7) (2020) 2983, https://doi.org/10.3390/su12072983.S. Tao, L. Xiuzhi, W. Yanyan, C. Yanli, C. Dayin, A matlab simulation of the kruskal algorithm for erecting communication network. 2011 International Conference on Electronics, Communications and Control (ICECC), 2011, pp. 41–43.M.T.M. Emmerich, A.H. Deutz, A tutorial on multiobjective optimization: fundamentals and evolutionary methods, Nat Comput 17 (3) (2018) 585–609, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11047-018-9685-yR.T. Marler, J.S. Arora, The weighted sum method for multi-objective optimization: new insights, Struct. Multidiscip. Optim. 41 (6) (2009) 853–862, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00158-009-0460-7http://purl.org/coar/resource_type/c_2df8fbb1ORIGINAL[Art. 9] On the mathematical modeling for opt_Oscar Danilo Montoya.pdf[Art. 9] On the mathematical modeling for opt_Oscar Danilo Montoya.pdfArtículoapplication/pdf968335https://repositorio.utb.edu.co/bitstream/20.500.12585/10345/1/%5bArt.%209%5d%20On%20the%20mathematical%20modeling%20for%20opt_Oscar%20Danilo%20Montoya.pdfd805c7e3093e93e367eba04ffb83372bMD51CC-LICENSElicense_rdflicense_rdfapplication/rdf+xml; charset=utf-8914https://repositorio.utb.edu.co/bitstream/20.500.12585/10345/2/license_rdf24013099e9e6abb1575dc6ce0855efd5MD52LICENSElicense.txtlicense.txttext/plain; charset=utf-83182https://repositorio.utb.edu.co/bitstream/20.500.12585/10345/3/license.txte20ad307a1c5f3f25af9304a7a7c86b6MD53TEXT[Art. 9] On the mathematical modeling for opt_Oscar Danilo Montoya.pdf.txt[Art. 9] On the mathematical modeling for opt_Oscar Danilo Montoya.pdf.txtExtracted texttext/plain54145https://repositorio.utb.edu.co/bitstream/20.500.12585/10345/4/%5bArt.%209%5d%20On%20the%20mathematical%20modeling%20for%20opt_Oscar%20Danilo%20Montoya.pdf.txtc5d7251a2bb2e64e8616ffdeb3afa854MD54THUMBNAIL[Art. 9] On the mathematical modeling for opt_Oscar Danilo Montoya.pdf.jpg[Art. 9] On the mathematical modeling for opt_Oscar Danilo Montoya.pdf.jpgGenerated Thumbnailimage/jpeg91367https://repositorio.utb.edu.co/bitstream/20.500.12585/10345/5/%5bArt.%209%5d%20On%20the%20mathematical%20modeling%20for%20opt_Oscar%20Danilo%20Montoya.pdf.jpg03f33027e41d348aae5fba9278c3ee98MD5520.500.12585/10345oai:repositorio.utb.edu.co:20.500.12585/103452023-05-26 11:14:45.679Repositorio Institucional UTBrepositorioutb@utb.edu.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 |